Mikhail Lunin Decembrist Personal Life. One who worried people. I know: the destruction is waiting

Born on December 29, 1787 in St. Petersburg in the noble family. Got a home education. In 1803 he entered the military service in the Life Guard, HECHERSHIR RAK, in 1805 he moved to Kavaleargard. Participated in the Austerlitsky battle (1805), Prussian campaign (1807), Patriotic War 1812 and foreign campaigns of the Russian army (1813-1814).

For the Borodino battle was awarded a golden sword with the inscription: "For courage." In 1815, Rothmistra retired. Next year entered the first secret political organization Union of salvation. In 1816-1817. He lived in Paris, where he met A. Saint-Simon and moved to Catholicism. After the death of the Father (1817) returned to Russia. In 1818, he became a member of the founder of the secret organization Union of prosperity, was part of his indigenous council and, as a supporter of the republic, the first made the project of the Tsarubiyism. After the elimination of the union of prosperity (1821)

Lunin is one of the creators and leaders of the Northern Society. In early 1822, he returned to military service, in 1824-1825. He served in Warsaw commander of the squadron of the Grodno Gusar Regiment and at the same time he was an adjutant of the governor of Poland - the Grand Prince Konstantin Pavlovich. After the uprising on the Senate Square on December 14, 1825, Lunin was supervised in Warsaw.

Despite the intercession of the Grand Duke, on April 9, 1826, he was arrested, brought to St. Petersburg and the Supreme Criminal Court was convicted of the 2nd category (political death and eternal catguard, subsequently abbreviated to a 10-year term).

I was serving a conclusion in the Sveaborg Fortress (now the city of Suonmenlinna in Sweden; 1826-1827) and Vyborg Castle (1827-1828); It was located on religious works in Chita (1828-1830) and the Petrovsky plant (now the city of Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky; 1830-1836).

In June 1836 he went to the settlement in the village of Urik near Irkutsk. For sharp letters about Russian orders, as well as for the search discovered during the search, an essay "A glance at the Secret Society in Russia (1816-1826)" was arrested (March 27, 1841) and was concluded in an Akatuyan prison.

, Lieba Guard lieutenant colonel (1822), Catholic.

Biography

M. S. Lunin was born in the family of a valid Stat adviser and a rich Tambov-Saratov landowner who had 1200 fortress shower - Sergey Mikhailovich Lunina (1760-1817) and Fedoseja Nikitichna Muravyeva (1760-1792), Sisters of the writer M. Muravyov. Got a home education. He except French, also knew English well, Polish, latin language. He was raised, according to his own words, in Catholicism, one of his teachers - Abbat Voville. IN early years Lunin spent most of his free time in his uncle's house, Mikhail Muravyov, one of the educated people of their time.

In 1815, M. S. Lunin resigned with military service. Fired from the cavalry regiment on September 14, 1815. A duel was served as a formal reason with the "Some Pole." S. B. Okun noted: "Alexander, whose time he had a completely definite impression of Lunin, ... Just decided to get rid of a person, whose behavior testified to the reluctance to put up with the existing orders and all the actions of which were the character of an open protest."

In 1816, in St. Petersburg, he joined the "Union of Salvation", and in the future he was one of the founders of the "Union of Benencies", after the cessation of the activities of which Lunin became a member of the Northern Secret Society.

The wist of sharp famous
Selected members of this family
In restless Nikita,
In cautious Ilya.
Mars, Vakha and Venus,
A sharply Lunin offered
His decisive measures
And inspired muttered.
Read my noelie Pushkin,
Melancholic Yakushkin,
It seemed silently
Tsarubio dagger.

At the meeting of the members of the Union in 1816, Lunin said that it was not difficult to arrange a plot and kill Alexander I on the Tsarskoye Road, according to which he usually drives without great security. To do this, it is enough to collect a group of decisive people and put them in a mask (so that the satellites of the king do not recognize the killers).

In 1816, Lunin went abroad and lived in Paris, earning lessons and preparation of past. In Paris, he met A. Sen-Simon. In 1817, after the death of his father, becoming the heir to a great condition, returned to Russia. In 1822, M. S. Lunin entered the service in the Leib Guard Grodno Gusar Regiment. He was appointed an adjutant of the Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, who was the commander-in-chief of the Warsaw Military District.

After 1822, Lunin moved away from the ideas of the founders of the movement, remaining a commitment to the need for political change in Russia, and above all - the liberation of peasants. He, basically, rejected the methods offered by the participants of the secret societies, which seemed unacceptable Lunina.

The Investigative Committee Lunin said: "I put myself the invariable rule to call anyone in order." The fact of his participation in the secret society did not deny.

In 1826, M. S. Lunin was condemned mainly for the rearness plan of 1816. Sentenced to a lifetime cautor. On July 10, 1826, the carriage period is reduced to 20 years, according to Manifesto from August 22, 1826 - up to 15 years, followed by a settlement in Siberia forever. In 1832, the cautious term was reduced to 10 years.

Lunin's letters from Siberia

In 1837, Lunin creates a series of political letters addressed to the sister: he set out to write the history of the Decembrist movement, it was assumed that the letters would be known to a wide range of readers. In early 1838, he writes "Search Historical" (Short Review of the past Russian state) In September 1838, "A look at the Russian secret society from 1816 to 1826" (Essay on the history of secret societies), in November 1839 "The analysis of the report submitted by the emperor by the secret commission of 1826" (Contains a critical study of the "report" and the view of the author to the Decembristian movement with the designation of its true goals). Lunin planned to write "Disbanding the activities of the Supreme Criminal Court" for which he asked sister to send documents and materials relating to the uprising on December 14: Publications of newspapers, eyewitness stories. The idea was not carried out, since Lunin did not receive the required materials.

Arrest and conclusion in Akatuoy

In Irkutsk there was a circle of distributors of the compositions of Lunin: teachers of local schools of cranes and hooks, Cossack officer of Cherepanov, Decembrist P. F. Vomotsky. The official of special instructions in the Irkutsk Governor Rupete Asspensky saw a list of one of the works of Lunin at Zhuravlev, took it allegedly for reading, removed the copy and sent with the report A. H. Benkendorf. On the night of March 26 March 27, 1841, Lunin was arrested, his papers were withdrawn. Lunin himself is exiled to Akatuyan prison.

Lunin was not at all surprised to her new arrest; He always expected that he was put back in prison again, and he always said that he had to finish his life in prison, although he was very loved to freely wander with a gun and spent most of his life on the hunt. Once I was in Him on Holie, and he asked me that in my opinion I would follow him for his letters to the sister? I replied that for four months it took, as he resumed correspondence, and if so far, there was no consequences, then it is probably no and will not continue. It grumbled it; He began to prove that this could not be and that he would certainly be driving him in prison that he should end his life in prison.
According to the memories of Lviv, he managed to negotiate with an officer who accompanied Lunin about stopping horses for a while in the forest under Irkutsky so that friends could meet him. In 30 versts, near the postal road, Maria and Sergey Volkonsky were arrested, Artamon Muravyov, Yakubovich and Panov. Judging by the story of Lviv, in the same place, Mikhail Sergeyevich was transferred to 1000 rubles by assignments, which Volkonskaya sewed in a fur coat designed to him. The fact of the meeting is confirmed by the letter of Lunina Volkonsky dated January 30, 1842. The fact of transfer of money - the results of the search of Lunin in Urika (then he was found only 20 rubles by the assemilations) and in Akatuu (1000 rubles by assignments, according to him, received "from relatives at different times."
On December 3, 1845, Lunin died in prison. By official versionThe cause of death was an apoplexy blow. Contemporaries, and later S. B. Okun and N. Ya. Eidelman believed that Lunin was killed.

