"Hussara" in volatility.
We flew in the fall in Chechnya and the turntable closed us, we were 6 and from the turntable, 6 two hundred and smiling pilot said "And what to replace it?". But we returned alive, did not come true.
.
876 Separate Rota special purpose, Basited in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Costa Vladikavkaz, first took an active part in the elimination of the consequences of the Ossetian-Ingush conflict. Chermen, the Circle, Tarskoy, Vladikavkaz. Patrol on the border, demining, the protection of important persons such as: Lozovoy, Kvashann, Troshev and Shamanov. Then a business trip to Chechnya I stayed there for 9 months. Basically, the division was in Hancale and by order on the helicopter were sent to the mountains, then there were squares in the mountains in the mountains, the search and destruction of irreconcilable, or artvodka or aviation, the elimination of oil refineries, the search and liberation of the prisoners, and the fusion of the Mujahideen. Bamut was for me a demobel chord.
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"Hussara" in volatility.
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Before Bamut, we traveled two or three weeks. Our task was: to block the village and and then during the assault to save the prisoners if there are. It was the only time when we acted with scrollium 166 of the OMSBR (with "Fearful Rota") we walked on the bamut on the other side of the pass, was such a moment: that we confused them with the militants, and caused artillery on them.
"I died the battery on the radio, worked only at the reception. And heard someone with the call sign "Hussar" binds to our artillery and asks to send 3-5 "cucumbers" (min), they say some kind of body. At the same time they call our coordinates. The god of war did not praise, sent 5 "cucumbers", and, most amazing, did not miss this time. "
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From Lev: Nikolai "Communication" and Jura "Frost" in Bamut.
Under the bamut, we did not have a shootout with militants except for a single shelling, where they were wounded. It was like this: we went from the bottom, and the militants are higher, they went noisy, we heard and lay under the leaves of the fern (probably) in principle, in the scope of the bearded, it was visible, but if it goes into battle, it would have interfered with many of us. Our position was not profitable. We stumbled ... someone apparently noticed something from them and gave turn in foliage in our direction. One bullet entered our guy, which was with the WRCh in his hand, in the flesh. He was in front of me, I saw only how he squeezed his teeth with a belt of a machine gun. There was no more shooting.
Later we tried to contact "mad" but they turned off the radio. For us, the "cucumbers" flew and on them, well, they apparently decided that they were trapped and their loud. We also turned off for a while (in fact, at the radio station Nikolai "Communication" just got a battery on the radio and he worked only at the reception).
The moment of the meeting and his details with the "Ramane Rota" did not remember. We got a delay in the day before, the turntable did not come during. And we were from yesterday in the easiest ", the fighters did not eat anything. And then the guys shared with garbage.
"Hussary".
On armor BMP "Hussary", with the right guys from the "Ramane Company".
Next, we descended from the hills, it was already absolutely dark. An order was given that sleeping at the stream, if paired doses appear, then remove silent knives and silent weapons. At night, when it was raining, we found themselves in the stream, and lying around in the water all night. In my morning, something was, but it is so "how tea drinks." Somewhere noise, you turn there, then it seems like it seems that they answered, well, a couple more people to join you. On the outfit on May 25, together with the "rams" entered the bamut. As such, I do not remember, small shootouts are incomprehensible to whom, more precisely, we shot, before entering the house or into the courtyards, there were underground transitions between the houses, the grenades were throwing there, and so everything was the village of Herochlorian. So all day and passed, then we took some kind of house and spent there. I then died a little with officers, we were tired of all the bers in clay, and they let us chase us as perfume, well, we kind of fucked by the shutters. " On the second day of stay in Bamut, we went to the dungeon, missile mines, there was nothing interesting, garbage dirt and screamed, then led sappers, flew shamans like and then rushed these mines at the entrance, the entrance was pounded and everyone went home. For years, I don't remember how it would seem to be a cow in Hancal on the turntance, the order for the demob was long ago. From Huncala with a turntable back to Vladikavkaz and then current home by train.
Here you probably do not know what such was. No fact! True lasted for less than a day.
Because it was the most that neither there is a typical "war in mistake"
If briefly:
1983
year. "Kabul" company special forces with the support of two DSB sent
disassemble in building materials Kislak, located in the Zarandja area.
Received information that locality Used
"spirits" as a basic camp, and at the same time and the final point on
routes of major caravans from Iran. In such "points" caravans
ceased to exist as a whole and disintegrated by many
small caravanters, and catch at 6-7 Ishakov on the passes "Beretam" on
yuh did not stop.
As usual, for informational support
operations answered HAD (Afghan BodyGabnya, which, unlike
the Afghan army brought at least some kind of limited
Contingent). The agents of these were supposed to accommodate
in the mountains, triangular panels whose sharp ends indicate
kislak. Further, the pilots for these guidelines enter the goal, "air
cavalry "went and ....
Here at this stage preliminary
preparations and misunderstood. Whether the Hydov residents drank and wandered on
the territory of the neighboring state, or Iranians had a similar
the manner of marking border forps - the truth is likely to not know
nobody .... pilots in one voice then swore that the relief seen
by the terrain one to one corresponded to the demonstrated
before the operation of aerial photographs and layout.
