The automatic pistol Stechkin became the same " business card"Soviet weapon school, like the Kalashnikov machine gun. It was adopted for more than 60 years ago, but still enjoys a stable popularity of special divisions fighters.
The second half of the 40s of the last century was marked by the explosion of activity of Soviet designers small arms. The Great Patriotic War showed the need for a qualitative change in the system of personal weapons of fighters, and the military and political leadership of the USSR tried to create conditions so that these changes would be embodied in the metal. For example, in the competition for new carWhich, in the end, won Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov with a famous AK-47 product, six armory and designers participated. In the competition for a new self-challenging gun, which was held in 1947-48, ten gunsmith designers were attended, including the Creator TT Fedor Vasilyevich Tokarev and the Creator "SCS" Sergey Gavrilovich Simonov. However, as a result, a 9-mm pistol of the design of Nikolai Fedorovich Makarova was adopted in 1951.
The "Pistol Makarova" (PM), created by the overall layout of the Walther PP pistol, was easy to operate and manufactured, reliable and small. At that time, he became an optimal personal weapon for senior officers, and was perfect for arming the police. Therefore, "PM" in Soviet times several million units were issued in Soviet times, and Izhevsky mechanical plant continues to continue, the truth is no longer on that scale, produce various modifications of this product.
However, "PM", with its range of effective shooting up to 50 meters (in reality, it, of course, is much less) and the shop on 8 ammunition was not enough in real clashings with a prepared opponent. In addition, the short barrel of Makarova at a distance of 25 meters has already given a significant dispersion of the bullets. Therefore, for the armament of the crews of combat vehicles, the first numbers of the calculations of heavy weapons, as weapons of individual defense of snipers, grenadeters and officers, the "platoon-company link" at the same time - in the late 40s of the last century, it was decided to develop an automatic gun, but under The same pistol cartridge - 9x18 PM. Such a gun became "APS", designed by the young talented Tula gunmanema Igor Stechkin.
In fairness I must say that in history with a gun "APS" still many incomprehensible and even mysterious. Let's start with the fact that Igor Yakovlevich himself was a very early person. For example, the members of the Commission for a long time the protection of his thesis On the topic "Self-loading gauge of a caliber of 7.65 mm" (Stechkin graduated from the gun-machine-gun separation of the Tula Mechanical Institute). According to the memories of contemporaries, the project was so original that one of the members of the graduation commission publicly expressed doubt that this weapon would work. In response, the student pulled his pistol my pistol from the pocket of the jacket from his pocket, and three times shot them by idle cartridges in the ceiling of the audience, where she was protected ...
As a result, Stechkin received a "red" diploma and the direction to work straight into one of the main "admins" of the CCB-14 (now - the Tula Design Bureau of Instrument Making). Moreover. The 26-year graduate of the Institute in the Central Committee, almost immediately entrusts to create a new army 9-mm gun, which would be effectively affected by the enemy at distances to 200m with modes of single and automatic shooting. Moreover, this is happening at the end of 1948, when the battle reaches its apogee between the ten gun designers for the right to arm the Soviet army and the fleet with a new self-adjusted pistol. And already, in principle, it is clear that Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov won the victory in this battle, which, by coincidence, has been working in the CKB-14 for the fourth year, and moreover, it was a scientific consultant to such a sensational thesis of the student of the Tula Mechanical Institute Igor Stackin.
It is now difficult to say what the participation of Nikolai Makarov, in addition to the development and "finishing" of his pistol, could be taken in the creation of a "automatic pistol of Stackin" (APS). Some structural features and the order of assembly-disassembly of the APS are similar to PM. Both pistols, despite the fact that work on Makarov began several years earlier than above "Stacking", were adopted for weapons at the same time - in 1951. And the Stalin Prize Both Designers also received together - in 1952. Stechkin - for "APS", Makarov - for "PM". But at the same time, in the memoirs of Igor Yakovlevich Stechkina still showed out that the "APS" is his own engineering brainchild. "The task that I got was to design a 9-mm gun that allows you to conduct single and automatic shooting at distances up to 200 meters, which has a large container shop and uses holster as a butt. After the development and approval of the project, a sample was made, which successfully passed factory tests. After finalizing and eliminating the shortcomings, polygon tests of two pistols were carried out in comparison with Mauser, Astra pistols and a submachine gun of Sudeva. My pistol, showing excellent results, was noticeably superior to Mauser and Astra, and practically no disquence of PPS "- Igor Stackin recalled in 1966.
Starting from 1952, "APS" went to the troops. His mass production It was deployed at the capacities of the Vyatko-Polyansky plant "Molot". However, already in 1959, the production of the "automatic pistol of Stackin" was discontinued. And it became another mystery of this pistol.
