Modification	SVD	SIDS	SVDSN2	SVDSN3
Caliber, mm	7,62	7,62	7,62	7,62
Bullet muzzle velocity, m / s
Sighting range with optical / night sight, m	1300 / -	1300 / -	1300 / 300	1300 / 300
Barrel length, mm
Rifle weight with telescopic sight, empty magazine and cheek, kg	4,30	4,68	4,68	4,68
Optical / night sight type	PSO-1M2 (1P42)	PSO-1M2 (1P42)	PSO-1M2 (1P42) / NSPUM	PSO-1M2 / NSPU-3
Rifle length with unfolded / folded stock, mm	1220 / -	1135 / 875	1135 / 875	1135 / 875
The range up to which the lethal force of the bullet remains, m

In the early 1990s, some special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs received an SVU (A), a shortened sniper rifle, into service. The weapon is a SVD system, rearranged according to the "bullpup" scheme. However, this attempt to modify the SVD for sniper work in special conditions was completely unsuccessful. The balancing characteristic of all bullpups (the center of gravity of the weapon is located above the fire control handle) loads the shooter's right hand, which negatively affects the shooting. Reducing the barrel length by 10 cm greatly increases the dispersion of bullets. A powerful muzzle device, although it well extinguishes the flash of a shot, has a bad effect on the accuracy of the weapon, because the powder gases accumulated in the chambers slow down the bullet when fired again.

The introduction of the automatic fire mode into the design of the trigger mechanism is generally difficult to comment on: the dispersion when firing in bursts is so great that there is no question of any accuracy here at all. In addition, automatic fire completely unmasks the sniper's position and causes rapid wear on the barrel.

Special sniper rifle SV-98.

In the late 1990s, specialists from the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant developed a promising special-purpose sniper rifle SV-98. This weapon was created on the basis of the Record-CISM sports target rifle.

The 650 mm long floating barrel has four right-hand grooves with a pitch of 320 mm. It is characteristic that the bore is not chrome-plated: this somewhat reduces its survivability, but significantly increases the accuracy. In the manufacture of barrels for SV-98, Steyr technology is used, including honing and removal of intrametallic stresses generated during forging.

A muffler can be installed on the muzzle of the barrel. If the weapon is used without a silencer, a special bushing is screwed in its place, which creates a certain tension on the muzzle to increase accuracy.

The receiver has a mounting plate for mounting all types of day and night sights. the developers recommend using a seven-fold PKS-07 collimator sight or a 3-10 x 42 "Hyperon" pancratic sight.

The rifle bolt has three lugs. a fuse located behind the shutter handle, when turned on, blocks the shutter travel and the trigger.

Cartridges are fed from a 10-seat removable magazine. The butt plate and cheek piece are adjustable for the individual characteristics of a particular shooter.

In addition, the SV-98 kit includes an anti-mirage strap (pulled over the barrel), adjustable bipods and a carrying handle. The total weight of the rifle without equipment is 6.2 kg, length (without a silencer) - 1270 mm.

The rifle in its performance is not inferior to the best Western models, despite the fact that its cost is several orders of magnitude less. It should be noted that the SV-98 is not an alternative to the Dragunov sniper rifle. This system is designed for special tasks, not for mass army sniping.

Silent sniper rifles.

The 9-mm VSS "Vintorez" sniper rifle was developed by TsNIITOCHMASH designer P. Serdyukov in the early 80s and in 1987 was adopted by the special forces of the Armed Forces and the KGB. Designed to destroy enemy manpower with sniper fire in conditions requiring silent and flameless shooting. Provides effective firing range during the day with a telescopic sight up to 400 meters, and at night with a night sight - up to 300 meters. The real range of destruction by the first shot of targets typical for a sniper is as follows: up to 100 meters - a head, up to 200 meters - a chest figure.

VSS - automatic weapon: reloading occurs due to the energy of part of the powder gases discharged through the hole in the barrel wall into the gas chamber located on top of the barrel under the plastic forend. The trigger mechanism provides single and automatic fire. The fire mode translator is located inside the trigger guard, at its rear. When the translator moves to the right, a single fire is fired (on the right side of the receiver, behind the trigger guard, a white dot is applied), when moving to the left, automatic fire is fired (on the left side there are three red dots).

The rifle consists of the following parts and mechanisms: a barrel with a receiver, a silencer with sights, a stock, a bolt carrier with a gas piston, a bolt, a percussion mechanism, a trigger mechanism, a forearm, a gas tube, a receiver cover, a magazine. The kit also includes: NSPU-3 night sight (for VSSN modification), 4 magazines, a case with straps for carrying, a bag for magazines and accessories, a belt, a cleaning rod, 6 clips (to speed up the loading of magazines), accessories (for cleaning the barrel, muffler and mechanisms).

The main mode of fire for VSS is single fire, which is characterized by good accuracy: when firing prone with SP-5 cartridges, a series of 4 shots gives a dispersion diameter of no more than 7.5 cm. Automatic fire is used in exceptional cases (in case of a sudden collision with an enemy on short distance, when shooting at an insufficiently clearly visible target, etc.).

The barrel bore is locked by turning the bolt to the left under the influence of the bolt carrier, which receives a forward movement from the return spring. The firing mechanism has a light drummer; when it is lowered from the combat platoon, the rifle whispered a slight impulse of indignation, which contributes to good accuracy.

The rifle has an integrated silencer, that is, it is integral with the barrel of the weapon. It is attached to the barrel with two nuts and a latch, which makes it easy to remove and put on the muffler and at the same time ensures the necessary alignment of the barrel and the muffler. In the outer cylinder of the muffler there is a separator of two strips with round covers at the ends with three round inclined partitions inside. The covers and baffles have bullet holes along the axis of the muffler. When fired, it flies through the holes without touching the end caps and partitions, and the powder gases hit them, change direction and lose speed. The front part of the barrel, closed by the muffler, has 6 rows of through holes through which the propellant gases escape into the muffler cylinder; then they move through the separator, bouncing off the inclined baffles. At the end, the speed of the propellant gases flow is significantly reduced, and the sound of the shot also drops. The sound level of a shot from a VSS is 130 dB, which roughly corresponds to a shot from a small-bore rifle.

The PSO-1-1 daytime optical sight is similar to the PSO-1 sight, the difference is: the scale of the remote handwheel, corresponding to the ballistics of the SP-5 cartridge, and the modified rangefinder scale of the sight reticle - it is designed to determine ranges up to 400 meters, the maximum sighting range of the VSS. For shooting at night, the NSPU-3 sight is used.

The rifle butt is of a skeletal type, which has a metal stop on top in the front part, with which the butt is attached to the receiver and is held by a stopper. When you press the head of the stopper, the stock is separated by a backward movement.

At a distance of up to 400 meters, VSS penetrates a 2-mm steel plate, the field of which the bullet retains sufficient destructive power; at ranges of up to 100 meters, manpower is affected in body armor of 3-4 class of protection.

The procedure for incomplete disassembly of the VSS.