In short, the valiant Soviet special forces committed a sudden attack on the territory of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Kislak
checked a few minutes and without loss - "guests" here is clearly not
waited. In the process of collecting trophies, the brave "Council Rambo" paid attention
on the fact that some of the milk "spirits" are dressed in some clearly unfamiliar
they shape, and even with the pursuit (the last in the context of the partisan war
- already explicit nonsense). Tinging the eyes from the soil, fighters in surprise
discovered in the middle of the village not marked on their plans
european style with a tricolor flag on the roof - post Iranian
border Guard. Interrogation of prisoners finally clarified the situation -
"How in Leningrad?!?".
"They missed" they kilometers so 15,
and at the same time also made an act, fall, aggression. To asset "Kabulskaya
rota ", however, could write a fact that discreomed by all
kislak rules have been used by Mujaheds as a transshipment
bases on the same caravan route - But who is easier from this? Because
in the morning, the owners of the field did the correspondence friendly visit in
composition of a motorized battalion with the support of two "phantoms".
Fight
with this scenario, the special forces of desire, of course, did not appear
found it useful to make maneuver "Accelerated departure with occupied
positions, "saying easier - try to hardly drain from the spot
international incident. Because the Special Forces Arsenal is designed
a lot on what - but not on the maintenance of full-fledged fighting
against the superior forces of the enemy having an aircraft.
We need
say that in this operation "Kabul Rota" practically did not have
lOSS. Зато пиздюли их "дома" ждали наиграндиознейшие. Iran demanded
apologies, blood and convening an extraordinary UN Assembly. Moscow "Della
face "and apologized.
But in Kabul, these guys walked heroes. "If without an order, it would come to Tehran," Yeah.
But this is already from the "Hunting Baek" and "military songs".
BUT
in addition to the "Kabul company", in addition to the "Soviet-Iranian war" was
a lot of really successful and beautiful operations and 8 years "behind the river"
- more than all parts of the special forces of limited contingent of Soviet
forces in Afghanistan.
Dear colleagues, know anything about the differences of a special purpose regiment, guarding the Kremlin since 1936? In official history, it is indicated that the form of internal protection was worn. However, on a number of photos, officers are depicted in caps with light trunks and dark tulles (circa 1940-1941), and on the photo of issuing a challenge in 1943. ORSN encryption is visible (it is not yet clear to me that it could designate - a separate special purpose company ?), Later is visible encryption "PSN".
Yes, then everything is known "On the differences of a special purpose regiment, guarding the Kremlin since 1936."
ORSN, as you guessed correctly, this is a separate company special purpose, until August 1942, called the military-fire team. Orsn was not part of the PSN, but was part of the Kremlin garrison. Even in the composition of the garrison, a separate motorway battalion was included, the military personnel of which they wore the OAO encryption on the chains and the military-building battalion, whose servicemen were worn by Encryment. In addition, the Kremlin garrison was a separate officer battalion, in the greatness of a separate battalion of the GOGB NKVD.
All of the above-listed servicemen, except the GUGB battalion, were the form of internal troops, part of which were:
36. Special purpose plug is completed:
a) command and supervisory composition - by special selection from the border and internal troops of the NKVD
b) ordinary composition - from the next call contingents with the obligatory condition for the verification and study of the assigned composition during the year.
The coating of the incomplete in the period between the calls is made by special selection from the parts of the border and internal troops.
37. The service life in a special purpose shelf is set at 3 years.
38. When calculating the length of years to retire the command and the commanding composition of the Kremlin garrison parts, the year of service in the composition of the garrison is accepted in 1.5 years.
39. Military fire team completes:
a) ordinary composition - according to a special selection of the number of Krasnoarmeysky and junior commanders and superior-employees of the border and internal troops of the NKVD, which have passed special training;
b) by the command and supervisory composition - according to a special selection of the command and the superior composition of the border and internal troops of the NKVD, which has been trained;
c) specialists - according to a special selection of the NKVD militant fire department who graduated from the school
40. A separate battalion of the Main Security Department of the NKVD of the USSR has its appointment of service for especially responsible posts.
41. The battalion is completed:
a) from among the Red Army and the younger team and the superior composition of a special purpose regiment payable for long-term vacation;
b) from among the junior and medium-sized team and the superior composition of the border and internal troops of the NKVD.
c) from among the superior composition of the GUGB.
Packing is made according to a special selection in a voluntary order.
42. The entire selected Krasnoarmeysky and the junior commander pre-training in Gugb schools.
The personal composition of the battalion is assigned the special titles of the superior composition of the GUGB.
43. The personal composition of the battalion passes the service on common with the whole bunch of GUGB grounds.
44. The battalion service divisions are completed and served on the general reasons with the personnel of a special purpose regiment.
Combat application military formationsperforming reconnaissance and special tasks in the enemy rear, have their own rich history. Today we can recall the equestrian teams of General Field Marshal P.A. Rumyantsev; famous organizers partisan traffic M.I. Cutup and Prince P.I. Bagrition; Actions in the rear of the opponent D.V. Dvavydova; Civil War in Spain and Diversanta number 1 I.G.Starinova, and many others.
