The project's scientific team has been studying the processes of interaction of optical radiation with matter for many years in order to build high-precision quantum frequency standards and gyroscopes. This project is one of the branches of research in the field of optical pumping of alkali atoms, previously carried out by members of our research team. The team's earlier work focused on detailed physical analysis of the influence of various factors affecting the operation of quantum frequency standards and angular velocity sensors based on nuclear magnetic resonance. Thus, we have studied in detail the influence of the movement of atoms and their collision with the surfaces of an optically thin cell on the shape of the resonance of coherent population trapping and double radio-optical resonance in the case of cells with a coating (without a buffer gas).
The team has a background concerning the study of radiation transfer in optically dense media, including those in nonequilibrium internal states, for example, aligned or polarized in angular momentum, as well as under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. The team also has a number of works on studying the effect of coherent population trapping in the case of zone pumping, where they were able to demonstrate ways to narrow the resonance of coherent population trapping.
The team of performers has extensive experience in developing algorithms and software for scientific calculations on supercomputer and cloud systems. The team has developed approaches to organizing scientific calculations, creating new algorithms for data processing and modeling on supercomputer equipment as part of the project “Development of mathematical models and software for core modeling using molecular dynamics methods using a supercomputer.”
The carried out cycle of work by the team has made it possible to significantly advance in the understanding and development of small-sized high-precision quantum frequency standards, quantum magnetometers operating on the basis of optical pumping, as well as to create an initial basis for understanding the physical processes occurring in a gas cell with alkali atoms and noble gases that form the basis of the work angular speed sensor.
G. Kazakov, B. Matisov, A. Litvinov, I. Mazets. "Coherent population trapping in a finite-size buffer-less cell", J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 40, 3851 (2007)
A. Litvinov, G. Kazakov, B. Matisov, I. Mazets. "Double radio-optical resonance in 87Rb atomic vapors in a finite-size buffer-less cell", J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41, 125401 (2008)
A. Litvinov, G. Kazakov, B. Matisov. "Electromagnetically induced transparency in nanocells", J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42, 165402 (2009)
E. Breschi, G. Kazakov, C. Schori, G. Di Domenico, G. Mileti, A. Litvinov, B. Matisov. "Light effects in the atomic-motion-induced Ramsey narrowing of dark resonances in wall coated cells", Phys.Rev.A 82, 063810 (2010)
K.A. Barantsev, A.N. Litvinov, “Spatial quasi-periodic oscillations of the refractive index in an optically dense medium with a closed excitation circuit,” JETP, vol. 145, v.3, pp. 1-11 (2014)
A.N.Litvinov, K.A. Barantsev "Control of the index of refraction in optically dense medium" // Journal of Physics: Conference Series V.478, 012008 (2013)
G.A. Kazakov, A.N. Litvinov, B.G. Matisov. “Narrowing of the resonance of coherent population trapping during zone pumping in cells with different wall coating characteristics” // Quantum Electronics 42, 185 (2012)
G. A. Kazakov, A. N. Litvinov, B. G. Matisov, V. I. Romanenko, L. P. Yatsenko and A. V. Romanenko. "Influence of the atomic-wall collision elasticity on the coherent population trapping resonance shape" // Journal of Physics B 44, 235401 (2011)
The Government of the Russian Federation decides:
Appendix No. 1
to providing
part of the creation costs
priority production
electronic components and
radio-electronic equipment
Methodology
determining the rating of applications submitted by Russian organizations for a competition for the right to receive subsidies from the federal budget to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and radio-electronic equipment
1. This methodology determines the rating of applications submitted by Russian organizations for a competition for the right to receive subsidies from the federal budget to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and electronic equipment (hereinafter referred to as organizations, competition, subsidy ), based on the criteria provided for by the Rules for the provision of subsidies from the federal budget to Russian organizations to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and radio-electronic equipment, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 17, 2016 No. 109 " On approval of the Rules for the provision of subsidies from the federal budget to Russian organizations to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and radio-electronic equipment."
The share of the rating awarded to the i-th application according to the criterion relating to the number of newly created and modernized high-tech jobs as part of the implementation of a comprehensive project, the significance of which is 10 percent;
The share of the rating awarded to the i-th application according to the criterion relating to the ratio of the size of the subsidy and the amount of borrowed and (or) own funds planned to be attracted for the implementation of a complex project, the significance of which is 20 percent;
,
Proposal of the i-th participant in the competition on the volume of sales of import-substituting or innovative products that will be created during the implementation of a comprehensive project (million rubles);
Minimum volume of sales of import-substituting or innovative products that will be created during the implementation of a comprehensive project established in the competition documentation (million rubles);
The maximum volume of sales of import-substituting or innovative products that will be created during the implementation of a complex project declared by one of the competition participants (million rubles).