Addresses in St. Petersburg

1814-1815, 1817-1822 - Riga Prospekt, 76 (st. Stepana Razin, 6). Monument of the history of federal significance;

1815-1816 - House Dubetskoy - Trading Street, 14.

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Notes

, from. 10.

Lunin M. S. Letters from Siberia. - M., 1988. - P. 240. The teacher of Lunina was Maller, while the famous teacher in Moscow. He was a teacher of his friend Lunin Chicherin. Under the assumption of N. Ya. Eidelman, in the Catholicism of Lunin and his brother Nikita were drawn in childhood as an educator-French, Abbat Voville.

, from. 8, 10.

For example, during the Austerlitsky battle in the famous attack of the cavalo charts described by Lv's Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace".

V. V. Veresov "Satellites Pushkin", Moscow, 1993, p. 194: "He wrote a letter to the commander-in-chief of Barclay de Toll and offered, send him to the parliamentary to Napoleon; He was taken by filing the emperor of the French paper, put him in the rank of the dagger. "

, from. eleven.

, from. 22.

As N. Ya. Eidelman writes, "Pestel, apparently, designed Lunina a place at the head of the" doomed cohort "," that is, those who had to kill the king and the heir - the Grand Duke Constantine, and then take the blame for themselves. However, Lunin may not even know about such a pestboat regarding themselves. And in the future, Lunin moved away from the point of view of the need for rearness.

, from. 262.

, from. 266-261.

, from. 243.

, from. 243-244.

Literature

Gusev V. Legend of Blue Husar: Tale of Mikhail Lunin. - M.: Policy, 1976. - (Flame Revolutionaries) - 389 p., Il. The same - M.: Politicization, 1980. - 389 p.: Il.

Lunin M. S. Letters from Siberia / Ed. Premium. I. A. Zhevakova, N. Ya. Eidelman. - M.: Science, 1987. - 496 p.

Decembrist M. S. Lunin. - L.: LSU, 1985. - 280 s.

Gamzakova T. Decembrist Mikhail Lunin // "Truth and Life". - 1992. - № 7-8.

N. Ya. Eidelman. M. S. Lunin and its Siberian writings. // In KN: Letters from Siberia. - M.: Science, 1987. - P. 301-352.

E. S. Uvarova. Letter-memory of M. S. Lunine. // In KN: Letters from Siberia. - M.: Science, 1987. - P. 286-289.

Monhibrists memoirs. Northern Society / Sost., General Ed., ENTER. Article and Comm. prof. V. A. Fedorova. - m.: Moscow State University, 1981.

Tsimbaeva E. N. Russian Catholicism. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe Volumeful Unity in Russia of the XIX century; 2nd ed., Avd., Extras - M., Lki, 2008. - 208 p.

Links

N. Eidelman.

Edward Radzinsky.

Zavalishin D. I.