Modern special forces appeared not from scratch. In the years Civil War In a number of armies and fronts, special military units were created, which carried out the preparation of saboteurs, transfer them to the enemy's rear and leadership them. In the 1930s, in case of war in the border military districts, sabotage-partisan detachments and groups that have received the name of "sperno-camovocating plants" were prepared on the basis of engineering and sperm units. During the Great Patriotic War The military intelligence bodies created a significant number of special military formations for conducting reconnaissance and sabotage actions in the rear of the enemy. Everyone is well known for the famous separate special-purpose brigade, in which the service was heldhero Zoya Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.
With the change in the military-political situation in the world after the end of the WFM and the appearance nuclear weapons A decision was made to create under the general and mechanized armies, in the airborne army and in military districts that did not have armies, the mouth of a special purpose. October 24, 1950 Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal Soviet Union A.M.Vasilevsky signed Directive No. Org / 2/395/832, prescribing to form up to May 1, 1951 46 of the special purpose of 120 people, in all military districts, groups of troops and fleets. This day is considered to be the birthday of parts and units of the GRU.
The personnel of the first units was selected from army intelligence. A widely used experience of the intelligence and sabotage activities of Soviet partisans and diversant diversants are widely used.
By May 1, 1951, 46 companies were formed by a regular number of 120 people. All of them submitted to the General Intelligence Department of the General Staff. In fact, the special purpose company could be called "miners-paratroopers" companies, but because of the special orientation of tasks, they received the name that received.
The following tasks were delivered to the new formation: the organization and conduct of intelligence, the destruction of any means of a nuclear attack, identifying military formations andconducting specials in the enemy rear, organization and conduct of sabotage shares, creating an enemy in the rear Rebel (partisan) detachments, etc.
Over time, the structure and quantitative composition of the special forces changed more than once, but the essence of its destination remained always the same.
At the very beginning of the 50s, the Soviet army suffered a large reduction. Divisions, brigades and shelves were reduced with tens and hundreds, many buildings, armies and districts were disbanded. I did not escape the fate of the abbreviations and special forces of GRU - in 195s, the S5 of the mouth of a special purpose was disbanded. From a complete reduction, Special Intelligence was saved by General N.V. Ogarkov, who was able to prove the need to have such formations in the SCSR Sun.
In total, the 11th mouth of a special purpose was saved. Rots remained at the most important operating areas:
- 18th Special Proposition Rota of the S6 Commissar Army of the Trans-Baikal Military District (in the area of \u200b\u200bBorzya);
- The 26th separate company special appointment of the 2nd Guards Mechanized Army of the Soviet Occupation Forces Group in Germany (garrison in Fürstenberg);
- 27th separate special purpose company (district) in the northern group of troops (Poland, Stzheg);
- Z6-I a separate company of special purpose of the 1st Commercial Army of the Carpathian Military District (Khmelnitsky);
- 4rd separate Rota special purpose of the 7th Guards Army of the Transcaucasian Military District (Lagoduekhi);
- 61th separate Rota special purpose of the 5th Community Army of the Primorsky Military District (Ussuriysk);
- 75th separate company special purpose in a special mechanized army (Hungary, Nyireghaz);
- 76th separate Rota special purpose of the 2nd Communist Party Army of the Leningrad Military District (Pskov);
- 77th separate Rota special purpose of the 8th mechanized army of the Carpathian Military District (Zhytomyr);
- 78th separate company special purpose (district) in the Tauride Military District (Simferopol);
- 92nd Special Promotion Rota of the 25th Community Army of the Primorsky Military District (n. P. Fighter Kuznetsov).
Among the total number of disconced special purposes should be mentioned about the companies that have had, in addition to the general "special forces" training, also special services for the service: For example, the fighters of the 99th separate special purpose company (district) Arkhangelsk Military District in combat schools were focused on Tasks in the complex conditions of the Arctic, the intelligence officers of the 200th separate company of the special purpose of the Siberian Military District were studied "Chinese. The Theater of Military Activities, and the personnel of the 227th of a separate special purpose company of the 9th Commercial Army of the North Caucasus Military District passed minoric training.
In 1956, the 61st individual Rota of the Special Appointment of the 5th Commercial Army of the Far Eastern Military District was redeployed to the Turkestan Military District to the city of Kazanzhik. Probably, GS leadership decided to pay attention to the southern "Islamic" direction. Second wave of formation separate Rot Special purpose accounted for the beginning of the 70s.
Apparently, at this time, the Fathers of the General Staff decided to give a "special purpose tool" not only to the fronts (districts), but also to some of the general associations. As a result, several separate mouths for armies and army buildings were formed. Several mouth was formed for the internal military districts, previously not had parts of special intelligence. In particular, in the Siberian Military District a 791th separate special purpose company was formed. In the Western group of troops in Germany and in the Far East, individual companies were formed in each army.
In 1979, in the composition of the Turkestan Military District, in order to subsequent use in Afghanistan, 459th is formed by a separate special purpose. The company will be introduced into the drama and show itself the best. Another wave of the formation of individual mouth specials accounted for the mid-80s. Then companies were formed in all armies and buildings, which had no such divisions before that moment. Rots were formed even on such exotic (but fully justified) directions like Sakhalin (877- I am a separate company special purpose of the 68th Army Corps) and Kamchatka (571th separate Rota special purpose of the 25th Army Corps).