Tactical and technical data "APS", as an individual weapon intended for use in a combat situation in a collision with a prepared opponent, the Soviet military arranged. The lengthening of the trunk of up to 1540 mm (at PM-93.5 mm) made it possible to partially compensate for the weakness of the pistol cartridge 9x18 PM, and, together with more compared to the "Makarov" mass and more smooth operation of the automation, made it possible to achieve a good fitness accuracy - dispersion of bullets with solitary shots At a distance of 50 meters from Aps "did not exceed 5 cm. At a distance of 200 meters, the radius of dispersion of bullets during shooting from" APS "increased to 22 cm, but for the prepared arrow, an effective fire from this pistol at distances and more than 100 meters did not imagine much difficulty .
Shop on 20 cartridges and the originally performed moderator of the shooting pace made it possible to lead from the "APS" automatic fire. At the same time, Stechkin provided a mechanism that was reloading a pistol practically instantaneous. After the consolidation of ammunition, the supplies tooth of the store lifts the shutter stop, which delays the shutter in the posterior position. And after replacing the store, the arrow remains to click on the head of the shutter stop, in order to be ready for shooting - the shutter will go ahead and reached the cartridge in the cartridge, and the trigger will remain on the battle platoon.
In addition to the armed forces Soviet Union, "Aps" and his modifications, according to foreign specialists, was supplied to Angola, Cuba, Bulgaria, Libya, Mozambique, Zambia, etc. Photos are known where the Ernesto Che Guevara poses with "APS", it is reliably known that Stechkin was one of the favorite types of Fidel Castro weapons. And not in vain. "Unlike the Makarov pistol, the return of which is felt by hand as a sharp, from Stackina is very nice to shoot. Accuracy is also excellent. The store is very easily equipped. Very good for combat weapons The trigger and its characteristics "- estimated this gun American specialist in small arms Nick Stadman. In addition, "APS" turned out to be a very reliable weapon. There are cases of a shot of 40 thousand shots without any damage for the main details of this pistol.
However, B. Soviet army In mass quantities "APS", as neither paradoxically, did not fit. The most common version is the inconvenience of wearing this weapon. In order to ensure the stability of the automatic fire, especially, on distant distances, a wooden holster attached to Stechkin, which simultaneously played the role of butt. The mass of the pistol with a cobwoi - butt was almost 2 kg. In addition, army demands assumed that each soldier armed with "stechkins" had to carry with him another 4 cuts of 20 cartridges each. Therefore, the army environment of that time rose a ropot on the topic that the new weapon is too "hard and cumbersome." As a result, in the 60s of the last century, most army "stechkins" moved to arms warehouses, and instead in the 70s crews of combat vehicles, aircraft workers and instrumental calculations armed with "clamshells" - the shortened modification of AK-74 - AKS-74U.
However, "Stechkin" did not die, because by that time for its capacity and accuracy he has already managed to love employees special units Ministry of Defense and Committee of State Security. Moreover, in the late 60s, especially for them on the basis of "APS" designer A.S. The "silent" version "APS" - "APB" (automatic pistol silent) was developed (TsNII). Reducing the sound level during a shot in it was achieved due to the perforation of the trunk and a special expansion chamber worn onto the trunk, the convenience of wearing and use - due to the removable wire shoulder stop and the soft holster. Of course, the use of the silencer reduced the range of effective shot. But on the range of 50 meters of "APB" and now there is a little equal.
This modification "APS" was adopted in 1972 and from that time, Stackina began, in fact, the "second life". "APS" and "APB" were actively used by Russian special forces during the war in Afghanistan (1979-1989) and in all local conflicts arising from post-Soviet space. Moreover. In the 1990s, during the rampant of banditism in Russia, the structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia began to be actively armed with army "stechkins". And it is also clear, because this automatic gun is just occupied by a niche between two other types of regular weapons of Russian law enforcement - Makarov's pistols and Kalashnikov machines. However, the Russian militia was not original in this regard - after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the "Stacking" armed and part of the German police officers were armed.
Thus, the "Automatic Pistol Stechkin" survived his creator for a long time (Igor Yakovlevich died in November 2001) and still remains in demand weapons in structures russian ministry Defense, FSB, FSO, Ministry of Internal Affairs, as well as special units of a number foreign countries. Probably, this is one of the most important signs of the constructor's genius - when the product created by them, despite the emergence of new ideas and samples, continues to work even after the death of the creator.
Currently, there are a large number of small arms models in Russia, including pistols. But definite interest still represent "veterans" - TT, PM and APS, not one decade serving people.
Currently in Russia exists a large number of Models of small arms, including pistols. They differ in caliber, and on the principle of automation work, and according to the tasks, for whose solutions they are intended. But the most significant authority is still "veterans" - TT, PM and APS, not one decade serving people.
The most deserved of the above is the "Pistol of 1933", more often called TT - Tula Tokarev.
It was adopted by the Red Army in 1930 in return to be outdated both morally and physically revolver Nagan 1895. In its tactical and technical characteristics, TT exceeded all the modern samples. Exceptional simplicity, strength and reliability, as well as the low value of its production - these are the distinctive features of this pistol.
