Unlike many animals that the night lifestyle leads, bats hunt almost blindly. Contrary to the common myth of their excellent night vision, they are poorly seen in the dark and are forced to navigate in space using the mouth and ears.
It sounds strange, but it really is so - they make sounds whose waves are reflected from the surrounding items and catches their ears. This method of orientation in space is called echolocation and, precisely thanks to him, night predators can detect their victims.

Depending on the type, bats can feed on the blood of other animals and all sorts of vegetation, but most of them prefer insects. It is known that in the hour of hunting one individual can eat about 200 mosquitoes. However, they cannot be saturated with one mosquitoes, so try to find and eat more nutrient bugs and caterpillars. Their search sometimes turns into a real test, because these insects are perfectly masked in the leaves of plants.

Masking insects

For a long time, scientists believed that the bats do not have any chances of finding insects, motionlessly sitting on the leaves of trees. The fact is that if the mice are poured into any sheet at right angles, echolokation sounds are reflected from the sheet without any distortion caused by the insect body - in fact, the bugs become invisible for them. However, during the new study, it turned out that predators are already well aware of this "acoustic camouflage" of insects and are flown to leaves under the tilt. Thanks to this trick, the sound waves hurt the body of insects and give it to know that there is something for a piece of wood.

Passed to the leaves at right angles, bats cannot detect production

Scientists were convinced of this by conducting an experiment, during which, with 541 different angles, sounded sound waves on the leaves of plants with insects and without them. During this process, they captured the reflected waves and were evaluated, when exposed to at what angle, insects are best detected. It was found out that for successful hunting bats should be flown to leaves at an angle from 42 to 78 degrees.

The most cunning animals

The next stage of the experiment confirmed that the bats in 80% of cases do this. When scientists put four volatile mice in the aviary with several artificial leaves, fixed dragonfly and several cameras, predators were really twisted to the surface of the leaves at angles in the aforementioned range.
This behavior of bats has become a fairly large discovery for researchers. Now they believe that in the reserve of these amazing creatures there are many more tricks that help them hunt even without good vision. Indeed, bats are amazing creatures, because their organisms easily withstand the infection with the Ebola virus and other deaths for humans.

No, they are not blind.

From 1100 with excessive species of bats on our planet, the blind is not one - more so, many see very well. The assumption that the volatile mice are not needed, since they are focused solely with the help of echolocation, or "sonar" - full nonsense.

For example, wings (also called "giant bats") echolocation do not use at all. The eyes of the royals are large, good and for navigating, and to search for food consisting, expected from fruit. Echolocation - The thing is practically useless to search for food, which does not move from place to place. Instead of it - to find fruit - the rally is well developed in the wing.

Ordinary vampire, or desmodus (DESMODUS Rotundus), is the only bat, fluent in mammalian blood. It is exactly so so capable of seeing a cow for 120 meters deep at night, in a pitch darkness.

Even the actual bats (Micrichiroptera, English. Microbats) - those that feed on insects include all the volatile mice of Britain and are actually used to hunt Sonar - with vision (they have small eyes) envelopes, recognize the benchmarks and calculate the height your flight. Battime mice have a good night vision. The leading night lifestyle, they perceive everything in black and white colors, while the wingrs see everything in color, as their activity falls on daytime.

In both Americas there are several types of fishing volatile mice. So, a large fisherman, or a flying bulldog (Noctilio Leporinus), having sharp vision and clawed paws, clings the fish from the water. Volatile bulldogs are very easy to learn not only by 66-centimeter wings splash, but also on the disgusting smell in the places of their night.

Few people find the volatile mice edible, but for special occasions (such as, for example, the wedding) the people of Chamorro, living on Guam Island in Pacific Ocean, Cooks giant wingrooms or volatile foxes in coconut milk and eats entirely - with wings, wool, etc. This can be explained why the Chamorro is often found rare and very unpleasant neurological disease, the BAS * -Parkinsonism dementia complex. The fact is that the Gum's bats feed on poisonous plants - segregatives, hazardous neurotoxins of which are transmitted (slightly seasoned with coconut) with unlucky pouring.

* Bass (eng. ALS) - lateral amyotrophy sclerosis (also known as motor neurons disease, Charcot's disease or Disease Lu Geriga, named so named the legendary American baseball player who died from this ailment), the terrible incurable degenerative disease of the nervous system unknown so far etiology. According to statistics, every year 1-2 people out of 100,000 bass. In the early stages, the disease is manifested in the form of twitching, convulsions, muscle numbers, weakness in the limbs, difficulty speech. Then the muscular weakness gradually covers more and more parts of the body, and sooner or later the patient loses the ability to move independently. The disease does not affect mental abilities, but leads to severe depression in anticipation of slow death.

Second book of universal misconceptions Lloyd John

What is the vision of bats?

No, they are not blind.

