Petard has such many tary supporters as and hot opponents. Petardes came to us from China, where they are burned in huge quantities, in order to drive out "evil spirits" with a loud crack. In Russia, safe firefights with successes replace the crave for young people to various "self-inhales".
Petardes are paper sleeves, inside of which pyrotechnic composition is piled. With ignition, the composition is very quickly burning and bursts paper shell with loud cotton.
Petardes are two species:
the gravy firefields are set on fire as ordinary matches, it is only necessary to clarify the header head about the namazka of the matchbox (sometimes the namage is applied to the box with firefights), the wicking of the penny - the wick is set on fire or smoldering cigarette.
The wick petardes are also produced in the form of a ligament - in the bundles of the penal, they burn with each other, creating a loud continuous cracking: P1020 "Bunch 16", P1072 "Bunch 30".
Fireworks P1040 "Hardening Snake" is made in the form of a long ribbon with a wick. The tape must be blocked to reliably hang on the tree, fence or decompose on the ground. The "Hardening Snake" burns for a long time, cracks loudly, scatters bright sparks.
The more Petard, as a rule, it slams louder. The maximum volume of the Petard should not exceed 140DB, it is comparable to the sound from the rifle shot and is achieved only by the largest pheetards.
The most popular PETARDS - PETARDS FROM THE R1101 Series, P1106 "Corsair 1": "Dead Man's Chest", "Ben Gan", "Billy Bon". These firefights are inexpensive, quite spectacular and differ, mostly, the amount of petard in the package.
PETARDS series P1202 "Corsair 2", P1300 "Corsair 3" etc. Already more in size, and there are more expensive. Petardes wear different names, but most buyers in the soul only frightening names like "shock wave", "Kiss of death", etc. The largest petardes are the rally of the "anarchist" and the P1091 "Superbomb". These petardes are ignited only through the wick.
Many petardes create combined effects: rotate, whistling, throw out sparks and flames, create a two-time gap. These include P1121 "Term Death 1", "Dead Head", R1500 "Kiss of Death", etc. All effects of effects, precautions and application instructions are printed on Petard packaging. Do not forget to read these texts in advance.
Less noisy than Petarda, but very original slappers P1010 "Hardening pea", p1030 "clapping balls".
P1010 "Hardening pea" rather sharply throw over the tail on a solid surface and a cotton will be heard like a piston.
P1030 "Clasp balls" is plastic balls with phytyl sticking out of them. When combustion, the wick balls split into two parts and scatter bright sparkling sparks.
In the premises you can use clappers " Funny company"And" Flower of Happiness. "
The wick clap "Cheerful company" can approach the table, it is desirable to install it on a wide saucer, and fits confetti and souvenirs.
Clapper "Flower of Happiness" for Fans of Surprises.
She slaps and in your hand suddenly fluttered flower.
Despite the frightening names, the firefight is enough, if you follow the elementary rules:
- Never delay the burning petard in your hands!
- Do not throw the last minute petardes in people,
and - Do not place the Petardo in a closed volume - the jar, bucket, bottle! Use Petardes only outdoors!
- Do not close to the burning Petard closer than 5-10 m!
- Petardes should be worn only in the package!
- Do not wear Petardes in your pockets!
- Do not let the petarda children!
Next time I'll immediately talk about the launch of the Rocket.
Types of pyrotechnics
Pyrotechnic means available to everyone today is a great set, but they are all divided into two large groups: Petardes and fireworks. Fireworks include rockets, salute batteries, Roman candles, fountains.
Types of Petard
The Word itself happened from French Gupeter, which means "breaking with a crash" .. The design is simple: the paper sleeve is filled with pyrotechnic composition, which instantly flammifies and burns. This is accompanied by an outbreak and loud crucible (cotton).
Trying and Wick Petardes
Separate 2 main types of Petard: They are gravily and wick. In the first case, the petardes are mounted with friction: one of the ends of the petard, covered with a special composition based on phosphorus, you need to cry on the side of the matchbox or other surface. For the same, so as not to light the wicking of the fire, you need to set fire to the span-special fireproof.
Effects of Petard
The simplest effect of the explosion of the Petard is a loud cotton. More complex pyrotechnic remedies explode with double, triple cotton, crucible, buzzing or whistle.
