Fullerenes are included in a broad class of carbon nanostructures and their derivatives: fullerenes themselves, nanotubes, hyperfullerenes (fullerene-in-fullerene), multilayer structures, endo- and exofullerenes, fullerides, etc. All of them have a common property - a non-flat, even closed, surface composed of five- and six-membered carbon rings. This allows us to consider fullerenes as polyhedra, having only pentagonal and hexagonal faces (pentagons and hexagons), meeting three at each vertex (atom), although some researchers allow four- and seven-membered rings. In progress D.G. Stepenshchikova Giant fullerenes are considered - single-layer molecules with a closed surface composed of a large number of carbon atoms, on the order of hundreds and thousands. Their peculiarity lies in the flattening of the hexagonal sections of the carbon network to a graphene-like state with the formation of polyhedra (2-...12-vertex). This article examines the dependence of the shape and symmetry of giant fullerenes on the grouping of pentagonal carbon rings on their surface.
In the article D.S. Ionova and others, using inkjet printing, we obtained samples of sensor layers containing a mixture of spherical silica gel microparticles and spherical macromolecular silicazole nanoparticles. The average diameter of the microparticles was 5 microns; nanoparticles with a diameter of about 100 nm contained a covalently grafted fluorophore on the surface - dibenzoylmethane boron difluoride, DBMBF 2. It has been shown that the microstructure of the layers significantly affects the availability of the fluorophore indicator for gas-phase analyte molecules from the class of methylbenzenes. It has been demonstrated that the sensitivity of the sensor layers reaches 500 ppb with a response time of about 100 s.
The Russian Federation is rich in a variety of natural mineral resources. One of the unique non-metallic minerals is sapropel - an organo-mineral complex obtained from centuries-old bottom sediments of freshwater reservoirs. The mineral contains a large number of low molecular weight organic compounds, vitamins, carotenoids, enzymes and wide range macro- and microelements. In progress IN. Ezhkova and others. By ultrasonic treatment of sapropel, nanostructured sapropel with a particle size of 45.0-180.0 nm was produced. The purpose of the work was to study the condition of organs gastrointestinal tract animals in direct contact with different doses of nanostructured sapropel - from a predicted toxic dose to a dose that does not cause clinical symptoms of intoxication.
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Name: Journal - Russian Nanotechnologies - 2007 - No. 3-4.
Against the backdrop of numerous problems Russian science There is an increasingly clear tendency to concentrate the topics of many studies by Russian scientists on the field of nanotechnology in the broad sense of the meaning of this word. Already today, the topics of most scientific and technical symposiums and conferences are fully or partially related to nanotechnology. However, a more detailed examination of these studies shows. that often the studies carried out simply change the name, maintaining the same content. It seems that in the near future all or most publications in the field of physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and device development will have “nano” in the title. The reasons for this are understandable and are related to the attention shown by the state and society to this problem, and, accordingly, with the concentration of significant resources by the state today in this field. In conditions when “everyone” began to engage in “nano”, the choice of the area of application of scientific attention communities and the state and, accordingly, funding requires a detailed analysis, and should not simply be limited to the belonging of research and development to the field of nanotechnology. Such a choice can only be made after extensive discussion of the research. In this regard, the Editorial Board decided to begin, on the pages of the journal and the journal’s website, a discussion of the topics of nanotechnology research conducted in Russia in order to determine those segments in which Russian research and development can be competitive in the world market. As part of this discussion, we intend to publish thematic reviews of the achievements of Russian scientists in various sectors of nanotechnology.
After the publication of such a review, it is expected that in subsequent issues there will be a discussion around the position and conclusions made by the authors, publishing various expert opinions in the journal and on the website, developing a more complete understanding of the issues raised and forming priority areas for research and development in this segment.
The current issue of the journal publishes a review by A.V. Vulya and V.I. Sokolov “Research of nanocarbon in Russia from fullerenes to nanotubes and nanodiamonds.” The same section publishes the opinions of a number of experts on the prospects of this area.
The issue of the magazine also publishes the forecast of the American RAND Corporation on the development of the entire field of nanotechnology by 2020, considering that the opinion of foreign experts will be useful in discussing future directions for the development of nanotechnology in Russia.