Excerpt characterizing Lunin, Mikhail Sergeevich
Between the tools, at the height, stood in front of the head of Ariergard General with a community officer, examining the terrain in the pipe. Somewhat was sitting on the trot of the gun Nesvitsky, sent from the commander-in-chief to Ariergard.
The Cossack, who was accompanied by Nesvitsky, gave a handbag and a flask, and Nesvitsky treated officers with pies and a real doppelkumuel. The officers joyfully surrounded him, who knees who sit on Turkish on wet grass.
"Yes, not a fool was this Austrian prince that the castle lined up here. Nice place. What do you do not eat, gentlemen? - said Nesvitsky.
- Poorly thank you, Prince, "one of the officers answered, with pleasure talking to such an important staff official. - Beautiful place. We passed by the Park itself, two deer saw, and what a wonderful house!
- Look, Prince, "said another pate, but it was conspicuous, and which therefore pretended that he looked around the terrain," see our infantry there. Won there, on the meadow, behind the village, three are talling something. . They run this palace, "he said with visible approval.
"And that, and that," said Nesvitsky. "No, but what I wanted," he added, the birthday of the pie in his beautiful wet mouth, "so climb it there."
He pointed to the monastery with the towers, visible on the mountain. He smiled, his eyes narrowed and lit up.
- But it would be nice, gentlemen!
The officers laughed.
- If you would interfast these monasters. Italian, they say, there are young. Right, five years of life would give!
"They are boring," laughing, the officer said, who was a bed.
Meanwhile, the Sweet officer, who stood ahead, indicated something to General; The general looked at the auditorium.
"Well, it is, and there is," the general said angrily, lowering the handset from the eyes and shrugging, "so there is, they will be hit by crossing. And what do they break there?
On the side of the side, the enemy was visible and his battery was visible, from which the milky white smoke appeared. Following the haze, a distant shot was heard, and it was seen how our troops knew on the crossing.
Nesvitsky, hanging out, rose and, smiling, approached the general.
- Does it want to eat your Excellency? - he said.
"It's not good," said General, not answering him, "we were tested.
- Do not go, is your Excellency? - said Nesvitsky.
- Yes, please go, please, - said the general, repeating what was ordered to be detailed already in detail - and tell Husar, so that they laugh and lit the bridge, as I ordered, so that the combustible materials on the bridge still inspect.
"Very good," Nesvitsky answered.
He clicked the Cossack with a horse, ordered to remove the handbag and the flask and easily threw his heavy body on the saddle.
"Right, will come to monastery," he said to the officers, with a smile looked at him, and drove along the curly path under the mountain.
- Nut ka, where comes, captain, enough ka! - said the general, turning to the artillertist. - Have a boredom.
- Delivery to the tools! - commanded an officer.
And in a minute, the artilleryrs ran out of fires and charged.
- First! - the team heard.
Boyko bounced the 1st number. Metallic, stunning, clogged to the gun, and through our heads under the mountain, whistling, flew by a pomegranate and, far from the fleshing before the enemy, the smoke showed the place of his fall and burst.
Persons soldiers and officers have fun at the same sound; All rose and engaged in observations over visible, as on the palm, movements at the bottom of our troops and ahead of the movements of the approaching enemy. The sun at the same moment completely out of the clouds, and this beautiful sound of a lonely shot and glitter of the bright sun merged into one cheerful and fun impression.
Over the bridge, two enemy nuclei have already flying, and the bridge was a crush. In the middle of the bridge, tears from the horse, pressed by their thick body to the railing, stood Prince Nesvitsky.
He dares, looked back at his Cossack, who with two horses stood several steps behind him.
Just Prince Nesvitsky wanted to move forward, as again the soldiers and carts were picked up on him and again pressed him to the railings, and he had nothing left to smile.
- Ecco you, brother, mine! - said the Cossack to the Furshtati soldier with a wagon, wrapped on the crowned V of the whites and horses of the infantry, - Ecca you! No to wait: you see, to get to the general.
But Furstat, not paying attention to the name of the general, shouted to the soldiers who drove him the road: - Hey! Falls! Hold on to the left, wait! "But countrymen, crowing the shoulder with a shoulder, clinging to the bayonets and not interrupting, moved the same solid mass along the bridge. Looking for the railing down, Prince Nesvitsky saw fast, noisy, low waves of the Ens, who, merging, Ryabya and bending around the piles of the bridge, distilled one different. Looking at the bridge, he saw such a monotonous live waves of soldiers, Kutasi, Kiiver with covers, wovents, bayonets, long rifles and from under the civerers of the face with wide cheekbones, wounded cheeks and carelessly with stupid expressions and moving legs on a straight mud . Sometimes between the same waves of soldiers, like a white foam spray in the waves of Anx, was silent between the soldiers officer in a raincoat, with his own from the soldier of the physiognomy; Sometimes, like a sliver, curling along the river, a hiking hussar, a bunker or a resident; Sometimes, as a log swimming along the river, surrounded by all sides, flew along the bridge the rotary or officer, superimposed and covered with leather, wagon.
"Vish, they, like a dam, broke," said the Cossack hopelessly, said. - Many of you are still there?
- Melion without one! - the winking spoke to the cheerful soldier who went to the groceshed posttel and hid himself; For him passed another, old soldier.
"As he (he is the enemy) Taperich on the bridge will begin to pierce," said the gloomy old soldier, referring to his friend, "you will go forget.
And the soldier passed. Behind him, another soldier was driving on the cart.
- Where, Chort, shut down? - Speaking the bunch, running following the wagon and a bow in the back.
And this one passed with a wagon. Behind this went merrising and, apparently, drunk soldiers.
"As he, a dear man, hollows with a butt in the most teeth ..." one soldier said happily in highly sublipped overcoat, widely waving his hand.
- then it is, sweet ham then. - answered another with laughter.
And they passed, so Nesvitsky did not recognize who was hit in the teeth and what the ham was treated.
- Ver hurry that he is cold, and you think everyone will turn away. - said Unter Officer angrily and scrutically.
- How it will fly past me, Uncle, the kernel, - said, barely holding away from laughter, with a huge mouth of a young soldier, - I'm measured. Right, she god, so worried, trouble! - said this soldier, as if caught by what he was frightened. And this one passed. He was followed by a wagon, unlike all those who were passing so far. It was a German formpan on a pair, loaded, seemed to be a whole home; For Formpan, who was drunk, was attached to be beautiful, motley, with a huge exam, cow. A woman with an infant child was sitting on Perina, an old woman and a young, bugs, a healthy gentle girl. It can be seen, according to the special resolution, these evolving residents were missed. The eyes of all the soldiers appealed to women, and while the wagon drove, moving step by step, and, all the remarks of the soldiers were only to two women. On all the faces there was almost one and the same smile of obscene thoughts about this woman.
- Icher, sausage, too, is removed!
"Sell Mother," hitting the last syllable, said another soldier, turning to the German, who, lowering his eyes, angrily and frightened a wide step.
- Ec removed like! What devils!
- I wish you to stand to them, Fedotov.
- Vidali, brother!
- Where are you going? - asked the infantry officer, the evident apple, also half overlooking and looking at a beautiful girl.
German, closing his eyes, showed that he did not understand.
"You want, take yourself," the officer said, feeding the girl an apple. " The girl smiled and took. Nesvitsky, like everyone else on the bridge, did not descend the eyes with women until they drove. When they drove, they went again the same soldiers, with the same conversations, and finally everyone stopped. As it is often happens, horses in the rotary wagon were jammed on the departure of the bridge, and the whole crowd had to wait.
- And what become? There is no order! - said soldiers. - Where are you? Chort! There is no wait. Worse will be like he will set fire to the bridge. You see, and the officer was embarrassed, "the stopped crowds said from different sides, looking around each other, and all stood forward to the exit.
Looking at the bridge on the waters of Ens, Nesvitsky suddenly heard a new sound for him, quickly approaching ... something big and something flattened into the water.
- You're you, where fata! - Strictly said nearly standing soldiers, looking at the sound.
- Calesing to go through, - said the other restless.
The crowd came again. Nesvitsky realized that it was the core.
- Hey, Cossack, give a horse! - he said. - Well you! Party! Strangle! Road!
He got to the horse with great strengthen. Do not stop screaming, he tried forward. The soldiers sink to give him the road, but again they pressed on him so that they were given to him, and the nearest were not to blame, because they were pressed even stronger.
- Nesvitsky! Nesvitsky! You, r "Ryuva! - I heard at this time a rapid voice.
Nesvitsky looked around and saw in fifteen steps from him with a mass of moving infantry of red, black, shaggy, in a cap on the back of the head and in the youth man on the shoulder of the Mentik Vaska Denisov.
- you walked to them, Cheg "Tie, devils, give the dog" Ogu, shouted. Denisov, apparently being in the seizure of the hotness, brightly and reeling with his black, like coal, eyes in the inflamed proteins and Mahai unbearable from the scabble of a saber, which he kept the same red, like a face, a little hand.
- e! Vasya! - answered joyfully Nesvitsky. - Yes, what are you?
- The ESCAD "ONU PG" can not be closed, - Vaska Denisov shouted, viciously by opening white teeth, peppering his beautiful crow, a blowed Bedouin, who blinking ears from the bayonets to which he stumbled, snorty, splashing around himself a foam with mouthpiece, ringing, He beat the hooves on the boards of the bridge and, it seemed, was ready to jump over the railing of the bridge, if the sedok would allow him. - What is it? As a bug "Ana! At exactly the exact bug" Ana! GHG "Ok ... give your dog" Ogu! ... stand there! You're a wagon, chog "t! Sable zeg" I'll clean! - He shouted, really taking out the naked saber and starting to wave it.
Soldiers with frightened persons pressed each other, and Denisov joined Nesvitsky.
- What are you not drunk now? - said Nesvitsky Denisov, when he drove up to him.
- And then the VG "Emey will not give! - answered Vaska Denisov. - A whole day is there, then the regiment is dragging here. DG" AWER - So DG "ARCH. And then, he knows what it is!
- What are you scoop now! - looking around his new mentor and Valtrap, said Nesvitsky.
Denisov smiled, pulled a scarf from Tashka, spread the smell of perfume, and put Nesvitsky into the nose.
- It is impossible, in the case I go! Select "Overall, the teeth cleaned and shed.
The Osanovy figure of Nesvitsky, accompanied by the Cossack, and the decisiveness of Denisov, Mahavei Sable and desperately screamed, have worked so that they were swaying on the side of the bridge and stopped the infantry. Nesvitsky found a colonel from the exit, which he had to give orders, and, fulfilling his order, went back.
Clearing the road, Denisov stopped at the entrance to the bridge. Carelessly holding back the stallion rushing toward her and taking his foot, he looked at the squadron moving towards him.
On the boards of the bridge, the transparent sounds of hoofs were heard, as if he had a few horses, and the squadron, with officers ahead of four people in a row, stretched over the bridge and began to go to the other side.
Stopped infantry soldiers, crowing in a mushroom mushroom, with the most special incurious sense of alienation and ridicule, how commonly different types of troops are found, looked at clean, silent hussar, slightly passed by them.
- Elegant guys! If only the renovinsky!
- What is the right from them! Only at the bottom and water! - said another.
- Infantry, not dust! "He joked a hussar, under which the horse, Slap, splashed the mud in the infantryman.
- Would drive you with the early transition two, the laces would be rushed, - wiping the sleeves of dirt from the face, the infantryman said; - And then not a man, and the bird is sitting!