In 1957, the leadership of the Armed Forces of the USSR decided to reform the five mouth of the special purpose to battalions. By the end of the year, five special purpose battalions and four separate special purpose companies were composed of five special purpose battalions of the USSR.
· 26th separate special purpose battalion GSVG (Fürstenberg);
· 27th hotel battalion Special purpose of the SGV (Stzheg);
· 36th separate special purpose battalion for the first time (Khmelnitsky);
· 43rd separate special purpose battalion 3QUEVO (Lagoduekhi);
· 61st separate special purpose battalion Turkvo (Kazanzhik);
· 18th separate Rota special purpose 36th OD 3Abvo (Mr. Born);
· 75th Separate Special Purpose Rota Yugv (Nyiregyhaz);
· 77th separate Rota special purpose 8th TD CBO (Zhytomyr);
· 78th separate Rota special purpose ODO (Simferopol).
At the same time, two companies were disbanded, the personnel of which went to the staffing of new battalions. For example, the 92th special company's company of the 25th Army DVO was immersed in urgency on the echelon and sent to Poland - on the basis of this company and the 27th company of the northern group of troops in the SGV, the 27th Separate Special Battalion was formed .. The transfer of special purpose units to the battalion structure made it possible to optimize the educational process, freeding a significant part of the personnel from the carrying of the garrison and guard service. Three battalions were focused on the Western (European) direction, one was in the Caucasus and one more - in Central Asia.
Three companies had in the west direction, and only one special purpose company at that time had on our eastern direction as part of the Z6th Army of the Trans-Baikal Military District. Subsequently, after creating the brigades, special purpose battalions became referred to - the outlines, "and the organizationally, they were all part of the brigades. Since the 60s, battalions, as independent combat units, did not exist, except for individual teams of brigades that could be highlighted from the compound for action at individual operating areas, but in peacetime they continued to remain in brigades.
Experience in combat training and various teachings showed the need to create compounds in the system a significantly larger existing individual battalions that could solve an advanced range of tasks.
In particular, special purpose compounds should have been in the threatened period to do not only exploration and diversions in the enemy rear, but also to the formation of partisan detachments in the occupied territory (or in the territory that could be occupied). In the future, relying on these partisan formations, special forces and had to solve their tasks. It is the guerrilla orientation that was the priority combat task of the compounds created.
In accordance with the decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU of August 20, 1961, "On the training of personnel and the development of special equipment for organizing and equipping partisan detachments" by the Director of the General Staff of February 5, 1962, in order to prepare and accumulate frames for the deployment of a partisan movement in wartime, the commander of military districts was It is ordered to select 1700 reserve servicemen, bring them to the brigade and conduct thirty-day fees.
After fees, special military accounting specialties were assigned to personnel. They were forbidden to booke for the national economy and use not directly intended.
Directive of the General Staff dated March 27, 1962, projects of the states of a special purpose team for peaceful and wartime were developed.
Since 1962, the creation of 10 lesd brigades began, the formation and arrangement of which was mainly completed by the end of 1963:
- 2nd OBRSPN (V / h 64044), formed on December 1, 1962 (according to other data, in 1964) on the basis of the 76th Lenvo and the personnel of the 237th Guards Parachute Regiment, the first commander - D. Grishakov; Leningrad Military District, Pechora, Media;
- 4th ORBSPN (V / h 77034), formed in 1962 in Riga, the first commander - D.S. Szhin; Baltic Military District, then translated into Wiljandi;
- 5th ORPSPN (V / h 89417), formed in 1962, the first commander - I.I. Kovalevsky; Belarusian Military District, Maryina Gorka;
- 8th OBRSPN (V / h 65554), formed in 1962 on the basis of the 36th Prospz, the Carpathian Military District, Izyaslav, Ukraine;
- 9th OBRSPN (in / h 83483), formed in 1962, the first commander -L.S.Gorov; Kiev Military District, Kirovograd, Ukraine;
- 10th ORPSPN (V / h 65564), formed in 1962, Odessa Military District, Old Crimea, Pervomaysky;
- 12th OBRSPN (V / h 64406), formed in 1962 on the basis of the 43rd Prospz, the first commander - I.I. Geleberia; 3Acaucasian military district, Lagoduekhi, Georgia;
- 14th OBRSPN (V / h 74854), formed on January 1, 1963 on the basis of the 77th Orb, the first commander - P.N. Yemin; Far Eastern Military District, Ussuriysk;
- 15th OBRSPN (V / h 64411), formed on January 1, 1963 on the basis of the 61st Prospz, the first commander - N.N.Lutsev; Turkestan Military District, Chirchik, Uzbekistan;
- 16th OBRSPN (V / h 54607), formed on January 1, 1963, the first commander - D.V. Shippet; Moscow Military District, Chuchkovo.
Brigades were formed mainly by military personnel intelligence units Airborne and Ground Forces. For example, the officer's backbone of the 14th round of the Far Eastern Military District during the formation was equipped with officers of the 98th Guards Airborne Division from Belogorsk (from which 14 officers came to the brigade), and the staff of the urgent service was recruited from the military registration and enlistment offices.
Basically, the formation of the first ten brigades ended 7 to the beginning of 1963, but, for example, the 2nd OBRSPN, according to some data, was finally formed only in 1964.
