The other day, the world celebrated the sad anniversary - the 70th anniversary of the atomic bombings of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On August 6, 1945, the B-29 Enola Gay Air Air Force under the command of Colonel Tibbets dropped the Bomb "Kid" on Hiroshima. And three days later, on August 9, 1945, the B-29 Boxkar plane under the command of Colonel Charles Susini dropped the bomb on Nagasaki. The total number of dead only during the explosion was from 90 to 166 thousand people in Hiroshima and from 60 to 80 thousand people - in Nagasaki. And this is not all - about 200 thousand people died from radiation sickness.
After the bombing in Hiroshima reigned a real hell. Remembers a miracle surviving witness Akiko Takakura:
"Three colors characterize the day for me when the atomic bomb was reset on Hiroshima: black, red and brown. Black - because the explosion cut off sunlight And immersed the world into the darkness. Red was the color of blood flowing from the wounded and broken people. He was also the color of fires that burned everything in the city. Brown was the color of the burned, falling down from the skin of the skin, the action of light radiation from the explosion. "
From thermal radiation, some Japanese instantly evaporated, leaving the shadows on the walls or on the asphalt
From heat radiation, some Japanese instantly evaporated, leaving the shadows on the walls or on the asphalt. The shock wave swept the building and killed thousands of people. In Hiroshima, the very real fiery tornado, in which thousands of civilians were burning alive alive.
In the name of what was all this horror and for what was bombed by the peaceful cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
Officially: to speed up the fall of Japan. But she lived her the last daysEspecially when on August 8, Soviet troops began the defeat of the Kwantung Army. And unofficially, these were testing heavy-duty weapons aimed at ultimately against the USSR. As President of the US President Trumann said cynically: "If this bomb is exploded, I will have a good duby against these Russian guys." So the coercion of the Japanese to the world was far from the most important thing in this action. And the effectiveness of atomic bombing in this regard was small. Not they, and the successes of Soviet troops in Manchuria were the last impetus for surrender.
It is characteristic that in the "Soldiers and Sailors" of the Japanese emperor Hirokhito released on August 17, 1945, the significance of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria was noted, but not a word about atomic bombing.
According to the Japanese historian Kueui Hacegawa, it was the announcement of the War of the USSR into the interval between two bombardments caused the capitulation. After the war, Admiral Samu Veyu said: "I think the participation of the USSR in the war against Japan, and not atomic bombing, made more to accelerate the surrender." Prime Minister Suzuki also stated that the USSR entry into war did the "continuation of the war impossible."
Moreover, the lack of necessity in atomic bombers ultimately recognized the Americans themselves.
According to the "study of the effectiveness of strategic bombardments", the US government issued in 1946, atomic bombs were not necessary for victory in the war. After the study of numerous documents and conducting conversations with hundreds of Japanese military and civil officials was made next conclusion:
"Definitely until December 31, 1945, and most likely until November 1, 1945, Japan would have capitulated, even if the atomic bombs were not discarded and the USSR would not enter the war, even if the invasion of the Japanese islands was not planned and was not prepared "
Here is the opinion of the general, then the President of the United States Dwight Eisenhower:
"In 1945, Military Minister Stimson during a visit to my headquarters in Germany informed me that our government was preparing to lose atomic bomb to Japan. I was one of those who believed that there are a number of convincing reasons to question the wisdom of such a decision. During his description ... depressed me, and I voiced him my deep doubts, firstly, based on my faith in the fact that Japan was already broken and that the atomic bombing was completely excessive, and secondly, because I believed that our country should avoid shocking the world view using weapons, the use of which, in my opinion, was no longer obligatory as a means to save the life of American soldiers. "
But the opinion of Admiral Ch. Nimitsa:
"The Japanese have already in fact requested the world. With a purely military point of view, the atomic bomb did not play a decisive role in the defeat of Japan. "
For those who planned bombing, the Japanese were something like yellow monkeys, no one-hearted
Atomic bombing was a large experiment on people who were not considered for people. For those who planned bombing, the Japanese were something like yellow monkeys, short-sighted. So, American soldiers (in particular, marines) were engaged in a very peculiar fee of souvenirs: dismembered the bodies of Japanese soldiers and civilians of the Pacific Islands, and their skulls, teeth, hands, skin, etc. They sent their relatives to their home as gifts. There is no complete confidence that all dismembered bodies were dead - the Americans did not disappear to extrude gold teeth in still live prisoners of war.
According to the American historian James Weiggarter between the atomic bombing and collecting parts of the opponent's bodies there is a direct connection: both were the result of the dehumanization of the enemy:
"The widespread image of the Japanese as the Neochoralov created an emotional context, which was provided by another justification for solutions, the result of which was the death of hundreds of thousands of people."
But you outrage and say: then coarse infantrymen. And the decision ultimately accepted the intelligent Christian Truman. Well, let's give the floor to him. On the second day after the bombing of Nagasaki Truman stated that "the only language they understand is the language of bombing. When you have to deal with animals, you have to handle it like animals. It is very sad, but nevertheless it is so. "
Since September 1945 (after the surrender of Japan), American experts worked in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, including doctors. However, they did not treat the unfortunate "hibakus" - patients with radial disease, and with genuine research interest they watched the hair falls out, the skin flashes, then spots appear on it, bleeding begged, how they weaken and die. Not a drop of compassion. Vae Victis (walked Mount). And science above all!
But I already hear outrageous voices: "Father Deacon, who you regret? Does not the Japanese, who treacherly attacked Americans in Pearl Harbor? Does not the Japanese military officer, which committed terrible crimes in China and Korea, killed millions of Chinese, Koreans, Malaysev, and at times bruting? " I answer: most of those killed in Hiroshima and Nagasaki did not have any relation to the military. These were civilians - women, children, old men. With all the crimes of Japan, it is impossible not to recognize the well-known timeliness of the official protest of the Japanese government of August 11, 1945:
"Military and civilians, men and women, old men and young people were killed without any disarm atmospheric pressure and the thermal emission of the explosion ... The specified bombs used by the Americans, in their cruelty and terrifying effects, are far superior to the poisoning gases or any other weapons, the use of which is prohibited. Japan protests against the US abrasion of internationally recognized principles of warfare, disturbed both when using an atomic bomb and at the previously used incendiary bombers who killed old people. "
The most sober assessment of atomic bombing was voiced by Indian judge Radhabinut Palom. Recalling this Kaiser of Germany Wilhelm II Justification of his duties to steply finish the first world war ("Everything should be given to fire and a sword. Men, women and children should be killed, and no tree or house should not be left not destroyed"), Pal noticed :
"This policy mass murdersheld with the aim of the speedy completion of the war was considered as a crime. During the war on Pacific OceanWhich we consider here, if there is something, approaching the emperor of Germany under consideration above, this is the solution of the allies to use an atomic bomb. "
Indeed, we see here a clear succession between the German racism of the First and Second World Wars and Racism of Anglo-Saxon.
The creation of atomic weapons and especially its use exposed the terrible disease of the European spirit - its hyperintellectualism, cruelty, will to violence, contempt for man. And contempt for God and His commandments. It is significant that the atomic bomb, discarded on Nagasaki, ripped near the Christian Church. From the XVI century Nagasaki were a gate for Christianity to Japan. And so Protestant Truman gave an order about her barbaric destruction.
Ancient Greek word ατομον means an indivisible particle and personality. This is not by chance. The decomposition of the person's personality and the expansion of the atom went hand in hand. And they understood even such godless intellectuals as A. Samu:
"Mechanized civilization has just reached the final stage of barbarism. In the near future, we will have to choose between mass suicide and the reasonable use of scientific achievements [...] it should not be just a request; This should be an order that will come from the bottom up, from ordinary citizens to governments, order to make a solid choice between hell and mind. "
But, alas, governments, how did not listen to the mind, do not listen so now.
Fair said Saint Nikolai (Velymirovich):
"Europe is smart to take away, but I can not give. She knows how to kill, and not know how to appreciate the strangers. She knows how to create an extermination tools, but does not know how to be crazy and by the attitude of the weaker people with gracious. She is smart to be selfless and everywhere to carry his "symbol of faith" selflessness, but does not know how to be a vidiary and humans. "
In these words, a huge and terrible experience of Serbs, the experience of the last two centuries is captured. But this is the experience of the whole world, including Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The definition of Europe as a "White Demonie" was deeply faithful to the prophecy of St. Nicholas (Velimovich) on the nature of the future war: "She will be war, which is completely devoid of mercy, honor and nobility [...] For the coming war will be aimed not only The victory over the enemy, but also the extermination of the enemy. Full destruction of not only warring, but all that constitutes their rear: parents, children, patients, wounded and prisoners, their villages and cities, livestock and pastures, railways And all paths! " With the exception of the Soviet Union and the Great Patriotic War, where Russian Soviet soldiers still tried to show mercy, honor and nobility, the prophecy of St. Nicholas came true.
Where does such cruelty come from? Saint Nicholas sees her reason in militant materialism and plane of consciousness:
"And the Europe once started to the Spirit, and now ends the flesh, i.e. Plot's eyesight, judgment, wishes and conquests. As if enchanted! Her life takes place on two ways: in length and width, i.e. On the plane. It does not know neither depth, nor height, because even fights for the land, for the space, for the expansion of the plane and only for it! Hence the war for war, horror for horror. For God created a man not only so that he is just a living being, animal, but also in order for him to penetrate into the depths of secrets, and the heart ascended at the height of God. War for Earth is a war against truth, against God's and human nature. "
But not only the flatness of consciousness led Europe to a military catastrophe, but also a carnal lust and a godless mind:
"What is Europe? It is lust and mind. And these properties are embodied in dad and lutera. European dad is a human lust for power. European Luther is a human audacity to explain to his mind. Dad as the rule of peace and clever as the ruler of the world. "
The most important thing is that these properties do not know any external restrictions, they strive for infinity - "the performance of human lust to the limit and the mind to the limit." Such properties erected into the absolute inevitably must generate constant conflicts and bloody wars for destruction: "Because of the lust of human people, every nation and every person is looking for power, Slavs and Glory, imitating Pape Roman. Because of the mind of human every people and every person finds that he is smarter than others and more others. How, in this case, not be madness, revolutions and wars between people? "
Many Christians (and not only Orthodox) were horrified by what happened in Hiroshima. In 1946, the report of the National Council of the US churches was issued, entitled "Atomic weapons and Christianity", in which, in particular, was said:
"As American Christians, we deeply repent of the irresponsible use of atomic weapons. We all agree with the idea that whatever our opinion about the war as a whole, the sudden bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are morally vulnerable. "
Of course, many of the inventors of atomic weapons and the performers of inhuman orders in horror rejected themselves from their kids. The inventor of the American atomic bomb Robert Oppenheimer after testing in the Alamogorod, when a terrible flash masked the sky, remembered the words of the ancient Indian poem:
If shine thousands of sun
Some breaks in the sky,
Man will be death
Threat to Earth.
Oppenheimer after the war began to fight for the restriction and prohibition of nuclear weapons, for which he was removed from the "uranium project". His successor Edward Teller, the father of the hydrogen bomb, was less scrupulous.
Izserli, the pilot of the reconnaissance aircraft, which handed the data on good weather over Hiroshima, then gone to the victims of the bombing and demanded that he was put into prison as a criminal. His request was performed, though, planted in ... Psychoshushka.
But alas, many were much less scrupulous.
