Weapons of mass lesion (OMP) - the weapon of a large afflicting ability, intended for making mass losses and destruction. TO existing species OMP includes nuclear, chemical, biological (bacteriological) weapons.
Nuclear -this is such a weapon affecting the effect of which is due to the energy that is distinguished by nuclear fission or synthesis reactions. This weapon includes various nuclear ammunition, control means and delivery to the target.
Agrowing nuclear explosion Depends on the power of ammunition, the type of explosion, the type of nuclear charge.
Nuclear explosions are the following types: ground, underground, underwater, air and high. The most characteristic are ground and air.
Ground nuclear explosion - An explosion produced on the surface of the Earth or at such a height when its luminous area concerns the surface of the Earth and has the shape of the hemisphere or a truncated sphere. With a terrestrial explosion in the ground, a funnel is formed, the diameter of which depends on the height, the power of the explosion and the type of soil.
Aircalled The nuclear explosion at which the luminous area does not concern the surface of the Earth and has the form of the sphere.
The striking factors of the nuclear explosion are:shock wave, light radiation, penetrating radiation and electromagnetic impulse.
Shock wave nuclear explosion, possessing a large reserve of energy, is able to defeat people, destroy various structures, combat technique And other objects at considerable distances from the explosion site.
The damage zone of the shock wave under the nuclear explosion has significantly big sizesthan when exploding an ordinary ammunition.
Under the nuclear explosion means electromagnetic radiation, including the ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectrum region. Its source is a luminous explosion area. Light radiation amazes people, affects buildings, structures, equipment and forests, causing fires.
Penetrating radiation The nuclear explosion is called the flow of gamma radiation and neutrons, emanating from the zone and clouds of the nuclear explosion. The sources of penetrating radiation are nuclear reactions flowing into the ammunition at the time of the explosion, and the radioactive decomposition decloss the separation (products) of the division in the explosion cloud.
Radioactive infection occurs as a result of sedimentation from the cloud of the explosion of radioactive dust containing uranium nuclei fission products (plutonium) and unreacted nuclear fuel. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe explosion, it is also formed when exposed to neutron soil emitted from the fiery ball (induced radioactivity).
The area is considered infected and requires to apply the means of protection if the level of radiation measured at a height of 0.7 - 1 m from the earth's surface is 0.5 rad / h or more.
Penetrating radiation is one of the main affixing factors of neutron ammunition, which is customary to call thermonuclear ammunition with supermal and low power, i.e. having a TNT equivalent to 10 thousand tons.
According to the affecting effect of penetrating radiation on people, the explosion of a neutron ammunition in 1 thousand tons is equivalent to an explosion of an atomic ammunition with a capacity of 10-12 thousand tons.
With nuclear explosions in the atmosphere, powerful electromagnetic fields arise with wavelengths from 1 to 1000 m or more. Due to the short-term existence of such fields, they are called electromagnetic impulse (AM).
Amusement AM due to the occurrence of electrical stresses and currents in wires and cables of air and underground lines, alarm, power transmission, in the radio station antennas.
Simultaneously with AM, radio waves arise that spread over long distances from the center of the explosion; They are perceived by radio equipment as interference.
Chemical weapon -its administrative action is based on the use of toxic properties of some chemical substances. Chemical weapons include combat poisoning substances (s) and their means of applying.
The territory subjected to direct influence of chemical weapons, and the territory on which the cloud of infected air in the affecting concentrations is applied, is called the zone of chemical infection.
According to the action of a person's human body, they are divided into neuro-paralytic, skin-disruptive, shaking, suffocating, psychochimical, tear and annoying.
Nervous-paralytic effects (Zarin, zoman , VX gases) The most dangerous. Resistance to them in summer more than a day, in winter a few weeks and even months. Signs of lesions are: saliva, the narrowing of pupils (MIOS), the difficulty of breathing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, paralysis.
Under the lesion of the skin-disruptive action ( iprit. , lounis) After 2-5 hours of the hidden period on the skin, redness appears, a small edema, it is also felt and burning. After 18-23 hours, bubbles are formed, which are then merged into large bubbles. Subsequently, non-healing ulcers are formed on the site of bubbles.
Oral sidelite hydrocyanic acid and hlorcian . In the lightning form of damage to blue acid, death can occur almost instantly. During a slow-first form, the smell of bitter almond is felt, the bitter metal taste in the mouth, then there is a decrease in sensitivity (numbness) of the oral mucosa, irritation of the throat, nausea, headache, dizziness, weakness, shortness of breath, seizures. There is an oppressed state, a sense of fear and loss of consciousness. Then the loss of sensitivity comes, a sharp disruption of breathing and its stop.
