The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays provide the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is destructive to all living things. To find a compromise between useful and harmful properties Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.
What kind of UV radiation from the sun is there?
Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.
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UVA. Long-wave radiation range
315–400 nmThe rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.
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UV-B. Medium wave range radiation
280–315 nmThe rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
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UV-C. Shortwave range radiation
100–280 nmThe most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.
The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effects of the Sun. However, these life-saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum in autumn. Cloudiness is one of the most variable characteristics of weather. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.
At what UV index values is there a danger?
The UV index provides an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun at the Earth's surface. UV index values range from a safe 0 to an extreme 11+.
- 0–2 Low
- 3–5 Moderate
- 6–7 High
- 8–10 Very high
- 11+ Extreme
In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values (6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points throughout the year.
What are the benefits of the sun?
In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, and vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.
Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the Sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.
The hormone of happiness serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.
Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.
Why is the sun dangerous?
When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between the beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.
The body's defense system cannot cope with such aggressive influence. It lowers immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.
Ultraviolet light destroys the DNA chain
How the Sun affects people
Sensitivity to UV radiation depends on skin type. People of the European race are the most sensitive to the Sun - for them, protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.
At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.
Who is most influenced by the Sun?
People with fair hair
skin tone
People with many moles
Residents of mid-latitudes during a holiday in the south
Winter lovers
fishing
Skiers and climbers
People with a family history of skin cancer
In what weather is the sun more dangerous?
It is a common misconception that the sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather. You can also get sunburned in cool, cloudy weather.
Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of getting sunburned, which cannot be said about traditional places beach holiday. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.
How to protect yourself from the sun
To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow simple rules:
Spend less time in the sun during midday hours
Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats
Use protective creams
Put it on Sunglasses
Stay in the shade more on the beach
Which sunscreen to choose
Sunscreen varies in degree of sun protection and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.
For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7 %) of the ultraviolet rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2 %, affects the skin.
Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream can reflect 100% of ultraviolet radiation.
For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 or higher. However, for fair-skinned people it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.
How to Apply Sunscreen
The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.
Please check the cream instructions for the required volume for application.
How to Apply Sunscreen When Swimming
Sunscreen should be applied every time after swimming. Water washes away the protective film and, by reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when swimming, the risk of sunburn increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.
Excessive sweating and wiping with a towel are also reasons to re-protect the skin.
It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide complete protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their impact on the skin.
How to protect your eyes
sunlight, reflected from water, snow or sand, can cause a painful burn to the retina of the eyes. To protect your eyes, wear sunglasses with a UV filter.
Danger for skiers and climbers
In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5 %.
Snow reflects up to 85 % of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80 % of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is reflected again by clouds.
Thus, in the mountains the Sun is most dangerous. It is necessary to protect your face, lower chin and ears even in cloudy weather.
How to deal with sunburn if you get sunburned
Use a damp sponge to moisten the burn.
Apply anti-burn cream to the burned areas
If your temperature rises, consult your doctor; you may be advised to take an antipyretic
If the burn is severe (the skin swells and blisters greatly), seek medical attention
To save the time and effort of a modern person, a special system of making appointments with doctors via the Internet has been developed. This opportunity is provided by the IGIS Izhevsk Portal, where you can quickly make an appointment with a specific doctor at a time convenient for the visitor. All registered medical institutions in the city are presented here.
Convenient Internet access allows you to avoid long queues when you need to visit a doctor, and also save a lot of time. This procedure also prevents the appearance of “overlaps” when, for various reasons, several patients are registered at the same time (this often happens when recording visits manually).
Now there is no need to interrupt the working day just to get in line with the doctor, the patient simply goes at the specified time, and without queues and long waits gets to the appointed health worker.
IGIS Izhevsk - make an appointment with a doctor
Thanks to the IGIS electronic system, you can easily access all medical institutions in the city and easily make an appointment with any doctor. To do this, follow a simple algorithm of actions:
- Go to the website http://igis.ru/online.
- Let's start choosing the category of medical institution. You can select with one click of the mouse cursor adult or children's clinics or hospitals, dentistry or special institutions.
- After this, a list will appear in which all suitable institutions will be divided into paid and budgetary. Paid clinics are at the top of the list, followed by budget clinics. Here you need to choose the one that suits you.