-Saratovsky landowner who had 1200 sergeny shower - Sergey Mikhailovich Lunin (1760-1817) and Fedosi Nikitichna Muravyova (1760-1792), daughter of the secret adviser and Senator Nikita Artamonovich Muravyov and Sister of Trustee of Moscow University and Writer Mikhail Nikitich Muravyov. Got a home education; His teachers were Englishman Foster, French Bute, Cartier, Swiss Mallb, Swedes Kirulf. He was raised, according to his own words, in Catholicism, one of his teachers - Abbat Voville. In addition to French, I also knew English, Polish, Latin well. In the early years, Mikhail Lunin spent most of his free time in the Tambov province, in the house of his uncle, M. N. Muravyov, one of the educated people of their time.

In September 1803 he was enrolled by a Junker in the Life Guard Hergear Regiment; In January 1805, he was produced in the Butti-Junckers and, in the same year, Estandard-Junker was translated into the Cavalgaard Life Guard Regiment; On October 8 of the same year, he was produced in the cornet. From 1805 he participated in almost all serious operations of Russian troops against the French; In contrast to Galesberg, he was awarded the Order of St. Anna 4th degree, participated in the battle of Friedland. V. V. Veresaev indicated such a testimony: "He wrote a letter to the commander-in-chief of Barclay de Toll and offered, send it to the parliamentary to Napoleon; He was taken by filing the emperor of the French paper, put him in the rank of the dagger. "

Lunin fell into disgrace for bold and public condemnations of the French government of Louis XVIII, causing her and Labefer (contrary to surrender), and the sovereign delayed its production to the colonels<…> Wantcons replied. "The sovereign does not want to make you in the colonel, and there is no formal reason to get around you: you are attesting good in service. Therefore, if you do not want to harm the comrades, delaying and their production, come back! - without having any desire to leave, Lunin wrote Volkonsky, which, without finding the reasons for the dismissal petition, cannot comply with the usual form for leaving the service and therefore it is decided to go to France, but it requires not to consider yourself a fugitive, as this makes this The step is not voluntarily, but forced reluctance to harm others. "

At the meeting of the members of the Union in 1816, Lunin said that it was not difficult to arrange a conspiracy and kill Alexander I on the Tsarsko Selo road, according to which he usually rides without great security. To do this, it is enough to collect a group of decisive people and put them in a mask (so that the satellites of the king do not recognize the killers). As N. Ya. Eidelman, "Pestel, apparently, designed Lunina a place at the head of the" doomed cohort "," that is, those who had to kill the king and the heir - the Grand Duke Constantine, and then take the blame on themselves. However, Lunin may not even know about such a pestboat regarding themselves. In the future, Lunin has departed from the point of view of the need for rearness.

In September 1816, Lunin went to Paris, where he met A. Saint-Simon. "There he learned that from the St. Petersburg banker Livio received the notice of the sudden death of his father in his name and that he inherited the estate with the annual income of 200 thousand rubles" and in the first half of 1817 he returned to Russia. Mikhail Sergeyevich Lunin inherited a "generic immovation of the Tambov province, Kirsanovsky district, in the village of Sergievsky, Rzhavino Tezh, and in Nikitsky, Saratov province, the Wolish county, in the village of Annena, a dress". In March 1819, he made a spiritual testament, according to which for 5 years from the date of his death should have been destroyed in the destroyers inherited them, but the will could not and was not fulfilled. His sister Catherine under pressure from her husband challenged the will in 1826. The estate went to her, but soon after that her husband Fedor Alexandrovich Uvarov was missing. Many thought he committed suicide due to the fact that he made his wife challenge his brother's testa.

He again joined the service on January 20, 1822 - the Rothmistrome of the Ulan Regiment, housed under Slutsk. In March 1824, he was translated into Warsaw - in the Life Guard Grodno Gusar Regiment - an adjutant of the Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, who was the commander-in-chief forces of the Warsaw Military District. From May 5, 1824 he commanded the 4th squadron.

After 1822, Lunin moved away from the ideas of the founders of the movement, remaining a commitment to the need for political change in Russia and above all - the liberation of peasants. He, basically, rejected as unacceptable, the methods offered by the participants of the secret societies.

The Investigative Committee Lunin said: "I put myself the invariable rule to call anyone in order." The fact of his participation in the secret society did not deny.

In 1826, M. S. Lunin was condemned by the I category, - mainly for the rearness plan of 1816. Sentenced to life guard, but on July 10, 1826, the cautious term is reduced to 20 years, according to Manifesto from August 22, 1826 - up to 15 years, followed by a settlement in Siberia forever. In 1832, the cautious term was reduced to 10 years.

After the conclusion in the fortress, Svetaborg and Vyborg prison was sent to the Chita Ostrog (at the end of June 1828). Translated to the Petrovsky Plant in September 1830. In 1836 he went to the settlement in the village of Urik.

Lunin's letters from Siberia

In 1837, Lunin creates a series of political letters addressed to the sister: he set out to write the history of the Decembrist movement, it was assumed that the letters would be known to a wide range of readers. In early 1838, he writes "wanted historical" (a brief review of the past Russian state), in September 1838, "a look at the Russian secret society from 1816 to 1826" (Essay on the history of secret societies), in November 1839 "Disbanding of the report, Presented by the emperor by the secret commission of 1826 " (Contains a critical study of the "report" and the view of the author to the Decembristian movement with the designation of its true goals). Lunin planned to write "Disbanding the activities of the Supreme Criminal Court" for which he asked sister to send documents and materials relating to the uprising on December 14: Publications of newspapers, eyewitness stories. The idea was not carried out, since Lunin did not receive the required materials.

Arrest and conclusion in Akatuoy

The official of special instructions in the Irkutsk Governor Rupete Asspensky saw a list of one of the works of Lunin at Zhuravlev, took it allegedly for reading, removed the copy and sent with the report A. H. Benkendorf. On the night of March 26 March 27, 1841, Lunin was arrested, his papers were withdrawn. Lunin himself is exiled to Akatuyan prison.

Lunin was not at all surprised to her new arrest; He always expected that he was put back in prison again, and he always said that he had to finish his life in prison, although he was very loved to freely wander with a gun and spent most of his life on the hunt. Once I was in Him on Holie, and he asked me that in my opinion I would follow him for his letters to the sister? I replied that for four months it took, as he resumed correspondence, and if so far, there was no consequences, then it is probably no and will not continue. It grumbled it; He began to prove that this could not be and that he would certainly be driving him in prison that he should end his life in prison.