After the war, a very demonstrative brochure was published with documentary memories of the crew of the "Enola Gay" bomber, which brought to Hiroshima the first atomic bomb "Kid". What did these twelve people feel when they saw the city with them in ashes?
"Stibrorik: Previously, our 509th consolidated air strikes constantly teased. When the neighbors hit the departures, they threw the stones into our barracks. But when we dropped the bomb, everyone saw that we were dashing guys.
Lyuche: Until the flight, the entire crew was instructed. Tibbets argued later, as if he was one of the case. This is nonsense: everyone knew.
Jippson: After about an hour and a half after takeoff, I went down to the bomb compartment. There was a pleasant coolness. Parsons and I had to put everything on a combat platoon and remove the fuses. I still keep them as souvenirs. Then again it was possible to admire the ocean. Everyone was busy with his business. Someone fought a "sentimental journey", the most popular song of August 1945.
Lyus: The commander Drem. Sometimes I left my chair. Car held on the course of autopilot. Our main goal was Hiroshima, Spare - Cockur and Nagasaki.
Wang Kirk: the weather was supposed to decide which of these cities we had to be elected for the bombing.
CARRON: Radist waited for a signal from three "superquisces", flying ahead for meteorization. And the two "b-29", who accompanied us from behind, were visible from the tail compartment. One of them should have been photographing, and the other to deliver the measuring equipment to the explosion site.
Feribi: We are very successful, from the first right, went to the target. I saw it from afar, so my task was simple.
Nelson: As soon as the bomb separated, the plane turned the degrees to 160 and sharply went to the decline to dial the speed. Everyone was put on dark glasses.
Jippson: This expectation was the most alarming point of flight. I knew that the bomb would fall 47 seconds, and began to read in the mind, but when it reached 47, nothing happened. Then I remembered that the shock wave still takes time to catch up with us, and just here she came.
Tibbets: The plane suddenly threw down, he dug, like an iron roof. The tail shooter saw a shock wave, like radiance, approached us. He did not know what it was. About the wave approach, he warned us a signal. The plane failed even more, and it seemed to me that the anti-aircraft shell exploded over us.
Karon: I made pictures. It was an exciting spectacle. Mushroom ash-gray smoke with red core. It was seen that everything is lit inside. I was ordered to count fires. Damn it, I immediately realized that it was unthinkable! Spinning, boiling blades, similar to Lava, closed the city and spread out to the foot of the hills.
Shumard: Everything in this cloud was death. Together with smoke, some black debris flew up. One of us said: "These are the souls of the Japanese at the sky."
Bessel: Yes, in the city, everything could burn in the city. "Guys, you just dropped the first atomic bomb in history!" - Tibbets Colonel's voice rang in headsets. I wrote down everything on the film, but then someone stared all these records under the castle.
CARON: On the way back the commander asked me what I think about flight. "It's frightened than a quarter of a dollar to move on your own snow from the mountain in Koni-Island Park," I joked. "Then I will collect you on the fourth when we sit down!" - laughed Colonel. "You have to wait until pay!" - We answered the choir.
Wang Kirk: The main thought was, of course, about yourself: to get out of all this and return the whole.
Feribi: the captain of the first rank Parsons and I had to make a report to send it to the president through Guam.
Tibbets: No conditional expressions that were agreeened were not suitable, and we decided to transfer the telegram with the open text. I do not remember her literally, but it said that the results of the bombing are superior to all expectations. "
On August 6, 2015, in the anniversary of the bombardment, the grandson of President Truman Clifton Truman Daniel said that "grandfather had believed to the end of life that the decision to reset the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was true, and the United States will never apologize for it."
It seems that everything is clear here: ordinary fascism, even more terrible in his vulgarity.
We now see what they saw the first eyewitnesses from the ground. Here is the reportage of Britchet's Barthet, who visited Hiroshima in September 1945. On the morning of September 3, Bahercchet came down from the train in Hiroshima, becoming the first foreign correspondent who saw this city after atomic explosion. Together with the Japanese journalist Nakakur from the Telegraph Agency, Kyodo, Tsúsin Barcchet walked around the reddish ashiste, visited the streets of first aid. And in the same place, among the ruins and glyts, slanting his report, entitled: "I am writing about it to warn the world ...":
"Almost a month after the first atomic bomb destroyed Hiroshima, people continue to die in the city - mysterious and terrible. Citaze, who were not affected on the day of the catastrophe, die from an unknown disease, which I can not call otherwise as an atomic plaque. Without any apparent reason, their health begins to deteriorate. They drop out hair, spots appear on the body, bleeding begged from ears, nose and mouth. Hiroshima, - wrote Baherchett, - does not look like a city affected by the usual bombing. The impression is like a giant skating rink under the street, crushing all the living. At this first living polygon, where the power of an atomic bomb was tested, I saw a nightmarish emptying, which I did not meet anywhere in four years. "
And that is not all. Recall the tragedy of irradiated and their children. The whole world had a piercing story of a girl from Hiroshima Sadako Sasaki, who died in 1955 from leukemia - one of the consequences of irradiation. Already in the hospital, Sadako learned about the legend, according to which a person who has developed a thousand paper cranes can make a desire that will be fulfilled. Wanting to recover, Sadako began to fold the caravliks from any pieces of paper from any hands in her arms, but only 644 caravlik managed to fold. The song was folded about her:
Returning from Japan, having passed a lot of versts,
Paper crane comrade brought me.
History is connected with him, the story is one -
About the girl who was irradiated.
Chorus:
You will reprise paper wings
Fly, not disturbing this world, this world,
Zhuravlik, Zhuravlik, Japanese Zhuravlik,
You are always a lively souvenir.
"When will I see the sun?" - asked the doctor
(And life burned thin, as in the wind candle).
And the doctor answered the girl: "When winter goes
And thousands of cranes you will do myself. "
But the girl did not survive and soon died,
And a thousand cranes did not do it.
The last cavulility fell out of dead hands -
And the girl did not survive how thousands around.
Note that all this would be waiting for us with you if it were not for the Soviet Uranus project, which began in 1943, accelerated after 1945 and completed in 1949. Of course, crimes committed under Stalin are terrible. And first of all - the persecution of the church, references and executions of clergymen and the laity, the destruction and desecration of temples, collectivization, All-Russian (and not only Ukrainian) Hunger of 1933, who left the folk life, finally repressions of 1937. However, we will not forget that now we live the fruits of the industry. And if now the state is Russian independently and is still invulnerable for external aggression, if the tragedies of Yugoslavia, Iraq, Libya and Syria are not repeated on our expanses, this is largely due to the military-industrial complex and the rocket-nuclear shield laid during Stalin.
And meaning of those who wanted to burn us enough. Here is at least one - the emigrant poet of Georgy Ivanov:
Russia thirty years lives in prison.
In Solovki or Kolyma.
And only on Kolyma and Solovki
Russia is the one that will live in the centuries.
Everything else - Planetary Hell:
Damned Kremlin, Mad Stalingrad.
They are worth only one -
Fire, sewing it.
This written in 1949 poems George Ivanova - "Wonderful Russian Patriot", according to a certain publicist who had a self-esteem "Church Vlasov." About these verses, Professor Alexey Svezaraovsky was spoken by Professor: "What do you expect from this glorious son of the Silver Age? Cardboard and blood swords for them, especially someone else, is "cranberry juice", including those that flowed under Stalingrad. Well, the fact that both the Kremlin and Stalingrad are worthy of a "terrifying" fire, then in this "patriot," he himself safely reimbursed and the war and occupation in a quiet French outback, was, alas, not alone in her desire. The "cleansing" fire of the nuclear war was stated in the Easter Message of 1948 of the Bishops' Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church abroad. "
It is possible, by the way, read it attentive. This is what Metropolitan Anastasius (Gribanovsky) wrote in 1948:
"Our time has invented its special means of extermination of people and everything alive on earth: they have such a devastating force that in one moment there may be large spaces in a solid desert. Everything is ready to incite this hellish fire, caused by the person himself from the abyss, and we again hear the prophet's complaint, facing God: "Doco Platati torture Earth and Grass, the whole village will leave from the malice living on it" (Ierme. 12, 4). But this terrible devastating fire has not only devastating, but also its cleaning effect: for it is burned in it and those who ignite it, and with him all the vices, crimes and passions, which they define the land. [...] Atomic bombs and all other destructive funds, invented by the current technique, are truly less dangerous for our fatherland than the moral decomposition that the highest representatives of civil and church power contribute to Russian soul. The expansion of an atom brings with me only physical devastation and destruction, and the plant's crust, heart and will entails the spiritual death of the whole people, after which there is no resurrection "(" Saint Rus ". Stuttgart, 1948).
In other words, the burning was made not only Stalin, Zhukov, Voroshilov, but also His Holiness Patriarch Alexy I, Metropolitan Grigory (Chukov), Metropolitan Joseph (Chernov), Saint Luka (Waro-Yasenetsky) - then "Higher Power Representatives". And millions of our compatriots, including millions of believers of Orthodox Christians, treated and persecution, and the Great Patriotic War. Only Metropolitan Anastasiya chastely silent about the moral decomposition and the example, which showed the highest representatives of Western civil and church power. And forgot the great gospel words: "What measure to take, so you will die."
Roman A. Solzhenitsyn "In the First Circle" dates back to the same ideology. A traitor Innocent Volodin is chased in it, who was trying to give the Russian scout Yuri Koval, who focused on atomic secrets. In it, the call sounds to reset the atomic bomb on the USSR, "so that people are not tormented." No matter how "not suffering", we can see the example of Sadako Sasaki and tens of thousands of similar to it.
And therefore deep gratitude not only the great scientists, workers and soldiers who have created a Soviet atomic bomb, never bended to the move, but stopping the destructive plans of American generals and politicians, but also to our soldiers who, after the Great Patriotic War Entheolded the Russian sky and did not allow to break into it B-29 with nuclear bombs on board. Among them are now the hero of the Soviet Union, Major General Sergei Kramarenko, famous for the readers of the site. Sergey Makarovich fought in Korea and personally hit 15 American aircraft. Here's how it describes the value of activity soviet pilots In Korea:
"I believe the most important achievement that the dealers of the division caused a significant damage of US strategic aviation, armed with heavy bombers B-29" Superfortress "(" Superfreppity "). Their our division managed to knock over 20. As a result of B-29, which carried out big groups The carpet (square) bombing, ceased to fly the north of Pyongyang-Genzan in the afternoon, that is, to most of the territory of North Korea. Thus, millions of Korean residents were saved - mostly women, children and old men. But at night B-29 carried large losses. In total, for three years of war in Korea, about a hundred bombers B-29 were shot down. It was even more important that it became clear that in the event of the beginning of the war with the Soviet Union, the atomic bombs of "superfrequency" did not reach large industrial centers and the cities of the USSR, because they will be shot down. This has played a huge role in the fact that the Third World War never started. "
HOW IT WAS
On August 6, 1945 at 8:15 am local time, the American bomber B-29 "ENOLA GAY", piloted by Paul Tibbets and Tom Ferebi, reset the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima. A significant part of the city was destroyed, in the first six months after the bombing, 140 thousand people died.
Nuclear mushroom rises into the air
Nuclear mushroom is a nuclear bomb explosion product, formed immediately after the detonation of the charge. He is one of characteristic features Atomic explosion.
The Hiroshim Meteorological Observatory reported that immediately after the explosion, a black cloud of smoke from the ground grew and rose to a height of several thousand meters, covered the city. When the light radiation disappeared, these clouds, like gray smoke, rose up to a height of 8 thousand meters, already 5 minutes after the explosion.
