City competition research work "I am a researcher"
Section: history
Job title:
« Military equipment USSR in the period of the Second World War »
Konovalov Bulat Nazimovich
g.O. Tolyatti
MBU "School No. 66"
Grade 3.
Scientific adviser:
Pavlova Svetlana Valerievna
primary school teacher
MBU "School No. 66"
togliatti
2016
Content
Conduct survey.
Presentation of military equipment
Introduction
Main content.
Output
List of sources used and literature
1. Introduction
For the study, we chose the topic "Military Technique of the USSR in the period
Warm, material represents informational value for students who are interested in history and technician. In our work, information about the military equipment of the USSR of the Warmer period is collected and described. The value of this work is that our time pays special attention to the patriotic education of children and adults.
I often attend the park complex of the history of technology. K.G. Sakharov. The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating the Technical Museum of AvtoVAZ OJSC, belongs to Vice-President AvtoVAZ - Konstantin Grigorievich Sakharov. The Technical Museum of AvtoVAZ OJSC was opened on September 7, 2001. On an area of \u200b\u200b38 hectares, more than 450 exhibits of technology are placed: aviation, space, engineering, railway, automotive, armored, etc.
Technical Museum. Sakharov is one of the attractions of our city, he is huge and interesting. It contains a unique collection of military equipment and not only ...
When their relatives come to us, we ask him to visit him and I become a guide for them. Some exhibits are affected by their sizes ...
Problem: I visited the Technical Museum of Vase (Sakharov) and I had a question - "What do students know elementary school On military equipment of the period?
Purpose: To get acquainted with the history of the creation and technical characteristics of the military equipment of the Great Patriotic War.
Object of study: military equipment of the period.
Hypothesis: Suppose that most of classmates do not have enough knowledge of military equipment of the Second World War.
Tasks:
1. Will a survey among students 3 "g" MBU "School No. 66" - "Do they know which technician used the Red Army during the War?".
2.U What types of military equipment used the Red Army during the Second World War.
3. Support the history of the creation of military equipment and her specifications.
Research methods:
1. Observation
2. Study of special literature.
3. Survey of students
4. Collection, generalization and systematization of material on this topic.
Stages of work:
Preparatory stage.
Conducting a survey of students 3 "g" class.
Presentation of military equipment on an extracurricular lesson.
Summarizing.
2. Basic content.
At the preparatory stage of the project, we defined the goal, chose the subject of the study, set the tasks, developed an action plan and thought out the form of representation of the results. I found out how to spend the survey correctly, I learned who was such a whole (the person with whom the survey). Questions have been developed for oral poll.
2.1. Conduct survey.
We spentpupils survey 3 g class and obtained the following results:
visited the Technical Museum Vase - 14 students;
they know what technique was used in the Great Pattern period and may be called it - 4 student;
know the history of creating and specifications - 0 students.
On the histogram we see that in reality the guys has a slight idea of \u200b\u200bthe technique of the Second World War.
2.2 Presentation of military equipment
Since we have no lesson of history, I decided to submit a generalized material on a mug "I am a citizen of Russia."
In the early 1930s, trends and prospects for development, more advanced weapons, new types were clearly manifested. artillery guns, tanks, aviation, transport, etc.
The military scientific thought took into account these trends, the role and place of new types of military equipment and weapons in the future war, as well as the state and direction of army development of armies, probable opponents Red Army.
During the world, the Red Army applied the followingtypes of technology :
artillery technique
aviation technique
armored
Artillery technique .
BM-13 (Katyusha)
There are several versions of the origin of the name of the artillery installation. One of them: the installation was named after the girl's guerriana, which destroyed a lot of fascists.
BM-31-12 (Vanyusha)
In June 1944, a new admission was admitted launcher BM-31-12 for M-13 on the chassis of the studekera or ZIS-6.
The launcher has lifting and swivel mechanisms, with which sufficient accuracy and targeting speed are ensured.
Modification of guards reactive mortars like "Katyusha". For firing, M-31 projectiles were used, which were more powerful than the M-13 projectile. By analogy with "Katyusha" received the nickname "Vanyusha".
Aviation technique
Stormware IL-2
The first serial IL-2 was manufactured in February 1941 in Voronezh at factory No. 18.
The beginning of operation 1941.
End of operation 1954 (Yugoslavia and Bulgaria).
Produced 36,183 units.
T.explicit characteristics are presented on the slide.
Heavy Soviet bomber TB-3.
Tupolev begins work on the project in 1926. TB-1 was taken as the basis, the experimental model with a ski chassis was tested on December 22, 1930 by Mikhail Gromov. On February 20, 1931, the USSR Air Force launched an aircraft with M-17 engines to mass production. Total built 818 copies.