Decembrist Mikhail Lunin

Who are you, Lunin? - asked him somehow in the days of rebellious youth. - If I only knew ... If we knew ...

The hussars of youth was filled with the exploits, the memoirists later remember with a big hunt, but Lunin silent himself.

So he is shooting at the next duel. He fell into the air twice, and his opponent, the future chief of gendarmes Alexey Orlov, in rabies he curtains him in his head and ... takes over his hat. And the Lunin creates coldly: "Above, below."

So he scares the bear and dogs of civilians who had misfortune with him next to the black river in St. Petersburg.

Here, with a group of the same deals swims on the boat to the Imperial Palace and under the windows of the empress itself sings Serenad.

So he, the only of officers, the Sauna Regiment, who insulted the Grand Duke Konstantin, dares to accept his challenge. The case was hushed up, and the duel did not take place. Friends believed that in the dangers of a different kind of Lunin found pleasure and believed the security more for himself was disastrous.

Here he offers himself to the murderer of Napoleon, planning to put the dagger in the side of the French emperor when passing to him diplomatic papers. And although the offer was rejected, Lunin kept the dagger for a long time.

Here he, Headquarters-Rotmist Lunin, on August 26, 1812 he participates in the battle under Borodin, first at the Bagration Flesh, and then in the counterattack at the Raevsky battery. A horse was killed under him, but he himself is intact and unharmed and awarded the golden sword with the inscription "For courage".

Let us interrupt this list and start another. He was one of the founders of the Decembrist movement. He participated in the meetings of the Union of Benencies, discussed the procedure for admission to new members, the charter and draft Constitution of the Company. He belonged to the first Tsarubiism project in this secret union.

In Paris, he may have thought for the first time on issues of religion and its influence on the life of society. Chatting with the French thinker Saint-Simon, he thought as far as his ideas of Christianity and social justice for Russia apply.

In Warsaw, an elevated and romantic love came to him. The arrest was removed from him his beloved, 17-year-old beauty from the royal genus Natalia Pototskaya.

"He was a poet and a musician and at the same time the reformer, political and economy, the state person who studied social issues," the Frenchman Ippolite Auger wrote about Lunine in his memories.

Contradictive information about Lunina's life. We will find even different dates of his birth. Unclear the reasons for his death. Ambiguous assessments of his actions with contemporaries.

The biography of Lunina is difficult to write. From all the many Pleiades of historians and literary crops, we will choose to the assistants of the researcher of his life and works of Nathan Eidelman and Lunin himself. We will try to answer the question of who he is Lunin.

Mikhail Lunin was born on December 29, 1787 in St. Petersburg (the date of birth was established not so long ago). In September of next year, parents took the baby to the generic estate - the village of Georgievsky Tambov province. His father, a major landowner Sergey Mikhailovich Lunin, to put it mildly, a person is not very generous, did not regret funds for the upbringing and training of his three children. Mikhail was older for two years of brother Nikita and four - sisters Catherine. Fedosya Nikitichna's mother died early when the eldest was seventh year. In St. Petersburg, children were brought up in the Roman Catholic faith, the Swiss Malierb, Director of the Catholic Pension, and Abbot Voville, were engaged in their education. In training guys accepted

participation and their uncle Mikhail Muravyev - Writer, Historian, Public Worker. In 1803, boys go to the Hsenther Regiment. Many years later, in a letter to the sister from Siberia, Mikhail described the death of his brother: "He had the idea to go into the monastery, and this desire miraculously It turned out, since he was carried out from the battlefield, which expires blood, right into the monastery, where he died, like a baby falling asleep on the mother's chest. " And the elder brother continues to serve in the cavalry regiment, having passed the way from Juncker to headquarters-Rothmistra; From 1812 to 1814, he participates in almost all major battles with Napoleon - from Smolensk to Paris - and ends with the Guards Rothmistrome with three orders.

The resignation of Mikhail Lunin was surprised. He himself decided to leave, or Alexander

I. i decided to get rid of the challenge officer ... However, in the records of the Ippolite, Luninsky statements are captured on this: "Excessive forces will strangle me. ... I need freedom of thought, freedom of will, freedom of action. Away mandatory service! "

In 1816, young friends and relatives of Lunin create a union of salvation, where he and several more people will soon take. When discussing state reforms, Pestel proposed not to swear a new king until he agrees to the adoption of the Constitution and the abolition of serfdom. Lunin has developed a plan, how to speed up this moment: a group of people in masks meets Alexander

I. on the Tsarsko Selo Road and kills him. Lunina was then not supported, but in the future this episode will strongly affect his fate, confirming the prediction of the Parisian fortunekalk - "be hanged."

So, becoming a free person, Lunin, together with a friend, goes to Paris. On the deck of the ship shall be divided with him with hidden thoughts: "... Only one ambition can exalted a person over the animal life. Giving the will to his imagination, his desires, seeking to be higher than others, he comes out of his insignificance. ... The whole world belongs to a person of the case, for him a house is only a temporary station, where you can relax my body and soul to go on the road ... ". In this argument, as it were, the entire Lunin character. Life Path Defined. Thoughts about humility will come to him later.

In Paris, Lunin soon remains without livelihood. Random earnings as a teacher of mathematics, music, English and French languages, the compiler of the past and the writer of love letters do not seem humiliating. Interested in the epoch of the transaction and the figure of Falsedmitria, Lunin intended to write a novel in French. Unfortunately, in addition to the title, nothing has been preserved from the intended book. Perhaps, his policies distracted him from work on the novel. Conversations with an acquaintance in St. Petersburg Jesuit Grievil did not led Lunin to join the monastic order, in need, like carbonés, in such people. The friend of the Auger became unimportant, did not introduce it to a new circle of his friends, and 10 years later from one of the carbonaries Auger found out that Russian participated in their meetings. If it were not for the sudden death of the father, Lunin, perhaps

would go to Revolutionary Spain to Riiii. But here it is difficult to separate the truth from the fiction. More reliably evidence that Saint-Simon regrets the intelligent interlocutor.

Lunin returns to Russia in 1818 by the landowner, the owner of the peasants. In his Tambov and Saratov villages, pensions for the elderly, schools appear. The reforms conducted by Lunin correspond to the three directions of the program developed by the Union of Benefensions - humanity, education, public economy. The reform activities of the Union influenced some of the high-ranking persons who become ashamed to remain aside from charitable affairs. The best writers begin to write in the spirit of this society, formally not being his members. And the new union hopes to peacefully master all the main branches of state and public Life And gradually improve it. Lunin was adopted in the indigenous union of society, which includes 25 of his leaders. Like most of them, he expresses the constitutional republic led by a monarch or president with limited power. In 1820, after a sudden rebellion of the St. Petersburg Semenovsky regiment, the Union of prosperity had to fictitively dissolve. When discussing further actions, the Company split. Lunin was determined, he was alien to be careful, he did not like bastards. Revolutionary events in Spain and Portugal, the unrest of Semenovtsev awakened interest in the army. Mikhail Lunin and Nikita Muravyov are submitting an admission to service. First, Lunin is directed to Polotsk, in 1822 - in Slutsk, and in two years in the rank of Colonel, he arrives in Warsaw. He was appointed commander of the leiba guard of the Grodno Gusar Regiment and the Adjutant of the Grand Duke Konstantin.

