What is the difference between erect marigolds and rejected ones. Marigold. Growing from seeds. Marigolds are rejected and erect. Sowing and growing

Marigolds are perennial and annual plants that are part of the Aster family. The culture has erect shoots, which eventually form a sprawling or compact bush, depending on the species. Leaves can be pinnately dissected, pinnately dissected, serrated or whole with a dark or light green tint. They are located opposite on the stem.

Marigolds are distinguished by long flowering, from June to the first autumn frosts. The inflorescences consist of tubular and ligulate flowers, the corollas of which are arranged horizontally. Subsequently, fruits with seeds are formed, the germination of which lasts 3-4 years. Flowers are suitable for decorating flower beds, garden plots, alpine slides, as well as for creating group plantings. A feature of the culture is a characteristic smell, which is able to scare off pests, thereby preserving the harvest at their summer cottage.

In the wild, you can find about 50 varieties of this culture. But thanks to the intensive work of breeders, hybrids were created that are distinguished by their endurance and decorative properties. There are several main classifications of marigolds, which subdivide plants depending on the type, shape of the inflorescence and the height of the bush.

All varieties contain varieties combined in series and variety groups, within which crops have the same bush height and inflorescence shape, with the only difference being in the shade of flowers.

Marigolds are classified into the following types:

• thin-leaved;
• rejected;
• upright;
• radiant;
• Nelson;
• Lemmon;
• small.

The first three types are especially popular.

Thin-leaved view

Thin-leaved marigolds

Fine-leaved marigolds are compact, low-growing bushes, the height of which reaches 40 cm. Due to the strong branching of the shoots, they form bushes in the form of a ball. They are distinguished by small dissected leaves, which are alternately located on the stem. They have non-double inflorescences no more than 3 cm in diameter in red, yellow and orange shades. They are undemanding to the composition of the soil and are able to endure a lack of light. This species is thermophilic, and therefore, transplantation into open ground can be carried out only when the threat of late spring frosts has passed.

Flowering occurs in early June and continues until late autumn. At a temperature of 1-2 ° C, the plant dies.

Rejected view

Marigolds rejected

Rejected marigolds are medium and low-growing with a height of bushes from 20 to 60 cm. Inflorescences can be simple and double yellow and red-brown shades with a diameter of 4 to 7 cm. The flowering period begins from the beginning of June and lasts until the end of October. This species is distinguished by its unpretentiousness and can grow on any soil. It is used to decorate flower beds, front gardens, alpine hills, balconies, terraces.

Popular varieties of this variety:

Erect view

Erect marigolds

Erect marigolds form sprawling bushes of the reverse-pyramidal type with a height of 40 cm to 120 cm. The plant has a main stem, from which lateral shoots extend upward. The leaves are arranged alternately and have a characteristic pinnately dissected shape with denticles along the edge. Their shade can vary from light to dark green, depending on the variety series. This species is characterized by large inflorescences: simple, semi-double and double - with a diameter of 6 to 13 cm. Flowering occurs at the end of June and continues until the first frost.

The most popular varieties of this type:

Varieties in the shape of the inflorescence and height of the bushes

Marigolds differ not only depending on the species, but also in the structure of the inflorescences. Therefore, there are additional plant classifications that help to understand the whole variety of varieties and hybrids.

Depending on the structure of the inflorescences, marigolds are:

• chrysanthemum - mostly composed of large tubular flowers;
• anemone - the center is filled with tubular flowers, which are surrounded along the edge by reed flowers from 1 to 3 layers;
• carnation - consist of reed flowers with a characteristic dissection along the edge;
• simple - formed by one row of marginal reed flowers;
• semi-double - formed by 2-4 layers of reed flowers along the edge of the inflorescence;
• Terry - formed by numerous rows of tubular flowers in the middle and multilayer reed flowers along the edge of the inflorescence.

Plants also vary in the height of the bushes. Experts distinguish the following groups:

• giant - from 90 to 120 cm;
• tall - from 50 to 85 cm;
• medium-sized - 40-50 cm;
• undersized - 20-40 cm;
• dwarf - below 20 cm.

Growing features

The popularity of marigolds is due to their unpretentiousness and long flowering period. But growing from seed implies adherence to certain rules.

The culture does not tolerate low temperatures and, when the temperature drops to 10 ° C, it stops developing, and at zero temperature it dies.

Flowers can be grown by seedlings and by sowing directly into open ground. But in order to speed up flowering, it is preferable to use the first option. Flowering occurs in 1.5-2 months after planting, so it is not worth it. The optimal time is considered the beginning of April, in this case, by the end of May, it is possible to get well-formed seedlings with buds.

In the case of early sowing in February, additional illumination will be required in the evening, since with a lack of illumination, the plants stretch out.

The growing season of erect marigolds is longer than that of other species, so it is recommended to sow them a week earlier than others.

Landing

For planting, it is necessary to use wide containers with a height of 7–8 cm. A prerequisite is drainage holes to remove excess water.

The soil can be purchased in the store, choosing the species marked "for seedlings", or if you want to do it yourself. This will require the following components: peat - 30%, sand - 20%, sod soil - 30% and perlite - 10%. Three days before planting, the substrate must be watered with a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate ("potassium permanganate"): 0.02 mg per 1 liter of water or Maxim, which will prevent the development of root rot.

In the future, the procedure should be carried out in the following order:

1. 1. Place a 1 cm thick drainage layer underneath the container.
2. 2. Pour the prepared substrate over 2/3 of the entire container volume.
3. 3. Smooth the surface and seal.
4. 4. Water abundantly.
5. 5. Spread the seeds at a distance of 2 cm from each other.
6. 6. Sprinkle with a layer of earth 1 cm.
7. 7. Moisten the soil from above;
8. 8. Smooth and cover with glass or cling film.
9. 9. Put on the window and ensure the temperature is 22 ° C.

Periodically, the container with crops needs to be ventilated and condensate removed from the lid. After a week, seedlings will appear, then the temperature must be lowered to 18 ° C. This will help slow down the growth of the aerial part and allow the roots to form. After 3 days, the temperature should be raised to 20 ° C.

Growing in pills

It is also possible to grow marigolds in peat tablets, which will help to avoid plant stress during further transplantation. To do this, you need to saturate them with moisture for 5-7 minutes. Then plant the seeds, one copy in each tablet to a depth of 1 cm. Put everything in a common tray and cover. Plantings in peat tablets need to be moistened more often than usual, since the water in them evaporates faster.

When planting seeds in open ground, it is important that the soil warms up to a temperature of 15 ° C. Before the procedure, loosen the area and make rows 1.5–2 cm deep. Water and spread the seeds at a distance of 3 cm. Cover with a layer of earth and moisten the surface with a spray bottle. It is not necessary to cover crops with agrofibre. Flowering will come in mid-July.

Further care

Seedlings must be transplanted into separate containers when two true leaves appear for the full development of the roots. In this case, containers 9 cm in diameter should be used. The transplant soil is prepared according to the same principle as when sowing seeds, but it is recommended to add a little humus, which will improve the vegetation of the plants. In the future, you need to ensure that the soil is always slightly moist, since at this stage the culture needs regular watering and negatively tolerates the lack of water, which significantly slows down their growth.

Marigolds should be planted in open ground when the threat of late frosts has passed, since a sharp drop in temperature can lead to their death. It is recommended to choose a place that is well lit, but if necessary, light partial shade is allowed. Tall varieties should be planted at a distance of 40 cm between plants, medium-sized ones - 30 cm and low ones - 20 cm.

During the period of active growth, it is necessary to regularly water the marigolds in the absence of seasonal rains. After that, it is recommended to loosen the soil at the base of the plants, which will improve air access to the roots. With a lack of moisture at this time, the stems of the plant become thinner. When forming buds, watering should be reduced.

To improve and prolong flowering, it is necessary to carry out top dressing: during the period of active growth, during the formation of buds and during flowering. This procedure is optional, as plants can develop and bloom in poor soils.

At the first stage, you can use organic matter (chicken manure 1:20) or nitrogen fertilizer (calcium nitrate 30 g per 10 l of water). During the budding period, fertilizing should be applied in the following proportion: 20 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium sulfate and 15 g of calcium nitrate per 1 bucket of water. During flowering, superphosphate 20 g and potassium sulfate 15 g are required for the same volume of liquid.

Marigolds are highly resistant to diseases and pests. But in the event of a rainy summer, they can be susceptible to gray rot. In case of severe damage to individual specimens, they should be removed, and the rest of the plantings should be treated with Switch or Horus according to the instructions for them. During hot and dry periods, the culture suffers from spider mites. With a minor lesion, the plants can be helped by regular watering and moisturizing the foliage; if neglected, it is necessary to spray it with Actellik.