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Like many of my fellow citizens, the first association that arose when hearing the phrase “Russian nanotechnology” was the word “cut.” Unfortunately, through the “efforts” of some Russian officials, this stamp has become firmly entrenched in their heads, and in order to erase it, a lot of effort must be made, proving the opposite in practice. A couple of days ago, I, along with other leaders from the IT world, were invited to look at the Ulyanovsk Nanocenter. Frankly, I didn’t even know that it existed here. No, well, I heard something out of the corner of my ear and considered it an ordinary props for distinguished guests of the city. How wrong I was...
Nanocenter
The Ulyanovsk Nanocenter is located in the “deep” industrial zone of the city, in an open field, next to new giants such as Efes, Bridgestone and DMG MORI, which have built their ultra-modern production facilities there. Who would have thought what cool things young guys do behind the walls of this two-story building, which was built in quite short time a couple of years ago.
The general director of the Nanocenter is Andrey Redkin, an old friend of mine from the days of the Ulyanovsk IT Directors Club, an IT specialist to the last detail and a very progressive, energetic person.
The Ulyanovsk nanocenter was created under the RUSNANO program. It is part of a network of 12 nanotechnology centers that covers 8 regions of Russia; more than 350 startups are being implemented within their walls. In total, it is planned to invest a little more than 2 billion rubles in private and government investments into our nanocenter.
In essence, the nanocenter is something between a venture fund and a business incubator. Its main task is to support technological entrepreneurship in the early stages: searching for breakthrough technologies, creating startups that will introduce a new product to the market, expertise and consulting, leasing specialized technological and analytical equipment. Already, 12 companies are successfully developing within its walls, some have already passed First stage startup and began to make a profit. The nanocenter employs 150 people on 90 projects.
In simple words: if you have an idea for a high-tech business, but do not have the funds to implement it, then this is the place for you - the nanocenter will act as your investor and provide a platform for development. The main requirement is nanotechnology and material based, that is, the nanocenter is not interested in purely IT technologies. The nanocenter's share of participation in the business created jointly with the entrepreneur is 25-49%, i.e. control remains with the founder. And the doors of the nanocenter are open to scientists and inventors with scientific ideas, discoveries and innovations, where they will be helped to evaluate the commercial potential of the invention.
Company offices occupy both floors of the building. The rental rate, however, is quite high - 830 RUB/sq.m. It has its own cozy cafe, a courtyard with a lawn, and a large parking lot.
By the way, the large conference hall of the Nanocenter can be used for holding IT events completely free of charge.
Bright rooms with floor-to-ceiling windows.
Nanoconcrete and warm nanowallpaper
When decorating the interior, finishing nanomaterials were used, which are developed by one of the Nanocenter residents - the company "Stroylab". Her water-dispersed All the walls are covered with paint. Its special features are reduced consumption by 40% (degree of coverage), high adhesion, durability and resistance to wet processing. The paint does not contain solvents and is free from bacteria and viruses due to ultrasonic treatment. It is already on sale and was used to decorate some new houses that the Zapad company is building in Ulyanovsk.
The guys are also working on electrically conductive coatings, which are used to make warm walls and floors. By the way, this technology was initially developed by a Russian scientist, and then “left” for Korea, which became its main holder. Because of this, it is now quite difficult for our guys to break into the Russian market.
These warm wallpapers operate on 24 volts, as opposed to the common 220 volts. Consume 350 W of electricity per 1 sq. meter, which seems a bit much. But this is only for the initial heating, which occurs very quickly.
Stroylab is also developing super-strong concrete, elastic thermal plaster and other construction nanomaterials.
Durable composites
IN Artek-composites they make products from composite materials based on PCM (polymers) - pallets for Rosrezerv, hockey sticks, road barriers, noise barriers, UAZ Patriot radiator grilles, folding bicycles. This airplane consists of several layers of special material. It bends but doesn't break.
Gadgets
About the guys from the company "RuGadget" I already wrote - they were the organizers of Hardathon - . RuGadget specializes in the development of microelectronic devices. The project team is young guys, graduates of Ulyanovsk universities.
They make cool things with a wide range of applications.
For example, they are designing such a smart solar-powered bench, after sitting on which you can recharge your phone and use wi-fi.
From the already working prototypes, the guys showed an electronic anti-theft device for bicycles.
Using an accelerometer sensor, it informs the owner that they are trying to steal his bike, and shows on the map where and at what speed it is moving.
