Comparative adjectives are used to compare two or more objects with each other: objects, people, animals, etc. Bigger, smaller, prettier, faster, cheaper, better, smarter, braver, smarter, more daring- these are all comparative degrees of adjectives in Russian.
IN English language adjectives also have a comparative degree ( comparative adjectives or simply comparative): bigger, less, more beautiful, faster, cheaper, better, cleverer, braver, more intelligent, more daring
The rules for the formation of comparative adjectives are very easy to understand, and to develop fluency you need experience, you need to repeat them more often, and it is better to repeat phrases, phrases or whole sentences. How to remember better, you can read in the article.
In this article we will give many examples of the formation and use of the comparative degree of adjectives in English.
Comparative adjectives. Rules of education. Examples.
Look at the table:
1. Examples for comparative adjectives formed from monosyllabic ones:
This coffee is very weak. I like it a bit stronger. (This coffee is very weak. I like it a little stronger)
Going by bus is cheaper than by train. (Travel by bus is cheaper than by train)
The weather is very cold today. I expected it to be warmer(The weather is cold today. I expected it to be warmer)
The water is colder today than it was two days ago. (The water is colder today than two days ago)
Mike studies harder than his brother. (Mike studies harder than his brother)
This building is higher than that one. (This building is taller than that)
My daughter is thinner than her. (My daughter is thinner than her)
My sister is older than me. (My sister is older than me)
Can we walk a bit faster? (Can we go a little faster?)
Pay attention to the following subtleties:
1. After the comparative degree of adjectives, a conjunction is often used than(than), emphasizing the object for comparison.
2. If a one-syllable adjective ends in -e, then to a comparative extent only -r: large - larger, late - later, wide - wider.
3. If a one-syllable adjective ends one vowel + one consonant, then the comparative degree duplicates the consonant: big - bigger, wet - wetter, thin - thinner
2. Examples of comparative adjectives formed from two-syllable adjectives ending in -y:
Yesterday I woke up earlier than usual (Yesterday I woke up earlier than usual)
You look happier today (You look happier today)
My bag seemed to get heavier as I carried it (My bag seemed heavier when I carried it)
We were busier at work today than usual (We were busier at work today than usual)
3. Examples of the comparative degree of adjectives formed from two-syllable and more adjectives
I think Hungarian is more difficult than Spanish. (I think Hungarian is harder than Spanish)
For lanuage learners, enthusiasm is more important than talent. (For language learners, enthusiasm is more important than talent)
I expected the hotel to be more expensive. (I expected the hotel to be more expensive)
I'd like to do something more interesting(I'd like to do something more interesting)
Why don't you phone me more often? (Why don't you call me more often?)
I'd like to have a more reliable car (I would like to have a more reliable car)
Unfortunately his illness was more serious than we thought at first. (Unfortunately, his illness was more serious than we first thought)
4. Exceptions.
Some words don't obey general rules and form their own comparative adjectives in a special way. They are called incorrect - IRREGULAR:
A holiday by the sea is better than a holiday in the mountains. (A holiday by the sea is better than a holiday in the mountains)
The warmer the weather the better I feel. (The warmer the weather, the better I feel)
I can't walk any further. (I can't go any further)
The traffic is worse than usual today. (Traffic is worse than usual today)
The weather got worse and worse. (the weather is getting worse and worse)
His English is becoming better from day to day. (His English is getting better day by day)
Degrees of adjectives comparison - Degrees of comparison of adjectives
Adjectives in English do not change by number or case, they change by degrees of comparison. This applies to qualitative adjectives. Relative adjectives do not have degrees of comparison (about qualitative and relative adjectives - see the material "").