In 1933, TT was subjected to minor upgrades. Minor changes were made to the trigger, the back wall of the handle was made whole.
Automation TT worked using the production of the trunk when it is short. A moving earring with a waste of the barrel backdamed its stateless part. At the same time, there was a reloading of weapons (the same principle was also used by the Rash M1911 gun, which allowed Western authors writing about the weapons, to call the TT "Tokarev-Colt" pistol).
The gun uses a 9.62x25 caliber cartridge (the same as in the Mauser pistol). Later under this cartridge, PPD machine guns were developed (1934), PPS (1941), PPS (1942).
However, the pistol has a rather significant drawback - it does not have a fuse as an independent part. Its role is performed by the safety vacckery. But in the event of a fall in the pistol, a spontaneous shot is possible as a result of a fuse of a safety platoon.
The gun with honor was tested by the Great Patriotic War, proven himself to be powerful, simple and reliable melee weapons. He remained in service and some time after the war. It is also the fact that the production of TT was established in China, Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia and other countries. In some of them, TT is available and so on.
High firing accuracy is ensured by the successful layout of the parts of the pistol. Due to the fact that the center of gravity of the pistol and the axial barrel is shifted closer to the handle, the TT with its rather significant weight (940 grams) is practically not felt in hand.
But the development of individual small arms required new solutions. At some point, TT ceased to be self-sufficient weapons, and in 1951 pistols N.F. Makarov (PM) and I.Y. Sustchkin (APS) came to change.
Both of these pistols in the work of the automation use the simplest, and therefore a more reliable principle - the return of the free shutter. Both pistols returned spring is hoping directly on the trunk (although in the first modification of the APS, the return spring was under the barrel, as in the pistols of the browning system). For both of these pistols, 9x18 cartridge is developed, more powerful than used in TT.
The undoubted advantage of PM is the design of the shock-trigger mechanism. Self-excavation device allows you to produce the first shot (if there is a cartridge in the chamber) without prior to stretch the juro. The flag fuse is in the back of the shutter casing, to the left, which allows you to control the gun with one hand (right, holding weapons). Bringing the gun in a combat position for its further wearing is carried out as follows. The shutter is driving a cartridge in the cartridge. Then the fuse turns on, while the shot does not occur. Now, to implement the first shot, you only need to remove the fuse and click on the trigger.
Aps
Despite the seeming similarity, APS and PM are completely different types of individual small arms. The APS is intended for arming officers directly participating in hostilities. The shock-trigger mechanism of this pistol is also a self-excavation, which allows not only single fire, but also shooting queues. The flag fuse, located as well as the Makarov pistol, serves simultaneously with the translator of fire. The sight of this pistol - mobile, for shooting at distances 25, 50, 100 and 200 meters. The store accommodates 20 cartridges (in a checkerboard). The Pistol of the APS is worn in a wooden or plastic holster, which, fastened to the back of the handle, performs the role of butt when shooting queues. In the extreme case, the fire queues can be done right with the hands, without butt (the cartridge used allows you to do). Unfortunately, despite the perfection of the structure, in the process of operation, there were also serious disadvantages of the APS (first of all, its excessive mass and dimensions), so now this gun is no longer produced by losing its place to the cedar type machine guns, "chestnut "And" Kiparis "using the same 9x18 mm cartridge.
Pistol, Makarova PM, on the contrary, served as a basic model for a number of new developments. In 1994, PMM was launched into mass production - Pistol Makarov Upgraded. Externally, it is practically no different from the basic model (with the exception of the cheeks of the handle), but its store accommodates 12 cartridges 57-n-181cm, which, without differing in size from the standard "Makarovsky" cartridge, has an increased penetrating and stopping. A slightly changed the design of the chamber - on its surface there are three screw grooves, providing braking shutter rollback and smoothing the difference in the dynamics of automation during the shooting of ordinary and reinforced cartridges. The rest of the same design, perfectly proven more than 40 years of operation, has not changed.
IL-71
In the mid-1990s, an Izh-71 gun was developed specifically for employees of security structures, on the basis of PM, which uses the 9x17 Kurz cartridge and has specially understated characteristics (for example, the initial flight rate of the bullet from "IL-71" is 290 m / C against 320 m / s at PM). The store "IL-71" is produced in 2 versions - by 8 and 10 ammunition (in the latter case, the gun is called "IL-71-10"). Externally, "IL-71" is different from PM again, cheeks of the handle.
PSM.
Especially for armament of the highest command formulation of the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Defense and the KGB-FSB, the creative team in the composition of T. Lashneva, A.A.Simarin and L.L. Kulikova was developed a pistol PSM (Self-charging gun). This pistol is designed for a new caliber cartridge 5.45 mm. Shock-trigger - self-excavated. Interesting the location of the fuse (above the back of the shutter). When it is turned off simultaneously, the splitting of the juro. The gun does not have protruding details, due to which its thickness does not exceed 18 mm, which creates advantages when it is hidden wearing. But because of the small punching ability of the cartridge, this weapon is unlikely in real battle. Rather, his niche is an individual self-defense weapon. All its design features indicate that.