Petard varieties great many. The most common - marking-bombs, whose sleeves are filled with a mixture of powder magnesium and potassium perchlorate. The effect is a loud explosion. Combinational firefights are more spectacles. Here, various effects are joined to the usual explosion: rotation and whistle, the release of multi-colored sparks, active smoke emissions, multiple breaks.
Bundles Petard
Not less joy of viewers of the show will deliver the bundle of Petard. It would seem that nothing is difficult - to connect several bombing together with the help of a fireproof cord, but the effect, especially if the bunch is connected by the firefights of different types, exceeds all expectations.
Flying Petardes
Private species Petard - flying. They are also called flying fireworks. These pyrotechnic products are equipped with special wings. Top, such fireworks are loudly buzzing or exploded, scattering hundreds of multicolor sparks around them.
Safety technique
Petardo should be thrown into 2 meters. It is not recommended to throw pyrotechnics in people, animals, under cars, in the toilet. It is dangerous to blow up the pockets in his pockets, as well as near the hair.
Sale Petard
Most people have fireworks associated with the holiday. Indeed, both the deep evening sky, wearing the grooves of multi-colored fiery balls, and the stove of sparkling sparks, reflected in the orange sides of the New Year's Mandarins - all these attributes of joy, fun and good mood. For each solemn case, it may be provided for its special and corresponding firework event status. For its history, humanity came up with a large number of types of pyrotechnic products intended to create a colorful fiery show. Here is an incomplete list of fireworks that are most common and those who are honored by the audience.
one. . In essence, these are miniature Mortira guns, and their main task is to throw pyrotechnic elements into the air, which rising, burn with a bright flame (sometimes with spectacular sincerity).
2.. Also frozen morties large height (up to two hundred meters) Pyrotechnic balls, which, reaching the hanging points, break into the air with a significant sound effect and scatter burning elements.
3. Petardes. Basically, these are exclusively noise fireworks that break up with strong and sharp cotton (French "Peter" means "breaking with a crash").
4. Rocket - devices that are started with special stapels, taking off with a characteristic whistle and hissing, leaving a smoky loop.
5. - Speecually sealed to eight meters of bouquets of multi-colored sparks. This fiery extravagania may be accompanied by sound effects.
Clapper
Description
Are one of the most simple New Year's fireworks. The housing is made of paper or plastics in the form of an oblong item (cylinder, cone, and the like.). When jerked behind the lace, the pyrotechnic composition is ignited, and the combustion products are thrown out of the flap, it is usually paper confetti and serpentine.
Using
Clapper should be tightly kept with a cord down on an elongated hand at an angle of 30-45 degrees, and the other hand sharply stick for the lace.
The contents of flapper crashes at high speed, so we take care of the eyes, do not direct the flap towards people or animals, fragile items. It should not be used a flap near fire or hot items, as they can set fire to serpentine. Children can enjoy clappering only under the supervision of adults!
Petard
Description
Favorite pyrotechnics of joker, hooligans and airsoft players. The basic effect lies in loud cotton when the explosion. Petard is a paper sleeve with pyrotechnic composition. On one side of the sleeve shut up with a paper or clay plug. On the other hand, a wick or slowly burning incendiary mixture with a grinding head is supplied to the composition through the cap. In order to initiate the Petard in the wick petard ignite the protruding outward wick, and the grated is lit as a match - friction about a special surface. There are petardes with combined effects - in front of the cotton Petard can rotate, jump, scatter sparks, take off up.
Using:
Creamently read the head of the craftfolder on the matchbox (or burn it from another source of heat) and discard from ourselves for 5-6 meters. Put the wick petard on the ground or in the snow, set fire to the wick and quickly remove 5-6 meters.
Basic security rules:
Do not wear the pockets in your pockets and without packaging, do not disassemble the penal, in no case after the ignition, do not hold the petard in your hand. It is strictly forbidden to throw out the petardes in people, animals, throw in banks, buckets, bottles (enough powerful Petard will break the container into which you put it, while fragments flying at high speed. At least you risks to lose sight).
Bengal candle
Description
Often, the Bengal candle is called simply "Bengal Fire", and this is one of the most common and inexpensive fireworks. The candle is a metal rod or a wooden wand with a pyrotechnic applied on it. When burning, the candle scatters bright sparks. Some candles are equipped with a head that facilitates the candle.
Using
The Bengal candle is set forth and hold on an extended hand for an open part at an angle of 30-45 degrees.