Subject to the simple rules of cultivation and care, marigolds are able to delight with abundant flowering throughout the summer.

Marigolds (lat.Tagetes)- flowers that differ in many species and varieties, among them there are both annual and perennial varieties. Marigolds, or marigolds, belong to the class dicotyledonous, superorder Asteranae, order astrocytes, aster family, aster subfamily, marigold tribe, marigold genus.

International scientific name: Tagetes ( Linnaeus).

Although this amazing flower was introduced to Europe in the 16th century, it received its scientific name only in the middle of the 17th century, when the naturalist Carl Linnaeus was creating a classification of species. The scientist, amazed by the beauty of the plant, named it after the beautiful Etruscan demigod Tages, who is the grandson of the supreme god Jupiter.

The flowers received the Russian name "marigolds" because of their petals, the surface of which resembles velvet. This feature is most pronounced in varieties with a dark color.

The British call this plant "marigold", which means "Mary's gold", the people of Germany know it as "Studentenblume" - a student's flower, and in Ukraine these beautiful flowers are called "black-shaved", or black-shaved flowers. For the inhabitants of China, these flowers are a symbol of health and longevity, it is not for nothing that they are called "flowers of a thousand years."

The flowering period of marigolds begins in June and lasts until the onset of frost. After its completion, a strongly flattened fetus black-brown or black in color. Each such seed pod contains many seeds that remain viable for 3-4 years. 1 gram usually contains from 270 to 700 seeds.

Types and varieties of marigolds, photos and names

According to the www.theplantlist.org database, there are currently 53 species of annual or perennial marigolds, the most famous of which are only 3 species (erect, deflected and thin-leaved). On their basis, breeders have developed a huge number of series and varieties. Below is a description of several varieties of marigolds.

Erect marigolds (African) ( Tagetes erecta)

This species includes annual plants with a fibrous root system. The compact or spreading bushes formed by these marigolds have a height of 0.4 to 1.2 meters and are inversely pyramidal in shape. The main shoot is pronounced, the lateral shoots look up. The color of unpaired pinnately dissected leaves with denticles along the edges varies from light green to dark green, and they are located on the stem in the next order. Large monochromatic, less often bicolor inflorescences in marigolds of this species can be simple, semi-double or double. The diameter of the inflorescences varies from 5 to 13 centimeters. The flowering period begins in late June or early July and ends with the first frost. Erect marigolds are suitable for flower beds, ridges, vases, balconies, cutting. The homeland of erect marigolds is Southern Mexico.

Series and varieties of erect marigolds: Albatross, Alaska, Antigua, Velvet season, White moon, Snow White, Shine, Vanilla, Hawaii, Gelber Stein, Glitters, Golden Fluffy, Hussars, Discovery, Dune, Uncle Stepa, Yellow stone, Golden dollar, Golden light, Golden prince, Golden age, Golden domes, Inca, Kilimanjaro, Astronaut, Crash, Crackerjack, Cupid, Lady, Lemon Queen, Lemon pie, Lemon prize, Lemon miracle, Maximix, Marvel, Mary Helen, Beach season, Prima gold, Spoon, Solar Giants, Taishan, Titan, Trulli, Smile, Science Fiction, Clapperboard, Popsicle, Amber Lace.

Antigua variety. Taken from the site: www.hishtil.com

Rejected marigolds ( Tagetes patula)

Synonyms - French marigolds or small-colored marigolds. This species is formed by perennial plants with numerous erect and highly branched stems, the height of which ranges from 15 to 60 centimeters. Lateral shoots are deflected. Cirrus dissected dark green leaves of small size with serrated edges are formed from several lobes of a linear-lanceolate shape. On the stems, the leaves are arranged both in the next and in the opposite order. Single, as well as the baskets of these marigolds collected in corymbose inflorescences grow up to 4-6 centimeters in diameter. The shape of the inflorescences can be simple, semi-double or double. In addition to monochromatic marigolds, many two-color varieties have been bred. The most intense flowering is observed during July and August. They begin to bloom in early June. The homeland of the rejected marigolds is the mountains of Mexico.

Series and varieties of rejected marigolds: Aluminum, Bonanza, Brocade Yellow, Gabi, Harmony, Hero, Gullebrand, Jolly Jester, Disco, Durango, Carmen, Red Cherry, Cross, Fight, Bolero, Capricious (Playful) Marietta, Little Hero, Mandarin, Mercedes, Coin, Orange Flame, Guy, Pascal, Petit Harmony, Petite Gold, Prosperity, Rusty Red, Safari, Striptease, Tiger Eyes, Fireball, Chica, Naughty Marietta.

Variety Tiger eyes. Taken from the site: www.impecta.se

Variety Capricious Marietta. Taken from the site: www.southernexposure.com

Narrow-leaved marigolds (thin-leaved, Mexican) ( Tagetes tenuifolia)

From these annuals, low, densely branched, compact marigold bushes are formed, the height of which can be from 20 to 50 cm. Straight naked shoots are light green in color. Light green small leaves of a pinnately dissected shape, which are arranged in a regular order on the shoots, are formed by narrow lobes with rare teeth. Abundantly flowering corymbose inflorescences are collected from simple five-petal baskets, the diameter of which ranges from 15 to 30 mm. The color of the inflorescences is one-color or two-color. Thanks to the highly branched stems, the whole plant looks like an almost perfect ball. This type of marigold begins to bloom in early June and ends with the first frost when the temperature drops to 1-2 ° C. Narrow-leaved marigolds are used for flower beds, borders, rabatki, vases and arrays. The homeland of narrow-leaved marigolds is the mountains of Mexico.

Series and varieties of thin-leaved marigolds: Gnome, Golden jam, Golden ring, Golden gem, Starlight, Starlight, Karina, Red gem, Lulu, Mimimix, Fire stars, Ornament, Paprika, Starshine, Starfire, Ursula.

Variety Ornament. Taken from the site: agbina.ru

Variety Lemon Jewel

Radiant marigolds (bright, clear) ( Tagetes lucida)

Other names for this species: Mexican tarragon, Spanish tarragon, sweet marigold. It is a perennial upright plant with bushes 40 to 80 centimeters high. The narrow green leaves, about 7.5 centimeters long, resemble natural tarragon leaves. Monochromatic golden flowers of simple marigolds do not exceed 1.5 centimeters in diameter. Radiant marigolds bloom from early June to late September. The leaves of this plant are harvested and used fresh and dried as a tarragon substitute, and an excellent food coloring is obtained from the dried flowers.

Taken from the site: www.chickenfish.cc

Nelson's Marigolds ( Tagetes nelsonii)

An ornamental, rather powerful plant, 90-120 cm high, with reddish shoots and dark green leaves. The species grows in Texas, found in Mexico. Marigolds have a very pleasant aroma of citrus fruits with a light fruity-musky note. The flowers of this marigold species are often used as a savory addition to fish and meat delicacies, or as a flavorful accent in baked goods.

Taken from the site: herbgarden.co.za

Lemmon's marigolds ( Tagetes lemmonii)

The second name is lemon marigolds. In the wild, these perennial marigolds, discovered in the late 19th century, grow in the highlands of the United States (in the canyons of southern Arizona) and in northern Mexico. The bushes of marigolds reach a height of 120 cm, the leaves of the plant are 5 to 15 cm long, the diameter of numerous yellow flowers is approximately 5 cm.The plant exudes an aroma reminiscent of citrus and mint amber with a subtle hint of camphor. Sometimes the smell of this plant is compared to the smell of tangerines. Marigolds attract many butterflies, which constantly circle above the flowers.

Tagetes filifolia

A plant with a bush height of 8 to 50 cm. In the wild, this species grows in the steppes, on the slopes of rocks, in pine and oak forests, feels at ease in corn fields, growing there like a weed. It is ubiquitous in a vast area from Mexico to Costa Rica. The bush has a pronounced anise aroma, the plant is quite unpretentious to the quality of the soil and easily tolerates drought.

Taken from the site: enseleits.de

Small marigolds ( Tagetes minuta)

Marigold species, with a bush height of 50 to 180-200 cm. The length of very fragrant dark green leaves varies from 5 to 20 cm, the diameter of rather small flowers does not exceed 15-25 mm. The leaves have deeply dissected edges and are located opposite to the stem. Small marigolds grow in the USA and Mexico, Brazil, southern Europe (France, Spain, Italy, Romania), southern Africa, China and Japan, India and Libya, Thailand and Turkey, Australia and New Zealand.

Taken from the site: www.terranuova.it

Classification of marigolds by the height of the bush

In floriculture, a classification is used, in which the division is carried out according to the height of the plant, the shape of the inflorescences and their color.

The height of the bush is distinguished:

• Giant marigolds (90-120 cm);
• Tall (tall) marigolds (60-90 cm);
• Medium-sized marigolds (45-60 cm);
• Low-growing (low) marigolds (25-45 cm);
• Dwarf marigolds (up to 20 cm).