Upon arrival in Poland, Lunin quickly figured out in the situation there, far ahead of his compatriots in the assessment of what was happening, and its compatriots, which caused the misunderstanding of those and others.

In the Warsaw period, Lunin is distinguished from the activities of a secret society. On the events of December 14 at the Senatskaya Square in St. Petersburg, about the uprisings of the Northern and South Societies, he learns with a delay in a few days. Just in case, it does not borrow money. And indeed, at the beginning of April 1826, clouds are condensed over him. Until now, the Great Prince Konstantin managed to protect from the arrest of his adjutant. But the testimony of a motley on the trial in St. Petersburg gave a reason to bring the Decembrist Lunin from under the guardianship of Cesarevich. In his own answers to the written issues of investigators received from St. Petersburg - not a single name: "I was not a single member of the secret society, but he himself joined him, taking advantage of me with the confidence of members, then in the small number of consisting." When there is no possibility not to notice the requirements for issuing names, he writes: "... I can not name, because it is against my conscience and rules" -. On the eve of the arrest, the Grand Duke releases his adjutant to hunt at the Silesian border in the secret hope for his escape, but Lunin does not want to drop the honor of the officer and, of course, returns.

On April 16, 1826, Lunina is brought to the capital. On the same day, he was interrogated by Chernyshev, formerly welded, an accomplice in the kitsuzh, and now by General, Ryan investigator in the case of the Decembrists. Lunina is presented one of the most serious accusations - intentional rearness, but even in such a position he defends the right to an independent judgment on conscience. When sentencing, Lunin fell into the criminals of the second category. He was also remembered and the adoption of new members in the secret society, and the acquisition of a lithographic machine is possible if the defendant repented, it would be softer

. But the congestion is predetermined: a single conclusion in Sveaborg, and then the Vyborg fortresses, fasteners in Chita and in the Petrovsky factory, link to Urik near Irkutsk, the second arrest and imprisonment in Akatua, where the most dangerous criminals fell, and finally mysterious death .

On the first twenty months of imprisonment, only documents prohibiting the transfer and letters and reporting on the visit to Lunina on the official responsibility of the Governor-General Zakrevsky. In the memoirs of the Decembrist Svistunov there is a phrase: "Stay in Vyborg considers him a happy epoch in life."

In 1828, Lunin was delivered to the Chita Ostrog. He lives separately from all comrades, in the hut in the prison. Memories of him assembly on Katorga Drainage: "Man is very wonderful and pleasant" (Basargin), "Despite his grace, rarely, who happened to notice the manifestation of heart movement or mental mood in it. He did not show off either sadness, nor anger, nor love ... "(Svistunov)," I never wanted to have anything to do with the comrades of my conclusion and lived always a mansion "(Trubetskoy). And at the same time, Lunin regrets a man, whom everyone is silent as a pathological baseman, talks with him. He does not participate in the charity arteel chaired by Ivan Pushchina, but, according to Svistunov testimony, generously helps the neighbor, only on his own way. In need of the benefit, he transmits money through a closely familiar person "With an indispensable condition for anyone who does not speak." And many are confident that he never helps anyone. Lunina does not bother that he seems worse and land than it really is. Only

close inner energy are guessing in it.

In the first Chita months, the Decembrists are developing a shoot plan: descend to Siberian rivers to Sakhalin and then move to Japan. Here I could have been manifested by the loyal Lunina, but I have to give up from escape. Conspirators understand that in any case - good luck or failure - they are responsible

before the rest of the Kathers comrades for new tests and enhanced supervision. In the summer of 1830, the Decembrists remove from the tempted border and transferred to the Petrovsky plant.

According to P. Svistunov, "in prison, in addition to the Catholic books of spiritual content, he [Lunin] did not read anything, neither newspapers, nor magazines, no newly emerged essays; But constantly aware of the news of political and literary. " Close to heart takes Lunin Polish events: November 29, 1830, a rebellion broke out in Warsaw. Konstantin Pavlovich barely saved. At the end of August 1831, the Army Paskovich is part of Warsaw. The constitution is eliminated, the rebels were sent to Siberia, Mitskevich and Chopin emigrate. Sad foresight of Lunin came true.

For all the time, the prisons and links Lunin never appeals to the authorities with requests, and the sister has to be blocked for him often. In 1836, when the platform was completed for exile second categories, Katerina Sergeyevna tries to achieve permission from Benkendorf to settle the brother near Irkutsk, and notify it. Lunin replies: "... the settlement site for me is indifferent, because with God's help Man is equally good everywhere. Be calm about me and especially do not do anymore. " Perhaps the troubles helped. In the village of Urik, 18 kilometers from Irkutsk, Nikita and Alexander Muravyov, Volkonsky, Dr. Wolf and Lunin are seated. All of them have the right to 15-tenth land.

For eight months of the settlement, Lunin is much achieved in his agrarian classes, the main obstacle for which the training classes ("Plato and Herodotus do not get along with the horses and the harrow," he writes sister). And nevertheless, the marsh, the thorny, unprocessed land is drained, fenced and facing meadows and arable land. There is an English garden with sandwesters, a gazebo and a lot of colors, a cooked cozy house with an extensions, "where the late traveler finds a refuge, a poor - a piece of bread, a robber - rebuff." The brother is divided with her sister with his regret that he is not known for the feelings of a spouse and his father, but he finds true happiness in the knowledge and love of the truth.

Lunin very

loved children. The kids playing in the courtyard for all days, and, breaking away from the classes and reading theological books, he will be happy to be with them, teaches their literacy. Lunin feces and teaches english language 11-year-old Son Sergey Volkonsky. "And the mentor, and the student were satisfied with each other, and it rarely happens," the boy's father notes.

Lunin remains Lunin. All this time he bridges his way to Akatui, the last prison. In the letters of the sister who had to be censored, he teases officials, gets into them and the Minister of Post A. Golitsyn for the broken and spoiled parcels, and the army ranks for the abuse of wandering punishments. He approves or relieves the laws and the congestion, military campaigns and peaceful transformations. For the year of the plump exile deprive the correspondence. On the day of her renewal, he sends his sister, E. Uvarova, three letters immediately, in one of which the following revelation appears: "Left

one in the world, I have undergone all kinds of failure, and I am happy. The fact that God sends me a link is superior to everything I asked about and dreamed during my ten-year imprisonment. Judge about the tree on its fruits. " Lunin writes works that want to secretly spread. Two of them will be fatal for him - this is "a look at the Russian secret society" and"The analysis of the reporting of the secret investigative commission", in which there are prophetic words: "From people you can get rid, but it is impossible from their ideas." As Luninsky manuscripts spread the risk of arrest increases. Lunin is preparing for this quite consciously: everything that I had, distributes to comrades, and all the attributes of the Mellery sacrifices the Irkutsk Catholic church.

