Last year I already wrote about zoos in the Netherlands (). But just recently there was a reason to write again on this topic. Many people probably know that on April 12, pandas Xing Ya and Wu Wen flew to the Netherlands from China; they will live in the small zoo Ouwehands Dierenpark in the city of Rhenen.
As a huge fan of pandas, I couldn’t pass it up and last week I went to Ouwehands Dierenpark. And looking ahead, I’ll say: I absolutely loved this park. A great place to spend a good day, especially if you have children. The playgrounds, in my opinion, are super cool and varied, I could barely restrain myself from getting into one.
Anyway, let's get to the pictures:
For big and lazy bears, the zoo has created a huge pavilion, which is part of the Asian building. The entire area covers approximately 9,000 m², of which 3,400 m² is dedicated to giant pandas.
Currently, China is seriously thinking about the problem of the extinction of Giant Pandas. The PRC has introduced the death penalty for harming Giant Pandas and for exterminating these animals. All individual pandas, as well as their offspring that they will give in the future, belong only to China.
In order to develop conservation programs rare species animals, China leases Giant Pandas to zoos in other countries. The average annual rental cost is $1 million.
In addition to the presence of giant pandas in Rhenen, Ouwehands Zoo will make a significant financial contribution each year to support environmental measures in China.
In addition to the giant pandas in the Asian part, there are enclosures with my favorites - red or little pandas. I can watch these cuties for hours.
Also in Pandasia, of course, an Asian restaurant
In my opinion, everything is very authentic and very tasty. There's even Chinese beer!
And where would we be without a souvenir shop dedicated to pandas?
In addition to seeing all the species of pandas, there are a million more in the park different ways entertain yourself and your children, if any.
Along this “road” you can move over the bears’ habitat.
Many animals are very close to zoo visitors.
Like most Dutch zoos, this park has a farm yard with the usual ducks, rabbits and sheep.
The farm isn't the same without a cat!
There are also not very many species of animals, but you can clearly see them all. And most importantly, these are large enough enclosures for animals. Some are very close to natural conditions; one enclosure with brown bears and wolves is worth it!
It is not clear who else is watching whom.
To the question: Which cities in Russia have pandas (circus zoos or something similar...)??? given by the author Dmitry Kibisov the best answer is There are none! Sometimes they brought me to Moskovsky, but only on trips.
Because China prohibits the export of them forever, there is only the opportunity to literally “rent” them - for a lot of money, of course, a million dollars! + subject to adequate maintenance and for a strictly specified period of time (exactly 1 year).
Here, read about pandas when they were in Moscow:
The twentieth century
In 1957, the giant panda first settled in Russia, in a special house on the territory of the Moscow Zoo. It was a large male named Pin-Pin. And in the summer of 1959, we managed to purchase a second copy, according to the plan, in pair with Pin-Ping. His name was An-An, but, unfortunately, he also turned out to be a male. So two handsome little boys lived in Moscow. In 1961, an Austrian businessman took to China large group African animals and exchanged her for a young female giant panda named Chi-Chi. With this “zoological star,” as one of the prominent English zoologists called it, the owner of Chi-Chi arrived in England, where he sold it to the London Zoological Society for huge money. In 1966, the British proposed to the Moscow Zoo to combine the Moscow gentleman An-An with Chi-Chi. They agreed, and the overseas bride arrived from London to Moscow by special plane. It was housed in a transport “carriage” made of plexiglass, non-ferrous metals and plastic. This extraordinary guest was met by zoologists, employees of the capital's zoo, employees of the British Embassy and a great many correspondents. One of them said jokingly: “I often visit the capital’s international airport as part of my work, but I have never met a single prime minister like this.” And indeed, there was a lot of noise.
Chi-Chi lived at the Moscow Zoo for six months, but did not become friends with An-An and was sent back. In 1968, the experiment was repeated. This time An-An flew to visit Chi-Chi. He lived in London for six months and also to no avail. But, as you know, every cloud has a silver lining: both meetings, although they did not give the desired result, helped us better understand the peculiarities of the biology of giant pandas. For example, no one suspected that animals that are good-natured in appearance and completely gentle in character can, under certain circumstances, be very aggressive. Sometimes there were even brutal fights between our heroes. It was necessary to separate them using fire hoses, blank shots from hunting rifles, and also use special pikes and shields made of thick plywood. When attacking and defending, the animals showed great dexterity and techniques typical of predators: grabbing the enemy with their front paws, powerful blows to the enemy’s head with their paws, rapid ramming with their entire body weight, grabbing with their teeth, and so on.
