State reserve, the largest nature reserve in Crimea, created in 1991. Area ha. It is administered by the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.
The reserve includes 5 forest districts and the Razdolnensky ornithological branch “Lebyazhye Islands”, and the reserve also manages the Karkinitsky ornithological reserve of wetlands of national importance with a water area of hectares.
The main goal is to preserve the biological and landscape diversity of Opuka and its coastal zone. The area has great environmental and historical value for studying natural processes and phenomena there, and developing scientific foundations for nature conservation. The region is diverse with a variety of flora and fauna
Nature reserve in Crimea. Area ha. It is under the jurisdiction of the State Committee for Forestry and Hunting of the Republic of Crimea. The territory of the reserve is forever withdrawn from economic exploitation; its use is allowed only with scientific purposes or to ensure the conservation and enhancement of the reserve’s wealth. The territory of the reserve is part of specially protected natural areas Republic of Crimea.
imperial hunts. At that time, a huntsman service was organized for the royal hunting reserve, and on Mount Bolshaya Chuchel, forest areas were allocated to demonstrate animals brought to the Crimea - Caucasian deer, Dagestan aurochs and bezoar goats, Corsican mouflons, bison. With the advent of Soviet power in Crimea, in 1923, a reserve with an area of about 23 thousand hectares was created on the site of the royal reserve; a weather station and a laboratory appeared here in which scientists conduct their research. During the Great Patriotic War The reserve was severely damaged by fires, the bison were completely destroyed and almost the entire population of deer, roe deer and other large animals perished. In 1957, the reserve was turned into the Crimean State Game Reserve. During the times of Soviet leaders N.S. Khrushchev and L.I. Brezhnev, the former reserve turned into a hunting ground for high-ranking officials not only from the USSR, but also from other countries. The status of the reserve was returned to this territory only in June 1991 by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR. Currently, it is one of the largest, most interesting and important environmental institutions in Russia.
Reserves of Crimea
For the first time, in 1870, part of the mountain-forest landscapes in Crimea acquired the status of an imperial (royal) hunting reserve.
Over the years of its development, the nature reserve fund of Crimea has become the most important indicator reference scientific and natural resource potential of the peninsula. This is a natural environment-preserving and environment-reproducing source of the plain-steppe, mountain-forest and southern coastal-sub-Mediterranean nature of the peninsula. As of 1.01. 1998 in Crimea there are 145 territories and objects of natural reserve fund, with a total area of 140.4 thousand hectares, including 43 territories of national significance, with an area of 124.7 thousand hectares (which is 87% of the area of the entire reserve fund) and 102 objects local significance, with an area of 15.7 thousand hectares (13% of the area of the reserve fund). At the same time, specially protected territories and objects, reflecting the degree of uniqueness of nature in different regions of the peninsula, are unevenly distributed across the landscape areas of Crimea. The Main Crimean Ridge and the Crimean Sub-Mediterranean region are characterized by the greatest reserve density. The landscape areas of the Plain Crimea, the Kerch hills and the Crimean foothills are characterized by significantly less reserve density. In general, the reserve fund in Crimea accounts for 5.4% of the peninsula’s territory. This is 2.5 times higher than the similar average for Ukraine as a whole, but 2 times lower than the UN recommended optimal level of reserve saturation for regions of the world.
Crimean nature reserve- the oldest on the peninsula, it was created in 1923. For a long time (1957-1991, it remained in the strange status of a “reserve hunting reserve”, when instead of protecting valuable animals, they were hunted by “reserve” hunting. Now the reserve, together with its branch, occupies 44.1 thousand hectares. The reserve protects north-slope forest, upland meadow-steppe (Yailta) and partially southern-slope forest landscapes. 1,165 species of higher plants grow in the protected area (plus 84 species on the Lebyazhye Islands). The floristic wealth includes 45 endemic species , 115 species of rare and preserved species.The reserve is home to 39 species of mammals), 120 species of birds (on the Swan Islands - 20 and 230, respectively). Of particular value are beech, oak, hornbeam and pine forests, which play an important water and soil protection role. Red deer, mouflon roe deer, black vulture, griffon vulture and other rare animals live here. Up to 5,000 mute swans flock to the Swan Islands annually to molt, and the colony of gulls numbers more than 30,000 individuals.