For example, wings (also called "giant volatile mice") echolocation do not use at all. The eyes of the royals are large, good and for navigating, and to search for food consisting, expected from fruit. Echolocation - the thing is almost useless to search for food, which does not move from place to place. Instead of it - to find fruit - the rally is well developed in the wing.

Ordinary vampire, or desmod ( Desmodus Rotundus.) - The only bat, which hips the blood of mammals. It is exactly so so capable of seeing a cow for 120 meters deep at night, in a pitch darkness.

Even actually bats ( Micrichiroptera, eng. microbats.) - those that feed on insects include all the volatile mice of Britain and reallyapply to Sonar's hunt, - by sight (their eyes are small) envelopes obstacles, recognize landmarks and calculate the height of their flight. The bats have a good night vision. The leading night lifestyle, they perceive everything in black and white colors, while the wingrs see everything in color, as their activity falls on daytime.

In both Americas there are several types of fishing volatile mice. So, big fisherman, or volatile bulldog Noctilio Leporinus), having sharp vision and clawed paws, clings the fish out of the water. Volatile bulldogs are very easy to learn not only by 66-centimeter wings splash, but also on the disgusting smell in the places of their night.

Few people find the volatile mice edible, but for special cases (such as, for example, the wedding), the people of Chamorro, living on the GUAM island in the Pacific Ocean, cooks gigantic wingrooms or "volatile foxes" in coconut milk and eats entirely - with wings , wool, etc. This can be explained why Chamorro is so often there is a rare and very unpleasant neurological disease, the BAS-Parkinsonism Dementia complex. The fact is that the Gum's bats feed on poisonous plants - segregatives, hazardous neurotoxins of which are transmitted (slightly seasoned with coconut) with unlucky pouring.

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Instruction

Almost all types of bats lead a nightlife, which means they should have the senses adapted to the dark. Indeed, despite the fact that the bats have eyes that they are able to see during the daytime, they are mainly relying on echolocation.

The first researchers who tried to understand the ability of bats, plunged their eyes and covered the body and the wings of the composition, which had to make the skin insensitive, but bats without any problems avoided all obstacles. Only in the middle of the 20th century, scientists managed to find out how mouses are oriented in space. During the flight, the bats empty sound waves, and then catch their reflection from the surrounding items and thus create a picture of the world.

The bats Make sounds in the ultrasound range, so we cannot hear them. But the mice themselves understand the friend's friend. They have their own special language, numbering at least 15 syllables. Mice do not just make sounds, they sing songs that not only help them navigate in space, but make it possible to communicate. Its mouse songs identify each other, attract females, solve controversial questions about the territory, teach young. Some scientists put the language of volatile mice on the second place of development after human.

Bats make strong sounds, so their ears during singing are closed by special partitions, if such a mechanism did not provide for nature, mouse would very quickly lose their hearing from constant overloads.

Big night

Small throat nightnight

Point leaf

The nearest relatives of the bats on the detachment of manochable - wings (flying dogs, flying foxes, etc.) - so they just see perfectly, sometimes even better than people. But the Microchiroptera themselves, even those that actively use echolocation, are quite sores. Bat vision does not hurt at all. First, the animal must at least minimally distinguish the bright time of the day from the dark (when you need to start hunting). Secondly, echolocation performed by manochable has a very limited range of actions (50 m maximum), and if there is a certain level of mouse lighting, it is more convenient to navigate in space with a more "long-range" view. Thirdly, as recently it became known, European big nights react to the polarized rays of the sunset and the rising sun and, analyzing the angle of their fall, calculate the directions. It turns out a kind of compass, but not magnetic, but light.

It was originally assumed that the retina of the volatile mouse's eyes had only sticks, and the colums had no. Recall that columns are different species and react accordingly on the rays with different wavelengths (that is, different colors). The sticks react only to the change in brightness and give, thus, a monochrome picture, something like what we see on the devices of night vision. So, it turned out that at least some bats may well see a color picture, and their retina possesses both chopsticks and kolodskok. Moreover, eyes, for example, such a bat, as common in South America The points of the ultraviolet part of the spectrum is sensitive to the rays of the ultraviolet part of the spectrum - the eyes of some insects have the same ability.

Sometimes the question of, with the help of which organ of feelings - eyes or ear is to make a path in space for certain types of bats, it is decided not easy. In the course of experiments conducted by the University of Western Ontario (Canada), it was noted strange behavior Volatile mice of a small brown night light. The researchers were placed at the exit of an abandoned mine, where these animals dwell, obstacles from opaque, transparent and reflective materials and changed illumination in the obstacle area. It turned out that even with bright light, when the mouse vision becomes the least sharp, small brown nights prefer for some reason to use vision and ... as a result often stumble on a transparent obstacle. Switching them to echolocation, the transparent obstacle would be easily detected.