Of course, new types of pistols are being issued, designed to perform completely different tasks in different conditions., BUT, TT, PM, APS and PSM left their worthy contribution to the story, not one decade faithfully serving the cause of the protection of the Motherland.
Firearms - an integral attribute of civilization. From ancient times, weapons served as a tool for protection, food, conquering territories. And always weapons - a tool that fulfills the will of his owner, a criminal or minister of law, the invader or defender of the Fatherland.
For eighteen years, small arms are my permanent satellite. In the heat and stupus, day and night, in different parts of the terrain, in different regions, in a dash, at the landfill, in battle, in everyday life - it is always with me. Over the years, many samples of domestic combat weapons have passed through my hands and quite a few foreign. I know what is capable of every sample, what to expect from him to hope for and what to fear.
And, of course, his own opinion was about each, often not coinciding with common. Not without my active participation in combat situations. And I can judge about weapons, maybe with great right than other "specialists" on the Internet and some "weapons" magazines that mostly describe the advantages and disadvantages of a particular weapon type. The main trouble of the domestic small arms is mediocre, and sometimes just a terrible ergonomics, and, of course, the low quality of the manufacturer (this does not apply to the Soviet period).
But, as they say, how many people are so many opinions. So, let's begin…
Pistol Self-charging small-sized PSM
It can be deciphered as a "pistol for complacency. Maybe lucky. " The case is known when the wounded, with five stomach bullets released from PSM, independently passed to a medical institution, located in one and a half kilometers.
5,45-mm Self-loading PSM Pistol
And the addition he was subtitled. A very accurate pistol at the level of sports small-caliber pistols. Very compact. James Bond would be satisfied with them. There would be no spur on the lid of one of the stores on the battle gun. Suitable as a spare pistol, but not as the main weapon. Plus the problem with the deficit of ammunition.
Pistol Makarova PM.
Legendary, no doubt, a gun. Reliability standard, relatively compact, always ready for battle. Even despite the honorable age and now remains in the ranks, is actively used in the dash, and in battle. Classic civic and police gun. Of course, this is not a gun for target or high-speed shooting, but to lay three bullets into the center of the standard target (circle with a diameter of 10 cm) from 25 m is not a problem for this old man. It is capable of greater. Some of our PM allow you to lay five slots in a circle of 6 cm. As for the small downtime, the bullet concerns that the personalities say so, at best, killing paper targets, and never shoot in a combat situation. It is important to get into the vital bodies "goals", otherwise even the rifle bullet will not give guarantees of reliable defeat.
9 mm Self-loading PM gun
Some problems create bullets with a steel core PST, which sometimes ricochets from solid obstacles. IN last years The situation with ammunition for PM has changed, amphibians appeared with bullets with elevated stopping effects and increased pBm ability (7H25). For example, a cartridge for law enforcement agencies of the PPO allows us to use weapons (guns and guns-machine guns) in closed rooms, in settlements, Low probability of dangerous ricochets, thanks to the absence of a solid core in the pool. There is information about the poor quality of PPO cartridges, unstable characteristics, but the cartridges supplied in our unit, unpleasant surprises are not presented and weapons work with them like a clock.
Pistol Makarova Upgraded PMF-12
Modernization of PM under the cartridge of high power. Improved handle ergonomics, magnified container shop. It is used with the patron and PST, and the PPO, since the standard 9H16 cartridges are rare and not produced for a long time.
9-mm Self-loading Pistol PMM
Springs in stores work with overvoltage, so they quickly lose their elasticity, which leads to delays in shooting. A poor-quality plastic, from which the feeder is made is the cause of the formation of cracks, as well as wear or breakage of the feed tooth.
Pistol Tulsky Tokarev TT
Another weapon legend. It says a lot about him, you can add quite a bit. More suitable for military use when it is given in combat readiness. For their own, relatively small dimensions, one of the powerful pistols in the world.
7,62-mm Self-loading pistols TT
And to the touch is much more pleasant, for example, PI and all sorts of "globs". Completely unsuitable for urban shootouts and self-defense. The big punching ability of the bullet and the absence of a self-explosion can lead to prison (in a random passerby) or in the cemetery (it is necessary to have time to take the trigger).
Automatic pistol stechkin APS
The pemer PM is even more popular. Pistol with a capital letter. Reliable, powerful, accurate, with great ammunition and possibility of automatic fire. It is often used as the main weapon during operations in close premises, when using bulletproof shields, when only one hand is free. Automatic mode is used in shooting at close distances to create a high density of fire and more likely lesion.
Pistols APS with regular holsters-butts and peasons.