,
Proposal of the i-th participant in the competition for the number of high-tech jobs created and modernized (pieces);
The minimum number of created and modernized high-tech jobs established in the competition documentation (pieces);
The maximum number of high-tech jobs created and modernized, declared by one of the competition participants (pieces).
5. The rating awarded to the i-th application according to the criterion relating to the ratio of the amount of the subsidy and the amount of borrowed and (or) own funds planned to be raised for the implementation of a complex project () is determined by the formula:
,
Proposal of the i-th participant in the competition on the ratio of the amount of the subsidy and the amount of borrowed and (or) own funds planned to be attracted for the implementation of a complex project;
The initial (maximum) size of the ratio of the size of the subsidy and the amount of borrowed and (or) own funds planned to be attracted for the implementation of a complex project, established in the competition documentation.
Proposal of the i-th participant in the competition for the number of patents and (or) production secrets (know-how) received (pieces);
The maximum number of received patents and (or) production secrets (know-how), declared by one of the competition participants (pieces).
,
Proposal of the i-th participant in the competition regarding the implementation period of the complex project (months);
The initial (maximum) period for the implementation of a complex project, established in the competition documentation (months).
Proposal of the i-th participant in the competition regarding experience in implementing a similar complex project (pieces);
The largest number of similar works completed, declared by one of the competition participants (pieces).
Proposal of the i-th participant in the competition for the volume of product exports (thousand US dollars);
The largest volume of product exports declared by one of the competition participants (thousand US dollars).
Appendix No. 2
to providing
from the federal budget subsidies
Russian organizations for compensation
part of the creation costs
scientific and technical groundwork for
development of basic technologies
priority production
electronic components and
radio-electronic equipment
Calculation
the amount of penalties applied to Russian organizations that received subsidies from the federal budget to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and radio-electronic equipment
1. The amount of penalties (thousand rubles) (A) is determined by the formula:
,
The achieved value of the i-th indicator (indicator) of the effectiveness of the implementation of the complex project specified in the subsidy agreement, as of the expiration date of the implementation of the complex project;
The planned value of the i-th indicator (indicator) of the effectiveness of the implementation of a complex project specified in the subsidy agreement;
The share of the application rating determined in accordance with the Rules for the provision of subsidies from the federal budget to Russian organizations to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and radio-electronic equipment, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on February 17, 2016. No. 109 “On approval of the Rules for the provision of subsidies from the federal budget to Russian organizations to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and radio-electronic equipment”, according to the corresponding i-th indicator;
V - the amount of federal budget funds used by the organization as part of the implementation of a complex project at the end of the implementation period of such a project (thousand rubles).
2. The amount of penalties is proportional to the degree of non-achievement of indicators (indicators) of the effectiveness of the implementation of a complex project within the framework of the subprograms of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of the electronic and radio-electronic industry for 2013 - 2025", specified in the subsidy agreement.
Document overview
Russian organizations of the electronic and radio-electronic industry are provided with subsidies from the federal budget to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and radio-electric equipment. We are talking about the costs of paying for work under R&D contracts in connection with the implementation of a complex project, for the production of prototypes, mock-ups and stands, the production of a pilot series of products and its testing, certification and (or) registration, etc.
The procedure for allocating funds has been established.
Subsidies are provided within the framework of subprograms of the Russian state program for the development of the electronic and radio-electronic industry for 2013-2025. Funds are allocated to organizations that have passed a competitive selection for complex projects whose implementation period does not exceed 5 years. In this case, the total cost of the project and the maximum annual subsidy amount for subprograms are as follows. For telecommunications equipment - up to 1.5 billion rubles. and no more than 300 million rubles, for computer equipment - up to 2.5 and no more than 400, for special technological equipment - up to 2 and no more than 300, for intelligent control systems - up to 1 billion rubles. and no more than 200 million rubles.
The competitive selection of projects is carried out in 2 stages. The first is a scientific and technical assessment of projects by an expert council created by the Russian Ministry of Industry and Trade. The second is the assessment of projects that have passed scientific and technical examination by the Ministry's competition commission according to a number of criteria. The main ones are the volume of production and sales of import-substituting or innovative products, the number of newly created high-tech jobs, the number of patents and (or) production secrets (know-how), the implementation period of a complex project and the volume of exports of created products.