Giant marigolds, varieties, photos and names

These include plants that reach a height of 90 cm to 120 cm. Most often, giants marigolds are found among erect plants. The most famous varieties of giant marigolds:

• Gold Dollar- early annual hybrid variety without aroma characteristic of marigolds. The variety belongs to erect marigolds. The bushes are dense, the shoots are strong and thick, 0.9-1.2 m high, with rather large light green leaves. From the first ten days of June until frost appears, they are decorated with terry baskets of medium-sized inflorescences, with a diameter of 7 to 8 cm. The inflorescences, resembling a carnation in their shape, consist of red and orange-red petals.

• Lemon Queen (Lemon Queen) - beautiful lemon marigolds with rather high (up to 120 cm) bushes. Inflorescences are light yellow or golden in color, up to 9-10 cm in diameter. Blooms profusely in July-August.

Taken from the site: ntes21.ru

• "Orange"- Marigold bushes of this variety reach 1 meter in height. Large (up to 15-17 cm in diameter) orange terry inflorescences delight the eye from June until the first frost, ideal for cutting - they stand in water for 2 weeks.

Taken from the site: www.kerneliv.dk

Tall (tall) marigolds, varieties, photos and names

The height of the bushes ranges from 60 cm to 90 cm.

• "Yellow Stone" (Gelber Stein)- a one-year-old variety, forms bushes about 70-80 cm high. The plant has beautiful densely double inflorescences of rich yellow color. The diameter of marigolds is up to 15 cm. The plant begins to bloom in early June.

• Frills- the bushes of this late variety of marigolds grow up to 80 cm in height and up to 8 cm in diameter. In the last decade of July or at the very beginning of August, large, double, clove-shaped inflorescences-baskets appear on them, which consist of reed petals of rich shades of orange and golden. Flowering from late July until the first frost.
• "Lemon Prince" (Zitronen prinz)- an upright plant forms tall (65-80 cm), standard and rather dense bushes. A pinkish bloom is visible on the dark green shoots of this variety. Terry carnation inflorescences of marigolds are rather large - 8-10 cm in diameter. When they fully open, they look like lemon yellow balls. Marigolds of this variety bloom from June-July to September.

Taken from the site: www.rastenya.com

• Hawaii- erect annuals are compact bushes that grow up to 90 cm in height. From mid-summer (from July) to mid-autumn, large double clove-shaped inflorescences in the form of orange hemispheres with a diameter of 10 to 12 cm open on strong light green peduncles.

Medium-sized marigolds, varieties, photos and names

The height of the plants included in this group ranges from 45 to 60 cm.

• Among white erect marigolds of medium height, perhaps one of the most beautiful is the variety "Kilimanjaro" (Kilimanjaro). This annual hybrid plant forms weakly branched shrubs from 40 to 50-60 cm in height, with a pronounced main shoot. The attractiveness of the variety is explained by large densely double inflorescences 7-10 cm in diameter, resembling balls with an unusual vanilla-white color. Abundant flowering begins in June and lasts until frost.

Taken from the site: www.ruscemena.ru

• Thin-leaved marigolds of this group are represented by numerous varieties, among which stands out Golden Ring, or Golden Ring. Despite the thin densely branched shoots with narrowly dissected leaves, the spherical bushes of these marigolds are quite compact and reach a height of 40-50 cm. Small simple inflorescences do not exceed 25-30 mm in diameter. They are composed of small orange tubular petals in the center of the inflorescence and bright yellow, bent down, reed petals. Flowering lasts from the first days of June and ends with the onset of the first frost.

Marigolds undersized, varieties, photos and names

They are presented in varieties, the height of which ranges from 0.25 to 0.45 m.

• This large group includes the "Bonanza" series, obtained as a result of selection from rejected marigolds. Annual miniature bushes of this series have a height of no more than 30 cm. Terry inflorescences up to 6 cm in diameter can be painted in any color, from rich yellow to red-orange. Variety Bonanza Deep Orange (Bonanza Deep Orange) is one of the most beloved among florists. This is a beautiful early flowering variety with compact bushes, the height of which ranges from 0.25 to 0.3 m, and the width does not exceed 20 cm. Terry inflorescences with a diameter of 5 to 6 cm are colored deep orange.

• A series of varieties "Discovery" bred from erect marigolds. Although small bushes do not exceed a height of 20-25 cm. The inflorescences, abundantly covering them, are rather large in size and have a bright saturated color. Many gardeners and florists grow marigolds on their plots. Discovery Yellow or Discovery Orange (Discovery Orange) ... They are annual plants with compact shrubs.

Shoots with numerous pinnately dissected, bluish-green leaves are dotted with large and dense densely double inflorescences of bright yellow or orange color. The diameter of the inflorescences is 8 cm. The flowering of marigolds begins in the first days of June and lasts until the onset of frost.

Taken from the site: www.benary.com

Dwarf marigolds, varieties, photos and names

This group consists of plants, the height of which does not exceed 20 cm. It includes a variety of varieties of rejected, thin-leaved and erect marigolds.

• Among the representatives of the rejected marigolds, the most interesting is the Boy series, which consists of annual varieties with compact branched bushes 15 to 20 cm high and about 20 cm wide. The cirrus-dissected marigold leaves growing on lateral shoots are dark -green color. The diameter of yellow, orange or two-colored double inflorescences, which abundantly cover the bushes, ranges from 4 to 6 cm.The most interesting of this series is the marigold variety Harmony. It is distinguished by its magnificent inflorescences, consisting of golden-yellow middle flowers, which are surrounded by brownish-brown ligulate flowers with a thin golden edging.

• Among the thin-leaved marigolds of the dwarf group, the most widespread is the annual series "Mimimix" (Mimimix). The varieties of this series form dense compact spherical shrubs with a height of only about 20-25 cm. The leaves are narrow, pinnately dissected, dark green in color.

The inflorescences are simple, about 20 mm in diameter, colored in various shades and tones of yellow, red or orange. Marigolds begin to bloom in July and finish blooming in the last decade of September.

• Among dwarf erect marigolds, the variety is very popular Lunacy OrangeOrange). Its compact bushes reach a height of 15-20 cm.

The diameter of the bush reaches 20-25 cm. A distinctive feature of these marigolds are dense chrysanthemum inflorescences of bright orange color.

Taken from the site: www.hpsseed.com

Types of marigolds in the shape of inflorescences, photos and names

According to the shape of the inflorescences and the number of reed flowers, marigolds are:

• Simple,
• Semi-double,
• Terry,
  • Anemone,
  • Cloves,
  • Chrysanthemum.

A more detailed description of them is presented below.

Simple marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Simple inflorescences consist of a small number of central tubular flowers and one row of reed flowers.

• "Lemon Jam", or "Lemon Jam" (Lemon Jam)

an annual low-growing variety, bred as a result of the selection of thin-leaved marigolds and reaching a height of 0.25 m. Small simple inflorescences 3-4 centimeters in size are painted in gold or yellow, and their center consists of small bright orange tubular flowers.

• A representative of the simple group of thin-leaved marigolds is the variety "Paprika" (Paprika). It is distinguished by dwarf (no more than 20-25 cm) strongly branched spherical bushes. Cirro-dissected leaves growing on thin shoots are colored light green.

These are very beautiful marigolds, the period of abundant flowering of which begins in June and ends at the end of September. Simple flat baskets with a bright yellow center are fiery red, and their diameter does not exceed 20-30 mm.

Taken from the site: www.hageniboks.no

Semi-double marigolds, varieties, photos and names

For the formation of semi-double marigolds, at least 2-3 rows of reed flowers are required. This group includes:

• The full representative of the rejected marigolds of the semi-double group is grade "Gold Ball", or "Gold ball" (Gold Ball). Its sprawling bushes with strong, highly branched shoots and small green leaves can reach a height of 50-60 cm.The inflorescences are simple and semi-double, their diameter is 4-5 cm.

The tubular petals of marigolds, which are located in one or two rows in the center of the inflorescence, are colored bright yellow with a golden tint. The lingual petals located at the edges are reddish brown in color. This is an early variety of marigolds: the beginning of their flowering occurs in the first decade of June.

• "Red Brocada" (RedBrokade)

an annual low-growing variety from the Brokade series, bred from rejected marigolds. A highly branched but compact bush only grows up to 25 cm in height. A semi-double inflorescence of medium size (about 4-5 cm in diameter) consists of slightly corrugated ligulate flowers, which are colored yellowish and red-brown.

Terry marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Terry marigolds are formed by a large number of flowers, both reed and tubular.