1. Separate the store.

3. Separate the muffler (grasping the forend with your left hand, drown the housing latch with your index finger, turn the muffler counterclockwise with your right hand and, pushing it forward, separate it from the weapon).

4. Separate the separator from the muffler housing (pressing the separator latch with a screwdriver, push it into the housing with your finger, then remove it, pushing it with a ramrod).

5. Separate the spring from the separator (push it forward along the barrel).

6. Separate the receiver cover (drown the cover latch by pressing your finger on the stop projection and, lifting the rear end, separate it from the receiver).

7. Separate the return mechanism (while holding the rifle, push the mechanism stop forward until its protrusion comes out of the receiver slot; lifting the stop, remove the mechanism from the receiver bore).

8. Separate the guide (move the guide forward until it comes out of the receiver socket, then remove it while holding the drummer).

9. Separate the drummer (take the drummer to the rearmost position and, lifting, separate it from the receiver).

10. Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt (take the bolt carrier with the bolt to the rearmost position and remove it from the receiver towards the top).

11. Separate the bolt from the bolt carrier (keeping the frame in a vertical position, lifting and simultaneously turning the bolt clockwise, remove it from the bolt carrier).

12. Separate the fore-end (grasp the fore-end with your right hand, drown the housing latch with your thumb, then remove the fore-end from the barrel with a forward movement).

13. Separate the tube (by turning the tube clockwise until its protrusion is aligned with the slot on the receiver, separate it from the barrel by moving it backwards).

The 9-mm rifle sniper complex VSK-94 was developed at the Tula Instrument-Making Design Bureau (KBP). It includes the actual rifle, cartridges SP-5, SP-6 and PAB-9, day sight. The complex is designed to destroy manpower in personal protective equipment or in vehicles at ranges of up to 400 meters. Just like the VSS, the VSK-94 allows for silent and flameless shooting, which ensures the concealment of the sniper's position. The complex is developed on the basis of the 9A91 small-sized machine gun. The main differences from the prototype are that the rifle has a removable frame-type butt, a bracket for mounting an optical sight on the left side of the receiver and a threaded silencer attachment on the barrel, which reduces the sound of the shot and completely removes the muzzle flame. The rifle has a quickly collapsible design, which allows it to be covertly transported to the place of use.

The manufacturer guarantees the trouble-free operation of all parts and mechanisms of the weapon for at least 6000 shots, while the probability of trouble-free operation is 0.998. The cross-section of bullet dispersion when firing single shots using the PSO-1-1 optical sight at a distance of 100 meters is no more than 10 cm.

The order of incomplete disassembly of VSK-94.

1. Separate the store.

2. Check the weapon for unloaded.

3. Separate the muffler by unscrewing it from the barrel; separate the barrel linings.

4. Separate the butt (press the butt plate latch with your thumb and separate it from the receiver with your hand on the butt grip).

5. Separate the butt plate (take the rifle by the bracket, squeeze the wedge with your thumb, and with the other hand, gripping the washers on the wedge axis, separate the butt plate from the receiver by moving backward).

6. Separate the fire translator (turn the translator flag vertically and remove it by moving it to the side).

7. Separate the bolt carrier (take the frame back to failure and remove it from the receiver guides).

8. Separate the bolt from the frame (bring the bolt forward so that its leading protrusion comes out of the shaped groove of the frame).

The main characteristics of the VSK-94 and VSS Vintorez sniper rifles.

Specifications	VSK-94	VSS "Vintorez"
Applicable cartridges	SP-5, SP-6, PAB-9	SP-5, SP-6, PAB-9
Automation	venting gases	venting gases
Locking	by turning the shutter	by turning the shutter
Trigger mechanism	hammer	drummer
Magazine capacity	20 pat.	10 patr.
Aim	optical PSO-1-1 open (mechanical)	optical PSO-1-1 open (mechanical) night NSPU-3
Sighting range	with a telescopic sight - 400 m with an open sight - 420 m	with a telescopic sight - 400 m with an open sight - 420 m with a night sight - 300 m
Weight	with a telescopic sight - 4.1 kg	with a telescopic sight - 3.41 kg with a night sight - 5.93 kg
Length	898 mm	894 mm
Barrel length	200 mm	200 mm
Burst rate of fire	700-900 rds. / min.	800-900 rounds / min.
Bullet muzzle velocity	270 m / sec.	280-290 m / s
Combat rate of fire	single fire - up to 60 rounds / min. bursts - up to 120 rds / min.	single fire - up to 30 rounds / min. bursts - up to 60 rds / min.

Large-caliber sniper weapon.

The need for sniper weapons with an effective firing range of up to 2000 meters has been revealed by various armies of the world for a long time. Local wars of recent decades have confirmed the need to create such weapons. Typically, large-caliber machine guns, mortars, artillery, tanks and infantry fighting vehicles are used to defeat large targets. At the same time, the consumption of cartridges and shells is very high. In addition, in some complicated combat conditions, a small tactical unit (namely, such units are most often used in low-intensity conflicts) simply does not have a powerful, accurate, but at the same time maneuverable weapon. Large-caliber sniper rifles allow you to solve such firing tasks with one or two shots. In this regard, already in the 1980s, large-caliber sniper rifles with an effective range of up to 2000 meters began to appear in the Western armies. Also, new types of ammunition with high muzzle velocities for sniper shooting, including those with arrow-shaped bullets, began to be created.

The Tula Instrument Design Bureau (KBP) has developed a 12.7-mm self-loading sniper rifle B-94, which was put into service under the symbol OSV-96. This weapon is designed to destroy a single shot of protected manpower, lightly armored vehicles, radar stations, rocket and artillery installations, aviation equipment in parking lots, coastal defense from small vessels, and detonation of sea and land mines. At the same time, automobile equipment and other technical means are affected at distances of up to 2000 meters, and manpower - up to 1200 meters. An important point in this case is that the sniper, when firing, remains out of the reach of the aimed fire of the enemy's conventional small arms.

On the OSV-96 rifle, various high-magnification optical sights are installed (POS 13x60, POS 12x56), night sights with a vision range of up to 600 meters can also be used. Due to the installation of a powerful muzzle brake and a rubber butt pad, the recoil when firing is quite acceptable. However, the sniper must use headphones or earbuds to avoid injury to his hearing.

Ease of aiming is provided by a stable bipod and a well-balanced arrangement of the weapon. A magazine for 5 rounds and automatic reloading allow, if necessary, to fire at a sufficiently high rate and reduce the fatigue of the sniper.

For ease of carrying, the rifle folds in half; for this, there is a hinge in the breech area of ​​the barrel.

Similar information.

SVD, GRAU Index - 6В1

Self-loading sniper rifle, created in 1957-1963 by a group of designers led by Evgeny Dragunov.

History

In the mid-1960s, changes were made to the technical production processes of the SVD rifle: gunsmiths I. A. Samoilov and V. Nikitin created a new barrel manufacturing technology.