Sorting action (phosgene , dithosgen) Have a hidden period of action that continues 5-8 hours. In poisoning, these sisens appear the sinusiness of the skin and shortness of breath, cough, the edema of the lungs is developing. Then comes a complete respiratory disorder, the decline of cardiac activity and death in the first two days from the edema of the lungs.
PsychoChemical OH belongs Chemical compounds temporarily outlining people, such as BZ ( Bi-Zeta) and diethyllamide Lizerginic acid ( DLK). In the poisoning of these si, the defeated state of the euphoria occurs. Then the coordination of motion is disturbed, muscle weakness appears. In the future, signs of damage to the central nervous system are growing. Ajacked with difficulty focusing in time and place of stay. A sharp motor excitement, anxiety, a sense of anxiety, fear, visual and auditory hallucinations is developing. Duration of toxic action - from several hours to days.
Oh tear-acting action (chlorpicrinboth chloroacetophenone) cause burning, rubbed in the eyes, severe tear, light-free, spasm (compression) and edema. With severe poisoning, eye irritation increases and signs of lesions of the upper respiratory tract appear: burning in throat and chest, cough, runny nose. Observed nausea, headache, vomiting.
When poisoning annoying (adamcite , Chemical compounds CS and CR) Sneezing is observed, burning in the nose and nasopharynx, the separation of mucus from the nose, tearing, salivation, cough, develops motor and mental disorders, muscle weakness, disruption of coordination of movements.
Depending on the duration of preserving the striking ability of the US, are divided into persistent and unstable. His striking effects are resistant to preserve up to several days and even weeks. Typical representatives of persistent s are Vx gases, Zoman, Iprit.
Bacteriological (biological) weapon It is a massive injury of people, farm animals and plants. Its action is based on the use of the pathogens of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, rickettia , fungi, as well as toxins produced by some bacteria). As bacterial agents, pathogens of various infectious diseases can be used: plague, Siberian ulcers, brucellize , sapa , cholera , tularemia , yellow and other fever, spring-summer encephalitis , raw and abdominal typhoid, influenza, malaria, dysentery, natural smallpox, etc.
In the conditions of the rapid development of science and technology, the appearance in the arsenals of the means of armed struggle foreign armies New types of weapons of mass lesions based on unknown principles.
Information B. modern society
as a weapon of mass lesion
Who owns information, he owns the world.
Nathan Rothschild
Five million years ago, our ancestors, early hominids, were used as a weapon of batons, untreated stones and primitive spears. Later, they learned how to make stone axes, knives and arrow tips, as well as bone weapons.
A cold and throwing weapon received widespread in the ancient time, first armor, siege guns, a military fleet and cavalry appeared. INVII century BC There appears a prototype of modern explosives - "Greek fire".
First firearms appeared in China at the beginningXII. century. Soon the first firearms of firearms are beginning to appear.
During the First World War, tanks and chemical weaponMass distribution received automatic weapons, airplanes and submarines. Second World War She became the first and only conflict, during which nuclear weapons were applied.
The Cold War, which began shortly after the Second World War, marked the beginning of the Arms Race. Intercontinental appear ballistic rockets For the delivery of nuclear and thermonuclear warheads. Space becomes a new host of hostilities. More and more types of weapons are beginning to be equipped with computers. New methods of warfare appear. Psychological operations begin to play a big role. The media is becoming a new type of weapon.
In the end XX- First XXI The century has taken place many events, during which information weapons were intensively used. Widespread development of international terrorism, disintegration of Yugoslavia, armed conflicts in South Ossetia, Nagorno-Karabakh and in the south-east of Ukraine, "Orange Revolution" and "Euromaidan", "Arab Spring", civil War In Syria and the European migration crisis, this is just an exemplary list of wars, revolutions and other crises that managed to occur (begin) during this time. Also, informational weapons can also be applied in more peaceful events - bright examples are the presidential elections in the USA 2016, the presidential election in France 2017. An important role in the coverage of these events was played (played) media and social networks. For example, in honor of the international television company Al-Jazeera, the term - "Effect Al-Jazeera" was named, describing the impact of such media sources as blogs of journalists, Internet radio and satellite broadcasting on global policies. It is believed that Al-Jazeera, together with the Al-Arabia TV channel, came up with and launched the mechanism of "Arab Spring", as a result of which the political landscape changed in the Middle East.