T.explicit characteristics are presented on the slide.
Armored machinery .
Tank KV-1 (Klim Voroshilov)
December 31, 1940 in Chelyabinsk tractor factory Collected the first kV (classification - heavy tank).
Mass production It began in February 1940 at the Kirov factory.
The name of the tank was given in honor of the Soviet military leadership of Efremovich Voroshilov.
T.explicit characteristics are presented on the slide.
Feat Tankist Calabanova .
In 30 minutes of battle, Kolobanova crew got off all 22 tanks in the column. Of the double amplification, 98 armor-piercing shots were spent. After the fight on the KV-1, Zinovia Kolobanova counted more than a hundred hitting.
Immediately after this tank battle, ending with the full victory of Soviet weapons, a note about the feat of Tankist Kolobanova appeared in the Red Star newspaper.
And in the archives of the Ministry of Defense, a unique document is presented - the award leaf of Zinovia Kolobanova.
Award sheet is presented at the slide.
Tank T-34
Soviet middle tank Period of Great Patriotic War, Developed by the design bureau of the Tank Department of the Kharkov Plant No. 183 under the leadership of Mikhail Ilyich Koshkina.
T.explicit characteristics are presented on the slide.
The first T-34 began to flow into the troops at the end of the autumn of 1940.
By June 22, 1941, 1066 T-34 tanks were issued.
Since the fall of 1941, the T-34 began to make a serious problem for German troops.
After the battle for Moscow, T-34 becomes the main RKKA tank, since 1942 they are produced more than all other tanks combined.
1943 became the year of the most mass production and use of T-34 tanks.
The largest battle of this period was the Kursk battle, the basis of which was T-34.
Bockovsky Vladimir Alexandrovich became the most successful tanker T-34, on his account 36 destroyed by German tanks.
Below are preserved instances.
Some of the preserved machines are memorials of the heroes of war, others by the exhibits of historical exhibitions.
For example, the last T-34 released by Uralvagonzavod, at the request of the workers in 1945 was installed before the factor. After 36 years - in 1981 - he moved to a new pedestal and since then annually participates in parades on Victory Day.
In the city of Salavat, the Eternal Memorial is a rare copy of the Sample T-34 of the 1941 sample with a gun F-34. This tank was destroyed in cruel battle in the marshes of the Kaluga region in 1942, but was restored from individual parts.
Hundreds of these tanks, ascended by the pedestal, stand throughout the country and half of Europe as a monument to liberation. T-34 The best tank of World War II, a masterpiece of world tank construction, for many decades ahead determined the general path of its development.
3. Conclusion
Work on the project aroused great interest not only on my part, but also from classmates, peers and even parents.
During the theoretical research, I replenished my knowledge, this question was so joined me that I plan to continue this work. First, because Not all students were in the Technical Museum of Vase We are planning to spend a tour of May 9 to the whole class. During the excursion, we will make a photo report, we find exhibits that they did not say, but we want to know.
We found:
war Military Machinery - a decent topic to study the valiant history of our country;
the Military Machinery of the USSR Girls was a highly qualified means of struggle against the fascist invaders.
He learned:
to interview;
collect, summarize and systematize the material;
make a presentation;
demonstrate the result.
4. List of sources used and literature
Military encyclopedia. M., 1997.
Children's encyclopedia of military business. The Great Patriotic War. Ed. AST, 2014.
Internet sources:
ru. wikipedia.. Org.
1 Slide
2 Slide
Fear and panic among enemies caused our military equipment. On Earth fear was imposed by the legendary T-34 (and later both T-34-85), which were not equal on the battlefield. In the Kursk battle - Katyusha ran out fascist connections that were ready to rush to attack. And in the air of the fascist vultures, our IL-2 was tagged, which the fascists called the "black death". This technique brought us victory in the bloody war.
3 Slide
The steam locomotive series of EU medium power is designed to serve passenger and cargo composition. The locomotives of this series were distinguished by capacity and reliability, the ability to work on any form of fuel. This locomotive was destined to become the main front road locomotive. Weight 85t
4 Slide
Weapons are relatively simple consisting of guide rails and their guidance devices. For the tip, swivel and lifting mechanisms and an artillery sight were provided. In the back of the car there were two jacks, providing more stability when shooting. The rocket was a welded cylinder, divided by three compartments - combat part, fuel and reactive nozzle. One machine accommodated from 14 to 48 guides. The RS-132 projectile for the installation of BM-13 was 1.8 m long, 132 mm in diameter and weighed 42.5 kg.