The largest candles are not recommended to use in small rooms. Color Bengal Candles should be used only in the open air due to the presence of aggressive oxides in combustion products.
Roman candle
Description
Quite serious fireworks. It is a long cardboard tube. In the upper part of the tube placed wick. Inside the tube is filled with alternating layers from a slow-digging pyrotechnic composition, asteris (pyrotechnic balls that are responsible for the production of light effects at height) and powder. The candle burns from top to bottom and consistently shoots up the burning stars. The most popular candles are charged with a smaller amount of asterisk, but they produce interesting light and sound effects.
Using
The Roman candle is installed vertically, wick up and securely fix. To do this, the candle should be tightly tied to a peg, driven into the ground, either stick into a metal pipe, soil or tight snow at least 1/3 of the candle length. Fitil fill down and depart on a safe distance
Basic precautions
Roman candles are not recommended to keep in hand due to the possibility of the destruction of the shell, which can lead to burns.
Firework
Description
A small paper (rarely metallic) charged sleeve (trunk), which fresters a height of 15-50 m parachutes or burning stars. Salutes are often collected in batteries to several tens of trunks.
Using
Salute is installed only on a solid and smooth surface, fix the wick and depart on a safe distance.
Precautions
Battery salutes with a small number of trunks should be fixed to avoid tipping when shooting. For the same reason, it is not recommended to put such batteries on the ice.
Fountain or volcano
Description
Cardboard case filled with flammable substance. After the heel of phytile, the upper part emits the flow of bright sparks to a height of up to several meters. The spark eruption may be accompanied by a whistle, a crackle, the release of fiery balls. Fountains are burning from a few seconds to 2-3 minutes. Most fountains can be used only outdoors. For premises, special low-house desktop and concert fountains are produced.
Using
The fountain is fixed on Earth, ignite and depart on a safe distance.
Basic security rules
Do not use indoors. Remove the flammable items from the danger zone, dry grass, etc. Do not take a fountain in your hands (if he does not have a special handle) and do not try to rejuvenate the burning fountain.
The sun
Description
The spectacular fireworks, which rotates around the horizontal axis and scatters the spark, forming a bright light circle. On the device looks like a fountain.
Using
This type of fireworks is usually equipped with a nail, which has been done through the hole in the center of the Sun and is nailed to a vertical rack or a tree at an altitude of at least one and a half meters. When installing, make sure that the speed of the protruding parts can be slowed down in the absence of protruding parts. For greater ease of rotation between the sun and the rack, you can insert a plastic washer, which is suitable, for example, a plug from a plastic bottle.
Rocket
Description
Rockets demonstrate the most attractive fireworks - energetic start, bright sparky trace, loud cotton and colorful lights. The rocket consists of the engine, the head and stabilizer. At the end of the engine, the pyrotechnic composition is flammable in the head frequency and an explosion occurs. In small rockets, the engine and the head part are made in the form of a single paper sleeve. The stabilizer provides a rocket to preserve the vertical direction in flight. Rockets take off to a height of up to 100 m. Most often, the flight stabilizer is a wooden wand. The wand is still attached to the rocket housing and flies with it.
Rockets with a stabilizer in the form of tail plumage are usually started from the starting sites attached to the rocket. Such rockets are more expensive as rockets with a stick, but they have the appearance of the real rocket itself.
Using
To start a rocket with a stick-stabilizer, it should be inserted as vertically in a suitable bottle with a narrow neck or in a paper cut or metal pipe For a length of at least 1/3 of the length of the stick. Do not stick a stick in the ground. Rocket thrust may not be enough to take off.
Basic security rules
The length and weight of the sticks must correspond to the type of rocket, so you can not run rockets with a broken, twisted or homemade stabilizer. After breaking the rocket at the height, the stabilizer falls back to the ground. In large missiles, the stabilizer is heavy enough, so the launch of such rockets should be carried out at a significant (100-150 m) distance from the audience. Rockets should be launched from houses, trees, wires and power lines.
Flying fireworks
Description
Flying fireworks are spinning on Earth and take off up to 20 m high, scattering sparks. Fireworks can brightly shine different colors, clap, throw away parachute. Typically is a paper cylindrical housing with wings. Some fireworks do not have wings and rise up at the expense of an additional reactive engine.
Using
To launch flying fireworks, you need a smooth smooth platform with a size of 50x50 cm, for example a piece of cardboard.
Basic security measures
Do not start the fireworks in close buildings, wires, with strong wind.