Information operations can also be carried out by the state itself. Now armed forces A number of countries are officially included in their composition various units for information and psychological operations (so-called "Cybervascus") - among the most developed countries in this respect the USA, United Kingdom, Russia, China, South Korea and Israel. This new born of troops is now performed by other institutions in previous times, as a rule, relating to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and / or state security authorities. Also, these troops are engaged in the security of telecommunications, radio electronic intelligence, etc. - Progress in the field of computing equipment and telecommunications led many secret government information in electronic form and transmitted on various communication networks, therefore it was necessary to protect their own information and in the interception and decryption of enemy information.
It is important to understand that information and psychological operations have been carried out earlier, even in ancient times, however, their nature was unsystematic, and the means and methods are pretty primitive and limited. The first serious steps to apply information weapons were made during World War II with such countries as the United Kingdom, France and the United States. The main type of information weapons were leaflets, posters and other printed materials, and loudspeaker reproductors were also used at front positions. During World War II, movies and radio were added to them. It is noteworthy that the Church took part in the USSR in propaganda - as a result, the tank column of Dimitri Donskoy, which consisted of 40 tanks was created on donations of believers (about 8 million rubles).
IN modern world Information can also act as a production factor along with difficulty, earth, capital and entrepreneurial abilities. It is noteworthy that information can have a serious, albeit indirect, impact on the economy of both individual companies and entire states.
December 12, 2016 Future President of the United States Donald Trump by one entry in his accountTwitter. Calculated the capitalization of the company "LockheedMartin."For $ 3.5 billion after his statement about the planned reduction in military spending, the company's shares fell by 4.2%, the shares of other defense sector contractors were also affected.
Because of the next statement of Donald Trump on January 6, 2017, the company's shares "Toyota."File fell on 3.11% - the future US president criticized the plans for the construction of the plant in Mexico and promised to increase customs duties on the import of cars.
On April 23, 2013, a group of Syrian hackers hacked an account inTwitter.owned by the International Information and News Agency "A.ssociated. P.ress ", and placed a false message about two explosions in the White House of the United States and the injury of President Barack Obama. This message is short-term brought up the Dow-Jones index by more than 100 points, the capitalization of the American securities market fell $ 136 billion.
On October 14, 2016, the shares of the American pharmaceutical company "ARIAD PHARMACEUTICALS" fell by 15% due to the tweet of the American policy of Bernie Sanders, who criticized the company due to increased prices for drugs for patients with leukemia. The company lost $ 387 million.
Attentive study of the history of the past - especially those of its events that took place relatively recently - can give answers to questions arising in our time, for example: when it is worth or not to believe in media and social networks? How to distinguish knowingly false, propaganda, messages from the truthful? What interests persecute faces and organizations that distribute sensational, emotionally painted or exclusive information? Knowledge of the basic rules of information hygiene, hoped from the lessons of the past and present, can help avoid problems such as recruitment by representatives of religious sects, extremist organizations and exploration bodies of foreign countries.
Understanding how important the information plays when it comes to competition in the free market, and why it plays this role, can keep from unworthy actions capable of affecting the company's reputation and give a serious competitive advantage. It is important to understand that the information is only a resource that needs to be properly disposed. On which context information will be distributed, its potential directly depends.
The events occurring in the world show how society depending on the media, from how they are presenting the events and coming. Examples are all recent revolutions, military conflicts and the Asian crisis.
The main distributor of information in the world is the United States whose media is the title of independent and the most objective. In fact, they are engaged in American politics so that it is celebrated almost all countries European Union. This suggests that the aggressive information policy, conducted by the United States, does not like anyone, even reliable allies.
An important role is that cold War The USSR lost, presented propaganda through the Western media.
The role of mass propaganda and the means of its implementation was aware of all odious rulers of the last century - Churchill, Stalin, Hitler and others. But then she played not a major role, although he influenced the outcome of the event.
With the emergence and development of technological solutions for receiving information, the information component - the media began to increase. As a result, the possibility of obtaining information in real time, the possibility of influencing the situation by reporting to the society of his own or someone else's point of view, was put in one row with the most dangerous of our century.
By distributing information, society becomes part of one of the participants in the event. From this point on, each of us begins to "fight" for the selected participant, telling other things that the media distributed.
From the moment when the possibility of reporting his frivision to a large number of people became ordinary, and this became possible with the development of the Internet, computer technologies and household appliances For viewing and listening to information, we have become "warriors" of the information world. Any of us can write an article by setting out the essence of what is written in such a way - there is a right decision, or withdraw a video where his opinion becomes the main plot. This is essentially a battle on the information field in a tiny scale, and now imagine that the media professionals or highly qualified specialists working on the state can be done with information.