The Yalta Natural Mountain Forest Reserve was created in 1973. It covers mainly the western South Coast (14,589 hectares). Forests occupy 3/4 of its territory. Tall, mainly pine forests are common here (they make up 56% of all forests in the reserve), also beech and oak, in places with evergreen sub-Mediterranean undergrowth. The reserve's flora includes 1,363 species of vascular plants, including 115 endemics; 43 plant species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. The reserve is home to 37 species of mammals, 113 species of birds, 11 species of reptiles and 4 species of amphibians.
The Cape Martyan Nature Reserve, located to the east of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden on the limestone cape of the same name, occupies, together with the coastal aquatic complex, only 240 hectares. The reserve was created in 1973 and is intended to preserve a corner of nature of the sub-Mediterranean type in Crimea. A relict pine-juniper-strawberry forest with more than 600 plant species, including 23 endemic species, is preserved here. The Red Book of Ukraine includes tall juniper, small-fruited greenberry, etc. The adjacent water area is home to 71 species of algae, 50 species of fish, 40 species of mollusks - a total of 200 species of marine animals.
Finally, in the east of the Crimean Sub-Mediterranean Sea there is the youngest nature reserve on the peninsula, the Karadag Nature Reserve, founded in 1979. It occupies an area of 1855.1 hectares of ancient volcanic mountain-forest landscape. The reserve was created to protect the rarest landscape and botanical-zoological objects. More than 100 mineral species and varieties were found on Karadag: semi-precious stones are found here - carnelian, opal, heliotrope, agate, rock crystal, amestist, etc. You can observe the attributes of the fossils of the volcano: lava flows and breccias, dikes, mineral veins. The rich flora of Karadag includes 1090 species of vascular plants, including about 50 endemics. Many species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine: tall juniper, blunt-leaved pistachio, Poyarkova hawthorn, etc. The fauna of Karadag includes 28 species of mammals, 184 species of birds, reptile species, 3 amphibians, 1900 invertebrates. The flora of the coastal waters includes 454 species of plants and 900 species of animals (including 80 species of fish).
In addition to nature reserves, numerous other, mostly small in area, specially protected natural unique sites are scattered sporadically throughout Crimea. 32 state reserves have been established on the peninsula, accounting for 51% of the protected territory of Crimea. Among them - 1 reserves are of national importance. There are 73 protected natural monuments in Crimea, with a total area of 2.4% of the entire reserve fund; Among them, 12 have national status. There are 25 protected botanical gardens and parks-monuments of horticultural art in Crimea (their area is 1% of the reserve fund); 11 of them have national status. Finally, there are 11 protected areas in Crimea. They occupy 1.6% of the protected area of the peninsula.
Reserves of Crimea
project "Ecological trail"
4th – A grade students
Mikhailovskaya school
Republic of Crimea
2014-2015 academic year year
Teacher: Shishchenko V.V.
Kazantip Nature Reserve
- Formed on May 12, 1998.
- In total, there are 541 species of vascular plants on Kazantip, constituting 40% of the flora of the lowland Crimea and 60% of the flora of the Kerch Peninsula. Of these, 25 species are listed in the Red Book.
- The fauna of the reserve includes 188 species of vertebrates and more than 450 species of invertebrate animals. 35 species of animals are listed in the Red Book
Karadag Nature Reserve
- The reserve was created on August 9, 1979
- The vegetation of the reserve is distinguished by its species richness. The flora of Kara-Dag has more than 2,500 species
- The fauna of the reserve is no less rich than the flora and has 5,300 species.
Crimean Nature Reserve
- The Crimean Nature Reserve is one of the oldest in Crimea. The beginning of the conservation of the territory is considered to be in 1913.
- A branch of the Lebyazhy Islands Nature Reserve was created in 1949
- The Crimean Nature Reserve is distinguished by its rich vegetation. More than 1,200 plant species grow here, of which 29 species are included in the European Red List, and another 9 species are protected by the Berne Convention.
- The reserve is home to more than 200 species of vertebrate animals.
30 animal species are included in the European Red List,
52 species in the Red Book of Ukraine
Cape Martyan Nature Reserve
- Was organized on February 20, 1973
- In general, more than 200 species of marine animals are found in the reserve’s waters.
- The main value of the reserve and the main purpose of its creation is the relict grove of tall juniper.
- In total, the flora of the reserve includes about 540 plant species,
of which 38 are included in the Red Book.
- The fauna of the reserve includes 1,100 species of animals.
Opuk Nature Reserve
- Founded 1998
- The main goal is to preserve the biological and landscape diversity of Opuka and its coastal zone.