Pistols APS in the converted holster with a rubber pad on the handle and twisted pistol strap
Loves of employees of special divisions, demanded now. Even before entering the pistol, a real "hunt" is already underway to it. Some, tasted the "charms", prefer to change them on the old, sometimes reasonable APS. The gun has a streamlined shape, it does not cling to the rapid extraction of the holster. Some problems at hold creates a pistol handle, polished with palms and clothing over the years. In the heat and in the cold, the gun has a tendency to "slip" from the hands. But this minor trouble is eliminated by putting on a piece of bicycle chamber or lining, for example, the company "Uncle Mike's".
The gun is rather big, but with proper skill and experience, it can be worn secretly, like all the pistols. Usually I wear it in an abreast holster of my own manufacture, without any fasteners, for its rapid extraction, and with a twisted pistol strap, or in a suitable bag over the shoulder.
I never use the fuse, even if there is a cartridge in the chamber, no one is indignant in the absence of fuses on most revolvers, and the charged self-excavation pistol is the same safe as the charged revolver. When working in urban conditions, I wear a pistol in the converted holster, and not fastened - the design of the holster allows you to hold the gun even in the turned position. Spare shops wear on the left hove in a homemade peasant. One store is always with an open valve for fast extraction.
Pistol Yarygin P.
Miracle of domestic weapon thought. Although, undoubtedly, the long-awaited type of the army pistol. Powerful, moderately ergonomic, with a tank shop. But ... I doubt that soviet times He would be adopted. Pistol frankly "raw". The angular, with protruding parts, as if cut down the ax. Production quality is appropriate. When shooting ten new pistols, sports cartridges issued for training shooting, two pistols were tested sleeves, one misfire, and after repeated anx. When equipping stores, sharp edges of sponges cut fingers and not to die from periodic bloodletting, you have to take a file in the hands. With an increase in the store's capacity, one cartridge should move the holes to monitor the number of cartridges (the 18th charging gun is adopted in the Ministry of Internal Affairs). The holes themselves are located on the right side, and to visually determine the number of cartridges, the store must be completely pulled out of the handle or be left. Move the holes on the left wall of the store or on the rear, probably did not seem to be possible.
The latch of the store is not protected, random pressing when wearing is not uncommon. At best, you can lose the store, in the worst - to stay in the face of danger with an empty chamber, because when you accidentally press the store latch button, it departs down from the rate of consumption and the shutter slips past the cartridge. A shop - it seems like in the handle, pressed by the latch. The store itself should be done by the type of an APS store, with large windows, or by the type of PSM store to facilitate equipment cartridges. The shutter lever is located close to the fuse and, when you press one of the levers under the finger, gets another, which requires additional effort. On some, relatively new pistols, the shutter spontaneously breaks off from the shutter delay. The rear part of the shutter is straightforward design. Probably specifically done to collect different garbage. (Unlike PM and APS).
9 mm Automatic Pistols Aps
The notch in the front of the shutter is likely to tribute fashion and nothing more. When using this notch, the fingers rush into the sharp edges of the front of the frame. Maybe it is used to check the presence of a cartridge in the cartridge, how to do on foreign pistols? But for this there is a pointer for the presence of a cartridge in the chamber.
Two-way fuse lever. Good decision. But if there is only a right-sided staffing holster, this decision remains unclaimed. The same can be said about the staging of a fuse with the crusher. Absolutely excess function. When the pistol is removed from the holster, simultaneously weighing the trigger does not represent any problems. Especially since the sampling is soft and strongly on the accuracy of the first shot does not affect.
9 mm Self-loading Pistol Py
That's what it does not take in PI, so this is a smooth descent and a quick return to the aiming line after a shot. For high-speed shooting, it is more adapted. The similarity of the USMP and PSM is obviously and noticeable even by a specialist. Why not make a fuse the same as on the PSM design and arrange it on the gate, providing simultaneous removal from the fuse and echoing the juro. And close the back of the shutter from possible clogging by unauthorized objects. The protrusion on the front of the trigger for the index finger. Maybe he increases the accuracy of firing - I did not notice a special difference. The gun throws up the same as with the usual grip. And with such a wide bracket, for normal grip it is necessary to have a non-index finger, but a tentacle. Aimicious devices It was necessary to make streamlined, in order to prevent engagement for clothes or operational holster.
The gun has only one spare store. Full-time cartridges with a Power bullet differ from the 9x19 luger attendant strings of sports cartridges, the level of acoustic effect on the arrow, greater impact and a strong flash when shot. As a result, the shooter learns about these features only when using a gun in combat conditions. When applying the cartridges with a bullet PST in closed rooms, hazardous rickests were observed, which could be corrected by replacing half of the wearable ammunition for cartridges with bullets with a lead core. In general, such things with this pistol. Complete analogy with domestic and foreign cars. Similar, but something in ours is not that ...