Therefore, today the most destructive action has political, journalism on this topic or video recorders of a political nature. Masterfully conducted reports, press reviews on what happened events can change even the accomplished facts and even reincarn the value military Victory. It is not so important who reached victory in a particular situation, it is important that newspapers and television will be presented to us.
These effects can be seen in the recent past, when in 1993 in Russia the new president began to severely establish authoritarian regime, and the media spoke of what success reached democracy in Russia. The Belarusian President began to build an authoritarian state earlier, and Belarus's media wrote about the ideal democratic strict, or explicitly registered coup in Ukraine, named by all Western media Orange and the People's Revolution. There are many examples, and they still occur, the revolution in Libya is a vivid example of media domination over the consciousness of society.
All the events that happened and occurring unites one - the reality differs directly in the opposite direction from the imposed media "real" facts from reliable sources.
The effectiveness of the media is based on the fact that this timeWhen the flow of information is incredibly high, it is unrealistic to distinguish the truth from the fiction, even if you yourself participated in some events. Cleverly mounted frames, selection of the "necessary" eyewitnesses from the scene of the incident, which is what is happening, moreover, the same information comes from various sources of information, from different media and different states - and you are a hostage imposed by someone or worse than one specifically selected Opinions in order for reaching information to seek you real. In this case, you can only believe it, as most of us come, or not to believe. At the moment, to check the accuracy of the information to an ordinary person will not have no strength or means.
All the information applied to us from different sources is constantly monitored, and only a person who has cognition in this particular issue can understand the truthfulness, and not the fact that the rest will believe him.
But not everything is so bad, as it seems. Each weapon is to protect against it - so, the development of the Internet produced the association of people in interests and on other factors, it is important here that people already have their own point of view, and to convince them to accept some other things it became very difficult. Due to the permanent pressing of the media, society began to break up until certain groups of interests, which will eventually lead to self-consciousness and self-determination of each individual.
As a simple person can become "God" using the media
A simple person, starting in them a page or blog, can collect around himself a lot of like-minded people, for whom his opinion will become decisive. Allowing the possibility that the number of like-minded people will constantly grow, then such a group of numbers will exceed the number of residents of a separate state, and, in fact, this person will be "president" for them. And since people strive to impose their opinions to others, then over time, most of the population of our planet will listen to the opinion of one person, and here it becomes "God" for them.
We seem to seem to have the existence of such an opportunity, and if you look at the Internet resources, you can see an analogy of what is happening. Milliona attendance and multi-million dollar support for one resource created by one person are already reality.
Informational field of battle
To date, everyone recognizes one fact - to ensure permanent support of the information resource, to coordinate and monitor the action of outgoing information can only state. And no matter who and what does, it is important who is behind it. So far, only the United States has been able to demonstrate that the state car can work in open mode from ordinary people - "bloggers." The rest of the states strive to fully control their own information field, and they have a reason for this - an experienced player in the US information field constantly leads propagando-information work to achieve the desired result in various corners planets. And against the background of financial crises and wars for resources, no one presented any requirements for the USA. This is victory in the information field for the consciousness of society.
In the past strategic command-staff teaching "Caucasian 2016", held from 5 to 10 September on the polygons of the Southern Military District, as well as in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Black and Caspian Seas, a special group of information confrontation was created, which during SKSHA worked out its "profile" Questions. This, summing up the past maneuvers, told reporters the head of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - the first Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia, General of the Army, Valery Gerasimov.
Without disclosure the essence of the work done by this group, the general nevertheless stressed that the tasks that were solved by this structure were adequate to issues under the jurisdiction of fire lesion planning specialists, and at some stages - even prevail over them.
It is known that during the current Caucasus, issues of preparation and application of troops in the south-western region in the context of the protection of the territorial integrity of Russia were worked out. According to the plan of maneuvers, it was necessary to cover the state border, isolate the areas of the actions of illegal armed formations, as well as plan the actions of the troops to resolve the internal armed conflict.
Speaking about the actions of a group of information confrontation, Valery Gerasimov highly appreciated its effectiveness, noting that the structure of the main operational management was included in the structure, the information confrontation centers of military districts, as well as forces and funds radioelectronic struggle and state secrets protection services.
Weapon Words
Military experts, analysts united: The modern war will be carried out as much as possible wide spectrum hybrid methods. The familiar fireproof contact between the warring parties does not always act as an apogee of battles. "Combat Actions" today are underway for minds and hearts, for mood in society, for the information picture created by means of data transmission and media.