Twenty first century
The visit of the bamboo bears to Russia took place as part of the Beijing Days in Moscow in the summer of 2001. Ben-Ben is a male, celebrated his fourth birthday in Moscow on July 24, Wen-Ven is a female, she is nine years old.
(it with)
But here are the links - where there are pandas in the world's zoos - see. na - in Berlin and Vienna there is, for example - this is one of those places that is closer. and here is the list:
1. Schönbrunn Zoo (German: Tiergarten Schönbrunn), Austria;
2. Research Center in Chengdu (The Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding (hereafter Chengdu Panda Base), China;
3. Atlanta Zoo (USA);
4. Panda breeding center in the Wolong Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, China (Wolong National Nature Reserve) - temporarily closed;
5. Adelaide Zoo, Australia (Adelaide Zoo);
6. Kobe Oji Zoo, China;
7. Madrid Zoo, Spain;
8. Edinburgh Zoo, UK (Scotland);
9. Chiang Mai Zoo, Thailand;
10. Bei Jing Zoo, China;
11. Memphis Zoo, USA;
12. Ocean Park, Hong Kong;
13.
Natalia
Higher intelligence
(131262)
In China itself, of course, there are more opportunities to see them)
Settled there just a couple of years ago. The animals frolicked so well in the snow that they attracted everyone's attention.
Although this is not surprising, because red pandas are high-altitude animals. The MIR 24 website has prepared a photo report for you on how Zane And Ryzhik are surviving this hot summer.
Eleven o'clock in the morning is feeding time for pandas and the most active period of the day for these animals. Their territory at the Moscow Zoo consists of two “rooms” - a green open enclosure and a cool room in the building.
The enclosures are equipped with wooden bridges, logs and ladders, along which nimble pandas can climb and hide from people’s attention. Here and there pieces of fruit are hung on strings so that the pandas do not get bored and get some of their food on their own.
“They live in the Himalayas, China, Nepal, mostly in the highlands,” says zoologist Natalya Papayeva, who has been babysitting pandas since the day they appeared at the zoo. - 95% of their diet consists of fresh bamboo leaves, the rest is fruits, berries, sometimes quail eggs. We receive a special type of bamboo once a week from Sochi.
We give red pandas a special dry panda formula and fruits: apples, pears, bananas, grapes, apricots, and seasonal berries. Plus we give them carrots, zucchini, pumpkin and quail eggs, but they don’t like chicken eggs. But the most important thing is to provide them with fresh bamboo.”
During the day, red pandas mostly eat and sleep. To digest so much bamboo and absorb nutrients, their bodies require a lot of energy.
These creatures tolerate heat very poorly, says Natalya. The maximum permissible temperature for them is 30 degrees, so the closed enclosure is equipped with air conditioning, where the animals can rest peacefully.
Despite their ardent love for snow, red pandas do not like water and do not try to splash in the shallow pool in the enclosure, using it only for drinking. The thermometer is approaching 30, but Zane and Ryzhik prefer to be in an open enclosure and are constantly chewing something, holding pieces of fruit in their paws.
A female named Zane came to the Moscow Zoo from Dublin in the fall of 2014, and about a year later a male was brought from Poland.
“Both were very timid at first, but now, if not tame, then at least they take pieces from their hands and let themselves be petted. But not like cats, they still don’t like people touching them. By nature, Zane is calmer, sleeps and eats more often, and very rarely plays with toys.
And the male is more active - he likes to run. His visitors named him Ryzhik. In general, he has a Chinese name, but it is very complicated, and among ourselves we also call him Ryzhik,” - a veterinarian and zoologist by training, Natalya has been working at the zoo for 10 years.
What could be cuter than red pandas? Baby red pandas, of course! But, unfortunately, the zoo does not yet have a breeding program for them.
“During the female’s estrus period, we placed them in different cages. So far, so,” the zoologist shrugs.
The rest of the time, Zane and Ryzhik live together amicably. To make life in the enclosure more fun, zoo staff come up with logical puzzles for their charges, which the pandas successfully solve, demonstrating cunning.
“They are used to visitors. When they arrived, it was hard for them. At first, we closed the hall altogether so that there would be no people. Sometimes pandas don't like things, like when children run and scream. But most often they simply don’t notice people - they sleep either upstairs or in houses in the enclosure.”