Pistol Self-loading Special PSS
Here it is possible to say a phrase with full confidence, which is abused in our country - "has no analogues." Compact gun, fairly flat for hidden wearing. The exact, unpretentious, is always ready for battle - you do not need to attach the muffler.
Used as a second or third weapon. Rarely, but if necessary - he is ready to do. The gun is not uncommon from those whom it is laid. There are no problems with the cartridges either.
Knife NRS-2, PN14K glasses, PSS pistol, SP4 and 7N36 cartridges
Revolver TKB-0216
Consumerly degraded version of Smith and Vescon Revolvers. His only dignity is a smooth and soft descent. Given its large dimensions, it would be possible to use more powerful ammunition, such as SP10, SP11.
9 mm Revolver TKB-0216 (OTS-01 Cobalt)
Poor fitted handles. The axis of the drum is often spontaneously unscrewed.
PP-93 machine gun gun
Compact submachine gun with good fire opportunities. If there is some experience, you can "plant" the whole store in the target. Not bad accuracy and on shooting automatic fire with one hand. The APB modification has a package of PBS and a powerful laser designer of LP93. Unfortunately, on the trunk you can simultaneously install or PBS, or LCC. Fastening is carried out using a latch and has a big backlash. Shoulder stops one masterpiece. Due to the small return, with the embryo of the zatulnik, it is still possible to cope, but because of the bad fixation of the shoulder stop in the battle position, the bullet does not always go in the desired direction. And over time, this node is even more clenched.
9 mm Pistols-machine guns APB (modification of PP-93) with PBS installed (at the top) or LTZ (below)
The store latch button is very good. No complaints, which you can not say about the positive handle, located in a very interesting place. To quickly take the shutter, you need to train for a long time, since it is not easy to pull the handle, but before that it is also drowning and not to forget to return back as on PC. Otherwise, during a shot, it is possible to scream returning along with the shutter of the handle on the fingers. The fuse translator is located on the "right" side, but flat shape It does not always allow to quickly rearrange the modes of fire, especially in winter, in gloves.
9 mm Pistol-Machine CP-2M "Heather"
Powerful machine gun, accurate, with big ammunition. Purchased for the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, samples do not have colimator tar. - one of the main attributes of this weapon. Instead of a regular cover, there is a case from the AKS-74U machine and the bag for AK-74 stores. Apparently, the Ministry of Internal Affairs did not have enough money, or the responsible ranks did not consider it necessary to purchase weapons in the staff configuration.
9 mm Machine gun W-2M with a 30-charger store. Nearby is a 20-charging store
SR-2M machine gun - fuse and recharge handle are located on the right side.
At the first communication, the ill-conceived location of the controls is surprised. The fuse is located on the right side, although if you arrange it on the left side, under the thumb, it would be possible to quickly bring weapons into combat readiness, and also quickly translate into a safe state. And all this is one hand. Translator of fire modes on the contrary - used most often once, and quick access to it is optional. For quick recharging, it would be necessary to move the shutter handle on the other side or make a bilateral. With a folded butt, on some samples, the right traction overlaps the folded cutting knob for a couple of millimeters, and the handle has to choose from under the bow.
Upon receipt of "Vereskov" in the division, everyone who took them in hand paid attention to the too long shoulder emphasis. When shooting in a body armor, it is very noticeable, especially when holding the front handle.
By the way, about the handle. The thing is certainly necessary. When using the handle lock, sooner or later it presses the skin on the index finger. The handle itself is located close to the delight, which, with intense shooting, heats up strongly and comfortably does not add hand. It would be nice to install a plastic lining at the bottom of the fuel. I would not hurt an airplane with compensation holes. When holding weapons behind the front handle, the sharp edges of the bottom of the latter are crashed into a brush. Toler, but unpleasant. Most recently, during surgery, I tried silently to send the cartridge in the charm. That is, to accompany the shutter frame by hand, avoiding the blow of moving parts in the front position. Made it in a habit, as on 9a-91 this focus "rolls".
The shutter pushed the top cartridge, which on the way pulled behind him and the bottom. As a result, the upper cartridge burst into the treasured stem, the lower cartridge halfway out of the store, the bottom of the bottom of the top cartridge and jammed the store, which turned out to be impossible. I had to stick the shutter frame with my left hand, to the right of right to dig up the top cartridge, the lower fit back to the store. In the instruction manual, this delay is explained by the store malfunction. And this is on the new PP with a shot of a few shots. In general, on the dimensions, convenience of use and power, CP-2M is inferior to a proven and reliable automatic machine 9A-91.
Currently, there are a large number of small arms models in Russia, including pistols. But definite interest still represent "veterans" - TT, PM and APS, not one decade serving people.
Currently, there are a large number of small arms models in Russia, including pistols. They differ in caliber, and on the principle of automation work, and according to the tasks, for whose solutions they are intended. But the most significant authority is still "veterans" - TT, PM and APS, not one decade serving people.
The most deserved of the above is the "Pistol of 1933", more often called TT - Tula Tokarev.