In the 1990s, the rifle began to be equipped with a plastic forend. In addition, the production of a conversion version of the rifle was mastered - the self-loading carbine "Tiger" (structurally it differs in a shorter barrel, the absence of a flame arrester, a gas regulator and a tide for attaching a bayonet, changed fittings).

Ammunition and equipment

For firing from the SVD, rifle cartridges 7.62x54 mm R are used with ordinary, tracer and armor-piercing incendiary bullets, as well as sniper cartridges (7N1, 7N14), it is also capable of firing cartridges with expansive bullets JHP and JSP.

Fire from the SVD is carried out with single shots. The supply of cartridges during firing is carried out from a box magazine with a capacity of 10 rounds. A flame arrester with five longitudinal slots is mounted on the muzzle of the barrel, which also camouflages a shot during night operations and protects against contamination of the barrel. The presence of a gas regulator for changing the recoil speed of moving parts ensures the reliability of the rifle in operation.

The rifle is equipped with a PSO-1M2 optical sight, it is possible to install NSPUM or NSPU-3 night sights.

Operating principle

When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through the gas outlet in the barrel wall into the gas chamber, presses on the front wall of the gas piston and throws the piston with the pusher, and with them the bolt carrier, into the rear position.

When the bolt carrier moves back, the bolt opens the barrel bore, removes the sleeve from the chamber and throws it out of the receiver, and the bolt carrier compresses the return spring and cocks the hammer (puts it on the self-timer cocking).

The bolt carrier with the bolt returns to the forward position under the action of the return mechanism, while the bolt sends the next cartridge from the store to the chamber and closes the barrel bore, and the bolt carrier removes the self-timer sear from under the self-trigger cocking and the trigger is on the combat platoon. The bolt is locked by turning it to the left and the lugs of the bolt entering the cutouts of the receiver.

To fire the next shot, you must release the trigger and press it again. After releasing the trigger, the thrust moves forward and its hook jumps over the sear, and when the trigger is pressed, the thrust hook turns the sear and disconnects it from the cocking of the trigger. The trigger, turning on its axis under the action of the mainspring, strikes the striker, and the latter moves forward and pricks the cartridge igniter. A shot occurs.

When the last cartridge is fired, when the bolt moves back, the magazine feeder raises the shutter stop, the bolt rests against it and the bolt carrier stops in the rear position. This is a signal to reload the rifle.

Accuracy and accuracy

in accordance with the Manual on Shooting, the accuracy of the rifle is considered normal if, when firing four shots from a prone position at a distance of 100 m, all four holes fit into a circle with a diameter of 8 cm. with steel core.

Initially, the SVD was produced with a rifling pitch of 320 mm, similar to a sporting weapon and providing a high accuracy of fire, however, when the rifle was adopted, it was found that with such a step, the dispersion of the B-32 armor-piercing incendiary bullets doubled. As a result, it was decided to change the rifling pitch by 240 mm, which led to an increase in the standard for dispersion at a distance of 100 m from 8 cm to 10 cm (which, however, was not reflected in the NSD). When firing with a 7N1 sniper cartridge, dispersion is (depending on the rifling pitch) no more than 10-12 cm at a distance of 300 m.

The direct shot range is:

According to the head figure, 30 cm high - 350 m,
- for the chest figure, 50 cm high - 430 m,
-on a running figure, 150 cm high - 640 m.
The PSO-1 sight is designed for shooting up to 1300 meters, however, at this range, you can effectively shoot only at a group target, or conduct harassing fire.

The main difficulty when shooting at long ranges is the errors in preparing the initial data for shooting (this is true for all sniper rifles). At a distance of 600 meters, the median error in height (in determining the range equal to 0.1% of the range) is 63 cm, the median error in the lateral direction (determining the crosswind speed equal to 1.5 m / s) is 43 cm. For comparison, median deviation of bullet dispersion for the best snipers for 600 m - 9.4 cm in height, 8.8 cm in lateral.

Good sniper training allows you to fire aimed fire even at targets such as helicopters and low-speed aircraft. For example, there is a known case when a fighter of the FMLN partisan detachment managed to shoot down a jet attack aircraft of the Salvadorian Air Force with a shot from the SVD. This happened on November 12, 1989 near the village of San Miguel. The Cessna A-37B aircraft that entered the attack successfully fitted into the sight and was struck (later a successful sniper said that he was aiming at the cockpit). The bullet hit the pilot, after which the plane lost control and crashed. Similarly, the Iraqi militants used the SVD, claiming the destruction of small reconnaissance UAVs RQ-11 Raven with sniper rifles.

Modifications

A variant of the SVD with a folding stock and a shortened barrel.

Large-caliber version of the SVD chambered for 9.3x64 mm with a folding stock, the same as that of the SVDS.

SVD variant with bullpup layout.

Training rifle chambered for 22 Long Rifle, created by Evgeny Dragunov for the initial training of snipers. In fact, this is an independent weapon, only repeating in general terms the appearance of the SVD.

Operating countries

the USSR
-Russia
-Azerbaijan

Armenia
-Albania
-Afghanistan
-Belarus
-Bulgaria
-Vietnam

Hungary
-Venezuela: Purchased for the Venezuelan Armed Forces
-Georgia
-India: Manufactured under license.
-Iraq: Al-Qadissiya or Al-Gadissiya - locally produced variant.

Iran: Nakhjir - locally produced variant
-Kazakhstan
-Kyrgyzstan
PRC: Type 79, a Norinco clone, as well as an upgraded version of the Type 85 and several options for the civilian market.
-Nicaragua
-Mongolia
-Poland
-Romania: produced under license.
-Slovakia
-Tajikistan
-Turkmenia
-Turkey: operated by the army gendarmerie.
-Uzbekistan
-Ukraine

Finland: under the designation 7.62 TKIV Dragunov.
-Czech Republic: in service with the army

TTX

Weight, kg:
-4.3 (SVD, early release, without a bayonet-knife, with a telescopic sight, an empty magazine and a butt cheek)
-4.5 (SVD, modern version, without bayonet-knife, with optical sight, empty magazine and butt cheek)
-4.68 (SVDS with telescopic sight and empty magazine)
-0.21 (shop)
-0.26 (bayonet without scabbard)
-0.58 (sight PSO-1)

Length, mm:
-1225 (SVD without bayonet-knife)
-1370 (SVD with a bayonet-knife)
-1135/875 (SVDS with unfolded / folded stock)
- Barrel length, mm:
-620 (SVD, general)
-547 (SVD, threaded part)
-565 (SVDS)
-Width, mm: 88
-Height, mm: 230
- Cartridge: 7.62x54 mm R
-Caliber, mm: 7.62
-Principles of work: Butterfly valve, removal of powder gases
-Fire rate, shots / min: 30 (combat)

Bullet muzzle velocity, m / s:
-830 (SVD)
-810 (SVDS)
- Sighting range, m:
-1200 (open sight)
-1300 (optical sight)
-300 (night sights NSPUM and NSPU-3)
-Maximum range, m:
-800 (effective)
-3800 (lethal effect of a bullet)
-Kind of ammunition: box magazine for 10 rounds
-Sight: open sector (reserve), aiming line length - 587 mm, there is a mount for installing optical (for example, PSO-1) or night (for example, NSPU-3 or NSPUM) sights

The Mosin rifle, also known as the famous "three-line", was the main weapon of the 1917 revolution, as well as the Great Patriotic War. It is the Mosin rifle of the 1891 model that is rightfully considered one of the most famous examples of Russian weapons. The tsarist "three-line" took part in the Russian-Japanese, and then in the First World War.