In advanced Western countries, the birth of new technologies, discoveries and weapons occurs at the intersection of sciences, which requires a systematic approach to organizing this process. In Russia, as we know, the Soviet supply has dried up. How successful is new basic research? How is the interaction between the military department and the Russian Academy of Sciences organized? Deputy Minister of Defense Yuri Borisov answered these and other questions from VPK.
– Yuri Ivanovich, the 21st century means new non-traditional types of weapons and military equipment. How are their creation going? How well does our weapons system generally meet the current challenges?
– In accordance with the tasks set for the Ministry of Defense by the President of the Russian Federation, the development of the weapons system is largely focused on the creation of qualitatively new, including non-traditional types of weapons (high-precision, laser, radio frequency, kinetic, hypersonic, robotic, information), the development of which is largely determined by the presence of an integral scientific and technical basis (STP).
Let me explain that in general, NTZ is a set of results of fundamental, forecast and exploratory research, applied and technological research and development work (R&D), carried out in the interests of modernizing existing ones, creating and producing fundamentally new types of weapons, military and special technology (VVST).
For each planning horizon for the development of military equipment, it is necessary to ensure advanced training of scientific and technical knowledge in key scientific areas and technologies, on the basis of which fundamentally new types of equipment or subsequent generations of means of armed warfare can be created in the interests of ensuring state security. At the same time, we should proceed from the fact that the development of military equipment (transition to a new qualitative level) is possible only through the selection for subsequent implementation of scientific and technical achievements that meet a set of conditions and criteria both in terms of requirements from the Ministry of Defense and in terms of their level of readiness for implementation in development work.
– Today, science is managed, figuratively speaking, by the Ministry of Finance, which determines how much money to allocate and for what. And there they want to get the maximum return in a short time. But this does not happen in fundamental science. How is this contradiction resolved, how can planning miscalculations be avoided?
– Due to the fact that the cost of work at each subsequent stage of the life cycle of military and military equipment increases by approximately an order of magnitude, the accumulation of scientific and technical results in the early stages of development of military and military equipment is always preferable than at later stages. This is due to the fact that, on the one hand, abandoning the implementation of ineffective projects in the early stages is less expensive, and on the other hand, the results of these stages have a higher potential for wide (universal) use than scientific and technical solutions obtained later.
Unfortunately, despite the accumulated statistics, both here and in other militarily leading countries, many leaders do not understand this and demand immediate results from researchers, which in 5–10 years negatively affects the capabilities of the scientific and technological complex. And there are plenty of such examples from the world experience of developing air and military equipment. In the future, this places a burden on the state’s military budget, becomes a long-term construction project, and in the end, in those initially laid down circuit design solutions, it loses its relevance for performing combat missions. There are similar mistakes in planning in our history.
To avoid such cases, the Ministry of Defense has built an integral system that ensures the interaction of military command and control bodies with government institutions responsible for each stage of the life cycle of a military and military equipment model. Of course, the Russian Academy of Sciences occupies a special place. Institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences, including scientific schools that have been created for decades and have stable connections with enterprises in high-tech sectors of the economy, are directly involved in making forecasts, substantiating promising directions, as well as in obtaining new knowledge, the birth of breakthrough technologies, which later become the basis for the creation of advanced weapons .
– For better coordination of fundamental and applied research in the field of defense, a cooperation agreement was concluded in 2015 between your department, the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations and the Russian Academy of Sciences. What does this give?
– The agreement provides for the following forms of interaction:
- creation of joint virtual laboratories to carry out defense-related research and development work, using the experimental base and other resources available to the parties, in the interests of producing weapons on new principles, testing them and creating conditions for effective implementation;
- conducting research at testing centers and testing grounds of the Ministry of Defense, including providing samples of military equipment and property for scientific work of a defense nature;
- participation in the development of documents for analytical and program-targeted support of the State Armament Program;
- preparation of proposals for GPV and state defense procurement projects in terms of fundamental, forecasting, exploratory and applied research;
- examination of scientific and technical programs and major projects for the creation of military equipment;
- attracting leading scientists and specialists to scientific (scientific and technical) councils at various levels in connection with defense research and development;
- informing about the most important achievements of domestic science and technology in the interests of ensuring the defense and security of the country.