One of the crew members "Enolant Gay" 20070806 / hn field. transfer. - most likely, we are talking about Robert Lewis) recorded in the magazine flight:
"9:00 A.M. Clouds were investigated. The height of 12 thousand meters and more." From afar, the cloud looks like a mushroom that is growing from the ground, with a white cap and yellowish clouds with a drier stroke at the edges. All these colors, mixing, formed a color that cannot be determined as black, nor as white, nor as red or yellow.
In Nagasaki, from the post of air defense on the island of Cowagi, that in 8 miles south of the city, immediately after a dazzling outbreak, the explosion was observed that a huge fireball was covered in the top. Around the center of the explosion, from where the black smoke was rising, the ring of an explosive wave was diverged. This fiery ring did not immediately reached the Earth. When the light radiation was dissipated, darkness dropped to the city. Smoke rose from the center of this fiery rings and in 3-4 seconds reached an height of 8 thousand meters.
After the smoke hit the height of 8 thousand meters, he began to rise slower and reached a height of 12 thousand meters for 30 seconds. Then the mass of smoke gradually discouraged and merged with the clouds.
Hiroshima burned down 
The building of the Hiroshimo Prefecture of the Grave Industry, where the goods produced in Hiroshima exhibited and exhibited, stood before the bomb explosion. The epicenter accounted for steps up over this building, and the shock wave fell on the building from above. Only the base of the dome and the bearing walls resisted after bombing. Subsequently, this building symbolized the atomic bombardment and spoke to his appearance, warning people around the world: "Don't need more Hiroshim!". The years went, and the state of the ruins deteriorated under the action of rain and wind. The social movement made the preservation of this monument, and the money began to gather from all over Japan, not to mention Hiroshima. In August 1967, the strengthening works were completed.
The bridge, located in the photo behind the building, is the Motoys Bridge. Now he is included in the ensemble of the world park.
Victims that were not far from the epicenter of the explosion 
August 6, 1945. This is one of the 6 photos, captured Hiroshima tragedy. These precious photos are made 3 hours after bombing.
In the center of the city, the firm fire has come. Both ends of one of the longest bridges in Hiroshima were eliminated by the bodies of the dead and wounded. Many of them were students high School Daiichi and women's commercial school of Hiroshima, and when the explosion thundered, they participated in the palace of the grooves, being not protected.
300-year-old camphor, pulled out explosive wave from the ground 
A large camphor tree grew on the territory of the Kokunti Reserve. According to rumors, his age was more than 300 years, and it was revered as a monument. His crown and leaves were given a shadow for tired passersby in hot days, and its roots sprouted at almost 300 meters in different directions.
However, the shock wave that fell on a tree with a force of 19 tons per square meter, broke it out of the ground. The same happened and hundreds of gravestone slabs, demolished explosive waves and scattered in the cemetery.
White building, which is in the photo in the right corner, is a branch of the Japanese bank. It resisted, as it was built from reinforced concrete and on a masonry, but only walls remained. Inside everything was destroyed by a flame.
Building from an explosive wave 
It was an hourly store located on the main business street Hiroshima, nicknamed "Chondory", which is still quite lively. The upper part of the store was performed in the form of a clock tower, so that all passers-by could check their time. So it was until the explosion thundered.
The first floor shown in this photo is the second floor. This two-story building in its structure resembles a matchbox - the carrier columns on the first floor was not - which just slammed from the explosion. Thus, the second floor was the first floor, and the entire building was tilted towards the passage of the shock wave.
In Hiroshim, there were many buildings from reinforced concrete, mostly just next to the epicenter. According to research, these strong structures had to collapse, only if they were less than 500 meters from the epicenter. Seismic buildings are also fascinated from the inside, but are not destroyed. However, be that as it may, many houses behind the radius of 500 meters were also destroyed, in particular, as it happened with the clock shop.
Destruction near the epicenter 
Around the intersection of Matsuyama, and this is completely close to the epicenter, people szhigallo alive in their last movement, to run away from the explosion. Everything that could burn is burned. Tile from the roofs crashed from the fire and was scattered everywhere, and the bomb shelter was blocked and also partly burned, or were buried under the rubble. Everything without words spoke about the terrible tragedy.
In Nagasaki records, the situation on the Matsuyam bridge was described as follows:
"A huge fireball arose in the sky right above the Matsuyama area. Together with a dazzling outbreak, a thermal radiation and a shock wave came, who instantly began to go for business and destroyed everything in their path, burning and destroying. The fire burned alive buried under the wrecks calling for the rescue. , moaning or crying.
When the fire ate himself, a colorless huge world came to replace the colorful world, looking at which it was possible to come to the conclusion that it was the end of life on Earth. Piles of ashes, debris, charred trees - all this presented a terrifying picture. The city seemed extinct. All the townspeople that were on the bridge, that is, right in the epicenter, were killed instantly, with the exception of children who were in bomb shelters. "
Cathedral of Uraks destroyed by an explosion 
The cathedral collapsed after the explosion of the atomic bomb and a lot of parishioners under him, by the will of fate praying there. It is said that the Ruins of the Cathedral were destroyed with a terrible roar and rare even with the onset of darkness. Also, according to some information, there were almost 1,400 believers in the cathedral during the bombing, and 850 were killed.
The cathedral was decorated with a large number of statues of the saints that turned into piles of stones. The photo shows the southern part of the outer wall, where there are 2 statues burned by thermal rays: the Most Holy Lady and John the Cologovo.
Factory destroyed by a shock wave. 
Steel structures of this factory were broken or tired in disorder, as if they were made of soft material. And concrete structures with sufficient strength were simply demolished. This is the evidence of which force was a shock wave. Presumably, this factory has underwent a wind blow 200 meters per second, with a pressure of 10 tons per square meter.
Shiriamskaya primary Schooldestroyed by an explosion 
Shiriam elementary school is an elementary school located closest to the epicenter. Built on a hill and surrounded by a beautiful forest, it was the most perfect school in Nagasaki, built from reinforced concrete. The breadth of the breadth was a good, quiet area, but one blast was a great place to be turned into ruins, debris and ruins.
According to records from April 1945, there were 32 class, 1500 students and 37 teachers and people of staff. On the day of bombing, the disciples were at home. At the school there were only 32 people 20070806 / HN transluxed more than 1 child of one of the teachers), 44 student gakuto hocokutai 20070806 / HNGakuto Hokokutai) and 75 workers with Mitsubishi Heiki Seyakusho 20070806 / HNMITSUBISHI Heiki Seisakusho). Just 151 people.
Of these 151 people, 52 were killed by thermal rays and a monstrous shock wave in the first seconds of the explosion, and 79 more died later from the wound gained. A total of 131 victims, and it is 89% of the total number in the building. Of the 1500 students of the houses, presumably 1400 died.
Life and death 
The day after the bombing of Nagasaki in the epicenter area there was nothing left, which could still burn. In the report of Nagasaki Prefectures O " Anti-sophisticated defense And the destruction caused by aviation beats "said:" buildings most of them burned. Almost all the districts are turned into ashes, and a huge number of victims. "
What is looking for this girl, indifferently standing on a bunch of garbage, where the coals are still smoldering during the day? Judging by her clothes, she is most likely a schoolgirl. Among all these monstrous destruction, she cannot find the place where her house was. Her eyes look into the distance. It is detached, exhausted and tired.
This girl, miraculously avoided the death, did she upheld out to old age in good health or tolerate the torment caused by the impact of residual radioactivity?
In this photo, the line between life and death is shown very brightly and accurately. The same pictures could be seen in Nagasaki at every step.
Atomic bombing Hiroshima 
Hiroshima to nuclear attack. Mosaic image made for the US strategic bomber review. Date - April 13, 1945
The clock stopped at 8:15 - the moment of the explosion in Hiroshima
View of Hiroshima from the West
Aerial view
Banking area east of the epicenter
Ruins, "Atomic House"
Top view from the Red Cross Hospital
The second floor of the building, which became the first
Station in Hiroshima, Oct. 1945
Dead trees
Shadows left by flash
Shadows from Parapete, imprinted on the surface of the bridge
Wooden sandal with shadow from the foot of the victim
Girosimian shadow on the steps of the bank
Atomic bombing of Nagasaki
Nagasaki two days before atomic bombing:
Nagasaki three days after the nuclear explosion:
Atomic mushroom over Nagasaki; Photo of chiromiti Matsuda
Cathedral Urachki.
Hospital Medical College Nagasaki
Mitsubishi torpedo plant
Surviving among the ruins
Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (6 and 9 August 1945, respectively) - the only one in the history of mankind two examples of the combat use of nuclear weapons. Implemented by the US Armed Forces at the final stage of the Second World War in order to accelerate the surrender of Japan within the Pacific Theater of the Second World War.
On the morning of August 6, 1945, the American bomber B-29 "ENOLA GAY", named so named Mother (Enola Gay Haggard) of the crew commander, Colonel of Tibbets, dropped to the Japanese city of Hiroshima atomic bomb "Little Boy" ("Kid") by equivalent 13 to 18 kiloton trotil. Three days later, on August 9, 1945, the Atomic bomb "Fat Man" ("fat man") was dropped at the city of Nagasaki by Pilot Charles Suiney, a bombard commander B-29 "Bockscar". The total number of dead was from 90 to 166 thousand people in Hiroshima and from 60 to 80 thousand people - in Nagasaki.
The shock from the US atomic bombers had a profound impact on the Prime Minister of Japan Cantaro Suzuki and at the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Japan of that Siganori, who bowed to the fact that the Japanese government should stop the war.
On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its surrender. The act of surrender, formally ending the Second World War, was signed on September 2, 1945.
The role of atomic bombing in the surrender of Japan and the ethical justification of the bombing themselves still cause sharp disputes.
Prerequisites
In September 1944, at the meeting of US President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister of British Winston Churchill in Hyde Park, an agreement was concluded, according to which the likelihood of the use of atomic weapons against Japan was envisaged.
By the summer of 1945, the United States of America, with the support of Great Britain and Canada, under the Manhattan project completed preparatory work on the creation of the first existing samples of nuclear weapons.
After three and a half years of direct US participation in World War II, about 200 thousand Americans were killed, approximately half of them - in the war against Japan. In April-June 1945, more than 12 thousand American soldiers died during the operation to seize the Japanese Island of Okinawa, 39 thousand was injured (the losses of the Japanese were from 93 to 110 thousand soldiers and over 100 thousand civilians). It was expected that the invasion of Japan itself will lead to losses, many times more than Okinawan.
Bomb layout "Baby" (eng. Little Boy), discarded on Hiroshima
May 1945: Selection of goals
During his second meeting in Los Alamos (May 10-11, 1945), the Committee on the choice of goals recommended for the use of atomic weapons Kyoto (the largest industrial center), Hiroshima (Center for Army Warehouses and Military Port), Iokohama (Military Center Industry), kokura (largest military arsenal) and Niigatu (military port and machinery center). The Committee rejected the idea of \u200b\u200bapplying this weapon against exclusively military purposes, since there was a chance to miss a small area, not surrounded by an extensive urban area.
Of great importance when choosing a goal was attached to psychological factors, such as:
achieving the maximum psychological effect against Japan,
the first use of weapons should be quite significant for international recognition of its importance. The Committee indicated that in favor of choosing Kyoto, it said that his population had a higher level of education and, thus, it was better to assess the importance of weapons. Hiroshima had such a size and location that, taking into account the focusing effect from the hills surrounding it, the force of the explosion could be increased.