The Russian "three-line", created at the end of the nineteenth century, for many decades remained an effective and reliable weapon for the soldier. She became one of the first domestic models adopted by the army. Today Mosin rifles can often be seen in museums and in private collections. There are not only Russian modifications of the rifle, but also made abroad. The design, technical characteristics have changed a little - but the principle of the weapon remains the same.

The Mosin rifle was developed during the take-off of technology and science, when the appearance of smokeless powder made it possible to switch to reduced calibers. And thanks to the development of weapons technology, it became possible to create a replacement for a single-charge system - a store-fed system. Naturally, Russia also participated in the development of weapons.

As a result, two systems of magazine-type rifles were presented to the choice of the Russian army - the Belgian Leon Nagana, as well as the domestic captain S.I. Mosin. Tests showed that the Belgian rifle was generally better than the Russian one. But senior management took into account that:

• the Belgian rifle had twice as many misfires;
• the Russian rifle was cheaper and easier to manufacture.

The generals eventually made a compromise: the Mosin rifle was adopted by the Russian army in 1891, but a 5-round Nagant magazine was installed on it. Together with the rifle, a new three-line cartridge (7.62 mm) was also adopted. The rifle received the designation "three-line", and the soldiers nicknamed the weapon as "three-line". Name three-line comes from the caliber of the rifle barrel, which is equal to three lines (an obsolete measure of length equal to one tenth of an inch or 2.54 mm)

This weapon received the name Mosin only in Soviet times after the modernization of 1930. The Russian three-line rifle abroad has always been called "Mosin-Nagan".

Inventor of the "three-line"

The history of the creation of the "three-line" was not easy. Several designers took part in the creation of the best magazine rifle in the world, but the most significant contribution was made by Sergei Ivanovich Mosin. The story was unfair to him, and his rifle during his lifetime did not bear the name of the developer, which greatly upset the designer.

Sergei Mosin was born in the village of Ramon, Voronezh Region. He graduated from the military and artillery school, the artillery academy. In 1875 Mosin became the head of the tool shop of the arms factory in Tula. By 1880, he was already developing single-shot rifles and was an expert in weaponry. In 1894, Mosin became the head of the Sestroretsk arms factory.

Cartridges for the Mosin carbine

The cartridge was created by the Russian designer Veltischev by analogy with the French cartridge from the Lebel rifle, caliber 8x56 mm R. It used:

1. blunt shell bullets;
2. smokeless powder charge;
3. sleeve with a protruding bottle-shaped rim.

The mechanism of a sleeve with a flange, which has already become obsolete, is adopted due to the low level of development of Russian industry - the applied tolerances in this case are less strict.

Adoption of the Mosin rifle into service

Weapon sample 1891 (caliber 7.62)It wasacceptedinto service in three versions (in fact, they were distinguished only by the length of the barrel):

1. Infantry rifle - the longest bayonet and barrel.

2. Dragoon (cavalry) rifle - barrel length is shorter, and the method of fastening the belt has been changed.

3. Cossack rifle - there was no bayonet and a shorter barrel.

The bayonet for the rifle was adopted by a slightly outdated sample by that time - a four-sided needle, with a tubular sleeve attached to the barrel. The bayonet had a square section with small valleys on the sides; when disassembling the weapon, the point sharpened to a plane could be used as a screwdriver.

The main drawback of the system, which was corrected only in 1938, was that the bayonet had to be always worn in a firing position, adjacent to the rifle, disassembly was not supposed. "Three-line" shot (except for the Cossack) with a bayonet attached. If the bayonet was disassembled and the bayonet was removed, then the balance of the weapon was violated - the bullets flew past the target. In addition, over time, fastening the bayonets led to loosening, the accuracy of shooting deteriorated.

The weapons of the early samples were distinguished by the absence of barrel linings, as well as a barrel open from above along the entire length. Since 1894, wooden upper plates were used, which protected the shooter's hand from burns. At the time the weapons were adopted, Russian enterprises could not yet start producing new rifles, so the initial order was placed in France, in the city of Chatellerault.

Only in 1893–94 did the rifle go into mass production at the Sestroretsk Arms Plant near St. Petersburg, and a little later in Izhevsk and Tula. During the First World War, rifles had to be ordered from the United States to make up for frontline losses.

Mosin rifle specifications

Mosin rifle model 1891/1930 Is a bolt-action magazine rifle with twist-lock action.

Specifications:

• Caliber - 7.62 mm
• Total weight without cartridges with a bayonet - 4.5 kg
• The total length without bayonet is 114 cm
• The total length with a bayonet is 166 cm
• Rifling shape - rectangular
• Number of grooves - 4
• Magazine capacity - 5 rounds
• The weight of the clip with cartridges is 122-132 g.

Shooting can be carried out with regular cartridges with heavy and light bullets, as well as with incendiary, tracer and armor-piercing bullets.

Device

The scheme of operation of the Mosin rifle is based on the following design solutions:

1. The barrel is locked on two lugs with a sliding bolt behind the receiver. The stops are located in the front of the bolt; in the locked state, they are located in the horizontal plane.
2. The cocking of the drummer, as well as putting him on a combat platoon, is performed when the bolt is opened.
3. The shutter mechanism is simple in design. The reload handle is in the middle of the bolt.
4. Instead of a fuse, a trigger head (striker) is used, located behind the bolt.
5. The shutter can be easily removed from the receiver without the aid of a tool.
6. The magazine is box-shaped, with a single-row arrangement of cartridges, integral. Due to the fact that the lower cover of the magazine is hinged, cleaning of the magazine and quick discharge are simplified. Store equipment - one cartridge each with the bolt open through the upper window of the receiver or from plate clips for 5 rounds.
7. Due to the peculiarities of the store, there is a special part in the design - a cut-off, which blocks the second and lower cartridges in the store when the upper one is fed into the barrel.
8. The mechanism involves disabling the cut-off, if the shutter is completely closed, this makes it possible for the next cartridge to rise to the feed line.

Dismantling the rifle due to its manufacturability was not difficult.

The sniper rifle was adopted by the Red Army in 1931. Only the best fighters who had undergone special training were allowed to shoot from it.

The Mosin sniper rifle is perfect for pinpoint shots at long-range single targets. Shooting accuracy with an optical sight was ensured at a range of 100-1300 meters. However, due to the optical sight, it was impossible to make the design of a rifle for loading with a clip - one cartridge had to be inserted one at a time.