In the middle of the last century, experts formulated informational confrontation as a struggle in the information sphere, or rather, as an impact on information, information Systems and the infrastructure of one side to another with simultaneous protection of its own resources.
The "informational weapon" beats, first of all, according to the consciousness of people, forms their behavior, and ultimately regulates political processes in the whole states. The consequences of "strikes" of such weapons are well known: this is a wave of "color revolutions" for the countries of the former USSR, and the world's war in the Middle East, and the events in Ukraine are finally ...
The same head of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Valery Gerasimov, speaking some time ago at one of the general meetings of the Academy of Military Sciences, was frank: "In the 21st century, the tendency of erasing differences between the state of war and the world can be traced. Wars are no longer announced, but starting - they are not on the template. A completely prosperous state in a matter of months and even days can turn into an isna of a fierce armed struggle, to immerse themselves in the Bay of Chaos, the Humanitarian Catastrophe and Civil War. "
The speech of General Gerasimov later became the basis of the article "The value of science - in anticipation", where it was emphasized that "the emphasis used methods of confrontation is shifted towards the widespread use of political, economic, information, humanitarian and other non-military measures implemented with the involvement of the protest potential of the population. All this is complemented by military measures of a hidden nature, including the implementation of information confrontation activities and the actions of the forces of special operations. "
War without contact
At one time, the famous military theoretics, academician of the Academy of Military Sciences, Honored Worker of Science of Russia, Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor, Major General Vladimir Slipchenko (now, unfortunately, already deceased) noted that "after completing the transitional period to contactless wars, information The confrontation will be beyond the limits of the providing type and will become combat. "
According to the general, a long time served in the General Staff, "Superiority over the enemy will be achieved through an advantage in obtaining different information, mobility, reaction speed, in the exact effect on its objects with minimal risk for its forces and means. At the same time, as a particular theorist noted, unlike a shock high-precision weapon, striking a specific object, "the information weapon will be systemarized, that is, the whole combat, economic or social systems."
How is the "informational weapon"? The facts of its "applications" are known to everyone. So, concentrated by social networks Calls to the riots led to protests in Egypt, after which the country was immersed for a long time in chaos. In Ukraine, the image of "Russian aggression", artificially created and bloated by self-sufficient ideologists, still focuses the waves of mobilization.
Generally speaking of the current situation, it is impossible not to notice that it is precisely the planned information attacks lead to numerous accusations of our country. Accusations in the actions to which she is not involved. Nevertheless, despite the absurdity of other complaints, they often act as a reason for anti-Russian sanctions and their constant prolongation. And this is an economy ...
According to Candidate of Military Sciences, Colonel Konstantin Trotsenko, information and psychological impact (both for the population and the personnel of the enemy's armed forces) is one of the two main forms of information confrontation and is in the field of strategy, that is, military and government controlled. The toolkit of such an impact is quite wide, and the experience of campaign leaflets of the Second World War here, one can say, already went down in history, giving way to super-modern technologies based on electronic systems.
The second form of confrontation, according to Konstantin Trotsenko, has the nature of the information and technical and is implemented in the form of destruction of information, radio-electronic, computer networks, unauthorized access to the enemy information resources, as well as protecting its own information environment from it.
Information "Ricochet"
Given the latest events in the world, it becomes obvious that the massive informational impact is capable of incuring deep damage to which it is directed. It is worthwhile to turn to the events in Ukraine, or rather - to the accusations against Russia, allegedly implemented from its part of the aggression. Naderganized from social network information about the names and staff structure of compounds and military units The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (such information, without thinking about the consequences, shall be exchanged in the reserve or still undergoing service soldiers) became the basis for the compilation of the Ukrainian main management of intelligence reports of the presence of russian troops In their country.
From the pictures made on the exercises in the garrisons and placed in social networks, "photocheaters" of the use of military forces are formed. From the correspondence of "demobel" a news about "redeployment" of parts and divisions is born. Then such information is skillfully mixed, superimposed on a general skillful fabricated information background ... What to say, if even the US postpour for NATO Douglas Lewit somehow recognized: most of the information on the Donbass Alliance's leadership draws from social networks!
However, despite the obvious absurdity of the rumors replicated on the Internet, they became the basis of not only the anti-Russian rhetoric, but also the general policy of the West in relation to our country. So, in addition to the sanctivities, the formed image of the "aggressor" served as a reason for the implementation of NATO programs to strengthen its presence in Eastern Europe. Under the sauce of combating the "Russian threat", large-scale movements of troops are carried out, forces and funds are deployed, gigantic budget funds are mastered. A man in the same Poland or Baltic believes: All this is to protect it.