Military Minister of the United States Henry Stimson struck Kyoto from the list due to the cultural significance of the city. According to Professor Edwina O. Raishauer, Stimson "knew and appreciated Kyoto since the time spent there several decades ago of the honeymoon."
Hiroshima and Nagasaki on the map of Japan
On July 16, the first successful test of atomic weapons was produced at the Polygon in New Mexico. The power of the explosion was about 21 kilotons in TNT equivalent.
On July 24, during the Potsdam Conference, US President Harry Truman told Stalin that the United States has a new weapon of unprecedented destructive power. Truman did not specify that he meant atomic weapons. According to Truman Memoram, Stalin did not show much interest, noticing only that he was glad and hopes that the United States will be able to effectively apply it against the Japanese. Churchill, who carefully observed for Stalin's reaction, remained with the opinion that Stalin did not understand the true meaning of the words of Truman and did not pay attention to him. At the same time, according to Memoomas Zhukov, Stalin perfectly understood everything, but did not give the species and in a conversation with Molotov after the meeting he noted that "it will be necessary to talk with Kurchatov about the acceleration of our work." After declassifying the operation of the American intelligence agency "Vonon", it became known that Soviet agents had long been reported on the development of nuclear weapons. According to some reports, Agent Theodore Hall a few days before the Potsdam conference reported even the planned date of the first nuclear test. This can explain why Stalin calmly perceived the message Truman. Hall worked for Soviet intelligence since 1944.
On July 25, Truman approved the order, starting from August 3, to bomb one of the following goals: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata or Nagasaki, so soon, as the weather will allow, as well as in the future - the following cities, as the bombs arrive.
On July 26, US Government, Great Britain and China signed a Potsdam Declaration, in which the requirement of the unconditional surrender of Japan was set out. The atomic bomb in the declaration was not mentioned.
The next day, Japanese newspapers reported that the declaration, the text of which was broadcast on the radio and scattered in leaflets from airplanes, was rejected. The Government of Japan did not express the desire to take ultimatum. On July 28, Cantaro Prime Minister Suzuki said at a press conference that the Potsdam Declaration was not more than the old arguments of the Cairo Declaration in the new wrapper, and demanded that it would ignore it from the government.
The emperor Hirokhito, who waited for the Soviet response to the evasive diplomatic moves of the Japanese, did not change the decision of the government. On July 31, in a conversation with Koiat Kido, he made it clear that the imperial power should be protected by at any cost.
Preparation for bombardments
During May-June 1945, the American 509th Mixed Aviation Group arrived at Tinian Island. The Basing District on the island was located a few miles from other divisions and carefully guarded.
On July 28, the head of the United Committee of the Chiefs of Headquarters George Marshall signed an order for combat application nuclear weapons. This order, developed by the head of the Manhattan project, General Major Lesli Grovs, prescribed a nuclear strike "On any day after the third of August so soon, as soon as the weather conditions are allowed." On July 29, the Commander of the US Strategic Aviation General Karl Spaths arrived at Tinian, having delivered the order of Marshall.
On July 28 and August 2, the components of the Atomic bomb "Tolstik" were brought on Tinian by airplanes (English Fat Man).
Hiroshima during World War II
Hiroshima was located on a flat terrain, slightly above sea level at the mouth of the OTA River, on the 6th islands connected by 81 bridge. The population of the city in front of the war was over 340 thousand people, which made Hiroshima seventh largest in the city of Japan. The city was located the headquarters of the Fifth Division and the second primary army of Field Marshal Sunroku Hut, who commanded the protection of the whole southern Japan. Hiroshima was an important base of supplying the Japanese army.
In Hiroshima (as well as in Nagasaki), most buildings constituted single and two-storey wooden buildings with tiled roofs. Factories were located on the outskirts of the city. Outdated fire equipment and lack of staff training has created a high danger of fire even in peacetime.
The population of Hiroshima reached a maximum of 380 thousand people during the war, but before the bombardment, the population was gradually decreased due to a systematic evacuation on the orders of the Japanese government. At the time of attack, the population was about 245 thousand people.
Bombardment
The main goal of the first American nuclear bombardment was Hiroshima (coarse and Nagasaki reserve). Although the ordered order provided for atomic bombing from August 3, until August 6, she had a cloudiness over the target.
August 6 at 1:45 PM, the American bomber B-29 under the command of the commander of the 509th mixed aviation regiment of the Colonel Paul Tibbets, the baby's atomic bomb, took off from the island of Tinian, who was about 6 hours of summer from Hiroshima. Tibbets aircraft ("ENOLA GAY") flew in the compound, which included six other aircraft: a spare aircraft ("Top Sikret"), two controllers and three scouts ("Jebit III", "Full House" and Street Flash). Commanders of intelligence aircraft sent to Nagasaki and Cocheur reported significant cloudiness over these cities. The pilot of the third intelligence aircraft, Major was overlooked, found out that the sky over Hiroshoe was clean, and sent the signal "bombing the first goal".
About seven in the morning, the network of Japanese early warning radars recorded the approach of several American aircraft sent to the southern part of Japan. Air alarm was announced and broadcasting was stopped in many cities, including Hiroshima. At about 08:00, the Radar operator in Hiroshima determined that the number of approaching aircraft was very small - perhaps no more than three, - and air alarm was canceled. Small groups of American bomber, in order to save fuel and aircraft, the Japanese were not intercepted. On the radio, a standard message was transmitted, which will wisely go to the bomb shelter if the B-29 is really noticed, and what is expected not to fall, but just some kind of intelligence.
At 08:15 of the local time B-29, being at an altitude of over 9 km, made a discharge of the atomic bomb at the Hiroshima Center.
The first public message about the event came from Washington, after sixteen hours after atomic attack on the Japanese city.
The shadow of man, at the moment of the explosion of the staircase sitting on the steps in front of the entrance to the bank, 250 meters from the epicenter
Effect of explosion
The closest to the epicenter of the explosion died instantly, their bodies turned into coal. Putting past birds burned in the air, and dry, marked materials, such as paper, ignited at a distance of up to 2 km from the epicenter. The light radiation was dotted dark drawing of clothing into the skin and left the silhouettes of human bodies on the walls. People who were outside the houses described the blinding outbreak of light, with which a wave of suffocating heat came at the same time. The explosive wave, for all those who were near the epicenter, followed almost immediately, often knocking down. As a rule, those who were in buildings, as a rule, avoided the effects of light radiation from the explosion, but not an explosive wave - the glass fragments hit most of the rooms, and all the buildings, except the most durable, collapsed. One adolescent explosive wave threw out of his house throughout the street, while the house fell behind his back. Within a few minutes, 90% of people who were at a distance of 800 meters and less from the epicenter died.
The explosive wave was knocked out a glass at a distance of 19 km. For those who were in buildings, a typical first reaction was the idea of \u200b\u200bdirect hit of air bombs.
Numerous small fires, which simultaneously arose in the city, soon merged into one big fiery tornado strong wind (speed 50-60 km / h) aimed at the epicenter. The fiery firm captured over 11 km² of the city, killing everyone who did not have time to get out during the first few minutes after the explosion.
According to the memoirs of Akiko Takacura, one of the few survivors, which were at the moment of the explosion at a distance of 300 m from the epicenter,
Three colors characterize the day for me when the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima: black, red and brown. Black, because the explosion cut off the sunlight and immersed the world into the darkness. Red was the color of blood flowing from the wounded and broken people. He was also the color of fires that burned everything in the city. Brown was the color of burned, falling off from the skin of the skin, which was exposed to light radiation from the explosion.
A few days after the explosion, the first symptoms of irradiation began to mark among the survivors. Soon the number of deaths among the survivors began to grow again, as patients who seemed to have begun to recover, began to suffer from this new strange disease. Death from radiation sickness reached a peak in 3-4 weeks after the explosion and began to decline only after 7-8 weeks. Japanese physicians considered vomiting characteristic of radiation sickness and diarrhea with symptoms of dysentery. The long-term health effects associated with irradiation, such as an increased risk of cancer, pursued survivors during the remaining life, as well as a psychological shock from experienced during an explosion.
The first person in the world, the cause of death of which the disease was officially indicated by the consequences of a nuclear explosion (radiation poisoning), became the actress Midori Nak, who survived the Hiroshimist explosion, but the deceased on August 24, 1945. Journalist Robert Jung believes that it is MIDOR's disease and its popularity among Of ordinary people allowed people to learn the truth about the "new disease". Up to the death of Midori, no one gave the values \u200b\u200bto mysterious deaths of people survived at the moment of the explosion and the circumstances of the circumstances at the time. Jung believes that Midori's death has become an incentive to accelerate research in the field of nuclear physics and medicine, which soon managed to save the lives of many people from radiation irradiation.
Awareness by the Japanese Consequences Attack
The Tokyo operator of the Broadcasting Corporation of Japan noted that the Hiroshima station ceased to serve the signal to ether. He tried to re-establish broadcast using another telephone line, but it was also failed. Approximately twenty minutes later, in the Tokyo control center of the railway telegraph, it was understood that the main telegraph branch ceased to work just north of Hiroshima. From a half-hour 16 km from Hiroshima, unofficial and confused messages about the terrible explosion came. All these messages were repaired in the bid of the Japanese General Staff.
Military Bases have repeatedly tried to call the Hiroshim Center for the management of troops. Full silence from there put up the general headquarters in a dead end, because it knew that in Hiroshima did not occur in a major enemy ride and there was no significant warehouse of explosives. The young officer from the headquarters instructed immediately to fly in Hiroshima, land, evaluate destruction and return to Tokyo with reliable information. The headquarters basically believed that nothing serious was happening there, and the reports were explained by rumors.
The officer from the headquarters went to the airport, from where he flew to the southwest. After a three-hour flight, being another 160 km from Hiroshima, he and his pilot noticed a large cloud of smoke from the bomb. There was a bright day, and Hiroshima ruins burned. Their plane soon reached the city around which they circled, without believing their eyes. Only the zone of solid destruction remained from the city, and the smoke covered with a thick cloud is still grieving. They landed to the south of the city, and the officer, saying that the happened in Tokyo immediately began to organize measures to save.
The first real understanding of the Japanese is what really caused a catastrophe, came from a public message from Washington, after sixteen hours after atomic attack on Hiroshima.
Hiroshima after atomic explosion
Losses and destruction
The amount of explosion died from the immediate effect was from 70 to 80 thousand people. By the end of 1945, due to the action of radioactive infection and other post-effects of the explosion, the total number of dead was from 90 to 166 thousand people. After 5 years, the total number of dead, taking into account the died of cancer and other long-term impacts of the explosion, could achieve or even exceed 200 thousand people.
According to official Japanese data as of March 31, 2013, 201 779 "Hibakus" - people affected by the impact of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings are listed. This number includes children born in women who have been influenced by radiation from explosions (mostly residents at the time of the calculation of data in Japan). Of these, 1%, according to the Government of Japan, had serious oncological diseases caused by radiation irradiation after bombing. The number of dead as of August 31, 2013 is about 450 thousand: 286,818 in Hiroshima and 162 083 in Nagasaki.