The organizational and staff structure of a separate special purpose brigade in 1963 was as follows:
- brigade headquarters (about 30 people);
- one detachable SPN detachment (by the state of 164 people);
- a detachment of special cooperation on a reduced state (about 60 people);
- three leaning unit SPN;
- two leaning separate SPN troops;
- economic support company;
in addition, there were such rolled divisions in the brigade as:
- rota special mining;
- a group of special weapons (PRK, RS "HRAD-P, P3KK).
In peacetime, the number of a vaccine brigade did not exceed 200-300 people, in the states of wartime, a fully expanded special brigade had more than 2500 people in its composition.
At the beginning of its existence, the brigade was levied and in particular, in the 9th OBRSPN, stationed in Ukraine in the city of Kirovograd, initially there were six detachments, in which only in the first detachment there were two types of specials, the platoon of the specialist and the platoon of special distribution. In the remaining five detachments there were only commanders. Command, headquarters and political waste brigades consisted of thirty people. Colonel L.S.Gorov was appointed the first commander of the 9th Brigade, but soon he received a spinal injury on parachute jumps, and Colonel Archives V.I. was appointed commander of the brigade
By the end of 1963, the USSR Sun was (some in the formation stage):
- twelve individuals of special purpose;
- two separate special purpose battalions;
- ten separate brigades Special purpose (frame).
Soon, re-formation of units and parts of special purpose was carried out, as a result of which, as part of the USSR Armed Forces, by the end of 1964 it remains:
- six separate specials of special purpose;
- two separate special purpose battalions (26th and 27th) in the west direction;
- ten separate lessed special-purpose brigades.
In August 1965, the head of the General Staff for generals and officers of military intelligence and units of special purpose engaged in combat training of personnel on the tactics of partisan action was approved "instruction on the organization and tactics of partisans".
At that time, the brigade of special purpose was perceived by all - as a reserve for deploying in the rear of the enemy of the partisan war. The special forces even called the partisans. The experience of creating such formations seems to have proceeded from the preparation of a partisan special overreserve the late 20s - early 30s, as is known, all participants were repressed in the late 30s.
In 1966, in the Odessa Military District to train specialists of foreign intelligence and sabotage units (and in the essence of the militaries of national liberation movements), the 165th special-purpose training center was formed. The center was based in the area of \u200b\u200bSimferopol and existed at least 1990.
In 1966, in Fürstenberg (Garniszov Verder, N.P. Nooy-Timman) on the basis of the 5th Guards Separate Intelligence Motorcycle Battalion (the 5th Guards Warsaw-Berlin Motorcycle Regiment, which was formed in 1944) on the basis of the 5th Guards The Directive of the Commander-in-Chief of the HSVG on the basis of the 26th Ospli with the attraction of the forces of the 27th ProspN, the 48th and 166th ORB was formed a compound of special purpose of the new type - 3rd ORBS, which in the legacy of the 5th motorcycle battalion got the guards rank . Colonel R.P. was appointed commander of the new brigade. Mosolov. The brigade received a conditional name in / h 83149. The main difference between the new brigade from the existing things was that the brigade was still unfolded to a complete, special state, as well as the fact that the brigade had separate parts in its composition - separate special detachments.
This brigade at that time was the most commissioned (up to 1,300 person personnel) and was in constant combat readiness to fulfill the tasks for purpose. The detachments of the brigade were formed in a somewhat other state, rather than detachments of the brigades that were stationed in the USSR. These detachments had 212 people on staff, while the "Union" brigades had a state of only 164 people. Complete title: 3rd Separate Guards Red Blank Warsaw-Berlin Order of Suvorov 3rd Degree Special Brigade.
As part of the Brigade, special details were formed: 501th, 503rd, 509th, 510th, 512.
In 1968, under the leadership of the Senior Officer of the GSH GSH Colonel Khokalkov, the 9th company of cadets-special forces in the composition of the three platforms was created in the RVVDC, and in 1979, the company was deployed to the battalion of Special Forces (1st and 14th company) .
Also preparation of personnel for special forces was engaged in the Kiev General Command School, which produced officers with a specialty "Referrant - Translator".
In 1978 at the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze was created at the Primary Faculty of the 4th training group of special forces officers. In 1981, the first issue of the Special Forces group took place.
In 1969, on the basis of the 16th ORDSPN MVO in the village of Chuchkovo Ryazan region, the GSH, an operational and strategic experience of the GSR was conducted, the purpose of which was to work out combat application Parts of special purpose. To ensure the transfer of personnel and cargo in the rear of the enemy, military transport aviation was attracted. Airfield takeoff and landing - Dyagilevo. To designate nuclear and other means mass lesionTheir protection and defense, as well as to counteract the parataging, collecting and storing their parachutes, was attracted by the personnel of six (2nd, 4th, 5th, 8th, 9th and 10th) team of special purpose.
In 1970, a special purpose training company was deployed in Pechorah, which was later reorganized to the training battalion, and then in the 1071th special-purpose training regiment (V / h 51064), which was engaged in the preparation of junior commanders and specialists for special purpose divisions. At 1071, the UPPN functioned the school of ensigns for special purposes.
From the mid-70s, the General Staff has found the opportunity to deploy the brigades by increasing the number of personnel. As a result of this decision it was possible to complete team detachments by 60-80%. From this period, the brigade of special purpose has become combatable and no longer be considered as partisan reserve.