Lunin arrested again at the passing week, at night on March 27, 1841. He meets cold-blooded guests, asks to give him to sleep after the hunt, and only then take off. In the morning, Lunina is delivered to the interrogation to General Kopylov. Arrested answers questions in French, realizing that the general in it is weak. Memories of the relative of Lunina, who visited him in Siberia, captured

1 Touching farewell to the residents of Urika, the plan M. Volkonskaya convey the money sewn into the fur coat, the last meeting with friends in 30 versts from the village.

In the most inhuman

the conditions of the Akatuy Prison Lunin does not lose the presence of the spirit and sense of humor. Senator Senator Senator says with revisions to Eastern Siberia Senator says in French: "Let me take you in my coffin." Without pessimism, he writes Maria Volkonsky about painful tests: "I am immersed in darkness, deprived of air, space and food, is surrounded by robber, murderers and counterfeiters. My only entertainment is in the presence of a whip in the courtyard in the courtyard. In the face of this dramatic action, designed to reduce my days, my health is in a striking state and my strength is far from declining, but on the contrary, it seems to increase. I raise with no effort to nine pounds with one hand. All this was completely convinced that you can be happy in all life positions and that in this world are unhappy only fools and cattle” . In the most cramped circumstances, Lunin is not passive. He is worried about his pet Misha Volkonsky, in letters to his father gives advice, how best to teach the boy; Nothing asks for myself, only medicines for comrades for conclusion. The auditory Siberian Prisons N.I. The Pushchina, the youngest brother of the Decembrist, advises to take care of "about those chained to the wall: their position only hards, and does not make it possible to moral improvement." He is improving in Greek, studies religious beliefs on the works of Homer.

Lunin's death on December 3, 1845 was sudden and strange. According to the official version, he died from the "blood-nervous blow." After 24 years of death, contradictory rumors crawled on the death of the Decembrist: in one - he was killed, in others - died of Ugon. The participant of the Polish uprising of 1863 Vladislav Chap-Lykiyk, referred to in Akatui, with the words of Polish exile reports that the secret order for the murder of Lunin came from St. Petersburg from the king and fulfilled his officer Grigoriev. Maybe they were not joking the words frons around Mikhailov: "... if you just don't think of hanging me or shoot." What he could so angry strong Mira Some? The randral went with him.

It is very difficult to answer the question when and why Lunin became Catholic. Apparently, it is not so important when: in childhood, later, in Paris, or in Warsaw. Not being religious in youth, he suddenly realized the meaning of his life, but probably at some point ripe for faith.

About the religious views of Lunina we learn

from the memories of the Decembrists. Dmitry Zavalishin believes that Mikhail Sergeevich moved to Catholicism in Paris and was strengthened by V.VERE in Warsaw. According to Peter Svistunov, the Jesuit Rosavent and Grievil, with which both Decembrists were familiar with St. Petersburg, influenced Lunina to Catholicism. "In the soul of him who, having fun, there were inevitable questions about the vocation of a person and about the afterlife," Chwistunov writes. - Trusting these Jesuits, ... he must have decided to rely on them certainly. " It is unlikely that the explanation of D. Zavalishin is suitable for Lunina, that from Orthodoxy it was pushed off with a drunkenness and a breath of monks. Lunin records relate more serious circumstances: "In Russian EmpireAs ancient times in Byzantium, religion, distracted by its divine origin, there is one of those establishes by which they manage the people ... ". Unlikely, Lunin was not familiar with the wrong story of the Catholic Church, but here he finds an explanation: "The Catholic Church is infallible; People, belonging to it, sinful. These truths are opposite, but each other is not excluded. " It is the active side of the Roman Catholic Church, from the beginningXIX. the century participating in the renewal of the world, the principle of "freedom of will", developed by Roman theorists-theorms, apparently attract the Decembrist.

Only in the Catholic religion finds Lunin perfection and internal, and external: "Catholic faith seems to be pronounced in women. ... Catholica can be immediately recognized among thousands of women in her posture, speech, look. Follow it in the Gothic Temple, where she goes to pray: the knees before the altar, immersed in the twilight, received by harmonious sounds, she is similar to those messengers of the heavens who came to the ground in order to open his high destiny. "

So, from the moment of arrest, the godfather of Lunin began.

In Katorga, he sees not the Kara of God at all, but, on the contrary, a special chosenchair - his martyrdom and sermon awaken the called to the true faith, to break up universal apathy. He is ready to take any deprivation, relying in everything on his guardian angel: "Who followed me into the depths of the caasemates? Who facilitated the chains of my and their cheesecal of their ulcers? Invisible keeper of my destiny. He cannot come to me before the death of my death, but surrounds me by testifying my presence ... now I really know that the Lord sent his angel and delighted me from Herod's hand ... "

Do not be afraid of physical death, Mikhail Lunin writes that he will with joy, as "the strongest proof of love" - \u200b\u200b"no more than this love" (I. I. 24,25).

The letter of the sister ends with the words: "My earthly message was fulfilled."

Tatyana Gamazkova

Magazine "Truth and Life" № 7-8 for 1992

I know: the destruction is waiting

Who is the first to rebel

On the people's weakests -

But where, tell me when it was

Without victims atone, freedom?

I will perish for the land of my own:

I feel it, I know ...

K. Yuryev

Next week, on December 14, 2000, it will be 175 years from the date of the Decembrists' uprising, and on December 18 of the same year - 213 years old from the birth of M.S. Lunina - the most solid and unbending wrestler for the ideas of Decembrists. He died on December 3, 1845. He was liberated from hard work on December 14. His brother, Nikita, died in battle under Austerlitz on December 2, 1805. December for the brothers was a significant and fatal.

Mikhail Sergeevich Lunin was born in St. Petersburg in 1787 in the family of the Tambov landowner. Received a brilliant home education by foreigners teachers with the participation of enlightened uncle M.N. Muravyev, writer, historian, public figure. Lunin knew 6 languages, deeply studied history, mathematics, well-painted, wrote poems. He is an excellent dancer, musician, rider, fencer. Since 1803, in the service in the Life Guard, HECHERSK, and then the cavalry regiment. Since 1805, participates in battles: Austerlitz, Helzborg, Friedland. He is seen by the authorities and king as a brave officer. It proves his bravery not only in battles, but also numerous duels: he is shot with Alexey Orlov, the future chief of gendarmes, but always shoots into the air. Orls for duels shot his cap, and Lunin advises him to shoot more precisely. His case has occurred the same case with the Grand Duke Konstantin.

And so, it turns out that this Buntar, a brilliant officer, was also a passionate hunter!

Most likely he knew the hunt in childhood, and it passed in the village of Sergievsky Tambov province. His father, the landowner Sergey Mikhailovich Lunin, was also a hunter. Otherwise, how to understand that his son (along with Volkonsky) holds nine dogs and two bears on a black river and almost every day "indulgered and refund", that is, hunt and dig up dogs. One of the pits of Lunina was thrown onto a person, if you shout: "Bonaparte!". But what a Lunin writes in a letter to A. Muravyev in 1814 from S. Sergievskoe: "In Paris, went together to the girls, and here we will go together for the wolves, beyond the bears."