5 Slide
On the eve of the war, rifle troops were equipped with automatic weapons. Designers V.A.Degtyarev, F.V.Tokarev, S.G.Simonov, G.S.shpagin and others in the pre-war years different kinds automatic weapons: self-loading rifles (SVT), manual and anti-aircraft guns, machine gun (PPD and PPS). By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the fire power of the rifle battalion amounted to about 15980 shots per minute. It greatly increased the firewalls of rifle troops.
6 Slide
In the early 1930s, Soviet gunsmith designers have developed a potentially new individual automatic melee weapon, which combined the fighting qualities of the gun (low weight, portability) and machine gun (high firing power). Experienced machinery samples were made, the best of which was recognized by the Degtyarev machine gun (PPD).
7 Slide
The 152-mm sample gun of 1935 was designed by a group of engineers led by I.Ivanov. She successfully withstood field trials in 1936 and was adopted. This is a long-range gun, able to send a projectile for almost 26 km, was used in the artillery units of the Main Command.
8 Slide
In 1938, a group of designers led by F.F.Petrovon created a 122-mm Gaubitsa, which was, on its own device, one of the most simple domestic artillery systems. The Gaubice has proven itself in the course of the Great Patriotic War. She successfully suppressed and destroyed the lively strength and firing agents of the enemy in both open areas and in shelters, destroyed the facilities of a field type and led the fight against artillery and even tanks.
9 Slide
During the Second World War, 25-mm automatic anti-aircraft gun widespread parts of the Red Army to combat aircraft on the range up to 2400 m and at altitudes up to 2000 m. If necessary, it was possible to shoot it light tanks and armored vehicles.
10 Slide
The Soviet 57-mm anti-tank gun ZIS-2 was successfully used during the Great Patriotic War to fight tanks and opponent's armored vehicles. In its characteristics, she did not have equal among small-caliber anti-tank artillery: At the initial speed of 700 m / s, its projectile for a range of 500 m pierced the armor with a thickness of 100 mm.
11 Slide
In 1942, in the Soviet Union, we developed a new 200 mm caliber m-30 reactive, designed to destroy the opponent's strengthening in the front-line strip. A rocket engine from the I-13 projectile was attached to a powerful super-guard warhead. The aerodynamic qualities of M-30 were unsatisfactory, which had a negative impact on the range and shooting accuracy, but they were largely compensated by a significantly greater destructive power of a new projectile. The launch of M-30 was made from the usual transport wooden capping. Four or eight such boxes were placed on a metal frame having removable racks in the front for adjusting the angle of exaltation and coulters to stop in the rear. M-30 launcher
12 Slide
The first Soviet 82-mm MINOMET was developed in 1934 and two years later was adopted under the designation "82-mm battalion mortar ORP. 1936. " He was a smooth pipe with a dongy, based on a massive slab. A shock absorber, lifting and swivel mechanisms and an eye on the twin-tone. Operated mine for the production of a shot descended into the barrel of mortar and under the influence of its own weight, a caps was gaped on a cross-piece part. The flammable of the charge of mines threw it from the trunk. To increase the range of firing between the wings of the plumage of mines, additional charges were invested.
13 Slide
For partial replacement of Division Gaubitz in 1940, GAU announced a competition for the creation of a cheaper 160-mm mortar designed to destroy the opponent's strengthening on a small shooting range. A year later, there were two prototypes of a mortar developed by the design bureau I.G. Tevelovsky and B.I. Sharine. According to the results, the preference was given to the Tevelovsky system, after the corresponding improvements of the adopted under the designation "160 mm, the ORP mortar. 1943. "
14 Slide
At the end of 1942, Soviet troops switched to offensive operations and to support compounds needed a fairly maneuverable 152-mm corpus hat with a relatively low weight. Its development was assigned to the Design Bureau under the guidance of F.F. Petrova. They took the trunk from 152-mm Gaubita arr. 1938 (M-10), and put it on the yoke of 122-mm Division Gaubitis M-30. Thus, in just 18 days after the start of the work, the new instrument under the designation D-1 successfully passed the polygon, and then military Testing. It was pretty easy for its class, and the support mechanism allowed towing it at a speed of up to 40 km / h.
15 Slide
The development of 50-mm fleeting mortar was launched in the KB of Plant No. 7 in early 1937. During the year, several prototypes of mortars were tested. Adjusting the 50-mm turning mortar of the arr. 1938 was adopted in 1938. Serial production has begun in 1939. For the year produced 1720 mortars. At the I-III quarters of 1940, the eleven factories were given a plan for 23105 50-mm condable mortars. 1938, by August 1, 1940, a 18994 mortar was manufactured at a price of 3600 rubles. a piece.