On June 12, 1975, the head of the GSH, the USSR was approved "Instructions for combat use of compounds, parts and divisions (brigade, a detachment, battalion) of a special purpose".
In 1972, two brigades were formed in the group of Soviet troops in Mongolia, the numbering of which stands in one row with the numbers of a special-purpose team, but these brigades received the name of "individual intelligence brigades". The new brigades included three separate intelligence battalions armed with infantry combat machines and armored personnel carriers and units combatwhich was due to the nature of the area in the Liability Station of HSWM. Nevertheless, in each of these brigades there were "jumping" intelligence-landing companies, as well as in each brigade there was its own separate helicopter squadron. Most likely, creating these brigades, the General Staff tried to find the optimal organization of special purpose parts, which had to act in the mining and deserted terrain.
As a result, the 20th and 25th individual intelligence brigades were formed. Such formations B. Soviet army There was no more anywhere. In the mid-1980s, these brigades were reformed into separate mechanized brigades and were part of the newly formed 48th Guards Army Corps, and with the collapse of the USSR, after the withdrawal of troops from Mongolia, were disbanded.
In the late 1970s, General Stalb found the ability to translate a special purpose brigade from the crushed to the detailed composition, as well as find reserves to form two more brigades. The 22nd Special Force Brigade was formed on July 24, 1976 in the Central Asian Military District in the city of Kapchaga on the basis of one of the detachments of the 15th Brigade, the Rota of the Special Railway Communications 15th Brigade, the 525th and 808th individuals of the special purpose Central Asian and Volga Military Districts. Until 1985, the brigade was in Capchage, later several times changed the locations of the deployment and in this time Located in the area of \u200b\u200bAksai Rostov Region (in / h 11659).
24th Special Brigade It was formed in the Trans-Baikal Military District on November 1, 1977 on the basis of the 18th ODSP and stationed originally in the area of \u200b\u200bN. P. Harabarka of the Chita region (2nd platform), then in 1987 was translated into n. P. Kyakhta, and in 2001 was translated into Ulan-Ude (V / h 55433), and then in Irkutsk. When translating the brigade in Kyacht 282th OOSPN was transferred to the subordination of the 14th ORDSPN of the Far Eastern Military District and replicated to the city of Khabarovsk.
Later, in 1984, in the Siberian Military District on the basis of the 791th ORSP, the 67th special purpose brigade is formed, which is deployed in the city of Berdsk Novosibirsk region (in / h 64655).
In 1985, in the period afghan warIn Chirchik, the 467th training regiment of the special purpose (V / h 71201), who was preparing the frames for the special purposes operating in Afghanistan, was formed on the site of the 15th brigade in Afghanistan. The regiment consisted of training battalions and supply units. The educational regiment had great privileges in the selection of personnel. If, when selecting conscripts in this regiment, the officer came across a call point with any difficulties that arose questions were solved by one telephone call in the GRU.
According to the staff of the special purpose, which are part of the brigades deployed in the USSR, were in their composition:
- three special purpose companies (42 people);
The total detachment was in its composition 164 people.
Special detailsincluded in the 3rd GW OGRSPN, hadnext state:
- department management (6 people);
- three special purpose companies (58 people);
- rota special combination (32 people).
Total in these detachments there were 212 personnel personnel.
A separate army company special appointment had at different times on state from 115 to 127 people.
Soviet special forces were attracted to combat operations abroad. The first large overseas operation of special forces was carried out in 1968 in Prague (Czechoslovakia, now the Czech Republic). Presumably, in hostilities in Czechoslovakia, the divisions of the 3rd, 8th and 9th special destination team took part. Army special forces also participated in combat operations on the territory of Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, Cuba and Vietnam, in Afghanistan. In total, the Army Special Forces sent its divisions in two dozen countries of Asia, Latin America and Africa.
Parts of the special purpose of the Armed Forces of Ukraine:
- 10 separate special detachment (Kiev)
- 3rd separate special-purpose regiment (Kirovograd)
- 8th separate special purpose regiment (Khmelnitsky)
- 50th separate training detachment of special training (on the rights of a separate battalion) (Kirovograd)
- 801th separate detachment of fighting underwater sabotage, forces and means. (G. Sevastopol)
- 73rd Sea Center special operations Navy of Ukraine. (G. Ochakov).
Happy holiday, colleagues !!!
In just a few years of part and sPN units survived an amazing fork of development: from a serious reduction and reconnaissance to the formation of new brigades and even battalions, re-equipment on the latest samples of weapons and military equipment, communications, intelligence and monitoring devices. But, even despite the successful actions " polite people"In Crimea, Russian special forces have quite a lot of serious problems.
Everything that since 2009 occurs in parts and units of special purpose, received the Special Forces themselves quite a good name "chaotic throwing" or even easier - "chaos". How joke in parts and units SPN: " At first we wondered, and now we are trying to bloom in a new way. But everything is somehow unsuccessful».
Warming up brigades
From the very beginning declared former defense minister and the former chief of the General Staff of the transition to a new appearance of a special purpose brigade were subjected to a sudden reduction and re-formation. Moreover, the parts and divisions of the SPN will be reconciled by intelligence Ground Forces, leaving the structure of the school of the General Staff. But the management that was responsible for special forces and remained in the GRU.