• An example of such an inflorescence structure is grade "Eskimo" (Рopsicle) being a hybrid. This is a low-growing plant with a bush height of up to 40 cm. Its inflorescences, resembling balls in shape, and vanilla-white ice cream in color, reach 6-10 cm in diameter and delight with their beauty, starting from the first decade of July until the very frost.

• Aztec Lime Green

Very unusual marigolds of light green color. Densely double inflorescences have a diameter of 10-12 cm. The height of the plant is 45 cm. The variety is resistant to heat.

Taken from the site: www.parkswholesaleplants.com

• "Fantastic" (Fantastic)

Tall varieties of marigolds, growing up to 0.7 m and delighting gardeners with their flowering from the beginning of summer until the first frost. Large inflorescences with a diameter of 8 to 11 cm are composed of narrow tubular flowers. The color of dense double baskets can be golden (Fantastic Gold), yellow (Fantastic Yellow) or orange (Fantastic Orange).

Taken from the site: gardeners.s3.amazonaws.com

• Strawberry Blonde

Annual variety. A low-growing plant with bushes up to 25 cm high, 15-20 cm wide and medium-sized inflorescences resembling a carnation in shape. Throughout the flowering period, the baskets can change their color, ranging from bright yellow to terracotta tones. In addition, the intensity of the color change is influenced by the air temperature. At low temperatures, variations occur slowly, but with a high contrast between colors. An increase in temperature speeds up the process, but the color contrast is significantly reduced.

Taken from the site: www.gardenclinic.com.au

Anemonic marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Anemonic marigolds consist of large tubular flowers in the center, and ligulate flowers surrounding them, arranged in 1, 2 or even 3 rows.

• This type of inflorescence structure includes marigold varieties series "Durango" ("Durango") (Durango) created from rejected marigolds. These are low annual plants with a bush height of 20-30 cm and with inflorescences about 55-60 mm in size. The series includes varieties of marigolds with golden yellow, red-brown and bright orange colors. Of greatest interest among gardeners is the Durango Mix variety, which attracts attention with its unusual inflorescences, painted in a variety of tones, from yellow and burgundy to variegated.

Clove (clove) marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Carnation marigolds consist mainly of ligulate flowers, the petals of which are dissected along the outer edge.

• A typical example of such an inflorescence structure is marigolds "Carmen"... It is an annual plant that forms shrubs no more than 0.3 m in height, which are abundantly covered with foliage. The petals of the ligulate flowers are slightly corrugated and colored red-brown, while the tubular central flowers are yellow-orange in color. The size of the inflorescence of marigolds reaches 50 mm. The flowering period lasts from early summer to early autumn.

Taken from the site: dachanaladoni.ru

• Black Velvet (BlackVelvet)

annual marigolds, bred on the basis of small-flowered marigolds. This is a low-growing plant up to 30 cm high with a compact bush, on which small inflorescences up to 6 cm in diameter bloom profusely, painted in dark cherry color and framed with a thin orange border. Inflorescences are terry, clove-shaped. The flowering of marigolds lasts from the beginning of summer and ends with the onset of frost.

Chrysanthemum marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Chrysanthemum marigolds are almost entirely formed by tubular flowers. The prominent representatives of this group are one-year varieties derived from erect marigolds:

• Taishan

Low-growing flowers about 0.25-0.3 m high. From late spring to early autumn, marigold bushes are covered with rather large inflorescences, consisting of wide tubular flowers. The size of the baskets reaches 70-80 mm in diameter. This series includes varieties with golden (Gold), orange (Orange) and yellow (Yellow) baskets.

Taken from the site: 1semena.ru

• "VanillaFone" (Vanilla F1)

An annual undersized hybrid with a compact bush, the height of which does not exceed 40 cm, and the width of the bush is about 25 cm. Large inflorescences about 7 cm in size, resembling a ball in shape, are painted in a delicate creamy white color. Flowering begins in the last decade of May and ends with a cold snap.

Where do marigolds grow?

Today marigolds are cultivated in almost all countries of Europe, Asia, Africa and South America. In the wild, marigolds grow in Spain and Portugal, France and Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Poland and Belarus, throughout Russia. These flowers are found in India, Pakistan, China, but the largest growing area is noted in Peru, Chile, Venezuela, Paraguay and other countries of South America, as well as in Mexico. These flowers are rather unpretentious to external conditions, therefore they easily tolerate the periodic lack of watering, poor soil and even weed infestation of the site.

The healing properties of marigolds

In addition to the beautiful appearance, which gives an aesthetic pleasure, as well as the pleasant aroma inherent in these flowers, marigolds are widely used for cosmetic, medicinal and culinary purposes.

Throughout the growing season, the plant accumulates essential oil in all its parts, containing several unique components. In terms of the content of some biologically active substances, marigolds are ahead of many medicinal herbs and plants. They contain:

• ocytomen,
• apinen,
• sabinen,
• carotene,
• lutein,
• myrcene,
• citral,
• pigments,
• alkaloids and flavonoids.

The amber-yellow marigold oil has a pleasant aroma, mixed with notes of oriental spices and fruits. Marigold oil has the following medicinal properties:

• antimicrobial,
• antifungal,
• antispasmodic,
• antiseptic,
• sedatives.

Marigold petals contain potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, selenium, copper, gold and zinc, as well as vitamins C, A, E, folic acid and rutin.

Spanish Brocade variety. Taken from the site: www.southernexposure.com

How to make marigold oil?

To prepare the healing oil from marigolds, finely chop the green material from the stems, leaves and flowers, and then pour it with olive oil in a ratio of 1:10. After keeping the mixture in a dark place for 10 days, it is placed in a water bath, after which the resulting extract is drained and filtered. You need to store the drug in a cool place, after pouring it into dark glass bottles. Marigold oil is powerful and should be used with caution. It helps lower blood pressure, promotes wound healing, and relieves skin infections.

Infusion of marigolds and the method of its preparation

Due to the antiseptic properties of this plant, inhalations with its infusions are used to treat viral and bacterial diseases of the respiratory system. This procedure can be carried out both with the help of special devices, and in the old fashioned way over the kettle. For the infusion, 5 buds are enough, which are filled with boiling water (no more than 300 ml).

Marigold broth and cooking method

Pain from arthrosis or other joint pathologies can be reduced by taking marigold decoctions. This water extract is prepared in large volumes and has a lower concentration. A decoction is prepared from dried or fresh inflorescences. It is enough to take about 20-30 of them and insist for an hour. It is advisable to ask your doctor about the frequency and volume of the drug taken.

Taken from the site: www.mintandperilla.com

The use of marigolds in cosmetology

The aromatic and medicinal properties of marigolds have long been used in cosmetology. The extracts of these flowers are included in perfumes and nourishing creams of all French perfumers. In addition, many women make masks based on decoctions of these flowers or nourishing balms from a mixture of olive and almond oil, infused for two weeks in one tablespoon of crushed inflorescences.

Marigolds in cooking

The dried and crushed marigold flowers are used as a condiment known as Imeretian saffron. They give food not only a special spicy taste, but also a beautiful golden color. Marigold leaves and flowers are found in some salads, and are also used for canning vegetables. Marinade, to which a couple of inflorescences have been added, give the cucumbers special elasticity and make them crispy. The inflorescence of marigolds is a raw material from which food colors are produced, which have a rich yellow or yellow-orange color.

Harm of marigolds and contraindications

It should be remembered that people who have allergic reactions to the active substances that make up the stems, leaves or flowers of the plant, as well as women during pregnancy, are contraindicated to use drugs, ointments, balms and seasonings from marigolds.

Taken from the site: maya-ethnobotanicals.com

Marigolds: growing and care

Due to the natural beauty of marigolds, as well as due to the long flowering period, they are used to decorate city parks, garden plots and adjoining territories. The planting site depends on the size of the bush. So giant, tall or medium-sized varieties of marigolds are used to decorate the center of flower beds or the background of a flower garden, and from undersized plants they form colorful flower borders. Marigolds are suitable for growing in floor vases, large pots, balcony boxes and even flowerpots, and cut flowers can stand for a long time in a regular vase.

The soil

In Russia, flower growers are mainly engaged in the cultivation of thin-leaved, erect and rejected marigolds. Despite the fact that these plants are quite unpretentious and can grow on almost any soil, the most intense flowering is achieved on fertile, neutral, loamy soils, which are sufficiently fertilized and moist. To enrich the soil with the necessary minerals and trace elements, any of the complete mineral fertilizers is introduced into it, but not manure. When creating conditions for a full supply of oxygen to the root system at the planting site, they provide good drainage, which can be used as compost.

Temperature and lighting

Marigold flowers are heat-loving plants, so they should be planted in sunny areas, although a light shade will not harm them. The best temperature for optimal vegetation and full bloom is between + 20 ° C and + 23 ° C. In cooler temperatures, the sprouts will slow down and the leaves will turn pale green. The first frosts usually kill the plants. In overly shaded areas, shoot growth is accelerated and flowering is inhibited.