Nuclear pollution
The concepts of "radioactive pollution" in those years has not yet existed, and therefore this question was not even raised. People continued to live and dispose of the destroyed buildings in the same place where they were before. Even high population mortality in subsequent years, as well as diseases and genetic deviations in children born after bombing, initially did not associate with the effects of radiation. The evacuation of the population from infected areas was not carried out, since no one knew about the availability of radioactive pollution.
It is quite difficult to give an accurate assessment of the degree of this pollution due to lack of information, however, since in terms of technical terms the first atomic bombs were relatively low and imperfect (Bomb "Baby", for example, contained 64 kg of uranium, from which only approximately 700 g was reacted divisions), the level of pollution of the terrain could not be significant, although it was a serious danger to the population. For comparison: at the time of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the active zone of the reactor there were several tons of fission products and transuran elements - various radioactive isotopesaccumulated during the operation of the reactor.
Comparative safety of some buildings
Some reinforced concrete buildings in Hiroshimim were very resistant (due to the risk of earthquakes), and their frame was not collapsed, despite the fact that they were pretty close to the center of destruction in the city (epicenter of the explosion). So the brick building of the Hiroshima Industrial Chamber was secured (now widely known as the "Dome of Gambak", or the "Atomic Dome"), designed and built by Czech architect, Yan Yatsee (English), which was only 160 meters from the epicenter of the explosion (with the height of the bombing height 600 m above the surface). These ruins became the most famous exhibit of the atomic explosion in Hiroshima and in 1996 were elevated to the rank world Heritage UNESCO, despite the objections made by US and China's governments.
On August 6, after receiving the news of the successful conduct of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, US President Truman said that
We are now ready to destroy, even faster and more fully, the sooner, all the terrestrial production facilities of the Japanese in any city. We destroy their docks, their factory and their communications. Let there be no misunderstanding - we will completely destroy the ability of Japan to wage war.
It was in order to prevent the destruction of Japan, an ultimatum of July 26 in Potsdam was released. Their leadership immediately rejected his conditions. If they do not accept our conditions now, let them wait for the rain of destruction from the air like that, not yet on this planet.
After receiving the news of the nuclear bombardment of Hiroshima, the Japanese government met to discuss his reaction. Starting from June, the emperor performed for peace negotiations, but the Minister of Defense, as well as the leadership of the army and the fleet, believed that Japan should wait, would the attempts of peace talks through the Soviet Union, the results are better than unconditional capitulation. Military Guide also believed that if they succeeded to hold out before the invasion of the Japanese Islands, it would be possible to put such losses to allies that Japan would be able to win the conditions of the world other than unconditional surrender.
On August 9, the USSR declared the war of Japan and Soviet troops began the invasion of Manchuria. The hopes for mediation of the USSR were collapsed in the negotiations. The highest leadership of the Japanese army began preparations for the declaration of military situation in order to prevent any attempts by peace negotiations.
The second atomic bombing (kokura) was scheduled for August 11, but was transferred 2 days earlier to avoid a five-day period of bad weather, which was forecasting from 10 August.
Nagasaki during World War II
Nagasaki in 1945 was located in two valleys, for which two rivers flowed. The mountain range divided the areas of the city.
The development had a chaotic character: from the total area of \u200b\u200bthe city 90 km² by residential quarters was built up 12.
During World War II, the city, which represented a large seaport, acquired particular importance as an industrial center, in which steel production and shipyard of Mitsubishi, torpedo production of Mitsubishi Uraki, were concentrated. In the city, the tools, ships and other combat techniques were manufactured.
Nagasaki was not subjected to large-scale bombardments before the explosion of the atomic bomb, however, on August 1, 1945 several fugasic bombs, damaged shipyards and docks in the south-western part of the city, were reset. The bombs also fell into the steel and gun plants of Mitsubishi. The result of the raid on August 1 was partial evacuation of the population, especially schoolchildren. Nevertheless, at the time of bombing the population of the city was still about 200 thousand people.
Nagasaki before and after the atomic explosion
Bombardment
The main goal of the second American nuclear bombardment was Cockur, Spare - Nagasaki.
At 2:47 am On August 9, the American bomber B-29 under the command of Major Charles Suiini, the Tolstik's atomic bomb of the nuclear bomb took off from Tinian's island.
Unlike the first bombardment, the second was associated with numerous technical problems. Even before the takeoff, a fuel pump problem was discovered in one of the spare tanks with flammable. Despite this, the crew decided to take off, as scheduled.
At about 7:50, an air alarm was announced in Nagasaki, which was canceled at 8:30.
At 8:10, after entering the rendezvo point with other B-29, participating in the departure, the absence of one of them was discovered. For 40 minutes in-29, SUINI described circles around Randevo's point, but never waited for the emergence of a missing aircraft. At the same time, the intelligence aircraft reported that cloudy over the cockurio and Nagasaki, although it is present, still allows you to carry out bombing during visual control.
At 8:50 V-29, a used atomic bomb, headed for the cockter, where and arrived at 9:20. By this time, however, 70% cloudy was already observed over the city, which did not allow the visual bombing. After three unsuccessful goal, at 10:32 B-29 took the course on Nagasaki. By this time, due to the problem of the fuel pump, fuel only enough for one pass over Nagasaki.
At 10:53 two B-29 fell in the visibility of air defense, the Japanese accepted them for reconnaissance and did not declare a new anxiety.
At 10:56 V-29 arrived at Nagasaki, which, as it turned out, was also closed with clouds. Siini reluctantly approved a much less accurate approach to the goal of radar. At the last moment, however, the scorer-gunner Captain Kermit Bihan (English) in the lumen between the clouds noted the silhouette of the city stadium, focusing on which he made a reset of the atomic bomb.
The explosion occurred at 11:02 local time at an altitude of about 500 meters. The power of the explosion was about 21 kilotons.
Effect of explosion
Japanese boy whose top of the body was not closed during an explosion
Naskoro-targeted bomb exploded almost in the middle between the two main goals in Nagasaki, the steelmaking and guns of Mitsubishi in the south and the torpedo plant Mitsubishi-Urachki in the north. If the bomb was dropped further to the south, between business and residential areas, the damage would be much more.
In general, although the power of the atomic explosion in Nagasaki was more than in Hiroshima, the destructive effect of the explosion was less. This was facilitated by a combination of factors - the presence of hills in Nagasaki, as well as the fact that the epicenter of the explosion was above the Commons - all this helped protect some areas of the city from the effects of the explosion.
From the memories of Sumiter Tanyiguti, which at the time of the explosion was 16 years old:
I was shot down on the ground (from the bicycle), and for some time the earth shuddered. I clung to it not to be a blasphemous wave. When I looked up, the house, which I just drove, was destroyed ... I also saw a child took the blast wave. Large stones flew in the air, one hit me and then flew up into the sky again ...
When, it seemed, everything was easy, I tried to climb and discovered that on my left hand leather, from the shoulder and to the tips of the fingers, hangs like heated rags.
Losses and destruction
Atomic explosion over Nagasaki affected the area of \u200b\u200bapproximately 110 km², of which 22 fall on the aqueous surface and 84 were populated only partially.
According to the report of Nagasaki Prefecture, "People and Animals died almost instantly" at a distance of 1 km from the epicenter. Almost all houses within a radius of 2 km were destroyed, and dry, marked materials, such as paper, ignited at a distance of up to 3 km from the epicenter. Of the 52,000 buildings in Nagasaki 14,000 were destroyed and 5,400 more - seriously damaged. Only 12% of buildings remained intact. Although the city did not arise in the city, numerous local fires were observed.
The number of those killed by the end of 1945 amounted to from 60 to 80 thousand people. After 5 years, the total number of dead, taking into account the died of cancer and other long-term impacts of the explosion, could be achieved or even exceed 140 thousand people.
Plans for subsequent atomic bombing of Japan
The US government expected that another atomic bomb will be ready for use in mid-August, and three more - in September and October. On August 10, Leslie Groves, Milk Director of the Manhattan Project, sent Memorandum to George Marshall, the head of the US Army headquarters, in which he wrote that "the next bomb ... should be ready for use after August 17 - 18." On the same day, Marshall signed a memorandum, with a comment that "it should not be applied against Japan until the president's direct approval was received." At the same time, the US Department of Defense has already begun a discussion of expediency to postpone the use of bombs up to the beginning of the Downfol operation - the expected invasion of Japanese islands.
The problem in front of which we stand now is whether it is necessary, assuming that the Japanese are not capitula, continue to drop bombs as they are produced, or accumulate them in order to then reset everything in a short time interval. Not all in one day, but for a fairly short time. It is also associated with the question of what goals we are pursuing. In other words, we should not concentrate for purposes, strikes on which will most help the invasion, and not on industry, battle spirit of troops, psychology, etc. More tactical goals, and not any other.
Japan's capitulation and subsequent occupation
Until August 9, the military office continued to insist on 4 conditions of surrender. On August 9, the news came on the announcement of the war by the Soviet Union in the late evening of August 8 and the nuclear bombardment of Nagasaki at 11 o'clock in the afternoon. At the meeting of the "Great Six", held on the night of August 10, the voices on the issue of surrender were divided equally (3 "for", 3 "against"), after which the emperor intervened to the discussion, coming over to the surrender. On August 10, 1945, Japan conveyed the Allies to the proposal to surrender, the only condition of which was the preservation of the emperor with a nominal head of state.
Since the conditions of surrender allowed the preservation of the imperial power in Japan, on August 14, Hirokhito recorded his statement about the surrender (English), which was distributed by Japanese media the next day, despite the attempt of a military coup, taken by opponents of surrender.
In his announcement, Hirokhito mentioned atomic bombing:
... In addition, at the disposal of the enemy there is a new terrible weapon, capable of carrying many innocent lives and cause immeasurable material damage. If we continue to fight, it will not only lead to the collapse and the destruction of the Japanese nation, but also to the complete disappearance of human civilization.
In such a situation, how can we save millions of our subjects or justify themselves before the sacred spirit of our ancestors? For this reason, we ordered to adopt the conditions for the joint declaration of our opponents.
During the year after the end of the bombardment in Hiroshim, the contingent of American troops with a number of 40,000 people, in Nagasaki - 27,000.
Commission to study the effects of atomic explosions
In the spring of 1948, a commission for the study of the consequences of atomic explosions (English) under the United States of US National Academy of Sciences was established to study the long-term effects of the influence of radiation. Among the victims from bombing was discovered a lot of people unsportsmenized to the war, including prisoners of war, forcibly mobilized Koreans and Chinese, students from British Malayia and about 3,2-200 US citizens of Japanese origin (English).
In 1975, the Commission was dissolved, its functions were transferred to the newly created Institute for the Study of Radiation Effects (Eng. Radiation Effects Research Foundation).
Discussion about the feasibility of atomic bombing
The role of atomic bombings in the surrender of Japan and their ethical substantiation still remain a subject of scientific and public discussion. In 2005, in a review of historiography dedicated to this issue, the American historian Samuel Walker wrote that "disputes about the feasibility of bombing will definitely continue." Walker also noted that "the fundamental question for which disputes have been continuing for more than 40 years - whether these atomic bombing is needed to achieve victory in the War in the Pacific Ocean on the conditions acceptable to the United States."