The first real results of such cooperation were obtained in 2016 by clarifying the key elements that determine the priority areas for creating a scientific and technical basis for promising weapons and equipment. This primarily concerns the “List of basic and critical military technologies for the period until 2025” and the “List of priority areas of fundamental, forecasting and exploratory research in the interests of ensuring the country’s defense and state security for the period until 2025.”
Based on the results of a joint thorough analysis of the development of new types of military equipment, significant changes were made to the list of military technologies, mainly related to the development of unconventional weapons systems, hypersonic aircraft, communication and control systems. Each military technology contains a detailed description in the form of a passport, reflecting its focus, critical characteristics, level of readiness, estimated cost and other parameters necessary for further use in the preparation of GPV projects and state defense orders. As a result, the updated list includes nine basic, 48 critical and 330 military technologies.
The list of priority fundamental research, which is just a reference book for RAS institutions, which they should follow when justifying and forming their plans, has also undergone significant changes: the wording of eight scientific subdirections has been clarified, 27 new areas of FPPI have been added in the field of computer science, optics and quantum electronics of the military appointments, radiophysics and radioelectronics. The updated list includes 11 scientific areas, 56 subdirections and 718 areas of FPPI. Both documents were approved by the decision of the board of the Military-Industrial Commission of the Russian Federation on May 25, 2016.
The second significant event in close cooperation with the expert community of the Russian Academy of Sciences, general designers and technologists was the development of the Interdepartmental Coordination Program of the FPPI in the field of defense and state security. This is a tool that ensures interaction at the stages of planning, implementation and implementation of the results of the FPPI. The program is designed to improve the efficiency of research. And also to consolidate federal executive authorities, state corporations and relevant funds in priority areas of creating a scientific and technical basis for military and military equipment.
– How is it different from the previous ones?
– The main priorities of the program include the following:
- formation of an interdepartmental list of FPPIs;
- information and analytical support for the activities of general designers in the creation of military equipment and managers of priority technological areas in terms of providing information on the state and prospects for the development of domestic science and technology;
- development of proposals to executive authorities, state corporations, the Russian Academy of Sciences and scientific foundations for the formation or clarification of state, federal and departmental target programs and plans, taking into account the recommendations of general designers for the creation of military equipment and managers of priority technological areas;
- participation in information exchange of the results of scientific research and technological developments.
Structurally, the program consists of five subprograms, covering all the main stages of creating a scientific and technical basis for promising weapons and equipment. It should be noted that the main contribution, including a detailed examination of ongoing and planned FPPIs, was made by leading scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences - academicians Sergei Bagaev, Radiy Ilkaev, Evgeniy Kablov, Vladimir Peshekhonov, who became the leaders of the corresponding working groups.
The main positive result is that for the first time it was possible to create an interdepartmental list of fundamental, exploratory and applied research carried out, as well as planned, according to state, federal and departmental target programs and plans in the field of defense and ensuring the security of the country. The most extensive section is connected precisely with the creation of a scientific foundation. It contains more than a thousand fundamental and exploratory defense or dual-use research projects carried out or recommended for implementation at the expense of the Russian budget.
– In our fundamental science, as well as in the work of the Russian Academy of Sciences, there are a lot of problems that the president of the country spoke about. How are they resolved?
– Yes, along with the positive results of cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences, there are a number of problems that have a negative impact on the efficiency of creating a scientific and technical reserve. They are regularly discussed at our meetings, during which specific steps to improve the organizational, regulatory, legal and methodological aspects of planning and conducting defense FPPI are proposed and agreed upon.
Among the pressing problems of the functioning of RAS institutions in the state defense procurement system, it is worth highlighting the following:
- outdated material, technical and laboratory facilities from the point of view of the possibility of conducting research, including experimental research, in the interests of the Ministry of Defense;
- regulatory and legal restrictions on the participation of RAS institutions in competitive procedures for conducting R&D for defense purposes;
- insufficient integration of RAS research teams into the problems of weapons system development;
- weak financial motivation of young scientists participating in work on state defense orders.
– What awaits us in the near future?
– Currently, the Russian Ministry of Defense is at the final stage of forming the State Armed Forces project for 2018–2025, in which significant attention is paid to measures to create a scientific and technical basis for the development of promising and unconventional models of military equipment in the interests of the branches (arms) of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The new program sets the task of ensuring the completion of the development and delivery to the troops of fundamentally new types of hypersonic weapons, intelligent robotic systems, military equipment based on new physical principles, as well as a number of traditional next-generation weapons (T-50, Armata, Kurganets, MiG -35, etc.). The fleet of modern air and military equipment should be increased to 70 percent.