From 1812, Lunin participates and differs in all battles. In the Borodino battle fights the Semenov flushe, and then at the Raevsky battery. The horse was killed under him. He is awarded with a golden sword with the inscription "For courage". The war finishes the Guards Rothmistrome, awarded in three orders.

Lunin hates the conqueror of Napoleon and asks to send it to the parliamentant, in order to put him in the side when meeting him.

War ends. Guards youth in Paris walks and not only. Officers absorb new republican ideas. This is manifested in the service. Alexander I, many guards sends to Russia, including Lunin. The reason is numerous duels. "One of them ends with a wound in groin, and Lunin is long treated."

Lunin resigns and goes back to Paris, where he gets acquainted with Saint-Simon. Affairs, but his father dies, and he is inherited 100,000 francs.

In 1817, Lunin returns to Russia and enters into a secret society. He is a republican in his beliefs the authoritative Decembrist, one of the founders of the Union of Salvation, the Union of Benencies. BUT B. last years In front of the uprising, he is passive, but at the court will not give up the ideas of the Decembrists and behaves like a person who does not want sex, if they need to pay humiliation.

Since 1822, Lunin has been in the army again - in the Lithuanian corps in Warsaw. He is an adjutant of the Grand Duke Constantine, takes part in his hunting.

Lunin was not only spiritually strong, but also a physically hardened man. He perfectly ruled the boat and once alone overcame the distance from Kronstadt to St. Petersburg on the messengers. One Polish lady somehow appeased with it that men became weak and none of them would be rushed from the balcony for their beauty. Lunin was indifferent to the lady, but boldly and cleverly rushed from the balcony of the third floor and "safely reached the earth."

One of his favorite properties on the hunt was: "When they really want something - get."

The uprising on December 14 cares of Decembritis in Warsaw. He is suspicious. Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich is trying to defend his adjutant and offers Lunina the way of escape - "the last time to enhance the bears." Lunin goes on hunting, but does not run away, but returns.

In April 1826 he was arrested. The accusation is "intent on the kingubius." As a result, at the Court, the Decembrist behaves boldly, even boldly, and receives an eternal catguard, relatively up to 10 years, followed by an eternal settlement in Siberia. "Eternity is good - I'm 50 years old," said Lunin - the only one of the Decembrists, who did not give any testimony on his comrades. He believed that issuing comrades immoral. Two years stayed in the Sweaborg and Vyborg fortresses in a single conclusion, seven years at Katorga in Chita and Petrovsky factory, six years later in a link in Urika and the last five years of life in Akatuyan prison.

In all serious trials, Lunin remains faithful to himself - he removes stressful state, longing and hopelessness of those "something that gives the opportunity ... to overcome these adversity and not only sometimes not to notice them, but even look with optimism on what is happening. These are those who have their own special world - the world of hunting, fishing and Wildlife With all his wonders ... and the magic of amazing beauty "(P.Gusev).

The attitude to the hunt characterizes him as a person: "I so often met death on the hunt, in the fights, in battles, in the struggle of political, that the danger became habit, the need for the development of my abilities," he writes in 1839.

Lunin is always ready for the hunt: He has a rifle, dogs and gear - he sends a sister and buys merchants from passage. It has strong character and wonderful health - round year bathes in winter in the hole; He is a fencer, arrows, train with weights. And he is an optimist. "Lunin Lych, Funny and Cheerful," wrote one of his friends. Not Zhaden. His hunting trophies almost always gives others. The son of Volkonsky writes Lunina: "Saverny Lunin, thank you for ducks. I will be on Saturday. " During the search in 1841, the official sees a hunting rifle and says - it is necessary to remove. The Decembrist agrees and adds: "Do not be afraid: such as you, they only beat sticks."

Lunin loved hunting dogs and knew a lot about them - contained several dogs as freedom and reference. The most favorite dog was a dog nicknamed Cooking. That's what he writes to his sister from Siberia: "My cook bit the snake. He stretches at my feet, a little breathing; His mouth is foaming, but he moves his tail and looks at me when I speak with him, as if my words understands. This animal name of a friend belongs to more than people who worns in the world. The latter were frightened when the thunderstorm swam in me, and ran away, prying the tail. " Varka will survive, and Lunin until the end will take care of him until the end. From Akatuian prison, he writes a Volkonian letter and does not forget his beloved dog: "Take care of good about my poor cooking. He can give cold meat in order to brighten his old age. Cooking became even more expensive for me since it became crippled. I would give half of what I own, to again see this inseparable comrade of my risky campaigns in Siberian forests. Take care well feed the poor disabled person. What happened to other dogs: morgue, fortos, auandance, two Diana, thistle and plax? "

What kind of person can take care of his dogs, being in an Akatuy prison? Where he writes M.Vakonskaya: "The project will send me cooking ... is the proof of your friendship, which I am deeply touched and who will never be parted from my memory. But it's good that this project failed. For I do not know, nothing to place me, nothing to feed is a poor animal. My dungeon is so cheese, food is so moderate that it does not even have what the cat feed. "

On the settlement in Urika Lunin Weeks are on the hunt and especially praise the dogs of Letus, "worthy to appear among the celebrities of my former sv. I forbid the village to leave the village, and I spend the days and nights in more often forests with this noble and beautiful animals. You need to be a hunter to understand the charm of such an existence woven from accidents, fatigue, dangers and battles. In our past letters, I asked a couple of hounds and a piston gun. The submitter that has enormous capabilities will take, perhaps, deliver them. On all details related to dogs and weapons, you must consult with the hunters who know their business. "

Lunin loves him hunting weapon. I bought it in Paris and managed to do it even in Siberia. True, and sister him secretly walking rifle. It should be assumed that the hunting weapon from Lunin was very diverse. And you need - he goes on bears, wolves, ducks. About weapons he writes: "My noble weapon, for which 3000 francs was paid in Paris." This is a double rifle "Lepage". In one of the letters asks the sister to buy an English double-rich piston gun at a price of 100 to 150 rubles and a "small barrel of hunting small powder", as well as a large and small fraction.

With arrest in Urika, Lunin was seized all the guns, gunpowder, fraction, knives and to him the highest command is forbidden to have firearms. This is what he is withdrawing: a double rifle with different devices, a rifle is a simple one-barre room, a casket with pistols with flints, powder up to two pounds (32 kg), lead and fraction up to four pounds (64 kg).

Lunin - a tempered hunter. He knows - hunting, it's not just a passion. In a letter to S. Volkonsky advises on the issue of the education of his son Misha: "An important question is the development of physical forces. For this, there is only one age - adolescence, and only one way is hunting. Give the mishet a good gun, and let him run on the swamps and forests in best time of the year. Its classes will not suffer from this, but he will win health. "

This beautiful person, an inflexible revolutionary and a large hunter in a single chamber of Akatuyskaya prison, has finished his life, where it is supposed to be strangled. Like S. Muraviev-Apostol, he felt his end and recorded his poems in his notebook:

"Pensive, lonely,

I will pass on the ground, who is illiciable by anyone;

Only before the end of my

Unwolted

He knows the world that he lost. "