There are three degrees of comparison of qualitative adjectives in English:
1. Positive. An adjective in its usual form.big big
2. Comparative. Shows that one object has bo? higher degree of quality than the other. Often used with the preposition than.
bigger
3. Superlative. Indicates that the object has the highest degree of quality.
the biggest
Rules for the formation of degrees of comparison
1. The comparative degree is formed by adding the suffix -er [?r] to the stem of the word. Superlative - suffix -est [?st]. A few nuances:A. In adjectives with one syllable, the last letter is doubled.
hot - hotter - the hottest hot - hotter - the hottest
b. If the last letter of the adjective is -y, and there is a consonant before it, then it is replaced with -i; if it is a vowel, then -y remains unchanged.
busy - busier - the busiest
gray - grayer - the grayest gray - grayer - the grayest
V. If the last letter in an adjective is silent -e (that is, not pronounced), then when written it is omitted and merged with -e in the comparative or superlative suffix.
cute - cuter - the cutest
2. If an adjective has two or more syllables, then in the comparative degree more is used before it, and in the superlative degree - the most:
beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful/most beautiful
3. There are a number of two-syllable adjectives that can change according to both the first rule and the second:
able
angry angry
clever
common common
cruel
frequent
friendly friendly
gentle
handsome
narrow narrow
pleasant
polite polite
quiet
serious serious
simple
sour sour
4. Exceptional adjectives:
good/well - better - the best
good - better - the best/best
bad - worse - the worst
bad - worse - worst
little - less - the least
small - less - the smallest/smallest
much (with uncountable)/many (with countable) - more - the most
a lot - more - most of all
old - older - the oldest
old - older - the oldest
old - elder - the eldest
elder - older - the oldest (only about people; for example: my elder brother my elder brother)
late - later - the latest/the last
late - more recent - the latest (new, latest in time)
near - nearer - the nearest
closest - closer - closest (distance)
near - nearer - next/the next
close - closer - next (in time or in order)
far - farther - the farthest
farthest - more distant - farthest (distance only)
far - further - the furthest
distant - more distant - the most distant (in the abstract sense)
Degrees of comparison of adjectives in English are one of the simplest grammatical topics. The reason is that the existing degrees of comparison and methods of their formation largely coincide with those in the Russian language. As in Russian, in English there are two degrees of comparison: comparative And excellent. According to another classification, there is also a positive one - this is the usual form of adjectives. 
Comparative forms in English
There are two ways to form degrees of comparison: analytical(adding words) and synthetic(adding suffixes). The choice of the desired method of formation depends on the adjectives themselves:
- for a monosyllabic (simple) - we use a synthetic method of formation
- for polysyllabic - the analytical method.
Let's look at all this in detail, giving examples.
Monosyllabic adjectives and a synthetic method for comparing them
Almost all simple adjectives in English form comparatives using suffixes: 
table of adjective degrees There are several cases where adding suffixes requires minor changes to the word itself:
- If in a monosyllabic adjective there is a short vowel sound before the final consonant, then we double it:
- Big - bigger - the biggest
- Big - bigger - the biggest
- The final silent -e goes before -er, -est:
- Nice - nicer - the nicest
- The final letter -y is replaced by -i, provided that the -y is preceded by a consonant:
- Dry - drier - the dries
If there is a vowel before -y in a word, there will be no substitutions:
- Gray - greyer - the greyest
Let's summarize.
In the following figure you will see an extremely simple scheme for the formation of degrees of comparison of simple adjectives in English. 
degrees of comparison of simple adjectives in English
There are no rules that have no exceptions
There is a small list of exceptions from general rule: these words completely change their roots: 
list of exceptions There is another type of exception, which is a small list of words that have two possible options for forming degrees, each of which has its own semantic characteristics. You need to know them for correct use in context: 
Adjectives with two possible options formation of degrees As for two-syllable adjectives, some of them form their own comparative forms, like monosyllabic ones - by adding - er And - est. These include those that
- End with:
- -ow:
narrow - narrower - the narrowest
- -le:
simple - simpler - the simplest
- -er:
tender - tenderer - the tenderest
happy - happier - the happiest
- They have two syllables and the stress falls on the second:
severe - severer - the severest - Three-syllable adjectives with a prefix -un
untidy - untidier - the untidiest
Polysyllabic adjectives and the analytical method for comparing them
Now the time has come to understand the analytical method of forming comparative degrees in the English language. This method involves changing the meaning of a word without any changes in itself, but by adding another word to it, which will change its semantic and grammatical characteristics.