Unfortunately, the lifespan of red pandas is shorter than that of cats - approximately 10-12 years. Today, Zane is 3.5 years old, and Ryzhik is a year younger. Note that red pandas are included in the Red Book with the status “Endangered”.
Finally, here is the very sight that made Moscow Zoo visitors fall in love with red pandas:
To the question: Which cities in Russia have pandas (circus zoos or something similar...)??? given by the author Dmitry Kibisov the best answer is There are none! Sometimes they brought me to Moskovsky, but only on trips.
Because China prohibits the export of them forever, there is only the opportunity to literally “rent” them - for a lot of money, of course, a million dollars! + subject to adequate maintenance and for a strictly specified period of time (exactly 1 year).
Here, read about pandas when they were in Moscow:
The twentieth century
In 1957, the giant panda first settled in Russia, in a special house on the territory of the Moscow Zoo. It was a large male named Pin-Pin. And in the summer of 1959, we managed to purchase a second copy, according to the plan, in pair with Pin-Pin. His name was An-An, but, unfortunately, he also turned out to be a male. So two handsome little boys lived in Moscow. In 1961, an Austrian merchant took a large group of African animals to China and exchanged them for a young female giant panda named Chi-Chi. With this “zoological star,” as one of the prominent English zoologists called it, the owner of Chi-Chi arrived in England, where he sold it to the London Zoological Society for huge money. In 1966, the British proposed to the Moscow Zoo to combine the Moscow gentleman An-An with Chi-Chi. They agreed, and the overseas bride arrived from London to Moscow by special plane. It was housed in a transport “carriage” made of plexiglass, non-ferrous metals and plastic. This extraordinary guest was met by zoologists, employees of the capital's zoo, employees of the British Embassy and a great many correspondents. One of them said jokingly: “I often visit the capital’s international airport as part of my work, but I have never met a single prime minister like this.” And indeed, there was a lot of noise.
Chi-Chi lived at the Moscow Zoo for six months, but did not become friends with An-An and was sent back. In 1968, the experiment was repeated. This time An-An flew to visit Chi-Chi. He lived in London for six months and also to no avail. But, as you know, every cloud has a silver lining: both meetings, although they did not give the desired result, helped us better understand the peculiarities of the biology of giant pandas. For example, no one suspected that animals that are good-natured in appearance and completely gentle in character can, under certain circumstances, be very aggressive. Sometimes there were even brutal fights between our heroes. It was necessary to separate them using fire hoses, blank shots from hunting rifles, and also use special pikes and shields made of thick plywood. When attacking and defending, the animals showed great dexterity and techniques typical of predators: grabbing the enemy with their front paws, powerful blows to the enemy’s head with their paws, rapid ramming with their entire body weight, grabbing with their teeth, and so on.
Twenty first century
The visit of the bamboo bears to Russia took place as part of the Beijing Days in Moscow in the summer of 2001. Ben-Ben is a male, celebrated his fourth birthday in Moscow on July 24, Wen-Ven is a female, she is nine years old.
(it with)
But here are the links - where there are pandas in the world's zoos - see. na - in Berlin and Vienna there is, for example - this is one of those places that is closer. and here is the list:
1. Schönbrunn Zoo (German: Tiergarten Schönbrunn), Austria;
2. Research Center in Chengdu (The Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding (hereafter Chengdu Panda Base), China;
3. Atlanta Zoo (USA);
4. Panda breeding center in the Wolong Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, China (Wolong National Nature Reserve) - temporarily closed;
5. Adelaide Zoo, Australia (Adelaide Zoo);
6. Kobe Oji Zoo, China;
7. Madrid Zoo, Spain;
8. Edinburgh Zoo, UK (Scotland);
9. Chiang Mai Zoo, Thailand;
10. Bei Jing Zoo, China;
11. Memphis Zoo, USA;
12. Ocean Park, Hong Kong;
13.
Natalia
Higher intelligence
(131262)
In China itself, of course, there are more opportunities to see them)
A cute animal the size of a large domestic cat, the red panda has a striped tail similar to a raccoon. For its bright fur it is called the “fiery fox”, and for its habits it is called the “cat bear”. Recent genetic studies have made it possible to distinguish the red panda into a separate family - pandas.
Taxonomy
Russian name - small (red panda)
English name- Red panda
Latin name - Ailurus fulgens
Order - Carnivora (Carnivora)
Family - Pandas (Ailuropodidae)
Genus - Red pandas (Ailurus)
Status of the species in nature
The red panda is included in the lists of the International Red Book with the status of “endangered”.