It was adopted by the Red Army in 1930 in return to be outdated both morally and physically revolver Nagan 1895. In its tactical and technical characteristics, TT exceeded all the modern samples. Exceptional simplicity, strength and reliability, as well as the low value of its production - these are the distinctive features of this pistol.
In 1933, TT was subjected to minor upgrades. Minor changes were made to the trigger, the back wall of the handle was made whole.
Automation TT worked using the production of the trunk when it is short. A moving earring with a waste of the barrel backdamed its stateless part. At the same time, there was a reloading of weapons (the same principle was also used by the Rash M1911 gun, which allowed Western authors writing about the weapons, to call the TT "Tokarev-Colt" pistol).
The gun uses a 9.62x25 caliber cartridge (the same as in the Mauser pistol). Later under this cartridge, PPD machine guns were developed (1934), PPS (1941), PPS (1942).
However, the pistol has a rather significant drawback - it does not have a fuse as an independent part. Its role is performed by the safety vacckery. But in the event of a fall in the pistol, a spontaneous shot is possible as a result of a fuse of a safety platoon.
The gun with honor was tested by the Great Patriotic War, proven himself to be powerful, simple and reliable melee weapons. He remained in service and some time after the war. It is also the fact that the production of TT was established in China, Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia and other countries. In some of them, TT is available and so on.
High firing accuracy is ensured by the successful layout of the parts of the pistol. Due to the fact that the center of gravity of the pistol and the axial barrel is shifted closer to the handle, the TT with its rather significant weight (940 grams) is practically not felt in hand.
But the development of individual small arms required new solutions. At some point, TT ceased to be self-sufficient weapons, and in 1951 pistols N.F. Makarov (PM) and I.Y. Sustchkin (APS) came to change.
Both of these pistols in the work of the automation use the simplest, and therefore a more reliable principle - the return of the free shutter. Both pistols returned spring is hoping directly on the trunk (although in the first modification of the APS, the return spring was under the barrel, as in the pistols of the browning system). For both of these pistols, 9x18 cartridge is developed, more powerful than used in TT.
The undoubted advantage of PM is the design of the shock-trigger mechanism. Self-excavation device allows you to produce the first shot (if there is a cartridge in the chamber) without prior to stretch the juro. The flag fuse is in the back of the shutter casing, to the left, which allows you to control the gun with one hand (right, holding weapons). Bringing the gun in a combat position for its further wearing is carried out as follows. The shutter is driving a cartridge in the cartridge. Then the fuse turns on, while the shot does not occur. Now, to implement the first shot, you only need to remove the fuse and click on the trigger.
Aps
Despite the seeming similarity, APS and PM are completely different types of individual small arms. The APS is intended for arming officers directly participating in hostilities. The shock-trigger mechanism of this pistol is also a self-excavation, which allows not only single fire, but also shooting queues. The flag fuse, located as well as the Makarov pistol, serves simultaneously with the translator of fire. The sight of this pistol - mobile, for shooting at distances 25, 50, 100 and 200 meters. The store accommodates 20 cartridges (in a checkerboard). The Pistol of the APS is worn in a wooden or plastic holster, which, fastened to the back of the handle, performs the role of butt when shooting queues. In the extreme case, the fire queues can be done right with the hands, without butt (the cartridge used allows you to do). Unfortunately, despite the perfection of the structure, in the process of operation, there were also serious disadvantages of the APS (first of all, its excessive mass and dimensions), so now this gun is no longer produced by losing its place to the cedar type machine guns, "chestnut "And" Kiparis "using the same 9x18 mm cartridge.
Pistol, Makarova PM, on the contrary, served as a basic model for a number of new developments. In 1994, PMM was launched into mass production - Pistol Makarov Upgraded. Externally, it is practically no different from the basic model (with the exception of the cheeks of the handle), but its store accommodates 12 cartridges 57-n-181cm, which, without differing in size from the standard "Makarovsky" cartridge, has an increased penetrating and stopping. A slightly changed the design of the chamber - on its surface there are three screw grooves, providing braking shutter rollback and smoothing the difference in the dynamics of automation during the shooting of ordinary and reinforced cartridges. The rest of the same design, perfectly proven more than 40 years of operation, has not changed.
IL-71
In the mid-1990s, an Izh-71 gun was developed specifically for employees of security structures, on the basis of PM, which uses the 9x17 Kurz cartridge and has specially understated characteristics (for example, the initial flight rate of the bullet from "IL-71" is 290 m / C against 320 m / s at PM). The store "IL-71" is produced in 2 versions - by 8 and 10 ammunition (in the latter case, the gun is called "IL-71-10"). Externally, "IL-71" is different from PM again, cheeks of the handle.
PSM.