Supporters of bombers usually argue that they were the reason for the surrender of Japan, and, therefore, prevented significant losses on both sides (and the United States, and Japan) with the invasion of Japan; that the rapid completion of the war has kept many lives in other Asian countries (first of all, in China); that Japan led a total war in which the differences between the military and the civilian population are erased; And that the leadership of Japan refused to capitulate, and bombing helped to move the balance of opinions inside the government towards the world. Opponents of bombing claim that they were simply an addition to the conventional bombing campaign and, thus, there was no military necessity that they were fundamentally immoral, were a war crime or manifestation of state terrorism (despite the fact that in 1945 not There existed international agreements or contracts, directly or indirectly forbidden the use of nuclear weapons as a means of warfare).
A number of researchers express the opinion that the main goal of atomic bombing was influenced by the USSR before his joining war with Japan in the Far East and demonstrate the US nuclear power.
Influence on culture
In the 1950s, the history of the Japanese girl from Hiroshima Sadako Sasaki, who was deceased in 1955 from the consequences of irradiation (leukemia) was widely fame. Already in the hospital, Sadako learned about the legend, according to which a person who has developed a thousand paper cranes can make a desire that will be fulfilled. Wanting to recover, Sadako began to fold the caravliks from any pieces of paper in her arms. According to the book "Sadako and a thousand paper cranes" (eng.) Canadian children's writer Eleanor Kaer (English), Sadako managed to add only 644 caravlik, after which, in October 1955, she died. Her girlfriends ended the remaining figures. According to the book Sadako's 4,675 Days of Life, Sadako folded a thousand cranes and continued to fold further, but later died. Based on its history, several books were written.
In the archive foreign Policy Russian Federation The Russian Foreign Ministry stored documents, access to which only the highest leaders of the USSR have previously had. These are reports on the travel of employees of Soviet long-standing in the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki shortly after atomic bombs were reset on March 6 and 9, 1945, newest weapon Mass destruction. "Baby" and "fat man", so the Americans dainted their affectionately. More than 200 thousand people died during the bombing, died from RAS and radiation sickness in the next few months.
Nuclear bombings of steel for the Japanese awful tragedy. The official authorities initially did not realize the seriousness of what happened and even announced that these were ordinary charges. But the scales and the effects of atomic explosions have become very soon.
But the landing of American troops on the Japanese islands could be followed by nuclear strikes. What would this mean for the country who has never undergoed foreign intervention? This danger really hung over Japan's only time in the XIII century, when the Marine Armada of the Mongolian Conqueror of Hubilai-Khan approached its southern shores. But then the "divine wind" (Kamikadze) twice was the Mongolian ships in the Korean Strait. In 1945, the situation was completely different: the United States was preparing for a large and long-term (up to two years) military operation on the main territory of Japan, consecrated by religious covenants (according to the oldest chronicle "Codziki", the entire Japanese archipelago was created by the progenitors of the Japanese emperor). Fighting for his country, the Japanese would have stood to death. How they can do it, the Americans felt during the battles for Okinawa.
It remains only to assume what human sacrifices would lead to the continuation of hostilities, do not announce the emperor Hirokhito on August 15, 1945 on the adoption of the conditions of the Potsdam Declaration, and do not sign Japan on September 2 of the same year of the Citulation. Wherein historical facts It is indisputable: not atomic bombs, in the end, forced Tokyo to fold the weapon. The then Prime Minister of Cantaro Suzuki acknowledged that "we experienced a huge shock from an atomic bomb explosion," but in the "hopeless position" we had an entry into the War of the Soviet Union, which made it impossible to further continue.
Add: This USSR Step helped save the lives of millions of simple Japanese.
The head of the Manhattan project Robert Oppenheimer, stunned by Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing (he said that he feels blood on his hands), did not reassure the words of the US President Harry Truman: "Nothing, it is easily washed off with water." Oppenheimer belongs to the famous statement that "we did work for the devil", and "if atomic bombs will replenish as a new weapon of the arsenals of the militant world, then the time will come when humanity will curse Los Alamos and Hirosima names." Albert Einstein, who once called the US government to develop nuclear weapons, fundamentally revised his views and urged to refuse him in his suicide will.
But what was before these insights to American politicians?
The use of the United States of the new weapon was dictated primarily by political reasons. Washington demonstrated his power to the Soviet Union and the rest of the world, his claims for the role of superpower, which will determine the course international Development. The death of several hundred thousand civilians Hiroshima and Nagasaki was considered not too high for achieving this goal.
Members of the Soviet diplomatic mission in Tokyo were one of the first foreign observers who saw the consequences of the atomic catastrophe. Their personal impressions recorded by these witness of the bombarders convey to us the echo tragedy, allow today, 70 years later, to realize the depth and horror of what happened, serve as a harsh warning about the terrible consequences of the use of nuclear weapons.
Some of these documents that are hard to read today, we offer to publish the magazine "Motherland".
ORFography and punctuation are saved.
Possed by the Ambassador of the USSR in Japan
tT. Stalin, Beria, Malenkov,
Mikoyan + me.
22. XI.45
V. Molotov
Materials on the consequences of the use of an atomic bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Descriptions of our eyewitnesses and data of the Japanese press).
September 1945
The Embassy of the USSR in Tokyo was sent a group of employees for inspection and familiarization in place with the consequences of an atomic bomb explosion in Hiroshima (Japan). Employees managed to personally inspect the place and the results of the explosion of this bomb, to talk with the local population and eyewitnesses, visit the hospital, in which people who were affected by the action of the explosion of the atomic bomb were in ceremony. All seen and heard with their personal impressions these employees were outlined in a special brief reviewplaced in the present collection.
The second group of Embassy staff and the Soviet Military Mission in Tokyo visited Nagasaki to familiarize themselves with the consequences of the application there at the atomic bomb. As part of the group was also a cellular operator of the Soyuznokhronik, who filmed the place of an explosion of the atomic bomb and the destruction caused by this explosion on a film. The report on the results of the Nagasaki inspection issues and must submit from Tokyo Major General Voronov.
The embassies are collected and translated into Russian the most significant articles from the Japanese press on the atomic bomb. Translations of these articles are also placed in the present collection.
Ambassador Ya. Malik
AVRF. F. 06. OP. 8. P. 7. D. 96.
"Only personal impressions"
Report of the Group of Embassy workers who visited Hiroshima
The atomic bomb and the destruction caused by it made a lot of impression on the population of Japan. People's Solve picks up press messages, distorts them and sometimes brings absurdity. Even the rumor has spread that at present the emergence of people in the area of \u200b\u200bthe atomic bomb rupture is associated with a danger to life. Repeatedly had to hear from the Americans and from the Japanese, that after visiting areas exposed to the atomic bomb, women lose their childbearing ability, and men fall impotence.
These conversations were warmed by radio broadcasts from San Francisco, which said that in the areas of the atomic bomb rupture, nothing could exist for seventy years.
Without trusting all these rumors and reporting and posting the task personally, to familiarize yourself with the action of an atomic bomb, a group of Embassy staff as part of the TASS Correspondent of Warsaw, the former acting Military attache of Romanova and an employee of the Sea Apparatus of Cycenin left on September 13 in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The present compressed essay is limited to the recording of conversations with the local population and affected and a brief presentation Personal impressions, without any generalizations and conclusions.
"He said that live here safely ..."
The staff of the embassy staff arrived in Hiroshim at dawn on September 14. It continuously walked heavy rain, which extremely hurt the inspection of the terrain and, most importantly, prevented photographs. The railway station and the city were destroyed to such an extent that there was no place to hide from the rain. The head of the station and its employees were lined up in a rigidly incomplete Saraj. The city is an outdated plain with a towering 15-20 isoshs of reinforced concrete buildings.
At the distance of the semi-kilometer from the station, we met an old Japanese woman who got out of the dugouts and began to rummage in a fière. To the question, in what place the atomic bomb fell, the old woman replied that there was a strong shine of lightning and a huge strength of the blow, as a result of which she fell and lost consciousness. Therefore, she does not remember where the bomb fell and what happened later.
Passing on meters 100, we saw the semblance of a canopy and hurried to hide there from the rain. Under the canopy we discovered a sleeping person. He turned out to be an elderly Japanese, building a hut on the site of the ashes of his house. He told the following:
On August 6, at about 8 am in Hiroshima, a threatened position was taken. After 10 minutes, an American plane appeared above the city and at the same time there was a lightning strike, they fell and dying. Many people died. Then fires arose. There was a clear day and the wind blew off the sea. The fire applied everywhere and even against the wind.
To the question how he stayed alive, being at home, which is located at about 1-1.5 km from the place of falling the bomb, the old man replied that he had somehow happened that he was not let the rays, but his house burned down, for The fire was rapid everywhere.
Currently, he said, live here safely. There are several tens of thousands of people on the outskirts of the city in the dugouts. It was dangerous for the first 5-10 days. In the first days, he noticed, people who came to assist the victims died. Even fish in the water in a small depth died. Plants begin to revive. I, Japanese said, redeem the garden and expect that gear would soon begin.
And indeed, on all the statements, we saw how in various places it starts to green grass and even on some burnt trees there are new leaves.
"The victim gives vitamins B and C and vegetables ..."
One of the members of our group managed to visit the Hospital of the Red Cross in Hiroshima. It is placed in a dilapidated building and it contains victims from an atomic bomb. There are burnt and received other injuries, and among them the patients delivered 15-20 days after injury. In this two-story building is up to 80 patients. They are in an unsanitary state. They have mainly burns of the open parts of the body. Many received only strong wounds with glass. At the burnt predominantly burns face, hands and feet. Some worked only in cowards and caps, so most of the body burned.
The body of burnt blacks with open wounds. All of them are obsessed with bandages and smeared with white ointment resembling zinc. The eyes are not damaged. High victims with burnt limbs did not lose the ability to move their fingers and hands. Many are injured with glass, they have deep cuts to the bone. In persons who have exposed to uncovered heads fell out. By recovery on open turtles, they begin to grow their hair with individual beams. Patients have a pale face.
One affected man 40-45 years old was at a distance of 500 meters from the fall of the bomb. He worked at some kind of electrocompany. He has up to 2700 white blood balls in one cubic cubic. He came to the hospital himself and now recover. We were not able to establish the reasons that it could be saved on such a close distance from the place of breaking bombs. It was possible only to establish that he worked with electrical equipment. He has no burns, but hair climbed. It gives vitamins B and C and vegetables. There is an increase in white blood balls.
AVRF. F. 06, OP. 8, P.7, D.96
"The doctor believes that protection against the uranium bomb - rubber ..."
On zh.d. The station our attention was attracted by a man with a bandage on his hand, on which "help victims" was written. We turned to him with the question, and he said that he was a doctor in the specialty ear, the throat, the nose and went to Hiroshima to assist the victims of the atomic bomb. This Japanese physician for the Fukuhara surname told us that the three atomic bombs with parachutes were reset on Hiroshima. According to him, he personally saw three parachutes from a distance of 14 km. Two unexploded bombs, according to the doctor, were chosen by the military and are now being studied.
Fukuhara arrived at the place of rescue work on the second day. After he drank water, he began diarrhea. Others got sick diarrhea after one and a half days. He said that the rays of the atomic bomb cause, above all, the change in blood composition. In one cubic centimeter, the blood of a healthy person said the doctor, there are 8,000 white blood balls. As a result of the impact of the atomic bomb, the amount of white blood balls decreases to 3000, 2000, 1000 and even 300 and 200. As a result, severe bleeding from the nose, throat, eye and in women uterine bleeding. The injured temperatures rises to 39-40 and 41 degrees. After 3-4 days, patients tend to die. Sulfon is used to reduce the temperature. In the treatment of victims, they are resorted to blood transfusion, the same glucose and saline is introduced. When blood transfusion is held up to 100 grams. blood.