16 Slide
Mortar is assembled according to a deaf scheme (all parts of the mortar are mounted on the support plate) and is equipped with a remote tap with gases. Mortar plate stamped membrane type. Three coulters were attached to the plate. The mortar boat consisted of two parts: the bottom, connecting with the splay of the support plate and rotating around the spiem, and the top, swinging around the hinge compound with the bottom of the boiler.
17 Slide
The barrel of 280-mm Mortira BR-5 was designed at the Barricade Plant under the leadership of Ivanov. Although Mortira BR-5 was not debugged, the Barricade plant launched it into gross production. In total, in 1939, 20 Mortira was commissioned and 25 more - in 1940. In 1941, no 280-mm morrti was handed over. After the start of the Great Patriotic War, Mortira BR-5 was not made.
18 Slide
76.2-mm regimental gun arr. 1927. It was widely used during military conflicts for the CERT, Lake Hasan and the Khalkhin-goal river, as well as in the first period of the Great Patriotic War. However for offensive operations The infantry of the Red Army was required to a lighter tool with an increased horizontal shelling sector to combat rolling targets. The project of a new regimental gun was developed at the factory in Motovilich engineers under the leadership of M. Tsirubalov. They have already used a multiplely tested method, imposing the barrel of the old "colonel" to the yoke of a 45-mm anti-tank gun. 1942 Thus, the angle of horizontal guns of the gun managed to increase to 60 ° through the use of sliding mills.
19 Slide
During the Great Patriotic War, a 37-mm sample gun of 1939 was the main anti-aircraft gun of the Red Army to protect ground troops from attacks of low-fat enemy aircraft. Anti-aircraft guns, depending on the situation, were also used in battles with enemy armored machinery. The 37-mm anti-aircraft gun with the 31-K factory index was developed in 1938 at the factory. Kalinina under the guidance of the main designer M.N. Loginov. An experimental sample of the automaton entered the tests in October of the same year and showed pretty good results.
Valentina Khakimova
SUMMARY OF CLASSING "MILITARY MECHANICAL"
Abstract classes« Military equipment»
for senior preschool age
purpose: Expand the presentation of children about military equipment of the Russian army.
Tasks:
Get acquainted with different types military equipment.
Relieve a sense of patriotism, the desire to defend their homeland.
To acquaint with different kinds of troops (Infantry, Sea, Air).
Preliminary work: Excursion to the Museum of Combat Glory.
Materials: Song recording about soviet army, Pictures S. military equipment.
Educator: What is happening in this song?
Children: Answers children
Educator: What do you think will be our occupation?
Children: Answers children
Educator: Guess puzzles:
1. Name Maiden wore
And the enemy fire mowed
Enemy plans of the temper,
Legendary (Katyusha)
Children: Answers children
2. crash to the turtle
Steel shirt
The enemy is in the ravine,
And she, where the enemy.
(tank)
Children: Answers children
Children: Answers children
3. Seafarer you can become
So that the border is guarded,
And not serve on earth
A. military ...
(ship)
Children: Answers children
4. Boldly in the sky saves,
I overtook the birds flight.
Man rules them
What?.
(plane)
Children: Answers children
5. Without acceleration at ROOK,
Dragonfly remind.
Departed in flight
Our Russian ...
(helicopter)
Children: Answers children
6. For water Iron Whale,
During the day and night, Kit is not sleeping.
Day and night on water,
Guards our peace.
(Submarine)
Children: Answers children
Educator: Well done guys, you guess all the riddles!
And as you can call: Tank, helicopter, plane, ship, submarine, Katyusha?
Children: Answers children
Educator: Right! All this military equipment.
And why is it needed in our peacetime?
Children: Answers children
Educator: Do you want to become defenders of the Fatherland?
Children: Answers children
Educator: What should be the defenders of the Fatherland?
Children: Answers children
Educator: In one word heroes!
Let me turn into the heroes!
Phys. Minute:
We are now warriors,
Hands up we raise,
For the stamping we step.
Bogatyrs
Looks left, looks to the right,
Not in the seas not in heaven,
The enemy will not miss.
We walk together in the leg,
Let the enemy goes from the road!
Educator: Now I will tell you about different types of troops.
Infantry - the main body of the troops in ground forces, armed Forcesah states. The infantry is designed to conduct hostilities within walking order (on their own legs, is the most ancient and massive native of troops.
Naval(Abbreviated Navy, in a number of states - navy) - The view of the armed forces of many countries, intended, first of all, to solve problems on the ocean and marine territories.