The view was acceptable with a 3.5x scope. Accuracy was provided using an aiming hemp, as well as an aiming thread perpendicular to it.

The shutter handle was modernized, which was extended and bent down so that when reloading the shutter handle did not rest against the sight. For this reason, the rifle was loaded only with single cartridges, since the clip was no longer able to be inserted into the grooves. The rifle also has mounts for telescopic sights. The trigger sensitivity was reduced from 2.4 to 2 kg. The sniper rifle did not involve the use of a bayonet. Its trunk narrowed at the exit cut by 2-3% (the so-called "choke"). The bullet in such a barrel was better centered and there was no flight, but the “spitting out” of the bullet.

Rifle specifications:

• caliber 7.62 mm;
• weight 4.27 kg;
• muzzle velocity 865 m / s;
• length 1230 mm;
• magazine capacity 5 rounds;
• sighting range 1300-2000 m;
• rate of fire 10 rounds per minute;
• loading type manual.

Sight characteristics:

• magnification 3.5 times;
• exit pupil diameter 6 mm;
• field of view 4 ° 30 ′;
• the distance of the exit pupil from the surface of the eyepiece lens is 72 mm;
• resolving power 17 ″;
• sight length 169 mm;
• sight weight 0.270 kg.

Advantages and disadvantages of the rifle

For decades, the Mosin rifle was praised by Soviet propaganda as the best weapon that surpassed other samples of its class. But it must be admitted that she was not perfect in every way.

Rifle advantages:

1. cheap and easy to manufacture, maintain;
2. accessible to poorly trained and illiterate soldiers;
3. durable and reliable;
4. had good ballistic qualities for its time.

Disadvantages of the rifle:

1. an outdated bayonet constantly attached to the rifle;
2. the horizontal bolt handle was not very convenient when reloading and carrying weapons;
3. the bolt handle is far from the butt neck - it contributed to knocking down the sight and slowed down reloading.

In general, the Mosin rifle is a typical example of the Russian weapon idea, when ergonomics and ease of use were sacrificed to ease of use and production, reliability and low cost.

Mosin rifle video

Mosin sniper rifle shooting

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.

Perhaps the most talked about sniper rifle in the post-Soviet space is the Dragunov sniper rifle. Some absolutely fantastic stories are constantly gathering around this weapon, while there are also those who say that this weapon has long been outdated and has no place in the modern army.

Those who are personally familiar with this rifle, or at least just with firearms, usually look at such disputes and discussions with a smile, because the intensity of passions due to very controversial statements is not at all funny. Let's try to get to know more closely such a rifle as the SVD and figure out what exactly this weapon is.

The history of the creation of the Dragunov sniper rifle

It is most correct to start acquaintance with the weapon with the history of its appearance, and not with the tactical and technical characteristics. As you know, in the 30s of the last century, special attention was paid to the training of the population. This approach helped not only to obtain a huge number of trained shooters, which only had a positive effect during the Great Patriotic War, but also to develop a number of requirements for new types of weapons.

As it turned out, for medium distances, the effect of the weapon's automation is minimal, which means that the shooter can make much more aimed shots in the same time. This fact was confirmed in the course of hostilities. Therefore, it is not surprising that a self-loading rifle of increased accuracy is an actual weapon both for that time and for the modern army.

SVD did not appear from scratch. Perhaps for some it will be a secret, but almost all weapons in the Soviet Union were not produced at the initiative of any individual designer or group of gunsmiths. Almost every serial sample is not only the result of the work of many people, but also the result of a rather tough competition, in which several designs took part at once, sometimes even fundamentally different from each other. That is, we can safely say that only the best weapons were accepted for service, in terms of the totality of their characteristics and labor costs in production.

But frankly speaking, very often really interesting projects did not get a "start in life" precisely because of their complexity, although their characteristics in some cases were higher than those of the winners of the competition.

In 1958, the basic requirements for the new weapon were drawn up, according to which the groups of designers had to create a sample and demonstrate its capabilities. It is necessary to make a digression and explain what everyone usually forgets about. Almost never only one person works on a weapon - this is the totality of the work of many specialists and the fact that the Dragunov rifle bears his name means that it was this person who led the project and was the initiator of the main idea. However, besides him, other designers also worked on the weapon, thanks to which these ideas were implemented in metal in the shortest possible time.

Three design groups can be distinguished among the participants in the competition. As we already know, the winner of the competition was represented by Izhevsk Plant No. 74. Its main competitors were Simonov and Konstantinov, representing the Klimovsky OKB-180 and Kovrovsky OKB-575.

If we briefly talk about what the rifles of other gunsmiths were like, then the option proposed by Simonov was based on automation with the removal of powder gases from the barrel bore and locking by a skewed bolt. A variant of the Konstantinov rifle, it worked all according to the same automation scheme with the removal of powder gases from the barrel bore and locking when the bolt was turned.

We will not go into details, although they hide the very essence, but for a complete overview of the weapons that participated in the competition, at least a separate article is required. We will confine ourselves only to the fact that the Simonov rifle dropped out due to a large number of delays in firing, and the Konstantinov rifle showed itself worse when used in adverse conditions.

As a result of the competition, in 1963, the Dragunov sniper rifle was adopted by the Soviet army.

Rifle design features

If we talk about any features of the Dragunov rifle that have not been used anywhere else, then there are none. But this does not mean that the weapon becomes uninteresting from this. First of all, it is necessary to dispel the myth that the SVD and the Kalashnikov assault rifle are almost identical weapons.

Yes, indeed, both devices work according to the same automation scheme, but it is important to pay attention to the little things, which in this case have a significant impact on the final characteristics of the weapon. The weapon's automation is built according to a scheme with the removal of a part of the powder gases from the bore, which act on the piston, and its movement is transmitted to the bolt carrier.

If you pay attention to high-precision rifles, then you will not find a single self-loading model among them. This is explained precisely by the fact that the automation one way or another, but will affect the result of the shooting. Of course, there are attempts to create high-precision self-loading weapons, but this is more a demonstration of the manufacturer's capabilities, and not really working samples, since such designs are either overly complex or simply short-lived.

Now let's look at the SVD bolt group. It is easy to see that the piston interacts with the bolt carrier through the pusher, and the latter is not connected to the bolt carrier. In other words, only the bolt carrier carries out a full stroke, without additional mass of parts, which means that the mass of moving parts is less.

Another interesting design feature, or rather, not even a feature, but an interesting fact is the step of the rifling in the barrel of the Dragunov rifle. Initially, the rifling pitch was 320 millimeters, which ensured a fairly high accuracy of fire. So, at a distance of 300 meters, when using 7N1 ammunition, the hits fit into a circle of 12 centimeters. However, at the same time, the accuracy when firing with armor-piercing incendiary cartridges left much to be desired. As a result, the rifling pitch changed from 320 to 240 millimeters. This led to the fact that even with the use of "sniper" cartridges, accuracy deteriorated sharply, but it increased with the use of armor-piercing incendiary ammunition. The rifling pitch was changed in 1975, which is why you can often hear that the first rifles were completely different, and uneven to the current ones.