Species and man
Written mentions of this animal in China date back to the 13th century, but it was discovered by science in 1821 by the English general and naturalist Thomas Hardwicke, who collected material on the territory of the English colonies. He suggested calling this animal “wa” - one of its Chinese names, based on the imitation of the sounds made by the animal. In addition, the general said, the Chinese call it “punya,” which is where the modern “panda” comes from. Hardwick failed to become the “godfather” of this animal - he was delayed in returning to England with his materials. The Latin name Ailurus fulgens, which can be translated as “brilliant cat,” was given to the new animal by the French naturalist Frederic Cuvier.
All the peoples living in the territories where the red panda lives, apparently, actively persecute it because of its beautiful fur, which is used to make hats and clothing by the local population. In Yunnan province, hats made of red panda fur for newlyweds are regarded as a talisman for lucky family life. The red panda is the mascot of the Darjeeling International Tea Festival.
Total information
Distribution area and habitats
The red panda lives in the southeastern part of the Himalayan mountains. Its range is limited to Yunnan and Sichuan provinces in China, Bhutan, Nepal and northeastern India. Not found west of Nepal. The animal prefers to stay in tall forests, where coniferous trees with an admixture of oak, chestnut, maple and a lower tier of rhododendron and bamboo. These mountain forests are located at an altitude of 2000–4000 m above sea level in conditions temperate climate with average temperature 10–25° and average annual precipitation of 350 mm. Small pandas are very sensitive to heat; they are physically unable to tolerate temperatures above 30°C. These animals find shelter in trees, actively use hollows, and often rest on branches, lying on their stomachs with all four paws hanging down.The ancestors of today's pandas were much more widespread; their remains are found in Eastern Europe, and in North America. However, these animals were obviously adapted to a certain type of climate, with the change of which their range sharply decreased.
Appearance and morphology
The body of the red panda is elongated, its length is 51–64 cm, its height at the shoulders is 25 cm, the fur is thick, soft, smooth and very long. Thick and soft fur makes the body appear thicker than it actually is. The fluffy tail is also long, and its length varies significantly among different animals: from 28 to 48 cm. The ears are small, round, the eyes are also small, but because of the large forehead, the head acquires the proportions characteristic of cubs and giving the animal extraordinary cuteness. The paws are short, strong, and the toes are equipped with strongly curved, semi-retractable claws, which help the panda to easily climb and descend trees. On the panda's wrist there is an “extra finger” - an enlarged part of one of the bones of the front paw. It is opposed to other fingers, which allows the panda to hold bamboo branches in its paws.
The fur color of the red panda is red or hazel, dark underneath, reddish-brown or black. The hair on the back has yellow tips. The paws are glossy black, the tail is red, with lighter narrow rings, the head is light, with the edges of the ears and muzzle almost white, and near the eyes there is a pattern in the form of a mask, like that of raccoons, and this pattern is unique for each individual individual. Males and females are the same size, animals can weigh from 3.7 to 6.2 kg.
Lifestyle and social behavior
Pandas spend most of their lives alone. The females' areas are about 2.5 square meters. km, males - twice as many. The animals mark their areas using urine and the secretions of the anal glands and glands located on the soles of their paws. The same purpose is served by piles of droppings, which form real “latrines”, usually located along the border of the territory. Such marks carry information about the sex, age and physiological state of the animal.
The male red panda fiercely defends his territory. If an opponent appears, he begins to hiss loudly. Before an attack, opponents raise their heads and “nod” them expressively. If none of them is afraid of the warning, then a fierce fight ensues. Outside the breeding season, adult pandas rarely interact with each other.
Nutrition and feeding behavior
Red pandas are excellent tree climbers, but they feed mainly on the ground. Although these animals are representatives of the order of carnivores, 95% of their diet consists of young leaves and shoots of bamboo. The remaining 5% are various fruits, berries, mushrooms, bird eggs and even small rodents. Let us remember that carnivores stand out as a separate order not because they eat animal food - some ungulates, for example, do not disdain it - but because of the presence of special devices for obtaining it and, most importantly, assimilating it. They have appropriate teeth, a simple stomach, and not a multi-chambered one, like ruminants, and a short intestine. And fibrous plant foods are usually not good for them. The situation with the dental system of pandas is relatively good: their molars have numerous tubercles that allow them to grind and chew plant fibers well. But the digestive tract of a red panda is that of a common predator. And therefore, as special studies have shown, the animal’s body absorbs no more than one quarter of the nutrients contained in the eaten bamboo leaves. In order to have enough food, the panda spends up to 13 hours a day searching and eating food. To compensate for the low calorie content of such a diet, she is forced to consume food up to 30% of her body weight.