- The region is diverse with a variety of flora and fauna. 32 species of the reserve's fauna are listed in the Red Book
Yalta Mountain Forest Reserve
- Created on February 20, 1973 on the basis of the Yalta forestry enterprise
- In total, about 1,363 species of vascular plants grow in the reserve, which is 65% of the species of the Mountain Crimea. In addition, the flora of the reserve includes 78 species of rare plants listed in the Red Book
- The vertebrate fauna of the reserve is much less rich. The largest number of bird species live here - 150
Crimean Nature ReserveCrimean Nature Reserve is the largest nature reserve
Crimea, one of the oldest in Crimea. Located in Alushta.
The beginning of the conservation of the territory now included in its composition,
The creation of the “Imperial Hunting Reserve” in 1913 is considered.
In 1957 the reserve was
turned into Crimean
state hunting reserve.
The status of the reserve was
returned to this territory
only in June 1991
year by resolution of the Council
Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR. Branch
Nature Reserve "Lebyazhi"
Islands" was created in 1949
year. In 2014 the reserve
was transferred under
surveillance by the Russian Traffic Police.
The main part of the reserve occupies the center of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, a branch
The reserve is located in the west of the Crimean steppe zone and takes up part
waters of the Karkinitsky Bay of the Black Sea.
Here are the highest mountain ranges of Crimea - Yalta yayla, Gurzuf
yayla, Babugan-yayla, Chatyr-Dag-yayla with peaks: Roman-Kosh (1545 m), Bolshaya Chuchel
(1387 m), Chernaya (1311 m). In the central part of the reserve many
Crimean rivers - Alma, Kacha, Tavelchuk, Kosse, Marta, UluUzen, Avunda, Derekoyka, Donga. There are about 300 mountain springs and
springs, among which the most famous is Savlukh-Su, thanks to its healing,
silver ions, water. The Crimean Nature Reserve is distinguished by its rich vegetation. More than
1200 plant species of which 29 species are included in the European Red List
(Eremur Crimean, Crimean cotoneaster, Sobolevsky
Siberian, Dzevanovsky's thyme, purple and red-headed lagozeris, prangos
tripartite), and another 9 species are protected by the Berne Convention. 100 types
plants and mushrooms growing in the reserve are listed in the Red Book of Russia. TO
These include the leafless beetroot, large astrantia, white flower
summer, Pallas's larkspur, etc. The rivers and ponds of the reserve are inhabited by 6
fish species such as brook trout,
endemic Crimean barbel, chub.
Least represented in
amphibian reserve - there are only 4 of them
species: green toad, tree frogs
and lake and crested newt. Birds are the most visible and frequently encountered vertebrates. Total in
In the reserve in the mountain-forest part, 160 species of birds have been recorded in all seasons of the year.
Birds from the Red Book nest here: short-tailed snake eagle, black stork, imperial eagle, black
vulture, griffon vulture, saker falcon, peregrine falcon, spotted rock thrush. Among the common nesting species -
spotted woodpecker, black-headed warbler, warbler, robin, blackbird, blackbird,
finch, the most numerous bird
Crimean forests, and many others. IN
redheads nest in pine forests and
yellow-headed kinglets are the smallest
birds of Europe, siskins and common
crossbills. On the yayls there are skylarks,
quail, spotted rock thrush, most
cautious, mysterious and beautiful bird
reserve, one of the best singers. The reserve is home to the largest population of the Crimean subspecies of deer in Crimea
noble. In addition, in the forests of the reserve there are roe deer,
wild boar, mouflon. Among small mammals, the hedgehog is often found.
The red fox is widespread (occasionally there are silver foxes)
copies). Badgers and weasels live in the forests. The reserve maintains the number of wild animals at
optimal level ensuring ecological balance of natural
environment. In addition to environmental protection, the Crimean Nature Reserve conducts
research work. According to the program “Chronicle of Nature”
natural processes in forests are studied, observations are made
rare species of plants and animals, human impact is analyzed
on the environment.
Another function of the reserve is
educational work. When driving
reserve in Alushta, a Museum was created
nature and dendrozoo with an aviary
keeping animals. Excursionists
introduce typical and unique
mountain-forest natural complexes,
rare species of plants and animals. On
territory of the reserve itself for
organized visit
recreational areas and three
environmental and educational routes.
List of information sources:
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krymsky_prHerodny_reserve
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/SavlukhSu_(spring)
http://zapovednik-crimea.udprfcrimea.com/information/
http://aipetri.info/southern-coast of Crimea/alushta/nature-museum of the Crimean-reserve
Images:
https://go.mail.ru/search_images