In 2009, the 12th (city asbest) and 67th (Berdsk) of the special purpose brigade were disbanded, and the 24th rounds of the OSRPN had time to change several locations of the dislocation, moving first from Ulan-Ude to Irkutsk, and Then in Berdsk, losing with each movement of military personnel who did not want to continue the service in new garrisons.
According to some reports, it was planned to disband the youngest brigade - the 10th OBRSPN from Krasnodar Molkino, created in 2003 to solve special tasks in the North Caucasus. True, the situation in the region forced to abandon these plans. But still one of the brigade detachments was transferred to the newly formed experimental 100th intelligence brigade.
In the rest of the parties and units of special forces, the positions of officers and ensigns were reduced, and the number of servicemen for call, replacing contract soldiers, was significantly increased. At one time, the commanders of the divisions were a special schedule for the dismissal of contract soldiers, for the execution of which was asked at each meeting.
According to the initial plan, approved by the former NGS, a group of 12 people had enough two-three servicemen under the contract - Deputy Commander of the Group, Sniper and Connection. As the fighters of special forces say, first broke everything, and then they began to build new system, I do not understand why they want in the end.
In 2009, the so-called national special purpose battalions appeared in several general-official brigades. In particular, in the 19th OMSBR, such a battalion is equipped with military personnel of the Ingush nationality, and in the 18th and 8th teams - mostly Chechens.
Even greater chaos in the reform of the special forces divisions made an Olympiad in Sochi. For its ensuring the Ministry of Defense, the formation of a special purpose brigade is the 346th OBRSPN and a separate shelf - the 25th OPSPN. According to some reports, the main task of these military units was the protection of the Sochi district from possible raids of terrorists from the Big Caucasus Range.
It is noteworthy that until 2012, until the appointment of the Minister of Defense of Sergey Shoigu in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation there was only one special purpose regiment - the 45th SPEPP of the Airborne Forces, however, formally (despite the name) that did not enter into the structure of parts and units of the GRU special forces. And the 25th regiment deployed in Stavropol became unique military part. According to some reports, his returns at the stage of formation were "sliced" areas of responsibility in the mountains. With the task of guarding the Olympics, the regiment coped to "excellent", however, like other attracted parts and units of the SPN.
Since 2013, special forces, returning under the wing of the Gru, began, as the servicemen themselves joke, "burglary". Literally in two years, the National SPN battalions appeared as part of the 4th and 7th military bases. It is noteworthy that these divisions are completed mainly at the expense of the inhabitants of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, although, according to the Ministry of Defense of Russia, only those who have passports of citizens of the Russian Federation.
In the intelligence battalions of several brigades, in particular the 34th motorized rifle (mining), special purpose companies appeared. After an unsuccessful experiment, from the 100th intelligence brigade, the SPN squad returned to the 10th rounds, and in its place a reconnaissance battalion with two Rotami SPN was formed. By the same state, until recently, there was a 33rd reconnaissance brigade (mining). True, this military unit once again reformed, but already in the usual motorized rifle brigade.
It should be noted that as part of each general-official, landing assault brigade (regiment) there is a number of snipers, which is also formally a special purpose division. At the same time, in North Caucasian 8, 18, 19th motorized rifle brigades, in addition to sniper mouth and SPN battalions, there are also groups of snipers - as they say in Skvo, Motostello-Special Forces Brigades.
Despite the return of parts and units of the SPN in the structure of the main intelligence department, a paradoxical situation arose with their subordination. For example, the SPN brigades are subject to GRU, and various battalions and companies are simultaneously commanders of the brigades, heads of intelligence of the army and the district, and in some cases the head of the headquarters and the commander district personally. At the same time, GRU is responsible for their preparation, as well as under certain conditions and for combat use.
That neither warrior, then Rambo
In fact, in two years in the Armed Forces of Russia, a kind of specialization was held when SPN units appeared even in motorized rifle and tank brigades. It is clear that the need not only in prepared intelligence, but also in relations, special specialists, etc. increased repeatedly. We must not forget about snipers that must end special courses, until recently spent only in the suburbs.
One of the attempts to solve the problem of training of specialists was to expand the possibilities of specialized training centers for training military servicemen and SPN fighters in each district. For example, in the North Caucasus District, the Daryal Center specializes in mining preparation, and a similar military unit in the CVO - on the actions in winter conditions, in particular in a wooded and hilly terrain.
But as officers are recognized by the special forces, the main problem is the small share of servicemen under the contract, especially in newly formed sniper rotators, as well as rotations and battalions of AGN. Often, two or three contracts fall for several dozen recruits. Not much better with the frames and in the teams of SPN, although there are commanders from the beginning of creating a new look at maximum efforts to preserve the backbone of the established military teams.
It is worth noting: Despite the widespread opinion that all SPN brigades to the new appearance were contractual, the percentage of conscripts in parts of the SPN was large enough. The high proportion of professionals could only boast the North Caucasian 10 and the 22nd OBRSP. Although in August 2008, the 108th SPN Detachment of the 22nd Brigade was urgently surrendered to South Ossetia. It was necessary to strengthen the consolidated interlocks of contract servicemen from other parts of this ORDSPN.