The development of these samples will require solving a number of scientific and technical problems, which is not possible without the involvement of the scientific community. Among the most striking and complex of all their diversity, I will highlight the following:
- technologies that ensure long-term operation of hypersonic aircraft in dense layers of the atmosphere under plasma influence: this requires the creation of new fourth-generation heat-resistant alloys, heat-resistant radio-transparent fairings based on domestic ceramic materials, propulsion systems and high-energy fuels, and avionics;
- increasing the level of intellectualization of weapons, especially unmanned aerial vehicles and robotic systems for military purposes;
- power lasers based on new active media and pump sources, adaptive mirrors and their cooling devices, multifunctional optical coatings.
Traditionally, RAS institutions carry out about 40 percent of research work of a fundamental and exploratory nature, and also take an active part in the implementation of applied projects to create military technologies and advanced weapons. I am convinced that during the implementation of GPV-2025, academic schools of the Russian Academy of Sciences will make a significant contribution to the formation of a scientific and technical reserve and ensuring the defense capability of the Russian Federation.
/Yuri Borisov, Oleg Falichev, vpk-news.ru/
Research methodology
Introduction:
Description of the subject of research - description of the subject as a functionality - identification of the problem for the object
Formation of the final goal through the subject
Identifying ways to improve an item (usually by increasing efficiency)
Antecedent Analysis
Formulation of the problem
Justification of the relevance of the task
Boundaries of the study
Boundary from an object (list of objects)
Border from subject
About space and time
Brief summary of the main parts of the study.
Brief information about the testing of the study (reports, presentations at conferences).
Brief information about the implementation.
New scientific results and provisions submitted for defense.
Chapter 1. Background (original level). The essence of the task.
1.1. Analysis of factors external to the object, internal to the subject, influencing the object and subject of research.
1.2. Analysis of the subject and the object for interdependence.
Assessment of the degree of compliance of the existing state of an object with the requirements of the object.
Chapter 2. Selection and justification of research methods.
Selection and development of elements of a method for researching a subject.
Sampling or developing a methodology for studying an object through a subject.
Assessing the effectiveness of an object through the subject.
Chapter 3. Justification of practical recommendations for improving an object through an object.
Improving the subject of research in the object.
Improving methods for studying an object and subject.
Assessing the effectiveness of an object through an object in an improved state.
Conclusion:
Listing of scientific results highlighting novelty.
Contributions to science.
Contributions to practice.
What didn't work? Suggestions for further improvement.
Total number of publications.
Conclusions on solving the problem posed in the introduction.
1. Description of the scientific problem of research (essence, genesis and main aspects of the scientific problem)
2. The relevance of the scientific problem of the research (the importance of the proposed research on this problem from the point of view of the formation of new and development of existing directions in this subject area and expanding the possibility of practical application of scientific results)
3. A specific task within the problem that the research is aimed at solving
4. Scientific novelty of the research (novelty and originality of the proposed formulation of the problem and/or methodology for its research)
5. Analysis of the current state of research on the scientific problem of the project (main directions, trends and priorities for the development of research in domestic and world science)
6. Methodological principles used in the study
7. Proposed methods, techniques, tools and their justification (the ability of the methodological tools proposed for use to provide the necessary depth of elaboration of the main aspects of the problem)
8. Expected results of scientific research (the form of presentation should make it possible to conduct an examination of the results)
9. Form for presenting project results (expected specific results are indicated, for example: monograph, series of articles)
10. Potential possibilities for using research results in solving applied problems (the possible contribution of planned scientific results to solving applied problems is justified)
11. The team’s existing scientific background for the project (previously obtained results, developed programs and methods are indicated)
12. Publications most closely related to the proposed project (a list of the main publications most closely related to the proposed project over the past five years is provided)
13. General work plan for the entire duration of the project (the form of presentation should make it possible to assess the degree of implementation of the work plan stated in the project; the general work plan is given by year)
EXAMINATION OF THE PROJECT
I. ASSESSMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC LEVEL OF THE PROJECT
Scientific significance of the expected results of the study
Relevance of the scientific problem of research
Comprehensiveness of the study
Scientific novelty of the research
The current state of research on the project problem - the main directions of research in world science
Correspondence of the project name to the scientific research problem
As a result of carrying out scientific research within the framework of the NUG project in 2012-2013. general theoretical foundations for codification and unification in private law were developed, which made it possible to solve the following problems:
establish scientific approaches to determining the object, methods and meaning of codification and unification of international private law; trace the history of the development of these processes in the field of private law; determine the features of international and national unification of international private law; analyze the relationship and mutual influence of modern codification and unification processes in international private law. As a result of the study, the following statements were convincingly proven:
1. In the process of codification of international private law in the 21st century, the following special types of codification can be distinguished:
- “step-by-step” codification is a type of codification during which a single law-making process, i.e. the formulation of isolated rules of international private law and the partial codification of its individual institutions culminate in the adoption of a new consolidated act of a systemic nature (Romania);
- consolidating codification is a type of codification carried out by combining a number of normative legal acts devoted to individual institutions and issues of international private law into the form of a single agreed act with the introduction of certain innovations into the source legal material (as a rule, this is the second stage of “step-by-step” codification) (Poland, Czech Republic);
- blanket codification is a type of codification that is based on the priority of an international unified act regulating certain cross-border private law relations by direct reference to it. A specific technique of blanket codification is the preservation of an article (section) of the law reserved for a future norm - a reference to a specific international treaty in the event of its ratification (Netherlands).