High-rise firework-ball with launcher Mortira
Description
The most powerful and colorful salutes are made using high-rise fireworks. The ball is shot up from the launcher at a height of 50 to 300 meters. At the top point of the flight, the ball breaks down, creating a variety of effects.
Fireworks for starting mortar has a ball shape, less often cylinder. The housing of the balls is made of multilayer paper, cardboard or (for small calibers) from plastics. To the lower part of the ball attaches a misunderstood charge. The charge flammives with a wick or an electric shield and throws the ball from the launcher.
Inside the ball is a discontinuous charge that is surrounded by pyrotechnic elements. At the top of the flight point, the discontinuous charge is flammable and with power bursts the bowl of the bowl, filling on and scattering pyrotechnic elements in all sides.
Balls differ in calibrations, that is, sizes. Firework caliber is considered a launcher diameter from which you can run it. The caliber is indicated in millimeters or inches (1 mod \u003d 25.4 mm). The greater the firework caliber, the greater the height of its lift and the more colorful effect it produces. The safe use of this type of fireworks requires strict compliance with the instructions!
Use / Basic Security Rules
Spectators should not enter the danger zone during the fireworks. The diameter of the danger zone is always indicated on the package and is approximately equal to the firework caliber in millimeters. If the launch occurs when large quantities Spectators, on the border of the danger zone should be exhibited.
To charge the ball in the starting mortist should be on the elongated hands and in no case look into the barrel and not bend over the charged morrtira. Mortira should be directed away from the audience.
When re-charged, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the limit from the residues of the previous charge.
Carefully omit the ball into the morter and bring out the ignorable cord. The ball is lowered under the action of its own weight. When charging the mortar, it is strictly forbidden to hold the charge for the wick or wire for electroplating - this may damage the wanted charge or to the premature triggering of the electro-protein.
In the absence of a wick or during its length, less than 1 cm should be refused to start the ball. (from the length of the wick depends on the time between the alert and the shot of the Mortira)
The most frequent freelance situations
The breakout of the discontinuous charge at a low height. This can be caused by a defect design or a mortar application that does not correspond to the size of the fireworks. If the viewers are at a safe distance, no one will suffer.
Do not trigger the discontinuous charge. In this case, the unexploded ball falls on the ground from a high height. Again, the observance of a safe distance should prevent injury.
After the hodgepiece of the phytile, he went out or did not worked the wanted charge. In this case, you should not approach Mortira for 2 minutes, it is forbidden to look into the barrel. The external inspection should be verified in the absence from outside smoldering parts, after which it can be discharged on the elongated hands, tilting the trunk down to the side of the audience and cautiously unwinding the ball on the soft surface.
Where you can and where it is impossible to blow up fireworks, what kind of fine you threaten how to get into the hospital to do not get into the hospital, what to do if the fireworks did not explode, how to make a pyrotechnic show itself, which is impossible to do in any way and never - read in the article:
When writing, materials site www.ru-fire.ru
What are the types of fireworks and what do they differ? At all times, humanity gave fire very important.
This is not surprising, because the fire was originally the only means to warm up and cook food.
Later, the ways of using fire began to expand steadily: it was used as a means of communication, for rituals and priesthoods.
Of particular importance, the fire acquired with the emergence of beliefs and religions - it was lit in the altars, with the help of it, they denoted the most significant events, both festive and tragic, such as burials.
In many cultures, special substances, causing sparks or a special color of the flame, were added to the fire - precisely these elements and became a prototype of modern pyrotechnics.
Ancient Slavs lit the fire during pagan rituals, especially if they were devoted to Perun, God, throwing thunder, or the sun, who worshiped, and counted the fire with his gift to people.
Ancient Indians also used fire to decorate holidays, and even knew how to arrange a kind of modern Piroshou, - fire-light illuminations.
In 668, Calinik Heliopolsky invented the Greek Fire, which became a real breakthrough in the art of pyrotechnics.
Although it was originally used by no means for peaceful fun - "Greek fire" was widely used in military operations and was about four hundred years secret weapons Greeks.
Such a fire was divided into two subspecies: one in its properties resembled gunpowder and the hot kernels were thrown away with it; The second subspecies had increased flammability, which was used to ignite enemy soldiers, and in peacetime for fireworks.