The victims that dodged water, or water-drying in the area of \u200b\u200bthe fall of the bomb on her gap, then said the doctor, instantly died. Within 10 days after breaking the bomb there was dangerous to work: the uranium rays continued to be reduced from the ground. Now staying in those places is considered safe, the doctor said, but this question is not studied. According to him, protective clothing against the uranium bomb - rubber and a whole insulator against electricity.
During our conversation with the doctor, the old man was addressed to him for the advice. He pointed to the still did not quite healing burnt neck and asked if she would soon heal. The doctor examined the neck and said everything is in order. The old man told us that at the time of breaking the bomb he fell and felt acute pain. Consciousness did not lose. The pain felt in the future until recovered.
AVRF. F. 06, OP. 8, P.7, D.96
"Children sitting on trees in foliage, stayed alive ..."
On the way to Nagasaki, we talked with two Japanese students. They told us that one girl, a relative of one of them, a few days after the bomb break went to Hiroshima to learn about their loved ones. For a long time, on August 25, she fell ill, and two days later, i.e. August 27 died.
Circling the city by car, we threw the Japanese chauffeur with questions. He told us that on the first day of rescue work was not conducted, since the fire was rapid everywhere. Works started only on the second day. In the nearest to the rupture of the bomb area, no one stayed alive. Prisoners of war, mainly the Philipps worked at the Mitsubishi Military Plant "Heiki" and Japanese workers at the Nagasaki Seico plant. The atomic bomb said the driver, fell in the area of \u200b\u200bthe University Hospital (Urako district). The core of the hospital has been preserved. All patients of the hospital, along with the service personnel, doctors and director died.
In the area of \u200b\u200bfalling the bomb, a strong body smell: many corpses have not yet been removed from under ruins and fires. The chauffeur told us that there were cases when the children were sitting in the trees in foliage and remained alive, and those who were playing near the ground nearby, died.
AVRF. F. 06, OP. 8, P.7, D.96
The opinion of the American: "The Japanese greatly exaggerate the effectiveness of the atomic bomb ..."
Most Japanese argues that the bomb over Hiroshima was dropped on a parachute and ripped at a distance of 500-600 meters from the ground. In contrast to that, the head of the sanitary service of the fifth American fleet of Sprounses Commander Willoccatts, with whom we did the way back to Tokyo, argued that atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki were discharged without a parachute. He also denied all the possibility of the case when the atomic bomb fell without bursting. He argued that after breaking the bomb in the area of \u200b\u200bits fall safely. In his opinion, the Japanese greatly exaggerate the effectiveness of the atomic bomb.
AVRF. F. 06, OP. 8, P.7, D.96
"Even moles and worms die in the ground die"
Messages about the action of the atomic bomb appeared in Japanese printing
"MINITY" 15.8.
This study amounted to Professor Assad on the basis of the report of the Commission of Experts. The following characteristic signs of radiation are available, much says that the emitted rays are ultra-purple rays.
The people who were behind the glass windows were injured from the action of an explosive wave, but did not receive burns. This is because ultra-purple rays do not pass through the glass.
White clothing is not burned, but people dressed in a black dress or protective color, this clothing burned down. Black letters of trains timetables burned at the station, while white paper was not injured. Further, three people who were in a reinforced concrete building located at the explosion site, and kept aluminum plates in their hands, got very strong hands burns, while there were no damage to other parts of the body. This can be explained by the position of the window, in which only this part came under the ray, and the rays were reflected from the aluminum surface.
In the river with clean water, the fish were burned back, a lot of dead fish swims two days later. This is explained by the apparently that ultra-purple rays go through the water layer of several dozen centimeters.
Treatment of burns is absolutely equally with the treatment of ordinary burns. Usually helps vegetable oil or diluted twice or threefold sea \u200b\u200bwater. It should be especially paid to the fact that with a long stay on the site of the bowl of the atomic bomb, it turns out to be a very poor effect on the body due to the resulting radiation.
AVRF. F. 06, OP. 8, P.7, D.96
Four death radius
Destructive atomic bomb
"MINITY" 29.8.
In Hiroshima, all people and animals, as well as all living beings, were destroyed, killed or injured within a radius of 5 km. From the place of breaking bombs. According to August 22, the number of killed in Hiroshim is more than 60,000 people. The wounded die one by one, and this figure is increasingly growing. Most of the wounded suffered from burns, however, these burns are not ordinary burns: blood balls are destroyed due to the special action of uranium. People who received such burns are gradually dying. The number of victims is currently more than 120,000 people; This figure decreases, as these people are gradually dying.
Even moles and worms die in the ground die; This happens because uranium penetrates into the ground, radiates radioactive rays. Those who appear in the affected area even after the plaque, there is some disorder of the body. As the radio transmission from the USA: "No living creature can live in Hiroshima and Nagasaki even 70 years old."
1. Within a radius of 100 m. From the explosion site.
Victims among the population. The outside - killed, the insides were falling out, burned. Inside the premises: inside wooden buildings - killed; In reinforced concrete buildings, serious injuries (burns, bruises, cuts of glass fragments) were obtained; In fragile shelters - killed.
2. Destruction within a radius from 100 meters to 2 km.
Victims among the population: those who were outdoors were killed or seriously injured, some eyes came out of the orbits. Many many got burns. The indoors inside the premises are crushed and burned in homes; With iron cable - many are injured by glass fragments, they got burns, some were thrown into the street. In shelters - remained safe, but some were discarded together with chairs on which they were sitting.
The area of \u200b\u200bpartial destruction within a radius from 2 to 4 km. From the place of gap.
Victims among the population: those who were outdoors received burns, indoors are lightweight, in shelters - remained unharmed.
AVRF. F. 06, OP. 8, P.7, D.96
Dead tram.
Episodes of the consequences of bombardment.
"MINITY" 15.8.
In addition to official messages about the destructive strength of the atomic bomb, a description of a number of episodes appeared in Japanese printing, where various points of bombardment and its consequences are given.
"Not far from the place of the rupture is the burnt esks of the tram. If you look out, there are people inside the tram. However, if you get closer, then you can see that it is the corpses. The ray of a new bomb hit the tram and, together with an explosive wave, made his job. Those who sat on the benches, remained in the same form, those who stood - hung on the straps for which they held during the tram. Of the few dozen people, no one left death in this narrow tram car.
Here is a place where national-volunteer detachments and student detachments worked on the demolition of buildings intended for dispersal. The rays from the new bomb fell on their skin and in one moment I walked it. Many people have fallen at this place, they never got up again. From a fire, which then originated, they burned without a balance.
There was a case when one group, putting iron helmets, began to fight fire. At this place could be seen then the remains of the helmets in which they found the bones of human heads.
Burned one a famous person. His wife and daughter ran out of the house, which was destroyed by an explosive wave. They heard a husband's voice calling for help. They themselves could not do anything and ran for the help of the police station. When they returned, there were pillars of fire and smoke at home.
AVRF. F. 06, OP. 8, P.7, D.96
"Before the death of the wounded retains complete consciousness ..."
Correspondence from Hiroshim Speccore "Matsuo
"Asahi", 23.8
At the Hiroshim station, which was considered one of the best stations of the Tsyujok district, there is nothing, only the rails shine in the moonlight. I had to spend the night in the field before the station; The night was hot and stuffy, but despite this, not a single mosquito was noticeable.
The next morning inspected a potato field located on the place where the bomb was broken. There is no leaf nor the grass on the field. In the center of the city there were only the core of large reinforced concrete buildings of Fukuya department store, banks of banks - Nippon Ginko, Sumito Ginko, the editorial office of the newspaper "Syugokun". The rest of the houses turned into a pile of tiles.
The affected parts of the burning burns are covered with red ulcers. The crowds fled from the scene of fires resembled the crowds of the dead who came from the world. Although these victims received a medical care and drugs were introduced into the outer parts of their wounds, they are still due to the destruction of the cells, they gradually died. Initially, they said that 10 thousand were killed, and then their number more and more increased and reached 100 thousand, as they transmit. Until the death of the wounded retains complete consciousness, many of them continue to begging "kill me as soon as possible."
AVRF. F. 06, OP. 8, P.7, D.96
"The wounded can not be cured ..."
"Asahi", 23.8
Since the burn is due to the action of ultra-violet rays, it is not felt at first. After two hours appear on the body of water bubbles. Despite the fact that immediately after the bombardment, medicines from Kura and Okayam were sent and there was no lack of in them, after all, the number of dead continuously increases. The American radio at that time announced: "Hiroshima became a region in which neither people nor animals could not live on 75 years old. Such actions as the parcel of experts in this area are equivalent to suicide."
As a result of the destruction of uranium atoms, countless uranium particles occur. The presence of uranium can be easily detected if you get closer to the affected area with the Gagig Muller measuring tube, the arrow of which shows an extraordinary deviation. This uranium has a bad effect on the human body and is the cause of such an increase in deaths. The study of the red and white blood balls is the following: the blood of soldiers engaged in the restoration of the Western military landfill (at a distance of 1 km from the place of the bomb explosion a week after the bombing). Among the surveyed 33 people 10 people had burns, 1150 white blood balls were installed at the burnt - 3800, which gives a large reduction compared to 7-8 thousand balls from a normal healthy person.
As for the red blood balls, there were 3,650,000 who were burned down, 3,940,000 were in healthy - 3,940,000, while normal healthy people have from 4.5 to 5 million red blood balls. As a result, the wounded cannot be cured because they are in Hiroshima. They have headaches, dizziness, poor heart activity, lack of appetite, bad taste sensations in the mouth, detention of natural recipients. The presence of uranium inflicts a big blow to the restoration of the city of Hiroshima.
AVRF. F. 06, OP. 8, P.7, D.96
"The brutal character applied by American aviation ..."
Article Professor of Tokyo University Zudzuki.
"Asahi", 23.8
From the editorial From the article placed below, the brutal nature applied by American aviation in Hiroshima is visible. The luminaries of our medical world could not save the lives of the young artist, the wife of the famous artist Maruyam, who toured with his mobile tube in Hiroshima. Of the 17 members of this troupe 13 died on the spot, the other four were taken to the hospital at the University of Tokyo.
"The patient was a very healthy woman about 30 years old. The hospital entered the hospital on the 10th day after injured. For these 10 days, in addition to the extreme absence of appetite, there were no pronounced signs of the disease. She was wounded in Hiroshima, and was 2 "The floor of the building in the area of \u200b\u200bFukua's house, near the place of gap of an atomic bomb. When the collapse of the house, she got a slight wound in his back, nor burns, no fractures. After the injury, the patient was selected to the train and returned to Tokyo.
After arriving in Tokyo, weakness increased every day, there was a complete absence of appetite, the patient saw only water. After it was placed in the hospital, a study was conducted, and large changes were discovered. Namely, the extreme lack of white blood cells was revealed; As a rule, should be 1 cu. mm. From 6 to 8 thousand. Taurus, but only 500-600 is discovered, only 1/10 norms. Their resistance was significantly weakened. On the 4th day of receipt of the hospital, just two weeks after the injury, the patient began to fall out. At the same time, the abrasion on his back suddenly complicated. The blood transfusion was immediately made, another help was provided, and the patient became quite cheerful and healthy.