And to reinforce the image of the enemy regularly stamped over the plots with distorted facts, with fake "heroes", with false evidence. Do not be bent anywhere, even direct deception. Our compatriot, living in Switzerland, has recently laid out the news record of one of the local television companies. In the video, the Russian-speaking resident of the residential quarter of the residential quarter destroyed as a result of the plaque, he ships the curses of the Ukrainian warriors. However, the translation of a woman's speech to German is completely different: it turns out that she blames in his misfortune ... Russian authorities and Putin's President Putin! Such informational fakes issued for real facts, in the end in the multi-chain accusations against Russia and become a reason for sanction action - the "ricochet" from the blows of the most "information weapons".
By the way, such triggers for some Western reporters are not uncommon. It is known that in August 2008, EurONews TV channel issued a footage of Tskhinval's Georgian artillery destroyed by the city of Gori, allegedly subjected to Russian aviation. Frankly negative configuration of foreign journalists The author of these lines was observed personally - while working in state information structures in the North Caucasus during both Chechen campaigns.
Correspondents of Western publications and TV channels who were in the region were then looking for, first of all, "dirty" facts were recorded on the cameras of dissatisfied with the authorities, they cut off any positive information about the restoration of peaceful life. I remember how for one of the groups of foreign reporters, the route of the next press tour to the areas of Chechnya was drafted in such a way that he excluded the race to Grozny. The furnishings in the city in those days unexpectedly aggravated due to the shooters of the militants, and the authorities of the region and the military command decided simply not to risk the lives of the guests.
However, journalists are taken: it turns out that each film crew was tasked with definition of "Standap" against the background of Grozny Ruins. As a result, they were "blinded" - in the next Stavropol Territorywhere specially found picturesque ruins of some kind of dairy farm located in the demolition stage ...
"Information funds of the struggle can already be equal to the weapon of mass lesion, and the information war is considered one of the most effective tools Interstate confrontation, the first vice president of the Academy of Geopolitical Problems, Dr. Military Sciences Konstantin Sivkov. - American experts indicate that by criteria effectiveness cost information Technology Impacts on the enemy are significantly superior to traditional weapons systems. " The expert also notes that the leading countries of the world pay a significant attention to the development of the theory and practice of the use of information war methods. "However, successful configuration in this area is possible only if the country has enough effective system, the management of which is carried out from one center, "Konstantin Sivkov believes.
At the same point, a political scientist, professor of the diplomatic academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, doctor of political sciences Igor Panarin also insists. In his opinion, there has been a long need for the adoption of the report of information confrontation, and the priority russian politics In this area, the creation of an information containment system should be. "Protection national Interests States suggests a comprehensive opposition of regional and local-scale information threats, "the expert notes.
It is worth adding that in the national security strategy of Russia approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2015, the danger of increasing confrontation in the global information space is also emphasized. A similar confrontation, as stated in the strategy, is due to the desire of some countries to "use informational and communication technologies to achieve their geopolitical goals, including by manipulating public consciousness and falsification of history."
As for the algorithm and practical methods for organizing an informational confrontation in the armed forces, it is not difficult to guess that this while the sphere will be hidden from the general public. But taking into account the news by the Head of the General Staff, the Group created at the time of the "Caucasus-2016" exercises of the group of state secrets, it can be assumed that one of the directions of this work will be prevented by the leaks of information about the various sides of the army life and fleet.
Including - preventing the placement of "closed" information in the same social networks, where other young warriors, Braviruya in front of peers and girlfriends, lay out pictures from the exercises, place photos of new weapons, are divided by other information that are not intended for prying eyes. Everyone who served in the troops knows - you can't burn with specialists. We are not talking about censorship: just to level the threat in the information sphere sometimes it is vital to prevent defeat in this "war".
Topic: Weapons of mass lesion.
Educational questions:
1. Determination of weapons of mass lesion and its types, and affecting factors.
Determination of weapons of mass lesion and its types.
Weapons of mass destruction - Weapons of a large afflicting ability, intended for making mass losses or destruction on relatively large spaces (squares).
Types of weapons of mass lesion:
1. Chemical weapon - Weapons of mass lesion, the action of which is based on the toxic properties of poisoning substances, and their means of use: artillery shells, rockets, mines, aviation bombs, grenades, checkers.
Chemical weapons are distinguished by the following characteristics:
1.1. The nature of the physiological effects of poisoning substances on the human body;
The substance can influence the central nervous system of people. As a result, fast defeat occurs large number personnel. The deadly outcome when exposed to this type of chemical weapons are very high (Zaror, Zoman, Tabun and V-Gaza).