Humidity

Long-term torrential rains can adversely affect the condition of marigolds, causing decay of inflorescences and fungal diseases of the root system, but these plants tolerate drought quite easily, since they come from the sunny and arid regions of South America and Mexico.

Taken from the site: cubicfootgardening.com

Ways of planting marigolds

In floriculture, 2 methods of breeding marigolds are used:

• sowing seeds directly into the soil,
• seedling method.

Flowers, planted by direct sowing into the ground, begin to delight with their flowering only in the middle of summer, but planting prepared seedlings makes it possible to admire the beauty of plants already at the beginning of June.

When to plant marigolds?

The timing of planting marigolds in open ground depends on the air temperature. Sowing seeds or planting seedlings should be done only after the night temperature does not drop below + 5 ° C. In southern regions with a mild and warm climate, planting can begin from mid-April, and in areas with a temperate climate, it is better to postpone this process until the second decade of May.

Germinating marigold seeds

In order for the seedlings to be friendly and strong, the planting material is germinated. This preparation method is equally used for sowing seeds directly in open ground, and for growing marigold seedlings.

Germinating seeds is not difficult. To do this, wrap the marigold seeds of the selected variety in a damp cotton cloth. Then the bundle should be placed in a shallow flat saucer and placed in a transparent plastic bag. Now it remains to put the container with the wetted planting material in a warm and bright place and wait two to three days. When the seeds hatch, you can start planting.

Marigolds Antigua F1. Taken from the site: agbina.ru

Planting marigolds by seeds in open ground

On the site prepared for sowing marigolds, using a hoe, you need to make shallow (no more than 2 centimeters) grooves, into which the germinated seeds of marigolds should be laid with an interval of about 15-20 millimeters. Then you need to cover them with a layer of soil at least one centimeter thick. With a thicker layer, it will be difficult for the sprouts to break through, and they may die, and if there is insufficient powder, it will simply dry out. Watering should be done carefully and in moderation, avoiding both excessive waterlogging and leaching of seeds from the soil. The first shoots can be observed after 7-8 days. You can cover the planting site with agrofibre or any other non-woven material (acrylic or lutrasil). When 2 or 3 true leaves appear on the shoots, you can thin out and plant the plants in accordance with the variety, height and width of the bush.

To enjoy flowering in the last days of May or in the first ten days of June, sowing marigolds for seedlings should be carried out during the whole of March and the first half of April. Those who want to grow several different species should take into account that in March, the seeds of erect marigolds should be sown, and small-leaved and rejected marigolds - in the first two weeks of April. In this case, flowering will occur at the same time in early June.

Growing healthy and strong seedlings of these flowers is not difficult at all, but some nuances should be observed. The best substrate for the germination of marigolds can be considered a mixture of equal amounts of humus, peat, sod land and half the norm of clean coarse river sand. To destroy pests and weed seeds that may be in the soil mixture, it is necessary to disinfect it. To do this, you can use any fungicide or a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).

To avoid stagnation of water in the substrate, a drainage layer with a thickness of at least 3 centimeters is poured onto the bottom of the planting box or container. For this, you can use fine gravel, gravel, expanded clay or even coarse sand. Two-thirds of the required volume of soil mixture is poured onto the drainage, which is compacted using a rammer. The rest of the substrate must be in a loose state so that the root system of the seedlings is adequately supplied with oxygen.

Do not fill the seed box or container to the top: there should be 10-20 millimeters of free space from the top of the container to the soil surface. Now you need to spill the prepared substrate with water and let the container or box stand in a warm room for a couple of days so that the soil mixture reaches the desired structure. To remove excess moisture from the soil mixture, the container, at the bottom of which several small holes are made, must be equipped with a special tray.

Before planting marigolds on seedlings, the surface of the substrate should be slightly loosened and shallow grooves should be made with an interval of about two centimeters. The seeds that have hatched should be laid out in these grooves every 10-15 millimeters, and then they should be covered with a layer of substrate no more than 10 mm thick. After that, the entire planting surface is very carefully watered, and the container is covered with a transparent material (plastic bag, food container lid, glass, etc.) and taken to a warm room with a temperature from + 22 ° C to + 25 ° C.

It is necessary to ensure that the soil does not dry out, and periodically carry out watering... When the first sprouts of marigolds appear, the container with the seedlings is transferred to a lighter and cooler room, in which the temperature fluctuates between 15-18 ° C. At the same time, they begin to "accustom" the seedlings to fresh air, for which they carry out daily airing. In addition, it will greatly reduce the risk of some diseases typical for seedlings. If there is the slightest suspicion that a seedling is infected with a black leg, it must be removed along with a lump of substrate. After that, the resulting hole should be filled with fresh soil mixture, and then the entire soil, together with the sprouts, should be treated with a fungicide solution.

When friendly shoots of marigolds appear, the shelter is completely removed. During this period, watering is carried out only after the earth in the seedling container has dried out. Also, you should not allow the accumulation of water in the pan, therefore, some time after watering, excess liquid should be drained from it. In order for the seedlings to grow strong and healthy, it is recommended to feed them with special fertilizers for seedlings twice a month.

If all the planted marigold seeds sprout, the sprouts will be quite cramped in a container or box. In this case, you will need pick... This operation is carried out some time after watering. In a separate container with the same substrate as for growing seedlings, wells are prepared into which the sprouts removed from the container with a spoon are transplanted. Planting is carried out by burying the plants almost to the cotyledons, which will lead to more intense and abundant root formation. A signal of readiness of marigold seedlings for planting in open ground can be considered the appeared 2 or 3 real leaves.

Planting marigold seedlings in open ground

In open ground, seedlings are planted in mid or late May in pre-prepared soil. To do this, the area selected for planting is dug up to a depth of no more than 25 centimeters and complex fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are introduced into it. After that, the soil is again dug up and watered. The amount of applied mineral fertilizers should not exceed 30 g / m 2.

After waiting some time for the water to be absorbed into the soil, prepare the holes in which the seedlings will be planted. The distance between the holes and adjacent rows of marigolds depends on their type and variety. For giant and tall plants, this figure is 40 centimeters, medium-sized flowers should be planted after 30 centimeters, but undersized and dwarf marigolds are planted after 20 centimeters.

The depth of the seedling holes should be such that the root collar of the plant is deepened into the soil by 10-20 millimeters. After the root system is neatly placed in the hole, the void around the roots must be carefully filled and the soil slightly compacted. Next, you should water the seedlings well, avoiding excessive waterlogging. It is noteworthy that, unlike many plants, marigolds are not afraid of water getting on the leaves.

Marigold care

Further care for these flowers is quite simple.

• In order for the bushes to bloom profusely, you need remove weeds and periodically loosen the soil not only between the plants, but also between the rows.
• Despite the fact that marigolds are unpretentious, application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers will have a beneficial effect on the appearance of the bushes, making the flowering more lush. One or two root dressings for the entire season will be enough, performed when the first buds appear and after the beginning of abundant flowering. It is not worth using nitrogen fertilizers, as this will lead to the growth of shoots and to inhibition of the development of inflorescences.
• In addition, to make the plant look lush and tidy, you need to periodically remove inflorescences, which have already faded, and carry out formative pruning of marigolds.

In the fall, after the onset of frost, marigolds die. Plants need to be removed from the ground, finely chopped and embedded in the ground during autumn digging.

This measure will allow for the prevention of fungal infections of the soil.

Taken from the site: nhg.typepad.com

Diseases of marigolds, photos and names

Like all plants, marigolds can also get sick.

• For example, if the summer is cool and rainy, or if the bushes are planted too close to each other, dark brown spots often appear on the leaves of the plants and on their stems. This disease is called "Gray rot" and leads to the death of not only the infected bush, but can also cause the spread of fungal infection to other plants. To avoid this, you must immediately dig up all marigold bushes affected by gray rot and destroy them.
• Excessive moisture can also lead to slugs and snails... You can get rid of them using manual collection or jars of bleach, which need to be placed between the rows. The pungent smell emanating from them scares away pests.
• In hot dry summers, especially when irrigation is carried out irregularly and in insufficient quantities, the plants are exposed to the invasion spider mite... You can get rid of this dangerous pest by spraying the bushes with infusions of special plants, since marigolds do not tolerate chemicals well. For the preparation of infusions, you can use onions, yarrow or red hot peppers. If infection with a spider mite has not yet occurred, it is possible to spray the bushes with plain water as a preventive measure two or three times a day.

It is noteworthy that the phytoncides contained in the roots, stems and leaves of marigolds prevent the development of most fungal diseases not only in the flowers themselves, but also serve as an excellent protection for those plants that grow next to them. Therefore, many experienced gardeners create a kind of flower borders around the plantings of tomatoes, potatoes or berry bushes.