Especially for armament of the highest command formulation of the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Defense and the KGB-FSB, the creative team in the composition of T. Lashneva, A.A.Simarin and L.L. Kulikova was developed a pistol PSM (Self-charging gun). This pistol is designed for a new caliber cartridge 5.45 mm. Shock-trigger - self-excavated. Interesting the location of the fuse (above the back of the shutter). When it is turned off simultaneously, the splitting of the juro. The gun does not have protruding details, due to which its thickness does not exceed 18 mm, which creates advantages when it is hidden wearing. But because of the small punching ability of the cartridge, this weapon is unlikely in real battle. Rather, his niche is an individual self-defense weapon. All its design features indicate that.
Of course, new types of pistols are currently produced, designed to perform completely different problems in different conditions., But the TT, PM, APS and PSM left their worthy contribution to the story, not one decade faithfully serving the cause of the protection of the Motherland.
TT or PM?
Sometimes it is possible to witness the dispute of "specialists" in the field of weapons. For example: Until recently, it was customary to argue about which pistols is better, Pistol Makarova (PM) or a gun Tula Tokarev (TT). In general, disputes concerning absolutely any small arms, almost one class, at least not correct. Two different samples, in this case of the pistol, can only be compared in some particular situation. And then, all the flaws and the advantages of this or that will be indirect. During application, not on a shooting range, but in real pistol battle is not for life, but to death, the advantages and disadvantages of weapons are determined, first of all, the qualifications and experience of the arrow, here can also be attributed technical condition Pistol and ammunition, that is, their reliability and quality at the current time. BUT tactical and technical characteristics Weapons will be the advantage only in the case of their competent use.
The release of TT pistols (sample 1930) began in 1933. Mass production fell on the Great Patriotic War. Pistols released during this period are not distinguished by the quality of manufacture and assembly. At the time of the armory conveyors, at the time there were not always qualified personnel (teenagers, women), and not always at hand was the necessary steel for the manufacture of weapons. From the front there are pistols and repair. In addition, the release guns until 1943 suffered from constructive flaws and defects. A shot of such pistols, as a rule, was no more than 700 - 750 shots, after which the automation failures began. Frequently, such malfunctions as the store loss and the loss of the drummer are often. On the hands, more often in the criminal world, the TT pistols found on the places of the battles and restored by the "black diggers" can be. Reliability of such copies is extremely low. To date, the TT pistol remains in service in separate divisions of various power structures, it is usually the pistols produced in the post-war period, but the technical condition of many of them leaves much to be desired. The main drawback of the "modern" TT, compared with PM, is low reliability. But this unworthyness is not related to the design of the gun, this is the result of poor-quality manufacturing, assembly and rigid operation, significantly affects reliability and temporary factor. The disadvantages compared with PM include weight and dimensions. TT is heavier and more (with a shop without cartridges TT - 850 PM - 730). Refer to disadvantages and impossibility of shooting by self-sizing. The advantage of the TT before PM is his ammunition that has a fairly high penetration effect. The TT 7.62x25 was used with a bullet with a weight of 5.5 g. And the initial speed of 420-450 m / s. From the TT, you can hit the object located in the body armor to II class armor (PM only to class I). Therefore, the TT is in great demand from killers. It is possible to take advantage of a fairly common and cheap ammunition (cheap and angrily).
PM gun was adopted in 1951 in replacing the pistol TT, and to the present in fact is in the ranks Armed Forces, Ministry of Internal Affairs and other strength structures of Russia, although the already more advanced samples are officially placed on modern requirements (PI "GRCH"; GS-18, etc.). PM from TT differs primarily high reliability. At present, PM is one of the most reliable pistols in the world. By reliability, he stands in one row with such a gun as a glob. The main disadvantage compared to the TT is an ammunition with a relatively non-high punching bullet. Therefore, for the Armed Forces PM Pistol as modern weapon Lowestly. It is not suitable and as a means of dismissal or stopping vehicles, in case of use, for example, in the traffic police units. However, during a shootout within the PM staircase, it is still preferable to TT. Since almost one modern door released from TT will not stand before the bullet, if it is not booking in the appropriate class, therefore, third parties may be affected, which is not acceptable when conducting operational activities by employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. There is such a concept as stopping the bullet action. Here, theoretically between PM and TT can be put a sign equal. But in practice (according to statistics), the reinforcing action of PM bullet is considered higher. This is connected with the cross section of the bullet. The cartridge used in PM - 9x18 with a bullet mass of 6.1 g. And the initial speed of 315 m / s. The advantage over the TT and the presence of a self-shock-shock mechanism in PM, as well as automation of free shutter.
Output. Of course, PM more modern and reliable weapons rather than TT. But the Makarov pistol in modern conditions more suitable only as police or security weapons and it is not always, but for the army he is already outdated. If not something to choose, then the TT pistol can be used to damage protected purposes, where PM is unlikely due to the low punching bullet. Led to normal battle, well-established TT to use well as training and training, sports weapons. The ammunition of the cheap and cartridges of this caliber still many more.
So, what is better - PM or TT? The question remains open.