The following form amazes the body through the skin and the respiratory system. This chemical weapon is aerosols or pairs (IPRIT, LUISIT).
The most high-speed is a weapon containing substances that affect the entire body. They penetrate the blood with oxygen and quickly spread to the tissues and organs (phosgene and dithosgene).
Substances affecting the lungs and causing suffocating effect are part of another type of weapon of chemical impact (quinucleated-3-benzylate).
The latter look is a chemical weapon that contains substances that have a temporary effect on the mental state of the person. It is not fatal, but can cause passing deafness, blindness, state of panic and fear, some other impaired psyche (police or special means of non-mercy).
1.2 Tactical appointment:
Mortals - substances intended for the destruction of the living force to which the poisoning substances of the neuro-paralytic, skin-disruptive, general and suffocating action.
Temporarily withdrawing live strength is substances that allow solving tactical tasks to remove the living force within a period of several minutes to several days. These include psychotropic substances and irritants.
1.3 The speed of the upcoming impact:
High-speed - neuro-paralytic, shared, annoying and some psychotropic substances
Slow-skinned - skin-disruptive, suffocating and individual psychotropic substances.
1.4 Resistance to the applicable poisoning substance:
Briefly valid (non-persistent and volatile) - the action is calculated by moments and hours;
Long existing (persistent) - the action is calculated for days and months;
1.5 tools and methods of application(Starting from artillery shells at the beginning of XX and ending with checkers, garnets, mines and rockets).
Note: On April 22, 1915, Germany conducted a massive chlorine attack, as a result of which 15 thousand soldiers received defeats, of which 5 thousand were killed. The Germans at the front of 6 km released chlorine from 5730 cylinders. For 5-8 minutes, 168 tons of chlorine were released.
On July 12, 1917, 50 thousand shells containing 125 tons of B-dichlorodiethyl sulfide ("mustard gas" or Iprit) were issued for 4 hours on the positions of allies. The lesions of varying degrees received 2490 people.
Figure Defeat by Iprit.
Figure - 1. The defeat of the hand of the hand, the beginning of the development of bullous dermatitis 24 hours after contact.
Figure - 2. Big strenuous bubbles on the 5th day after the defeat.
Figure - 3. An ulcer of the forearm in the purification stage on the 10th day after the defeat.
Figure - 4. A sluggish penetrating process on the foot after 3 weeks after the defeat.
2. Biological weapons - these are pathogenic microorganisms or their disputes, viruses, bacterial toxins, infected animals, as well as the means of delivery (rockets, managed shells, automatic aerostats, aviation), intended for massive damage to the living force of the enemy, farm animals, crops, and crops, as well as Detergent of certain types of military materials and equipment.
2.1 ways to use biological weapons, as a rule, are:
Battle parts missiles;
Artillery mines and shells;
Packages (bags, boxes, containers), discharged from airplanes;
Special devicesscattering insects from airplanes;
Divergent methods.
2.2. For the equipment of biological weapons, causative agents of the following diseases can be used:
- Plague - acute natural focal infection Group of quarantine infections occurring with an exceptionally severe common state, fever, lesion of lymph nodes, light and other internal organs, often with the development of sepsis. The disease is characterized by high mortality and extremely high contagious.
The incubation period lasts from several hours to 3-6 days. The most common forms of plague are bubonic and light. Mortality at the bubonic form of the plague reached 95%, with a light - 98-99%. Currently with proper treatment Mortality is 5-10%.
- Cholera - Acute intestinal anthroponous infection. It is characterized by the fecal-oral mechanism of infection, the lesion of the small intestine, water diarrhea, vomiting, which fastest loss by the body of fluid and electrolytes with the development of varying degrees of dehydration up to hypovolemic shock and death.
- anthrax - a particularly dangerous infectious disease of agricultural and wild animals of all kinds, as well as a person. The disease flows lightning, quickly (in sheep and cattle), sharply, subaclate and anginosno (in pigs), mainly in the carbunculeous form - in humans. Characterized by intoxication, the development of serous-hemorrhagic inflammation of the skin, lymph nodes and internal organs; It flows in a skin or septic form (animals also have intestinal and pulmonary forms).
3. Nuclear weapon - Explosive weapons based on the use of nuclear energy released in the chain nuclear reaction of the division of heavy nuclei and the thermalide reaction of the synthesis of lung nuclei.