The Chinese invented, perhaps, the simplest pyrotechnic device: the stems of a young bamboo threw into the fire where they exploded. Taoist monks, on the contrary, found a rather complicated pyrotechnic composition - a mixture of nitrate, charcoal and sulfur.
This mixture flashed with bright lights, glad and frightening at the same time. Next, this mixture was finite the previously mentioned stems of a young bamboo - and here from, the first real firework.
And in the XIV - XV centuries, the Italians brought the art of fireworks to the view that I sign. They learned to do real pyrotechnic shows with burning figures and bright illumination. It was they who made fireworks really spectacular.
Fireworks
Fireworks or Salute - a reliable way to make a holiday bright and unforgettable, and a variety of fireworks simply amazing imagination.
Correctly pick up the fireworks for the upcoming celebration - this is half success, and the salute, chosen unsuccessful, can, on the contrary, leave a rather unpleasant impression, and if you try to run, for example, a park firework in the room can lead to victims.
In order to help you avoid such misunderstandings, the main types of fireworks and features of their use will be described below.
Ground Fireworks
Ground fireworks ignites on Earth or in the very close proximity to it.
Ground fireworks can flash up the most diverse figures, such as inscriptions, waterfalls, hearts, snowflakes, stars, christmas trees, fountains, fountains, etc.
The indisputable advantage of terrestrial fireworks is that it can be carried out at a distance of only 7 - 10 meters from the audience, which allows you to fully enjoy a colorful spectacle.
Park Fairver
Park fireworks are also called mid-level fireworks. The height of the action of such fireworks is usually 50 - 80 meters.
Fireworks are created using Roman candle groups, brutal installations or salute batteries.
The fact that the park fireworks starts far from the greatest height, does not significantly reduce its entertainment, since the high frequency of firing and the brightness of the individual effects of fireworks with more than compensates for a small altitude.
Often, park fireworks are used in combination with ground and high-altitude salutes. Park Fireworks include bugs, festival balls, fiery tracks, salute batteries and roman candles with special effects.
High-rise fireworks
High-rise fireworks are shot at a height of three hundred meters, creating colorful multi-level compositions.
Such fireworks are high-rise rockets, chandeliers (exploding balls) and Lightkgeli (rockets with bright loops and unusual flight paths) of large calibers.
Combined Fireworks
Often, in order to make Piroshou completely unforgettable, all three types of pyrotechnics use.
Such fireworks are called combined and combine salute balls at the top level, the colorful effects of park salute and intricate figures of ground fireworks.
All these fireworks create in the amount of an incredibly bright and rich picture.
Stage Fireworks
Stage fireworks are used in cases where you need to arrange Piroshou indoors.
The height of such fireworks is from 20 centimeters to 5 meters and consists of low-voltage outbreaks and fountains.
For each stage firework, the selection of pyrotechnic products is performed individually, as it is necessary to take into account the conditions of ventilation in the room, the material of the flooring and walls, the height of the ceilings and much more.
In order to make the stage fireworks are still brighter, pyrotechnic and / or pneumatic clappers with serpentine and confetti are often used.
Stage Fireworks are relevant as large events (concerts, show programs) and for private events, such as a wedding or birthday.
Day at daytime
Fireworks and salutes caused joyful excitement and curiosity from the very moment they were invented.
Since then, a lot of time has passed, and the art of launching salutes and fireworks has increased repeatedly, modern pyrotechnics makes it possible to exercise the most bold ideas and fantasies.
There are fireworks for a wide variety of conditions - from small stage to large-scale altitude. A separate place in this classification is occupied by fireworks, specially created to run in the daytime.
The main emphasis in such fireworks is done on serpentine, confetti and color smoke, as most of the last minute makers are clearly visible at night. It would seem that not too much variety, but no - and with this small arsenal you can achieve impressive effects.
Serpentine and confetti can be the most various shapes And colors, and materials from which they do, help create the desired mood.
Smoke is a cluster in the air of microparticles in size from 1 to 100 microns. Smoke can get spraying substance or causing a chemical reaction.
Different color smoke acquires thanks to a variety (usually organic) dyes.
Red smoke is obtained from rhodamine, Paranitroaniline and auramin give smoke yellow, ultramarine and indigo cause smoke blue, and black is the result of burning hydrocarbons and metal chloride mixtures.
The brightest and impressive gets smoke of red, yellow or orange. This is explained by the peculiarity of the perception by the man of flowers from this particular spectrum, similar to the sunny.