However, on August 24, on the 19th day after injury, the patient died suddenly. As a result of autopsy, remarkable changes were found in the courses. Namely, the bone marrow, which is an apparatus producing blood balls, liver, spleen, kidneys, lymphatic vessels, damaged bone marrow. It is determined that these damage is absolutely the same with damage resulting from the use of radium x-rays or radium rays. It was previously believed that the action of the atomic bomb bobbo: the destruction of the blast wave and burns of the heat rays. Now the damage caused by the action of radiating substances is added to this.
AVRF. F. 06, OP. 8, P.7, D.96
A year after the trip of Soviet diplomats, in September 1946 another Soviet representative visited the tragedy. We publish fragments of written and photographic reports of an employee of the Soviet Representative Office in the Union Council for Japan - Senior Assistant Political Council V.A. Glinkina.
(AVPRF F. 0146, OP. 30, P.280, d.13)
During World War II on August 6, 1945 at 8.15 am, the US B-29 bombing bombing Bomb was reset at Hiroshima, Japan. About 140,000 people died during an explosion and died over the next months. Three days later, when the United States dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, about 80,000 people were killed.
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On August 15, Japan capitulated, putting this end of World War II. To date, this bombardment of Hiroshima and Nagasaki remains the only case of nuclear weapons in the history of mankind.
The US government decided to lose bombs, considering that this will speed up the end of the war and there will be no need to conduct long-term bloody fights on the main island of Japan. Japan has tried hard to control two islands, Jim and Okinawa, when the allies approached.
These wristwatches found among the ruins stopped at 8.15 in the morning on August 6, 1945 - during an explosion of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima.
The flying fortress "Enola Gay" comes to landing on August 6, 1945 on the basis of Tinian Island after the bombardment of Hiroshima.
In this photo, which was made public in 1960 by the US government, the atomic bomb "Baby" (Little Boy) was captured, which on August 6, 1945 was discarded on Hiroshima. Bomb size 73 cm in diameter, 3.2 m in length. It weighed 4 tons, and the power of the explosion reached 20,000 tons in T-natal equivalent.
At this picture provided by the US Air Force, the main team of the bombarder of the B-29 "Enola Gay", from which the nuclear bomb "Kid" was reset on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Pilot Colonel Paul V. Taibbets stands in the center. Photo taken on the Mariana Islands. It was the first way to use nuclear weapons during hostilities in the history of mankind.
The 20000 feet height rises over the Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 after the atomic bomb was reset during hostilities.
In this photo, made on August 6, 1945 from the city of Yoshiura, located on the other side of the mountains north of Hiroshima, see the smoke, rising after the explosion of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima. The picture was made by the Australian engineer from Kura, Japan. The stains left on the negative radiation almost destroyed the picture.
The survivors after the explosion of the atomic bomb, first used during military operations on August 6, 1945, expect medical care in Hiroshima, Japan. As a result of the explosion, 60,000 people died at the same moment, tens of thousands died later due to irradiation.
August 6, 1945. In the photo: Military physicians remain in the living residents of Hiroshima provide first assistance shortly after the atomic bomb was reset, applied in hostilities for the first time in history.
After an atomic bomb explosion on August 6, 1945, only ruins remained in Hiroshima. Nuclear weapons were applied to accelerate the capitulation of Japan and complete the second world war, for which the US President Harry Truman was given an order to use nuclear weapon With a capacity of 20,000 tons in TNT equivalent. Japan's capitulation occurred on August 14, 1945.
On August 7, 1945, the day after the explosion of the atomic bomb, smoke is steles above the ruins in Hiroshima, Japan.
President Harry Truman (on the photo on the left) at his desk in the White House next to the Military Minister Henry L. Fixon after returning from the Potsdam Conference. They discusses the atomic bomb, discharged on Hiroshima, Japan.
People survivors after the Nagasaki atomic bombing people are among the ruins, on the background of raging fire in the background, August 9, 1945.
The crew members of the B-29 "The Great Artiste" bombarder, which dropped the atomic bomb on Nagasaki, surrounded by Major Charles V. Suinnie in North Quinsi, Massachusetts. All crew members participated in the historic bombing. From left to right: Sergeant R. Gallahher, Chicago; Headquarters A. M. Shpizer, Bronx, New York; Captain S. D. Albury, Miami, Florida; Captain J.F. Van Pelet Jr., Oek Hill, West Virginia; Lieutenant F. J. Alivi, Chicago; Headquarters Sergeant E.K. Buckley, Lisbon, Ohio; Sergeant A. T.Degart, Plainview, Texas and Senior Sergeant J. D. Keparack, Columbus, Nebraska.
This photo of the atomic bomb, exploded over Nagasaki, Japan, during World War II, was made public by the Commission on nuclear power and the US Department of Defense in Washington on December 6, 1960. The bomb "Tolstik" ("Fat MAN") was a length of 3.25 m, and a diameter of 1.54 m, its weight was 4.6 tons. The power of the explosion reached about 20 kilotons in Ttatile Equivalent.
A huge pole of smoke rises into the air after the explosion of the second atomic bomb in the port city of Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. As a result of the explosion of a bomb dropped by a bomber air force US Army B-29 Bockscar, more than 70 thousand people died immediately, tens of thousands died later as a result of irradiation.
Huge nuclear mushroom over Nagasaki, Japan, August 9, 1945, after the US bomber dropped at the city atomic bomb. The nuclear explosion over Nagasaki occurred three days after the United States dropped the first atomic bomb in the history of the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
The boy carries his brother's burns on his back, August 10, 1945 in Nagasaki, Japan. Similar photos were not promulgated by the Japanese side, but after the end of the war they were shown by the world media by UN staff.
The boom was installed at the site of the fall of the atomic bomb in Nagasaki on August 10, 1945. Most of the affected area to this day is empty, the trees remained charred and disadvantaged, the reconstruction was almost not carried out.
Japanese workers disassemble the roasters on the affected territory in Nagasaki, the industrial city, located in the south-west of the Island of Kyushu, after the atomic bomb was reset on August 9. In the background you can see a smoke trumpet and a lonely building, on the front - ruins. The snapshot taken from the archive of the Japanese news agency DOMEI.
As can be seen in this photo, which was made on September 5, 1945, several concrete and steel buildings and bridges remained intact after the United States reset the atomic bomb to the Japanese city of Hiroshima during World War II.
A month after on August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb exploded, a journalist examines the ruins in Hiroshima, Japan.
The victim of the explosion of the first atomic bomb at the Department of the First Military Hospital in Udzina in September 1945. Thermal radiation, resulting from an explosion, burned onto the back of this woman drawing with kimono fabric.
Most territories of Hiroshima were erased from the face of the earth by an atomic bomb explosion. This is the first aerial photography after the explosion, taken on September 1, 1945.
The territory around Sano-Shoray-Kan (Trade Assistance Center) in Hiroshima turned into ruins after an atomic bomb explosion 100 meters from here in 1945.
The correspondent stands among the ruins in front of the core building, which was a city theater, in Hiroshima on September 8, 1945, a month after the first atomic bomb was reset by the United States to speed up the capitulation of Japan.
Ruins and a lonely frame of a building after an atomic bomb explosion over Hiroshima. Photo Made on September 8, 1945.
Very few buildings remained in devastated Hiroshima, the Japanese city, which was destroyed to the foundation as a result of an explosion of an atomic bomb, as seen in this photo taken on September 8, 1945. (AP Photo)
September 8, 1945. People go along the cleared road among the ruins formed after the explosion of the first atomic bomb in Hiroshima on August 6 of the same year.
The Japanese discovered among the ruins of a debris of a children's tricycle in Nagasaki, September 17, 1945. The nuclear bomb dropped on the city on August 9, almost everything in a radius of 6 kilometers and took the lives of thousands of civilians.
In this photo, which was provided by the Japanese Association of Photographers of the consequences of the nuclear explosion in Hiroshima (Association of The Atomic (Bomb) Destruction of Hiroshima), - the victim of the atomic explosion. A man is located in Quarantine on Ninoshima Island in Hiroshima, Japan, 9 kilometers from the epicenter of the explosion, the next day after the United States has dropped an atomic bomb to the city.
Tram (at the top in the center) and his dead passengers after the bomb explosion over Nagasaki on August 9. Photo taken on September 1, 1945.
People will be afraid lying on the paths of the tram at the crossyasho crossroads in Hiroshim some time after the atomic bomb was reset.
In this photo provided by the Japanese association of photographers of the consequences of the nuclear explosion in Hiroshima (Bomb) Destruction of Hiroshima, - the victims of the atomic explosion, which are located in the Hiroshima Military Hospital, located on the shore OTA rivers are 1150 meters from the epicenter of the explosion, August 7, 1945. The photo is made the day after the United States dropped the first atomic bomb to the city.
View of Khachobori Street in Hiroshima soon after a bomb was dropped on the Japanese city.
The Catholic Cathedral of Urachki in Nagasaki, photographed on September 13, 1945, was destroyed as a result of an explosion of an atomic bomb.
The Japanese soldier wanders among the ruins in search of suitable for processing materials in Nagasaki on September 13, 1945, just over a month after the atomic bomb exploded over the city.
A man with a loaded bike on the road cleared from the ruins in Nagasaki on September 13, 1945, a month after the explosion of the atomic bomb.
September 14, 1945, the Japanese are trying to drive along the streets of Nagasaki's ruins on the outskirts of Nagasaki, over which the nuclear bomb exploded.
This area of \u200b\u200bNagasaki was once built up with industrial buildings and small residential buildings. In the background, the ruins of the Mitsubishi plant and the concrete building of the school, which was at the foot of the hill.
At the top shot, the revived city of Nagasaki to the explosion is shown, and on the bottom - the wasteland after the explosion of the atomic bomb. Circles measure the distance from the explosion point.
The Japanese family eats rice in a halate, built of wreckage left at the place where their home was once in Nagasaki, September 14, 1945.
These chaolars, photographed on September 14, 1945, were built of wreckage of buildings that were destroyed as a result of an atomic bomb explosion discarded on Nagasaki.
In the Ginsa region of Nagasaki, who was an analogue of New York Fifth Avenue, shop owners destroyed by the explosion of a nuclear bomb sell their goods on sidewalks, September 30, 1945.
The sacred gate of Torii at the entrance to the fully destroyed Shinto temple in Nagasaki in October 1945.
Service in the Protestant Church of Nagarakaw after the atomic bomb destroyed the church in Hiroshima, 1945.
A young man suffered after the explosion of the second atomic bomb, in the city of Nagasaki.
Major Thomas Ferebie, on the left, from Muscovite and Captain Kermit Bihan, on the right, from Houston, speak at a hotel in Washington, February 6, 1946. Ferebie is that man who threw a bomb on Hiroshima, and his interlocutor threw a bomb on Nagasaki.
As Kyckawa shows their keloid scars, which remained after the treatment of burns obtained during an explosion of an atomic bomb in Hiroshima at the end of World War II. The photo is made in the Red Cross Hospital June 5, 1947.
Akira Yamaguchi shows her scars left after the treatment of burns obtained during the explosion of a nuclear bomb in Hiroshima.
On the body of Jeans, the Terrawam, who remained alive after the explosion of the first in the history of the atomic bomb, remained numerous scars from burns, Hiroshima, June 1947.
Pilot Colonel Paul V. Taibbets waves with a hand from the cabin of his bombarder on the basis located on the island of Tinian, August 6, 1945, before departure, the purpose of which was to reset the first atomic bomb in Hiroshima, Japan. The day before, Tibbets called the flying fortress in-29 "Enology Gay" in honor of his mother.