- An adverb is added more(more) if we compare the qualities of two objects, one of which is superior to the other:
Anya is more obedient than Katya - Adverb most(most) is used when indicating the highest level of qualitative characteristics of an item:
Anya is the most obedient
You may be wondering why not all adjectives in English follow the same form of degree formation. The fact is that adding suffixes to already long words is completely inconvenient, since they will lengthen them even more. 
Polysyllabic adjectives To reinforce the material, watch the following videos:
In English (as in Russian), the adjective changes according to degrees of comparison and has three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative.
Monosyllabic adjectives form the comparative degree using the suffix - eg, and excellent - using the suffix - est:
long/long er/long est - long / longher (more long)/most long (longeish y)
Degrees of comparison of polysyllabic adjectives are formed using the words: more- for comparative degree / most- for superlatives:
important/ more important/ the most important
important / more important / most important
Formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives and some
adverbs from different words.
Compare: at best/at most – best case scenario; at least – at least,
mostly = for the most part = main way,
most of…. = most of the… .
3.3. Comparative designs.
Adjectives and adverbs are used in the following comparative constructions:
with the union as ... as - same (same) ... as (s) / same (same) ... as (s)(in an affirmative sentence);
with the union notso ... as - not like(in negative sentences).
The land was flat – as flat as a table – the earth was flat- same flat,like table.
This room is not so light as that one - this room Not like this light, How that.
3.4. Strengthening the comparative degree.
To strengthen the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs
the following words are used:
much (well/ agooddeal/ agreatdeal) – much, significantly, much
(by) far - much
still (ever) - more
This way is much longer than that one - this path much longer Togo.
3.5 . Comparative construction the ... the (how ... topics).
The + adjective (adverb) in the comparative degree... + the +
other adjective (adverb) in comparative degree = than…..them:
Themore we read, themore we know – how we read morethose we know more.
4. Translation words : it, do, one, that (those, these) + of, the former, the latter.
4.1 . Use it in various functions V proposal.
|
Grammatical function |
Example |
Translation |
|
It- personal pronoun. Translated into Russian: he she it. |
It is on the shelf. Read it. |
Take a book.She on the shelf.Readher. |
|
It- demonstrative pronoun(weakened this/that). Translated by the word This. |
It is a device. |
What is this? This - device. |
|
It – formal subject in impersonal sentences denoting seasons, time of day, natural phenomena, mental and physical well-being of a person. |
It is winter . It is cold. It is 10 o"clock now. |
Winter. Cold. It's 10 o'clock nowowls |
|
It – takes first place in impersonal constructions, followed by infinitives or subordinate clauses. It is not translated into Russian. |
It is necessary to test these devices. It is known that the inductance is measured in henries. |
These devices need to be checked. It is knownthat inductance is measured in henry. |
|
It– can stand in the middle of a sentence as a formal object. It is not translated into Russian. |
A television telephone make it possible to see a person at the other end of the line. |
A video phone allows you to see the speaker on the other end of the line. |
|
It- composition of the emphatic (excretory) structure, itis -…… that (who, which) , serving to highlight any member of the proposal, except for the predicate. The entire construction is translated into words exactly, exactly. |
It was in 1896 that Popov transmitted the first radiogram. |
Exactly in 1896 Popov transmitted the first radiogram. |
4.1.1. A variant of the excretory construction “it is….. that” is the construction „ it wasnotuntil …. that (when, where)“.
In this case, the words „ are placed before the highlighted word during translation. only”, “only after”, “only when”:
It was not until the 17th century that man began to understand pressure- only V 17 century Human began realize, What such pressure.