The red panda is a crepuscular animal: during the day it sleeps in a hollow or in a nest in a tree, curled up in a ball and covering its head with its tail, and sometimes sitting on a branch and hanging its head on its chest between its front paws. With the onset of dusk, the animal descends from the tree, and moves upside down, demonstrating flexibility and dexterity. Having found suitable food, the panda takes it in its front paw and brings it to its mouth. The red panda is one of the few animals that can eat not only sitting, but also lying on its back.
Reproduction and raising of offspring
Pandas breed once a year, with mating season beginning in January. At this time, the males become very active, leaving their scent everywhere on the trees, spraying them with urine, or rubbing them with the secretion of the glands located near the anal area. Apparently, the female is receptive to mating only once a year and only for 18–24 hours, so she is also very active.
Red pandas have been poorly studied in nature, and most of the information about their reproductive biology comes from zoos. Pregnancy lasts from 90 to 145 days, while fetal development takes only 50 days. The latent period takes a long time, which takes place on initial stages development of embryos, when they seem to freeze without any changes. This phenomenon occurs in other animals, especially among the mustelidae family. After some time, the development of the embryos resumes, and in late spring - early summer 1–2 blind cubs appear in the nest, sometimes there are up to 4, but rarely more than one survives to independent life. At birth, puppies weigh 110–130 g, their fur is short and fawn in color. The first time after the babies are born, the nest is very quiet. Newborns cling to their mother, who almost never leaves the nest, warms, feeds and protects them. After a few days, the female begins to move further away from the nest, returning to it every few hours to feed and care for the babies.
Cubs grow very slowly. Around the 18th day they open their eyes. Only at the age of three months do they acquire the color characteristic of an adult, they begin to leave the nest and feed on solid food, while milk feeding lasts at least 5 months. Having left the nest, young pandas wander with their mother around her area until mid-winter, and according to other sources - for a whole year. That is why in a number of books you can read that the red panda in nature lives in pairs or even small groups. Young pandas reach the size of an adult animal at one year of age, and become sexually mature by 18 months. At this age, they are ready to have their own offspring, however, an individual is considered an adult only from 2-3 years of age.
Males do not take part in raising offspring.
Lifespan
Red pandas live 8–10 years; a registered long-liver is an animal that was born and lived in one of the American zoos for 19 years.
History of the species in the Moscow Zoo
Red pandas have been kept at the Moscow Zoo since 2009. The first pair of these animals came to us from the Madrid Zoo at the age of 10, and are no longer young at all. They got comfortable on the Island of Animals - during the day they sat or slept in a fork of branches, in the evening they leisurely walked down an inclined log and wandered around the enclosure. They lived with us for about 4 years and died of old age.
In September 2014, a one and a half year old female named Zane came to us from Dublin Zoo. She passed quarantine and settled in the Old Zoo territory in the “Cats of the Tropics” pavilion. For the arrival of the pandas, the enclosure was refurbished - a special “climbing” structure was built from logs, ladders, and houses. Zane immediately appreciated it - the animal comes down, mainly just to eat. This charming red creature sleeps mainly in the left corner on a log, leaning against a tree trunk, and covers itself with its tail during deep sleep. Often lies on the same log, dangling its paws down and sleepily looking around. Zane happily climbs trunks and ladders, but ignores houses for now; perhaps she prefers to have a good view all the time.
The panda is most active during feeding periods: in the morning at 10–11 am and in the late afternoon from 4 pm to 5 pm. However, even during the daytime, our panda periodically gets out of her favorite hiding place and wanders around the enclosure.
This animal is fed a complex mixture consisting of special feed for pandas and cut fruits, but its favorite food is, of course, green bamboo leaves.
In October 2015, an adorable one and a half year old male red panda arrived from Poland. After completing quarantine, he was placed in the same enclosure with Zane. It is very easy to distinguish the animals from each other - Zane has a light “face”, her friend has a dark one. He is a little younger than our beauty, but we hope that they will find mutual language", and the birth of their babies is just around the corner.