- Next, we go through the authorization procedure. To do this, on the page, find the inscription “To make an appointment, you must be authorized.” Click on it.
- Fields will appear in which you will need to indicate your last name, as well as fill in your insurance policy number.
A prerequisite for successful authorization is that the patient has an affiliation with the selected medical institution, otherwise the system will display a message indicating that the last name or policy data was entered incorrectly. In this case, you will need to contact that hospital and ask that the policy information be entered into the database.
- Click on the “Make an appointment by day of the week” cell (you can also select “Make an appointment by specialist”, if that is more convenient for you).
- The next moment the doctors’ schedule will appear, in which you will be able to select the day of the week and time. The appropriate options should be checked here.
- Check the details again and click on “Register”
At the end of the instructions, it is important to emphasize the information about the need to cancel the coupon if you cannot visit the doctor. To delete a number, you need to select the medical institution you signed up for and log in to the system. After logging in, a list of your numbers will appear. Opposite the one you are interested in, click on the “Cancel appointment” button (you can print the coupon right there). 
After such a simple procedure, which will take no more than 5 minutes, you can confidently prepare for a specific date and time for the appointment with the doctor you need. After this procedure, you will not spend an extra minute in line, and, most importantly, you can make an appointment with a doctor from home, from your place of work, or even from your mobile phone.
Also, by visiting the portal, you can get acquainted with information about each medical institution, the history of its work, and even get acquainted with reviews of real patients. Here are all the contact details of each institution and the exact location.
Thanks to this, you get a complete picture of a particular medical institution. In addition, you have the opportunity to get answers to your questions online, which again saves the time and nerves of every resident and guest of the city.
Hospitals and clinics of Izhevsk
Children's clinics Izhevsk
- Repina, 35/2
- Nagornaya, 56a
- Voroshilova, 12 (Izhmash)
- Truda, 54 (Izhmash)
- Bummashevskaya, 96
- Korotkova, 7a
- Shirokiy Lane 38 - (Neuron Hospital)
- Nagovitsyna, 10/4
- Vorovskogo, 135
- 40 years of victory, 70a
- Lenina, 17
- Baranova, 48
- Kholmogorova, 43
- Lenina, 79 (Russian Children's Clinical Hospital)
Adult clinics Izhevsk
- Kommunarov, 221 (Women's consultation)
- Pushkinskaya, 219
- 50 years of Pioneerhood, 39
- Nagornaya, 56
- Votkinskoe highway, 81
- Sofia Kovalevskaya, 8
- Lenina, 81 (Izhmash)
- Rocket, 32A
- city Stroiteley, 65 (Women's consultation)
- Vadim Sivkova, 154
- 8th Podlesnaya Ave., 11
- Truda, 1 (Izhmash)
- Zenitnaya 9
- Novoazhimova, 5 (Izhstal)
- Borodina, 7
- Promyshlennaya, 52 (MSCh No. 3)
- Mekhanizatskaya, 22
- Saburova, 37
- Voroshilova, 115 - Hospital complex
- Pushkinskaya, 162
- village Mashinostroiteley, 107
- Nagornaya, 56 (Women's consultation)
- Dental clinics Izhevsk
- Club, 42
- Vorovskogo, 150 (Children's)
- 50 years of Komsomol, 19 (Pediatric dentistry)
- Kommunarov, 231
- Pushkinskaya, 136
- Sovetskaya, 20
- January 9, 197a
- 40 years of Victory, 50a
- 30 years of victory, 32a
Specialized medical institutions Izhevsk
- Truda, 17A - AIDS Center
- Mashinostroiteley 117 - Narcological dispensary
- Sverdlova, 7 - Medical Prevention Center
- Lenina, 100 - KVD
- Svobody, 228 - Consultative and diagnostic center
- 30 Let Pobedy, 9 - Myopia Treatment Center
- Rodnikovaya, 56 - Maternity hospital No. 3
- Lenina 98a - Ophthalmatology
- Lenina, 102 - Oncology
- Lenina, 87B - Clinical diagnostic center
- 30 years of Victory, 100 - Psychiatric hospital
- Slavyanskoe highway 0/1, Kirova 40a - Tuberculosis hospital
- Truda, 17 - Infectious diseases hospital
- Sovetskaya, 19 - Medical and physical education clinic