Principle of operation

Perhaps a description of the operation of weapon automation will be useful for someone.

After the magazine with ammunition is inserted into the weapon, when the bolt group moves back, the trigger is cocked, and when the bolt group returns to the forward position, the first cartridge is removed from the magazine and fed into the chamber. The bolt carrier, pushed by the return spring, reaches its extreme forward point, while the bolt rests against the breech of the barrel, and the bolt carrier continues to move. With the interaction of the figured cutout and the stitch in the bolt carrier and the bolt body, the latter rotates and the barrel bore is locked.

At the moment the trigger is pressed, the hammer breaks down, which strikes the drummer. The striker, in turn, deforms the cartridge primer. The initiating composition of the capsule ignites, from which the process of combustion of gunpowder begins. When the powder burns, a fairly large amount of powder gases are formed, which build up pressure in the sleeve, and after the bullet leaves it, in the barrel.

Since the only moving part in the entire system is only a bullet, powder gases push it along the entire length of the barrel, constantly increasing its speed. As soon as the bullet passes the section of the barrel to the holes for the outlet of the propellant gases, part of the propellant gases begins to act on the gas piston. The piston through the pusher activates the bolt carrier, which begins to move back and first turns the bolt, unlocking the barrel bore, and then rolls back, removing the spent cartridge case and cocking the hammer. Upon returning the bolt carrier forward, when the trigger is pressed, the whole process is repeated.

Tactical and technical characteristics

If we talk in numbers about the SVD, then its technical characteristics are as follows:

If we turn to the manual on shooting, then the effective range of the weapon is as follows: 350 meters for the head figure, 430 meters for the chest figure, and 640 meters for a growth-oriented moving target with a height of one and a half meters.

As you can see, there can be no question of any kilometers. Yes, open sights are graduated up to 1200 meters, yes, the scope allows you to fire up to 1300 meters. However, firing and hitting are two different concepts.

But if we talk about absolute records, there is one for SVD. In particular, the enemy was hit at a distance of 1350 meters. Such a hit was due not only to the skills of the shooter, favorable conditions at the time of the shot, but also banal luck. No one else was able to repeat something similar from the Dragunov sniper rifle. But with all this, one cannot say that the SVD's performance characteristics do not meet current requirements.

Advantages and disadvantages of SVD

In order to reason, a good weapon or a bad one, you first need to understand the goals and objectives of the rifle. For some reason, a sniper in the minds of an ordinary person is the same shooter who is located at a distance of almost a kilometer from his target and is waiting for a convenient moment. But, firstly, the sniper crew consists of two people, and secondly, the tasks for the shooter are different. Like the shooters themselves, the weapons for them are also different.

SVD has never been a precision weapon, and it is at least not entirely smart to consider it in such a context. This rifle was designed as a weapon for marksmen, to support the company, and not for shooting at many hundreds of meters with a pretty penny hit. Actually, it is for this reason that the rifle is self-loading, and not with manual reloading.

The main advantage of the Dragunov sniper rifle is its ease of use and high reliability in adverse conditions. The low cost of production in comparison with analogs also plays a significant role.

The disadvantage of this weapon is usually called the cartridge. At the same time, there are different opinions: someone does not like the caliber of a cartridge for the SVD of 7.62 mm, someone does not like the presence of a rim. Nevertheless, the only drawback of this ammunition is its obsolescence. But he, as before, fully copes with the tasks set, and, to be objective, does not require replacement.

Ammunition and equipment

As mentioned above, the Dragunov sniper rifle is powered by 7.62x54 ammunition, and the entire range of these cartridges can be used. Complete with SVD optical sight PSO-1 and its derivatives. For firing in the dark, the NSPU-3 or NSPUM night vision sight can be installed. But this does not mean that the weapon can only be equipped with these sights. Separately, it should be noted that the rifle is equipped with a bayonet-knife, which again subtly hints at the scope of its application.

SVD modifications

At the end of the article, we will briefly describe those weapon modifications that have appeared in more than half a century, and there are not so few of them:

• TSV-1. In fact, this rifle is nothing like the SVD. The only thing they have in common is the look and layout of the controls. It was developed for initial training in shooting and handling weapons, it is powered by the .22LR cartridge;
• SVDK. In contrast to the small-caliber version, you can bring a large-caliber rifle chambered for 9.3x64. The design is completely similar to the SVD, with some differences due to the use of a larger and more powerful ammunition. It was developed for confident destruction of targets protected by personal body armor;
• IED. Despite the fact that the weapon outwardly completely differs from the original version of the rifle, in fact, it is still the same SVD, but in a bullpup layout. The designers managed to fully preserve the interchangeability of not only individual parts, but also weapon assemblies;
• SIDS. A variant of the rifle in the classic design, but with a side-folding butt and a shortened barrel. It was developed for the airborne troops in 1991;
• SVDM. The modernized version of the weapon, however, the modernization included only the mounting bar on the receiver and removable bipods, in all other respects it is the same SVD.

As you can see, for all the time, no significant changes have been made to the design of the weapon, which again indicates that the weapon is not yet outdated and is quite capable of performing the tasks assigned to it.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.

The sniper rifles, developed as part of the Precision R&D work, are ready for serial deliveries. This, as reported by TASS, said the head of the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering (TSNIITOCHMASH) Dmitry Semizorov.

“The rifles have passed state tests successfully. The work of the interdepartmental commission has already been completed, letters have already been assigned, "Semizorov said, adding that the first delivery will be carried out for the needs of the Federal Security Service (FSO). “We already have the first order, the first batch is small. It will go into military operation in the FSO, and we are already working out serial deliveries, ”said the head of TsNIITOCHMASH. The modification of the T-5000 sniper rifle, the ORSIS-375CT, has a range increased to two kilometers, said Vladimir Zlobin, general director of the company that developed this weapon, ORSIS ("Promtechnology").

Rogozin responded to criticism of the Accuracy sniper rifle

Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin on his Twitter has already pointed out the inaccuracy of the data of the military expert Andrei Soyustov, who doubted the readiness of the Tochnost sniper complex for mass production. Earlier, Soyustov stated that foreign components were used in the production of the rifle. “Since we are preparing this for serial production, we must get around with import substitution, because we have problems with this. I do not quite believe that this complex is ready for serial production, ”the expert said.

The rifle was created in two versions - for the Ministry of Defense and the FSO. The development of the rifle was first reported at the end of 2013. Accuracy was presented at the Army-2015 forum. Then Semizorov said that the new weapon has a new caliber of 7.62 × 51 millimeters for Russia and was created at the Orsis enterprise. Preliminary tests for the military took place in 2017-2018.

Precision Sniper Rifle vs. ORSIS Т-5000

On the development of a new sniper complex called "Accuracy" became known back in 2013.