Taken from the site: www.netpsplantfinder.com

• Erect marigold flowers have the ability to draw out heavy metals accumulated in the soil, which makes it possible to use them for land decontamination work.
• The first written mention of marigolds appeared at the end of the 16th century in a fundamental study of the Spanish missionary, historian and linguist Bernardino de Sahagun.
• In India, marigolds are considered sacred flowers, therefore they are strewn at the foot of the statues of the god Krishna.
• The scent emanating from the leaves is more persistent and pungent than the scent emitted by the inflorescences.
• In the language of flowers, which in the era of Queen Victoria was used for the hidden expression of feelings, marigolds meant fearlessness, courage, unparalleled courage and were a symbol of the royal lion.
• The people of Mexico still use the leaves of the plant as a diaphoretic or diuretic, as well as in the treatment of fever. For food poisoning, marigolds are used to induce vomiting and empty the stomach.
• The aroma emanating from marigolds attracts bees, wasps, beetles and other pollinating insects, therefore, by planting such flowers near cucumbers or other crops, you can achieve a significant increase in yield.
• In the era of the birth and spread of Christianity, the inhabitants of the British Isles surrounded the images of the Blessed Virgin Mary with wreaths that were woven from marigolds. The flowers symbolized gold coins.
• According to Orthodox scriptures, when Mary and Joseph were forced to flee to Egypt, a gang of robbers followed them. When the pursuers overtook the fugitives, they took away their wallet. But how surprised the bandits were when, having opened it, they found not silver or gold, but marigold inflorescences.
• The indigenous Indians of South America in their legends and legends associate the flowers of the plant with the divine sun luminary.
• Marigolds are grown not only for decorative purposes. There are species that are cultivated for use in the food industry and the production of alcoholic beverages.

– annual or perennial flowers from the Astrov family. The birthplace of this amazing flower is America. In the XYI century, various types of marigolds were brought to Spain, after which they spread throughout Europe. The flower has erect stems, which are collected in compact or branched bushes from 20 cm to a meter in height. Flowers range from deep yellow to brown and red. Most gardeners choose this flower for decorating their site because marigolds begin to bloom in summer and continue to bloom until the very frost. Marigolds have a specific smell that not everyone may like. Decorative varieties of marigolds have about 60 varieties and hybrids. We will introduce you in more detail to the most popular marigolds in our latitudes.

Rejected marigolds (French)

One of the most popular types of marigolds is French, or rejected, whose homeland is the mountain ranges of Mexico. Gardeners most often choose them for their front gardens and alpine slides. French marigolds are short plants, reaching a height of up to 50 cm. The flowers are small, 4 centimeters in diameter, in all shades of orange. Blooms from early summer to late October. The plant is unpretentious to soil conditions and can grow almost anywhere. It is very popular as a decoration for the balcony. The most common groups of rejected marigolds are discussed below.

Did you know? Marigolds can bloom even with a small amount of soil, due to which they are often used in decorating houses.

Variety Vilmorin grows in the form of a small shrub and reaches a height of no more than 26 centimeters. The flower is interesting in that its fruits seem to be slightly double and the inflorescences are small, graceful bows. Usually Vilmorin's color is quite bright, rich yellow.

This variety of French marigolds does not exceed 25 cm in height. Great for single balcony plantings, as well as carpet beds. The bushes of the plant are quite dense, with rich shaggy inflorescences. After the inflorescence blooms, the flowers take on a rich red color. Over time, the flowers acquire a beautiful cherry hue, due to which the variety was named.

Quite a sprawling bush with dense erect stems. Very bright green color with slightly visible brownish spots. Inflorescences of rich yellow color, slightly terry, up to 6 cm in diameter. It begins to bloom early, in the first week of June. This variety is especially good for cutting.

Did you know? On the territory of Ukraine, marigolds are called black shaves.

Densely growing bushes, about 25 cm high, with dense foliage. Stems are persistent, with a reddish bloom. Terry inflorescences, small, up to 4 cm in diameter. The flowers are yellow, with time they acquire golden hues. Also along the edges of the inflorescence, you can see bright red tongues. Perfect for both single plantings and flower beds.

Marigold Golden ball is a compact bush that does not exceed 30 cm in height. The flowers are double, colorful, rich golden color. The inflorescences are medium-sized, a little more than two centimeters in diameter, very similar to small pads. The variety is also notable for the fact that it can withstand light frosts. Good for carpet beds.

Important! Marigold leaves have a stronger odor than a flower, which can cause allergic reactions.

The Carmen variety is a spreading plant no higher than 30 cm high. The inflorescences are pleasant, double, slightly large, up to 6 cm in diameter. The flowers are very beautiful, yellow in the middle, and the petals are red-brown at the edges. Blooms profusely from early summer to September. She tolerates the transplant without any problems.

The variety grows in small dense bushes, no more than 30 cm in height. It blooms luxuriously, the flowers are iridescent with yellow colors at the edges and bright burgundy in the middle. The largest inflorescences can be up to 7 centimeters long. Very suitable for group plantings and looks great in cut.

This variety of rejected marigolds grows closely together. Resistant stems with dense foliage. Terry inflorescences, up to 4 cm in diameter, consisting of tubular, orange flowers with red dots and a bright orange spot in the middle. Ideal for balconies.

Did you know? In our area, marigolds are used for seasoning dishes. It is called Imeretian saffron.

Quite branched vigorous bushes of rich green color, slightly ribbed with a red bloom. The height of this variety can reach 70 cm. Inflorescences are standard, up to 4 centimeters in diameter. The flowers are interesting, red with brown in the middle, gradually turning downward into bright yellow. It blooms early and continues to bloom until the very frost. Very well worth cutting.

Marigolds fine-leaved (Mexican)

Thin-leaved or Mexican marigolds are no less popular among gardeners. They do not require a special approach to planting and care. They are small bushes up to 40 cm in height, with small leaves. This subspecies has been cultivated for more than two hundred years. The leaves of this variety are often used even for culinary purposes. Some of the varieties of this species grow wild on roadsides, calmly transferring dust, exhaust fumes and contaminated soil.

So if your site is not with very fertile soil or in complete darkening, you can safely plant this type of low marigold. He will perfectly endure all natural adversity. It will also feel good in single plantings, in flowerpots or on balconies.

Important! Marigolds do not tolerate low temperatures, and at temperatures below 10 degrees they stop growing.

The Golden Ring variety is a fairly large bush that grows more than half a meter in height. Shoots are very fragile, in the form of a spreading bush. Inflorescences are tiny, up to three centimeters in diameter. The bright yellow flowers bloom in early summer and bloom before the onset of cold weather.

Marigold Gnome is a low, up to 25 cm shrub, the stems of which, growing next to each other, can form a dense carpet. Inflorescences are small, consist of several reeds. The bush is distinguished by dense foliage. The flowers are spherical, orange-brown at the edges and bright yellow on the inside. It begins to bloom quite early.

Bushes with a large number of fragile shoots take on a spherical shape and can grow up to half a meter in height. Inflorescences are small, only up to 2 cm in diameter. The flowering tongues are rich yellow, with brown spots along the edges. It can bloom until the very frost. Good for raised curbs.

Lulu marigolds are profusely blooming varieties. Sprawling bush with neat thin leaves. Inflorescences are small, reaching up to 3 cm in diameter. The flowers are spherical, from yellow to lemon in color. Well suited for growing in flowerpots and balcony plantings.

Did you know? Marigolds planted near cucumbers will attract more pollinating insects and ward off most of the aphids.

The Paprika variety is distinguished by its decorative effect. On very dissected leaves, small, non-double inflorescences are located in an almost dense carpet. Bushes are dense, ball-shaped. Flowers are bright fiery color, with a yellow spot in the middle. Used for ubiquitous plantings. This variety tends to scare off a considerable part of pests.

Erect marigolds (African)

The third most popular are African, or erect marigolds. They differ from their counterparts in tall bushes that reach more than a meter in height. All flowers are double, they can be up to 15 cm in diameter! The varieties are erect, so they can look great both in single plantings and among flower beds and border decoration. Flowers are most often monochromatic, but pleasing to the eye with bright colors. African marigolds are grown mainly for cutting and can stand in a vase for a very long time. Look great both alone and in combination with other colors.

Annual upright shrubs with long lateral stems that grow up to one meter. Inflorescences can reach up to 12 cm in size. The flowers are delicate, white-cream in color, at the peak of flowering they take the shape of a ball. For early flowering, can be planted in mid-spring. Grown to create colorful clusters in flower beds and for cutting.

Bolero marigolds are a relatively recently bred variety. The bushes do not exceed a height of 30 cm, forming a compacted carpet. The inflorescences are modest, but quite double. When blooming, it plays with magical colors - from brown to red and yellow-golden. This type of marigold is fast-growing and blooms before frost.