Air Force(fleet) (Air Force, WFF) - type of armed forces (Sun) The states in the functions of which include the fight against the enemy, located in space, airspace, on Earth, on the surface of the sea and under water, as well as transportation of the landing, delivery of property and weapons, air reconnaissance, exploration of weather with aircraft
Educator: Now you know what kinds of armed forces are. And now I suggest you play the game. You need to correlate the bodies of the troops overlook military equipment.
Outcome classes: Educator: You liked our occupation?
Children: Answers children
Educator: What did you like most?
Children: Answers children
Educator: What new and interesting did you know?
Children: Answers children
What are the budget money, spending on the article defense costs can be seen looking at the changes in the Russian army in last years. Newest species Arms have already begun to enter a variety of divisions of the Russian army. On February 23, we have prepared an overview of the most efficient military Russian appliances.
1. "Typhoon"
The first batch of Typhoon's super-defense trucks entered the Tests in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in 2014. Each machine uses combined armor From ceramic plates. Without serious damage and death of the personnel, Typhoon withstands the explosion to 8 kg of trotyl under the wheel or the bottom. In the machines also installed the information and control system GALS-D1M.
2. "Defender" Su-34
The first SU-34 entered in 2014 in the amount of 16 units. By their classification, the aircraft is a fighter-bomber. According to NATO classification, it goes like FullBack and refer to 4+ generation of aircraft. Created was based on Su-27. The plane can strike under ground and surface targets. It can also carry nuclear weapons.
3. "Monomakh"
In December 2014, the new atomic underwater cruiser "Vladimir Monomakh" was adopted and adopted by the Navy of the Russian Federation. To date, this is one of the best submarines in the world. Armed with a new complex intercontinental rocket "Mace".
4. "White Swan"
Two years ago, the supply of updated strategic bombers Tu-160m began in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. For the most part, engineers worked on improving the flight qualities of the car, there was in particular the newest pilot navigation complex. The plane can develop speed up to 2000 km / h. No refueling overcomes ¼ of the earth equator.
5. "Bakhcha"
BMD-4M "Bakhcha" completed military tests and began to enter weapons. This is a new maneuverable, aerobile, floating, having a high firing power machine intended for use by the landing. The first party in the amount of 64 cars was delivered in 2015.
6. S-400 "Triumph"
To date, the S-400 "Triumph" is only 7 units in the troops, but in the future this machine will become a new standard for air defense. The S-400 Station "Triumph" can lead simultaneous fire for 36 goals with a guidance to 72 missiles on them.
7. Tornado
Jet systems volley fire RSZO "Tornado-G" of the newest sample began to replenish the Russian army in early 2014. Tornado is a modification of the RSZO "Grad", has an increased rate of firing and greater efficient range. Installation can affect objects at a distance of up to 40 km.
8. MiG-31bm
Upgraded MiG-31BM interceptor fighters began to enter the army in 2014. Airplanes during the modernization received latest System Control. The range of detection of goals up to 320 km and the range of lesion up to 280 km has been increased. The interceptor may affect up to 6 goals and "fill" to 10.
9. "Yar"
Baby, especially boys, usually interested in military equipment. Pictures for children depicting its main varieties are always very popular. Using these pictures, you can help children learn the names of different types of military vehicles and learn their key features.
Especially relevant depicting military machines pictures for kindergarten.
In the group with their help, you can spend a thematic occupation, timing his ko, Victory Day or another suitable case. Everything that will need in this case is to print pictures by the number of children and prepare a small explanation of each form of equipment:
The anti-aircraft missile complex - helps to fight with air and space troops. May be different types.
Military ship - on it during the war transported shells and fuel. Ships that transport soldiers are called landing.
Aircraft carrier. This is a warship transporting fighter aircraft.
Military helicopter - transports soldiers and cargo.
Armored personnel carrier - intended for transportation of the military; If necessary, can shoot from onboard guns.
Armor - Performs the same tasks that the armored personnel carrier.
The combat infantry machine is another means of transportation soldiers.
Atomic submarine - the main weapon of the sea fleet.
Tank. The main threat to all ground troops.
Strategic rocket Installation (rocket launcher). Designed for transportation and start missiles.
Self-propelled gun is the main assistant of tanks and infantry in battle.
The fighter is an aircraft that destroys the enemy in the air.
Even a superficial acquaintance with different types of military equipment will help expand the horizons of the children and wake up the desire to learn more about military science. So depicting military machines pictures for children of different ages Will be very helpful.
Military equipment drawings for children
Children may need not only pictures, but also drawings for drawing. We bring to your attention a drawing with a tank, a fun soldier and the Russian flag.
Military vehicles and equipment (video):