Five enterprises were involved in the work on it. TsNIITOCHMASH... The final version of the weapon is offered in two calibers unique to Russia: 7.62x51 mm (NATO cartridge) and 8.6x69 mm (Lapua Magnum). Effective range of destruction of the rifle up to one and a half kilometers.

The reason for the manufacture of weapons in two versions of calibers was the peculiarities of bullet ballistics. For example, achieving maximum accuracy at a distance of up to 500 meters is possible with a 7.62x51 mm caliber, and for the most effective destruction of targets at distances of more than 500 m, the most suitable caliber is 8.6x70 mm.

In turn, the rifle ORSIS Т-5000 with manual reloading is produced at the ORSIS plant of the concern "Promtechnologii" in Moscow and is known in military circles as the "Russian terminator".

The rifle is available in three calibers: 7.62 x 67 mm (Winchester Magnum) 7.62 x 51 mm (Winchester) 8.6 x 70 mm (Lapua Magnum).

The barrel material is 416R stainless steel, and the rifling in the barrel is made by the single cut method, which is the most accurate today.

The material of the main parts, including the T-5000 trigger mechanism, is stainless steel.

The rifle stock is made of D16T aluminum alloy, which is not inferior in strength to steel, but at the same time it is lighter. In addition, it is not affected by temperature changes, for example, when the rifle is taken out of a warm room to the cold. By the way, during the tests, the T-5000 was fired in 73 degrees of frost, and such a low temperature did not in any way affect the accuracy of the shooting.

The use of a new four-chamber muzzle brake-compensator significantly reduces recoil when fired. The bipod of the rifle is attached to the forend console, on which the Picatinny rail is located. Also, the rifle is equipped with an adjustable folding stock, a three-position fuse and a detachable box magazine for 5 or 10 rounds. The mass of the T-5000, depending on the caliber, is from 6.1 to 6.5 kg, and the length in the unfolded state is from 1060 to 1270 mm.

The barrel resource can withstand 5,000 rounds of 7.62x51 (Winchester) caliber without compromising accuracy. Also, there was no deterioration in this indicator with 2000 shots with a more powerful 8.6 × 70 mm cartridge (Lapua Magnum).

A rifle is called a sniper rifle if its accuracy is less than an arc-minute. For the T-5000, this figure is half an angular minute (with a firing distance of 800 meters, the spread of hits is no more than 11 cm). Without preliminary zeroing, in any weather and at any time of the day or night, the T-5000 hits a target at a distance of up to 1650 m.In the future, the modernized version will increase this distance to 2000 m.

It is believed that Accuracy will eventually have to replace the T-5000, as well as foreign high-precision sniper rifles that are in service today, for example, British Accuracy International and Sako TRG as well as Austrian Steyr-Mannlicher SSG 04... But, most likely, this sniper complex will complement the "Russian terminator", allowing to effectively carry out the entire range of tasks facing the Russian special forces.

Watch the video

The performance characteristics of the "ACCURACY" ORSIS T-5000 sniper rifle

ORSIS T-5000(from Russian. weapon systems ; also ORSIS T-5000) is a high-precision magazine-type sniper rifle with a sliding bolt. Produced by the ORSIS weapons plant of the Promtechnologii industrial group, located in Moscow. The rifle was presented in 2011 at the international Russian arms exhibition in Nizhny Tagil. These rifles can be used by both special law enforcement units and specially trained army snipers.

At the beginning of June 2012, the team of Directorate "A" of the Central Security Service of the FSB won the international competition of police and army snipers (eng. Police & military sniper world cup ) using T-5000 rifles. In September 2012, the rifle was tested as part of the "Ratnik" equipment set for the ground forces.

Design sniper rifle

The design of the T-5000 is based on the original stainless steel bolt group. The shutter is longitudinally sliding, rotary. The barrel and trigger mechanism of the rifle are also made of stainless steel. The T-5000 is equipped with an ORSIS SE barrel obtained by the single-cut method. The accuracy of the barrel is about 0.002 mm. Barrel length 27.5 inches (698.5 mm), muzzle diameter 22 mm. On the barrel, valleys are made to reduce the cooling time of the barrel and to reduce the weight of the weapon as a whole. The muzzle of the barrel has a thread for attaching a muzzle brake-compensator or other muzzle devices (equipped with a three-chamber muzzle brake-compensator ORSIS).

Aluminum alloy stock, ergonomic pistol grip, adjustable stock, folding stock mechanism made of steel with a magnetic lock in the folded position. Depending on the version of the trigger mechanism, the trigger force can be smoothly adjusted ("Hunter" - allows you to adjust the free travel and force from 900 to 1500 grams; "Varmint" - from 500 to 900 grams). A three-position safety catch is made at the rear of the shutter and, if necessary, allows manipulating the shutter with the safety on, or completely blocking the trigger and the shutter. The rifle is equipped with a Picatinny rail type rail for mounting an optical sight and a rail for installing a pre-objective attachment.

Optical sights for rifles are supplied by Daedalus. Cartridges are fed from detachable box magazines with a capacity of 5 and 10 rounds. Length adjustable folding buttstock. A height-adjustable cheek pad is installed on the butt.

Purpose and performance characteristics sniper rifle

The performance characteristics of the ORSIS T-5000 rifle allow it to hit targets at any time of the day or night, in any weather conditions, without preliminary zeroing and technical training at distances up to 1650 meters. ORSIS rifles demonstrated an accuracy of fire at a level not exceeding 0.5 arc minutes (11 cm at 800 m).

The T-5000 is superior in range and accuracy to the Austrian SSG 08 rifle (purchased for anti-terrorist and GRU snipers) and the Russian SV-98. The upgraded version of the T-5000M in the future will allow firing at a distance of up to 2000 m.

ORSIS T-5000

There is an opinion ...

Sniper complex "Accuracy" hits "abroad"

TsNIITOCHMASH General Director Dmitry Semizorov announced that the tests of the sniper rifle with the self-explanatory name "Accuracy" for the Russian Ministry of Defense have been postponed to 2017. The situation is rather unusual.

The rifle is not only ready and demonstrating excellent performance, but also its version for the Federal Guard Service has successfully passed state tests. It is expected that in the near future a government decree on the adoption of "Accuracy" into service with the FSO will be signed.

The postponement of the tests predetermined that much more rifles are required for the Ministry of Defense than for the FSO.

And therefore, the issue of mass production of weapons is extremely relevant. And here Accuracy has a weak point - partly it is made from imported materials ... Therefore, the Ministry of Defense was forced to retroactively make changes to the TK in terms of the technology for manufacturing the product. Since the TK was issued even before the anti-Russian sanctions were introduced.

The Accuracy sniper rifle is an atypical product for the domestic defense industry.

Because it is developed and manufactured in the private company Promtechnologii. The company was registered in Moscow in 2011. And initially it was focused on the manufacture of only civilian products - hunting rifles and sporting rifles. With her weapon, for example, the Russian national biathlon team competed at one time. Soon, the T-5000 combat sniper rifle was created. All "Promtechnologii" weapons are manufactured under the ORSIS brand. What does "ORUGE SYSTEMS" mean.