An annual plant, sometimes it grows almost a meter. Bushes are rather branched at the root with very deflected lateral shoots. Inflorescences are large, reaching more than 15 cm in diameter, double and spherical. The color shimmers from yellow to golden. It blooms very well on balconies, and in winter - at home.

A very tall plant in its kind. At maximum height, it can reach more than a meter. The bush is very compact, the stems grow side by side, and they are quite sturdy with large leaves. The inflorescences are large, bright red, sometimes with a shade of orange. Looks good when cut.

This type of marigold grows compactly, on strong green stems with red blotches. The height of this species is not higher than 80 cm. The leaves are large, the inflorescences are slightly rounded, terry, up to 10 cm in diameter. The flower petals are bright orange in color. The variety is quite late and begins to bloom from mid-summer until the very frost.

Carpet-like bushes, a little over half a meter high. The stems are strong, with a pleasant pink bloom. The Lemon Prize leaves are very large, dark green. The inflorescences are large, similar to small balls, terry, with a pleasant-looking lemon color. Blooms in early summer. Grown for high-rise flower groups or for cut.

One of the most beautiful marigold varieties in its subspecies. Tall shrub with strong stems, with bright green leaves. The flowers are magically beautiful and resemble delicate, white terry balls. This subspecies of marigolds was bred specifically for cutting.

This flower is distinguished by large double inflorescences, reaching more than 15 cm in diameter. The height of these giants does not exceed 75 cm. The stems are very dense and withstand strong winds. The colors of the spherical flowers are saturated orange. They are grown for both group and single plantings. Well worth the cut.

A dwarf bush with sparse green leaves. Despite its small growth, it grows sprawling and has rather large inflorescences in the form of balls of delicate vanilla color. Sometimes there are white ones. Well suited for group plantings.

We introduced you to the most popular marigold varieties. The main feature of these flowers is that they are not picky about soil conditions and are not so difficult to maintain. Growing these plants, you can enjoy them in your area, and then cut them off and admire them in a vase for a long time. Most varieties can be dug up for the winter and continued to grow at home. Choose the varieties that are the most pleasant for you and, without hesitation, go to the nearest garden store to buy the seeds of these wonderful flowers.

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Marigold flowers are unpretentious plants, there are perennial and annual. Growing from seeds in the open field is easy, transplanting can be done even during flowering. Flowering in marigolds begins from the first month of summer and continues until the first frost.

Marigolds have medicinal and beneficial properties. The individuality of marigolds is a rare individual scent. In natural conditions, marigolds have about 35 varieties and a large number of species.

Marigold varieties and types

Erect marigolds represent a straight bush with large double inflorescences with a monochromatic shade, the diameter of the flower is 12 cm.Dense and stable shoots sometimes reach one meter in height. This species is popular among flower growers.

They represent a flowering of a rich yellow or orange hue, the diameter of the inflorescence is about 10 cm, and the height of the bush is only 20 cm.

They are not a tall bush in height from 35 to 50 cm. Inflorescences are about 5 cm in diameter, flowering occurs from July until the first frost. The inflorescences sometimes have a two-tone shade. This variety is used for planting on curbs.

They represent a lush compact bush, reaching a height of 40 cm. The leaves of this species are greenish, the shape is slightly dissected. And the inflorescences resemble baskets with a diameter of about 3 cm. This species loves good lighting, quite thermophilic. Used in cooking as a seasoning.

They represent a good lush bush with numerous flowering, about a hundred inflorescences on one plant, each inflorescence is 4 cm in diameter. The height of the bush is from 20 to 40 cm. Among them there are dwarf plants up to 20 cm in height. By color, the inflorescences are various monophonic and combined in two colors.

Probably the most popular type, since they have neat bushes, and they serve as an excellent design for flower beds, borders, flower beds.

This is a rejected, undersized variety. Differs in a dense leaf cover, height 30 cm. The inflorescence is about 5 cm in diameter, double with corrugated petals. The color is fiery brown, and at the base it is yellow-orange.

This is an annual plant about 25 cm high. The inflorescences are about 6 cm in diameter. The name is associated with a rich orange color, the inflorescences are double, showy. Unpretentious marigolds neither to moisture nor to the soil in which they grow. Abundant flowering up to the very first frost.

Also, there are varieties of white marigolds from upright varieties: Kilimanjaro , a rather rare variety. Plant height up to 70 cm, terry inflorescences, spherical in diameter up to 12 cm, white and beige.

They have a neat bush that looks like feathery leaves. Height about 35 cm. Inflorescences about 6 cm in diameter. The shade of the inflorescence is similar to vanilla.

Height about 70 cm, inflorescences of a creamy and whitish shade in diameter about 13 cm.

Marigolds planting and care in the open field

There are few ways to plant marigolds in the open field: by seeds, seedlings and already mature bushes.

Any of these methods are successful when done correctly.

Planting marigolds in open ground with seeds

Planting marigolds with seeds can be done immediately in open ground. They are sown in the second half of May, when the soil has already warmed up a little. Sowing is carried out to a depth of approximately 5 cm.

To do this, a groove is digged into the depth of about 5 cm, watered with water, seeds are sown there and sprinkled with earth. Seedlings are thinned out if they are densely planted.

Before planting marigolds with seeds, they can be moistened and placed in a piece of damp cloth, wrapped in cellophane, after a few days the seeds will sprout. Such seedlings germinate faster in the open field.

Marigold seedlings

If you want to achieve an earlier flowering, then it is better to plant marigolds on seedlings. To do this, it is better to sow seeds in early spring in a container. For marigolds, growing seedlings is not a difficult process. Sowing it is necessary to take into account the different sowing dates.

In the first half of March, they are planted upright, and in April - undersized. Planting seeds is not difficult, it is only necessary to provide the marigolds with care after sowing.

The composition of the soil should include peat, sand, humus and turf, all in a one-to-one ratio. Before sowing, the soil is disinfected with a manganese solution. Do not forget to lay the drainage at the bottom of the container.

When sowing seeds in a container, try to maintain a distance of about 2 cm, moderate constant watering and a temperature of about 23 degrees.

Watering from a sprayer. After the first shoots, and this is about the fourth day, if the seeds are fresh, and if the seeds are stale, then the shoots will appear somewhere on the seventh day. We rearrange the container in a cool but bright place.

• Marigolds do not tolerate temperatures below 10 degrees , they slow down growth and may stop flowering.
• If the seedlings of marigolds are stretched out what to do - in this case, it is necessary to plant it a little deeper into the ground.
• Do I need to pinch the plant - in no case, this should not be done, since the plant will be late in flowering for a considerable time.

When to dive marigolds after germination

After the first three leaves appear on the seedlings, they can be planted. You can dive young plants by slightly securing the rhizome, planting the shoots in separate boxes, deepening into the ground to the cotyledon.

It should be noted that after diving, marigolds will rapidly begin to grow due to the increase in the amount of soil.

Marigold seedlings are planted in open ground two to three weeks after the pick. After the seedlings are well rooted, and for this they need abundant watering and sufficient lighting.

The best period for planting seedlings in open ground, when the air temperature at night is not lower than 6 degrees. Marigolds are not whimsical to the ground, but prefer loamy soil. Considering all varieties and varieties, marigolds must be planted at a distance of about 15 cm from each other.If you are planting an adult bushes, then the distance is at least 40 cm.

Watering marigolds

After planting the seedlings, moderate watering is required for their rooting. In hot weather, it is better to water in the evening.

Also, abundant watering is required during active growth, stagnation of water is not allowed, this can lead to rotting of the root system.

How to fertilize marigolds for abundant flowering

Marigolds tolerate all fertilizing well, except for humus, but it is better to choose a complex fertilizer. It should be fed 3 times per season, during the active growth of seedlings, during the appearance of buds, and during flowering.

But don't overdo it with fertilization, or your plants will stop blooming. Flowering begins in June and continues until frost.

Marigold diseases and pests

Diseases of marigold seedlings - can occur due to abundant watering or prolonged rains, snails and slugs can also threaten seedlings. You can destroy or drive them away with the help of chlorine liquid, which must be placed over the area with marigolds.

In dry times, flowers can infect spider mites, fight them with an infusion of yarrow or onions, spraying from a spray bottle. And to avoid their appearance, it is necessary to spray the flower bed more often.

Also, seedlings of marigolds are affected by gray rot and fungus. The cause of the fungus could be high humidity and lack of sufficient lighting. In this case, the plant should be transplanted into the light. If gray rot appears on the leaves in the form of brown spots, then the plant will have to be removed.