They also plan to develop flexible thermometers without a power source that are glued to the body and transmit readings remotely.
Body armor and foam metals
IN "Metal-composite" They are not allowed to photograph exhibition samples of products - the customers are very serious. This company develops metal matrix composites based on non-ferrous alloys. The company's developments include substrates for microwave and semiconductor technology, elements of containers for transporting and storing nuclear materials and waste, and armor protection materials. The company's range of materials ranges from simple non-ferrous alloys to Al2O3, B4C, SiC filled with fibers and particles, and complex alloys. The range of applications is very wide - auto parts, helicopter and aircraft parts, rocketry, Construction Materials, nuclear industry, power electronics and engine building. One of the most interesting developments is a material whose thermal conductivity is several tens of times greater than copper and aluminum. It is based on thin films of graphene.
Glasses nnnnnada?
At a technology company" Comberry" are engaged in multifunctional t oncfilm coatings. For example, they make these anti-fog glasses with heated glass - the dream of all bespectacled people.
A thin conductive film is sprayed onto the glass, which heats the glass to a predetermined temperature. The application of this is quite wide - not only in glasses.
Comberry has its own thin film coating research platform. various materials, which has no analogues either in Russia or in Europe.
"Comberry" is one of the most complex projects in the network of nanocenters, founded by the nanocenters of Ulyanovsk, Dubna and Saransk. Only the manufacturer (USA) and the Ulyanovsk Nanocenter have such equipment. Based on it, Comberry has created a platform that will allow hundreds of experiments to be carried out simultaneously.
One of the priority areas of Comberry's work is the creation of electrochemical glasses - which change transparency when voltage is applied. Yes, yes, these same self-darkening windows of buildings, office partitions and car hatches.
Boy or girl?
Most interesting company The nanocenter for me was the Genext Laboratory and TestGen. Probably because I don’t understand anything about biotechnology and molecular genetics and it seems to me something extremely complicated. But damn it, the world will never be the same when you see how you can extract DNA from a patient’s biomaterial using an ordinary magnet!
GeNext's areas of development include non-invasive diagnostics in obstetrics and oncology, diagnosis of mutations and polymorphisms, personal identification, and determination of the degree of relationship. One of the commercial, patented and popular products is kits for determining the sex and Rh factor of a child using the blood of a pregnant woman. They allow you to take blood from a woman at the 10th week of pregnancy and, based on the child’s DNA contained there, determine the child’s sex or Rhesus.
The main consumer of the kits is laboratories of private clinics. This is not yet sold in pharmacies, since additional laboratory equipment is required for use.
The "TestGen" team is young guys from different cities - candidates of science with extensive experience in practical and scientific work.
The technology with which DNA molecules are isolated for research in the laboratory is very interesting. It is based on the property of ordinary glass to absorb DNA on its surface. To collect as much as possible more molecules require a fairly large surface area, for which a device consisting of several hundred hollow glass nanotubes was invented and patented in Russia:
A lot of money was invested in its development, but as always, it was in vain - in practice it turned out to be ineffective. It turned out that the most effective surface on which the maximum number of DNA molecules can be collected is a ball. The guys, in collaboration with a Russian scientist, have developed special spherical glass nanoparticles with an iron core inside, which are added to the patient’s biological fluid (blood or urine), DNA sticks to them, and then the particles are attracted to one of the walls of the test tube by an ordinary strong magnet. After this, the remaining liquid is removed with a pipette and a special composition washes the DNA from the particles, preparing them for further research.
The laboratory cooperates with several Russian clinics, which send samples for research and testing of technologies. For example, in this moment technology is being tested early diagnosis prostate cancer, which was also developed at GeNext.
And for dessert, I’ll tell you where in Ulyanovsk the technologies of this nanocenter are already being used:
- External reinforcement system for an office building on Surova.
- LED lighting of the Nanocenter.
- Induction lighting of the road section of the Presidential Bridge.
- Nano-paints in a residential building of the Silen company, Alfacom management company and Nanocenter.
- Water repellent silicon - treatment of paving stones from ice (Ulyanovsk Road Committee).
- Seamless roofing of a residential building on Dovatora Street, Oktyabrskaya Street and agreements for a residential building in the Yugo-Zapad microdistrict.
- Composite lighting poles in the village of Stolbishche.