Due to the fact that in the 21st century, significant experience in law-making practice in international private law has already been accumulated and unified, consolidating and blanket codification should be considered the most effective, which explains the growing popularity of the latter in our time.
2. An inherent feature of the modern process of codification of international private law is the use (as the main method from the point of view of legislative technology) of international unified acts. In the 21st century, the national act of codification of international private law is a systematic presentation of domestic and international unified norms implemented in national law.
3. In the 21st century, national codifications may provide for the application of an international treaty that has not yet entered into force (for example, due to the lack of the required number of ratifications), provided that this treaty has already been ratified by the relevant state (Article 145 (2) Book 10 of the Civil Code of the Netherlands) . Thus, one of the possible functions of blanket codification of international private law is to ensure a proactive unifying effect of an international legal act in the domestic legal order. As a result of the use of reference, unified norms acquire legal force in the system of national law earlier than in the system of international law.
4. Currently, the principle of complexity is one of the specific principles of codification of international private law. This principle means that the codification process must coordinate all issues of legal regulation of certain social relations. To the greatest extent, this requirement is met by an autonomous comprehensive codification aimed at resolving conflicts of laws and jurisdictions in the widest possible sphere of cross-border private law relations. The effectiveness of the principle of comprehensiveness directly depends on the consistency of international legal and national legal approaches to the use of the conceptual apparatus and specific mechanisms of legal regulation in international private law (autonomy of the parties, the principle of the closest connection, protective clauses and return).
5. Along with the progressive development of domestic legislation, one of the main patterns of modern social development is the deepening internationalization of law, which means the convergence of legal systems, the deepening of their interaction and mutual influence. The internationalization of law is manifested, first of all, in the process of unification of legal norms. Unification of law is the creation of identical, uniform norms in the internal law of different states, the only way to create which is cooperation between states. Consequently, the unification of law means cooperation between states aimed at creating unified legal norms in the domestic law of a certain circle of states. The most striking example of the international unification of private law in the regional aspect is European private law, the most important component of which is conflict of law.
List of the main publications related to the chosen area of research by the head and executors of the NUG for the last three calendar years before the date of announcement of the competition for 2012, 2013 and 2014
1. Erpyleva N.Yu., Getman-Pavlova I.V. Codification of private international law in the Republic of Georgia // International law and international organizations. 2012. No. 2. P. 44-75.
2. Erpyleva N.Yu., Getman-Pavlova I.V. Codification of international civil process in the Republic of Georgia // State and Law. 2012. No. 10. P. 54-65.
3. Getman-Pavlova I.V. Application of foreign public law norms in private international law // International public and private law. 2013. No. 4. P. 8-12.
4. Kasatkina A.S. Modern codifications of private law in the countries of Southeast Asia (People's Republic of China and Japan) // Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics. 2012. No. 2. P. 144-164.
5. Kasatkina A.S. Unification of conflict of laws rules of the European Union in the field of inheritance: new approaches // Legal issues. 2013. No. 3. P. 385-406.
6. Proshko P.V. Codification of private international law in the Netherlands // Legislation and Economics. 2013. No. 5. P. 49-54.