Marigold medicinal properties and contraindications

• Marigold oil is used in the treatment of burns and skin diseases. To do this, it is necessary to insist the flowers of marigolds with vegetable oil in a ratio of 1:10.
• Only plucked marigold flowers should be eaten in salads, they help restore vision and prevent eye diseases, this applies to programmers and those who spend a lot of time near the monitor.
• A decoction of marigolds is used to treat diseases of arthrosis of the joints. For one glass of boiled water, about 25 grams. dry flowers, insist and take orally. You can take up to two liters per day.

• In cosmetology, it is used as a lip balm. To prepare it, you need to take about 15g of almond oil. 25 dry marigold inflorescences and about 45 gr. almond oil, mix and infuse for about two weeks and you are ready to use.
• In cooking, marigolds are used as a seasoning, an additive to soups, added to a salad, where it gives a certain spice and an individual taste, and when preserving cucumbers, it is used to add it to the brine.

Contraindications - essential oils are not desirable for use by pregnant women and people with individual intolerance, as they can cause allergic manifestations. And so in total, there are no contraindications to use.

Annual and perennial herbaceous plants of the Astrov family came to Europe from South America. Marigolds or tagetes (lat. Tagetes) are common plants, in nature there are more than 30 species. Strong stems form compact or branched bushes. Flowering is long, ends with the first frost. In September, the fruit ripens - a flattened achene. 1 g - 250-750 seeds, which will sprout in 3-4 years. Rejected marigolds are the most common type. It ranks first in popularity among gardeners.

Tagetes rejected: description of the species

Rejected marigolds (Tagetes Patula) or French marigolds are cultivated all over the world. An annual growing up to 15-60 cm is used in ornamental gardening, cooking, cosmetics, medicine. The plant has erect, branched stems. Rejected marigolds, what does this mean? The flower owes its name to the deflected lateral shoots. Leaves are green, pinnately dissected. The edges of the plate are serrated. There is another and opposite arrangement.

On the bushes of tagetes, inflorescences of a basket with a diameter of 4-6 cm appear in large numbers. Flowers are formed from tubular and reed petals. Depending on their number, inflorescences are divided into three types:

• simple - consist only of reed petals;
• semi-double - both types of petals are present in equal quantities;
• terry - tubular petals predominate.

The ligulate flowers are orange, red, lemon, white, red-brown or bicolor. The range of tubulars is limited to yellow and orange. Marigolds are distinguished by a long flowering period, it captures all the summer months and the beginning of autumn until the first frost. The photo shows that growing, the rejected marigold bushes form a colorful border along the path.

Popular varieties of rejected marigolds

Many varieties of French marigolds have been bred. All variety can be divided into three main groups:

• tall - 50-60 cm;
• medium height up to 50 cm;
• undersized - 25-30 cm;
• dwarf - 15-20 cm.

The most common varieties include:

• "Eye of the Tiger" is a compact decorative variety with a tart aroma. Densely double inflorescences consist of orange tubular flowers and burgundy reed petals of the lower row. Used for all types of flower beds and garden boxes.

  

• "Queen Sofia" - an annual up to 30-40 cm high, semi-double, two-colored inflorescences. The main color of the petals is red, along the edge there is a golden-orange border. In the sun, the color fades and changes to bronze. The flowers are large, 6-7 cm in diameter. The stem is thick, highly branched, the leaves are bright green.

  

• "Golden Head" or "Gold Kopchen" is a low-growing culture of 20-25 cm, a reddish bloom is noticeable on strong green shoots. Inflorescences are chrysanthemum, tubular flowers of golden yellow color. Dark red reed petals are arranged in one row below. They are slightly wavy, bent down. Early variety, blooms in early June.
• "Carmen" - terry marigolds rejected, the height of the bush is up to 30 cm. The shoots are sprawling, green, ribbed. The leaves are pinnately dissected, green, with a serrated edge. The diameter of the inflorescences is up to 6 cm. The ligulate flowers are reddish-brown, arranged in two rows. The middle is made up of tubular yellow petals. Grown in containers, flowerpots, flower beds.

  

• "Bonanza Bolero" is an annual 30 cm high and a flower diameter up to 7 cm. An unpretentious plant forms a compact bush. Has a peculiar spicy smell containing phytoncides. Large double inflorescences with a spectacular color - red strokes on a gold base. A versatile variety suitable for flower beds, beds, terraces or balconies.

  

• "Playful Marietta" - thanks to its unusual bright color, the variety has won the love of gardeners. Plant height 40 cm, flowers are flat, not terry, consist only of reed petals. The color is two-tone - a yellow base and a red spot in the middle of the petal. Blooms profusely from July to September.

  

Comparison of erect and rejected marigolds

Each type of tagetes has its own characteristic features, what is the difference between erect and rejected marigolds? Both types are popular among gardeners for their beauty and unpretentiousness. One of the main differences is the structure of the stem. In erect ones, it does not divide, it becomes lignified at the base. One large flower grows on the stem. Representatives of the species are giants among their family. Their height reaches 120 cm, and the diameter of the flowers is 15 cm. The rejected tagetes cannot boast of such parameters, but is ahead in the variety of colors. Erect varieties are mostly monochromatic, two-colored specimens are extremely rare.

The inflorescences of rejected varieties can be of any kind, among them it is easy to pick up a plant for lovers of simple flowers resembling chamomile. There are hybrids that are not inferior in splendor to chrysanthemums. In erect marigolds, all inflorescences are terry. Spherical flowers on tall stems look great when cut. From two types of tagetes, you can create a stunning multi-tiered flower bed.

French marigold care

Rejected marigolds are hardy plants that need minimal maintenance. In order for the bushes to have dense foliage and lush, long flowering, they will need watering, feeding and weeding.

Landing place

Plants require loose, fertile soil with a neutral pH. The introduction of peat and sand makes it possible to improve its structure. The addition of mineral fertilizers enriches the soil with the necessary microelements. The planting site depends on the height of the bush. French tagetes includes medium and low growing varieties. It is planted in the center of flower beds, along curbs, in garden boxes, large pots.

Marigolds are native to warm, sunny countries, so they cannot stand the cold and love good lighting. The best place for them is a sunny area, although in a little shade they develop well. In case of insufficient lighting, flowering is delayed, the inflorescences become smaller in diameter.

Advice. If you feed Tagetes with mineral fertilizer before flowering, then the inflorescences will be larger and brightly colored.

Watering

Young seedlings need regular watering; sufficient moisture is needed to gain green mass and plant large buds. Since July, watering is reduced, plants tolerate drought better than excessive moisture.

Attention. If there is no drainage, torrential rains and stagnant water can cause fungal diseases of the root system.

Growing rejected tagetes

Planting rejected marigolds is performed in two ways:

• sowing in open ground;
• growing seedlings with subsequent transplantation.

Both methods allow you to decorate your site with bright colors, but in the first case, they will have to wait until mid-summer.

Attention. The optimum temperature for young seedlings is 20-22 °. At 10 ° C, the development of flowers stops, negative temperatures destroy tagetes.

Landing in open ground

Marigolds rejected terry varieties are planted in open ground not earlier than May. By this time, frosts that are dangerous for sprouts have disappeared. Seeds are evenly spread along grooves up to 5 cm deep, watered abundantly. Seedlings will appear in 7-10 days.

Information. For the first planting, the material is bought in a specialized store. Then you can collect seeds from your flowers.

Flower propagation by seeds

Tagetes seedlings start growing in March or April. French marigolds bloom early, 40 days after sprouting. Seedling substrate consists of several components:

• peat;
• humus;
• sand;
• turf.

The result is a loose and light soil in which seeds germinate quickly. The container must have holes to drain excess water. At the bottom of the container, a drainage layer of fine gravel or expanded clay must be poured. For disinfection, the soil is spilled with a solution of fungicide or potassium permanganate. Several grooves up to 1.5 cm deep are made at a distance of 2 cm from each other. The seed is distributed along the groove and covered with soil. Watering is done carefully so as not to wash out crops. The top of the container is covered with foil.

Advice. It is not necessary to make furrows for tegetes seeds, it is enough to spread them on the surface and sprinkle them with soil.

The optimum temperature for germination is 22-25 °. In such conditions, seedlings are shown in 3-4 days. After 14 days, the seedlings dive. In early June, they are planted in a permanent place. Depending on the height of the plants, a distance of 15-25 cm is left between the seedlings. Watering is required. Periodically, the soil is loosened, weeds are weeded. The timely removal of wilted inflorescences will help to prolong flowering and maintain a decorative appearance.

Application

Due to the beauty and long flowering of rejected marigolds, they are often chosen for the decoration of parks, gardens, terraces and balconies. The unusual smell of flowers helps to protect vegetables in the garden from a large number of pests. The roots of the plant secrete a chemical that repels nematodes. Leaves and inflorescences contain essential oil with antiseptic and antimicrobial properties.