Until recently, only one company was only one company from four mouths and individual platforms in SPN detachments, not counting individual servicemen, in particular the drivers of the BTR, telecommunications, miners, etc. All other units consisted of conscripts. It is clear that to perform the combat missions of the conscripts, they tried not to attract, therefore, for the task of the brigade, they could hardly set one detachment of SPN from three mouths of special purpose, the company of special equipment and individual platforms.
True, to date, it is decided to "not smear the subtle layer" servicemen under the contract throughout the brigade (battalion), and to form the so-called contract detachment or company.
One of the most sharp problems is to prepare special forces-sniper. Even in the rotation of the Snipers of the Communist Party Brigades, there are several Austrian rifles Steir-Manliker SSG-04 on staff. Prepare several months on courses in the suburbs, where they not only master the rustle, but also pass tactical training, topography, disguise, etc.
So far, only officers and servicemen are sent to the courses, since the conscript at the end of the courses is likely to be fired to the reserve. Classes are quite complex, demand from candidates not only physical endurance, but also a high level of intelligence. Alas, it is not always possible to choose such a contingent. Often, servicemen are returned to their divisions expelled. It is noteworthy that snipers of one of the motorized rifle brigades received certificates about the end of the courses, but they were not entrusted with the results of training and expensive Austrian rifles.
Soldiers of non-traditional war
Not only the structure and composition of parts and units of SPN, but also tasks have undergone changes. Despite the fact that the documents regulating the combat use of special forces remain under the grinds "secretly" and even "completely secret", from open sources it is possible to know that one of the main tasks of parts and units of the SPN is the maintenance of the so-called special intelligence. We are talking Not only observing, but also on the conduct of ambushes, raids and searches in the deep rear of the enemy. Currently, work has been added to these challenges in local conflict zones.
If you contact the American FM 3-18 Special Forces Operations charter, adopted in May 2014, it can be found that the so-called special intelligence is not included in the "short list" of American "green beret", whose main task is as indicated in Chapter 3 Field Charter, maintenance of Unconmentional Warfare, literally non-traditional fighting. The second most important task is to prepare foreign specialists, and the third is contradicted actions.
The experience of counter-terrorism operations in the North Caucasus proved that the units of special forces it is time to move from special intelligence to work in much more wide spectrum. According to some information, in the new combat charter parts of the SPN there are new sections regulating the tasks set.
However, such expansion of functions does not always find an understanding not only among the Special Forces themselves, but also more importantly - in military administration authorities responsible for planning the combat use of parts and units of SPN, traditionally consider that their main task is to conduct intelligence, as well as headquarters , mobile control and team membership.
Although the joining of Crimea to Russia last year once again proved that special forces are not only intelligence in the enemy's rear, but also a tool for solving complex military-political tasks. The special forces did not take place in order to conduct intelligence, and the military units were blocked, acted against hostile elements, organized the forces of local self-defense - actually they conducted the most unconventional warfare, prescribed in American charters. But, despite the tasks extended in new Russian documents, the program of combat training in most parts and units of SPN is still sharpened mainly under the conduct of intelligence.
It is worth noting that in the US Army "Green Berets" are reduced to the special purpose groups, enshrined at certain regions globe. In particular, the 1st group of forces APN operating in Fort Lewis works in the Pacific region, the 10th is focused on Europe, Balkans, etc.
Depending on the military specialty, the training of the American special forces is occupied by one year (engineer, specialist in heavy armor) up to two years (Medic). The structure is not only groups, but also the entire command of special operations is optimized by UNCONVENIONAL WARFARE.
The question is whether such specialization is appropriate in Russian army? What non-traditional martialctions Can conduct a special purpose of special purpose in the composition of the exhaust, which actually performs the task of previously existing intelligence-landing mouth, or a sniper company of a general-official or even an arranged assault brigade, besides, equipped mainly by military personnel on the call?
It must be confessed that the overwhelming majority of the newly formed parts and SPN units are rather not special forces, but a certain body of military reconnaissance with increased possibilities. But the success of the "polite people" in Crimea led the leadership of the Ministry of Defense to the paradoxical conclusion: instead of structuring the chaotic mass of various mouths, battalions, regiments and team of special forces and clearly distribute problems and zones of responsibility, specialsization continues.
True, judging by the latest decisions of the military department, in particular the re-formation of the 45th intelligence shelf of the Airborne Forces into a separate intelligence brigade, as well as amending the organizational and staff structures of parts and units of the SPN, most likely, the amount still begins to move into quality.
Return the status
In less than six years of abbreviations and reproduction of the part and the SPN division, there were even the composition of the general-known brigades. True, special compassation has yet created a large number of Difficulties: There is no well-established structure, there are no trained professionals.
« Special Forces does not happen much. This is a piece tool for complex work."This phrase can generalize the opinion of many servicemen about what is happening now in parts and units of special forces.
And nevertheless, it is impossible to deny that over several years in the Armed Forces of Russia, despite all the difficulties, there were excellently prepared, capable of solving even such complex tasks as non-traditional fighting, units of special purpose, which have proven events in the Crimea. It suggests the conclusion: the special forces should be elite. And it can not be a lot to be a lot. So the military reconnaissance will remain intelligent, without any "special". Her authority does not insign.