Power nuclear weapons - the charge is measured in a trotyl equivalent of the number of trinitrotoluola, which needs to be explored to obtain the same energy. It is usually expressed in kilotons (CT) and megatons (MT). Trotil equivalent conditional:
Firstly, the distribution of the energy of a nuclear explosion on various ammunition factors significantly depends on the type of ammunition and, in any case, is very different from the chemical explosion.
Secondly, it is simply impossible to achieve complete combustion of the corresponding amount of chemical explosive.
3.1 It is customary to divide nuclear ammunition in power by five groups:
Ultra-low (less than 1 CT);
Small (1 - 10 kt);
Average (10 - 100 CT);
Large (high power) (100 CT - 1 MT);
Super-Multiple (ultra-hand power) (over 1 mt).
3.2Vids nuclear explosions:
Ground nuclear explosion - This is an explosion produced on the surface of the Earth, in which the luminous area formed during the explosion is touched by the surface of the Earth. Such explosions lead to the most significant environmental pollution. The explosion area is highly polluted, and radioactive precipitates fall on the surface of the Earth towards the movement of the clouds formed during the explosion, creating a radioactive track.
Air nuclear explosion - This is an explosion produced at an altitude of up to 10 km when the luminous area does not apply to the Earth (water). Strong radioactive contamination of the terrain is formed mainly near the epicenter of low air explosions. Them characteristic feature It is that, despite the compound of a dust pillar with an explosion cloud raised from the surface of the ground, the soil particles do not interact with radioactive products - fragments of nuclear fuel division. In this regard, the formation of a source of radioactive pollution occurs due to the condensation of the vapor of only the structural materials of the bomb. Radioactive products are localized in drops of fluid formed. The size of the radioactive particles formed in this way is about 10 microns. These particles apply and fall on the ground at distances to several hundred and even thousand kilometers from the explosion venue.
Underwater nuclear explosion - Nuclear explosion in water at some depth. Such explosions are used to damage underwater and surface targets, hydraulic structures and other objects.
3.3 Factor striking nuclear weapons:
Shock wave - One of the main striking factors of nuclear weapons, which is an area of \u200b\u200bsharp compression of the medium propagating in all directions from the explosion site with supersonic speed. Has a sharp front limit (shock wave front) separating the unperturbed environment from the environment with increased pressure, density, speed and temperature. Depending on the distribution environment, the shock wave is distinguished by air, in water or soil. The main parameters of the shock wave determine its affixing effect - overpressure, high-speed pressure and duration of the compression phase.
Light radiation - A combination of visible light and close to it on the spectrum of ultraviolet and infrared rays. The source of light radiation is the luminous explosion area consisting of heated to high temperatures substances of nuclear ammunition, air and soil (with ground explosion). The temperature of the luminous area for some time is comparable to the surface temperature of the Sun (maximum 8000-10000 and at least 1800 ° C). The dimensions of the luminous area and its temperature quickly change over time. The duration of light radiation depends on the power and type of explosion and can last up to tens of seconds.
Penetrating radiation - It is a powerful stream of neutrons and gamma rays arising at the time of the explosion and propagating in all directions from it. Penetrating radiation is valid for 15 - 20 ° C. It accounts for approximately 5% of the energy of the nuclear explosion.
Radioactive infection - a result of the fallout of radioactive substances from the cloud of the nuclear explosion and the induced radiation due to education radioactive isotopes in the environment under the influence of instant neutron and gamma radiation of the nuclear explosion; Amuses people and animals mainly as a result of an external gamma- and (to a lesser extent) beta-irradiation, as well as as a result of internal irradiation (mainly alpha active nuclides) when radioisotopes in the body, with air, water and food.
Electromagnetic impulse (AM) - A short-term electromagnetic field that occurs when the nuclear ammunition explodes as a result of the interaction of gamma radiation and neutrons emitted with the nuclear explosion, with the ambient atoms.
Note (results of the use of nuclear weapons on Hiroshimima and Nagasaki):
During World War II on August 6, 1945 at 8.15 am, the B-29 Enola Gay bombing was reset at Hiroshima, Japan. About 140,000 people died during an explosion and died over the next months. Three days later, when the United States dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, about 80,000 people were killed..
Figure is a nuclear bomb "Little Boy).
Kid - The code name of the uranium bomb developed under the Manhattan project. This is the first atomic bomb in history, which was used as a weapon and was discarded on August 6, 1945 to the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
Figure is a nuclear bomb "Tolstik" ( Fat MAN)
Fat man - code name atomic bombsDeveloped under the Manhattan Project, discarded on August 9, 1945 to the Japanese city of Nagasaki 3 days after the bombing of Hiroshima.