"Promtechnologii" is a dwarf enterprise

in comparison with such monsters of the arms industry as the Kalashnikov concern, the Tula Machine Building Design Bureau, the Kovrov Plant named after Degtyareva. It employs only 150 people - designers, machine operators, and managers. However, the intellectual potential is not limited to the designers of Promtechnology alone. The company maintains partnerships with a number of research institutes and technical universities, which, on a contractual basis, conduct scientific research and take part in design work.

At the very beginning, the post of Deputy General Director of Promtekhnologii was held by Alexey Rogozin, the son of the Deputy Prime Minister of Russia for the defense industry. This largely explains the fact that a private firm was admitted to the "holy of holies" - one of the companies admitted to the fight for defense orders.

However, under Rogozin Jr., the company only managed to register and "get on its feet." After a year and a half, he went for a promotion.

The T-5000 belongs to a different class of weapons than the SVD

At the beginning of 2012, when information appeared that the T-5000 rifle claims to be used as a sniper weapon in the Russian army, the headlines flashed in the most nimble and least competent media: "Rogozin Jr.'s rifle will replace the Dragunov sniper rifle in the army." The fact is that Promtekhnologii's ambitions are much more modest, and the T-5000 belongs to a different class of weapons than the SVD. And there can be no substitute for this, even theoretically.

SVD is a mass weapon with automatic reloading.

This rifle has less range and less accuracy. SVD is used by snipers with basic training and low experience. T-500 is a high-precision sniper system. This rifle does not have any automatic equipment; reloading is carried out manually. Due to the fact that precision technologies are used in the manufacture, the weapon has a significantly higher quality. So, when cutting the barrel of a mass weapon, even a sniper, several passes of the cutter are made. The barrel of the T-5000 is cut in one pass. There is a certain difference in the quality of the materials used - steel for the barrel and for the mechanisms of the rifle.

There cannot be a lot of high-precision weapons in a regular army, even for economic reasons. Because it is very expensive in comparison with weapons that are massively used in the army. On sale there is a civilian model ORTIS SE T-1500, the cost of which is about 200 thousand rubles.

Combat conditions are different from those that exist in the dash

A number of rifles in 2013 were transferred to the Ministry of Defense for trial operation. With the accumulation of remarks from the military, the designers of "Promtekhnologii" adjusted their weapons. The main comments were made about the "greenhouse" operating conditions. Because the combat conditions are different from those that exist in the shooting range. In parallel, work was carried out to improve the shooting qualities, although there were no comments on this part. As a result, a modernized rifle was born, which was named "Accuracy". It is clear that this is a working title that does not fit into the army tradition of assigning abbreviations to small arms.

While the T-5000 has a firing range of 1,650 meters, the new model has increased it to 2,000 meters. One of the main advantages is the highest accuracy. The maximum deflection of bullets when firing in the absence of wind for the T-5000 is less than half an angular minute, which, as you know, is equal to sixtieth of a degree. That is, in a series of 3-5 shots, all bullets are in a circle with a diameter of 1.3 centimeters for every 100 meters of distance. Accordingly, at a distance of 1000 meters, the spread will be about 13 centimeters. The modified rifle has even higher accuracy.

Shooting accuracy is also impressive, which is due to the extremely low manufacturing tolerances of the barrel, literally in microns. As well as low recoil and minimal effort required to pull the trigger. At the same time, the sight supplied to Promtekhnologii by Daedalus provides shooting at any time of the day in any weather conditions.

The designers of "Promtechnologii" adhere to conservative views on the scheme of the rifle. It is a classic, bolt action sniper rifle. General Director of the company Alexander Fedotov argues that the classical scheme is far from exhausted and does not require any original innovations. The quality of shooting should be increased by introducing new technologies - increasing the accuracy of machining, using materials of the highest quality. At the same time, several machines used in the manufacture of weapons were independently created by the company. These include, for example, a barrel-cutting machine.

Of course, in order to facilitate the sniper's work, the weapon must be individualized as much as possible - that is, it should be possible to "adjust" it to the shooter.

The ORTIS rifle has many adjustments, both in terms of geometry and force applied by a sniper.

The rifle is designed for three different cartridges: 7.62 × 51 mm (.308 Winchester), 7.62 × 67 mm (.300 Winchester Magnum) and 8.6 × 70 mm (.338 Lapua Magnum). Barrel length, depending on the cartridge used: 508/671 / 698.5 mm. Rifle length in unfolded state: 1270/1060/1230 mm. Weight: 6.1 / 6.3 / 6.5 kg. Magazine for 5 and 10 rounds. Data on the modernized rifle, named "Accuracy", are not reported. But, undoubtedly, if they differ, it will be insignificant.

The T-5000 has already demonstrated itself in the sniper business. With her help, Russian teams of snipers from various law enforcement agencies won international competitions.

If the new rifle is put into service, it will not replace the SVD, but a weapon similar in purpose and capabilities.

In particular, "Promtekhnologii" is targeting the Steyr-Mannlicher SSG-08 sniper rifles with manual reloading bolt with a NATO cartridge 7.62 × 51 mm, purchased in Austria. This rifle has worse range and accuracy than the T-5000. Also in the special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB "registered" Finnish sniper rifle Sako TRG-22, which with excess characteristics will be replaced by "Accuracy".

Sako TRG sniper rifle

Sniper rifle Steyr-Mannlicher SSG of various modifications

According to experts, the T-5000 is not inferior to the best foreign models, and in some ways is significantly superior to them.

So, the British company Accuracy International, considered the trendsetter in sniper fashion, produces a rifle of the same scheme with a sliding bolt L96A1, which has a maximum firing range with the most powerful cartridge, equal to 1500 meters. At the same time, the accuracy of 7.62 mm cartridges is excellent - 0.4 arc minutes. But with powerful cartridges, it rises to 0.7 minutes. The T-5000 takes 0.5 minutes. But at the same time, the British rifle costs much more - from 12 to 20 thousand dollars, depending on the modification.

And in conclusion, it is necessary to explain why the general director of NIITOCHMASH comments on the situation with the “alien” rifle. The fact is that NIITOCHMASH is the lead developer of the equipment for the "Ratnik" serviceman. In addition to a suit, body armor, shoes, the equipment includes various technical devices, as well as various types of weapons. Moreover, this is not only an individual weapon, but also an "elite" one, unique to large units.

2018-09-27T07: 57: 26 + 05: 00 kreg_74Defense of the Fatherlandarmy, weapons, watch videos, special forces, special services"Tochnost" sniper rifle for anti-terror groups, FSB and FSOSniper rifles, developed as part of the "Tochnost" development work, are ready for serial deliveries. This, as reported by TASS, said the head of the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering (TSNIITOCHMASH) Dmitry Semizorov. “The rifles have passed state tests successfully. The work of the interdepartmental commission has already been completed, the letters have already been assigned, "- said Semizorov, ...kreg_74 Evgeny Krasnoperov kreg_74 [email protected] Author In the middle of Russia