How to paint a wooden spoon at home. Wooden spoons from Khokhloma. How to distinguish a fake? Examples of berry and flower ornaments on spoons

The work took

2nd place

We have several wooden spoons at home. I was always interested in looking at the drawings on them. But I didn’t know that the drawings on spoons are called painting, and not just painting, but Khokhloma painting!

I really wanted to try making this spoon myself. Not made of wood, of course, but at least made of paper. But where did such an interesting name come from?

And here's where it comes from.

Russian craftsmen have always been famous for their skill in artistic wood carving. For centuries, from generation to generation, they passed on the secrets of their ability to make wooden spoons. Russian word“spoon”, according to scientists, comes from the word “log” - ravine, depression. To make wooden spoons, environmentally friendly materials are used: linden, aspen, maple, rowan, so using wooden spoons is good for health. Wooden spoons do not spoil the taste of cooked food. The history of the wooden spoon dates back ten centuries ago. In each country, spoons were made using different materials: wood, ivory, shells, bronze and silver. In Russia, until the 18th century, wooden spoons were used.

Spoons began to be painted much later, starting in the 19th century. To create such a spoon, it was necessary to perform 52 operations. A wooden spoon was hewn out of the shell with a hatchet, then with an adze, planed with a knife and cut with a curved cutter, and the handle and forging were processed with a handsaw. Wooden spoons were decorated with carvings and painted patterns.

The most famous type of painting in Russia is Khokhloma. There is probably no person who has not seen in his life a painted wooden Khokhloma spoon or a box or tray. Everyone will be interested to know where this unusually beautiful painting came from.

In ancient times, in the forests of the Trans-Volga region, not far from the village of Khokhloma, Novgorod province, the first settlers were fugitives who took refuge here from the persecution of landowner oppression for the “old faith”. Some of them were icon painters and masters of hand-painted miniatures. Infertile lands made it impossible for the peasants to feed themselves, and the refugees began to use their skills by painting wooden dishes made by local craftsmen. This painting, unknown to the village, wonderfully decorated modest wooden kitchen utensils. The colors sparkled with golden and red sun rays. The fame of such festive dishes spread not only throughout the entire district, but also became famous throughout Rus'.

Each artisan had his own specificity, but the products were made by hand. After all, making wooden spoons is not an easy process. First you need to cut out a wooden blank for the future spoon, then dry it, cover it with a thin layer of clay and soak it in flax oil. The highlight of this painting is that not gold, but silver powder is applied to the tree, on top of which the design is made. Then the products are varnished and hardened in an oven at high temperature. As a result, a honey-golden color appears, characteristic only of Khokhloma.

To paint products, they use either a black and red pattern on a gold background or a gold ornament on a red, green, or black background. In Khokhloma paintings, artists depict plant forms in the form of bright red rowan berries, strawberries, and flowers; fish, birds and animals are also found. Craftsmen decorate the surface of spoons with flexible, wavy stems with leaves, berries and flowers, giving them a unique elegant look.

It is impossible to say now who and when came up with the idea of turning ordinary spoons into a percussion instrument, but they have long become the simplest, most colorful and popular national instrument of Russians.

The first information about the use of spoons as a musical instrument appeared at the end of the 18th century. Some researchers believe that Russians began to use spoons in music in imitation of Spanish castanets, because they can produce clear sounds when touched. Spoon players use a set of 3 or 5 spoons of different sizes to play. The sounds are made by hitting the back of two scoops. Usually the performer plays with three spoons, placing two between the fingers of his left hand, and taking the third in his right hand, hitting his hand or knee. Often bells are attached to spoons. This property of wooden products has been appreciated by musicians all over the world. There are now schools for playing with wooden spoons.

Since ancient times, it has been known about the ability of a tree to rid people of accumulated negative energy. Wooden souvenirs bring harmony and comfort to your home. Of course, bright painted spoons immediately attract attention. Therefore, today Russian wooden spoons are the most popular souvenir among foreign tourists. They can tell a lot about amazing Russian craftsmen who have preserved ancient secrets. This spoon is a wonderful souvenir gift for friends and family.

A wooden spoon is the simplest, most colorful and widespread instrument of the Russian people. The city of Semenov is popularly called the “spoon capital” of Russia and the famous Khokhloma painting. Techniques of the game:

There are quite a lot of techniques for playing spoons, and if you wish, you can come up with your own. It is important to hold the spoons correctly, that is, we will talk about the performing apparatus.

Place a spoon in your left hand between your thumb and index finger. The spoon lies on the palm with the scoop down. The thumb holds the spoon on top, but does not press hard. The handle of the spoon faces outward.
We insert the second spoon between the middle and ring fingers of the left hand. At the same time, we bend the index, middle and ring fingers a little, and try to place them in the scoop of this spoon. (It may not work right away.)
Now, if you straighten your fingers (except for the big one), the spoons will move apart a little, but with a sharp bend they will come together again. In this case, a characteristic spoon click will be heard. This technique is called COTTON. (He is the most difficult.)
We take the third spoon in the right hand by half of the handle and begin to play spoons in the left hand, composing our own techniques. You will definitely succeed!

Material - wood
size: 190mm*40mm
the price is for a set (2 spoons)

Actual color may differ from that shown on the website due to different monitor settings.

Perhaps one of the most indispensable cutlery is a spoon. In every country, it was always made from materials available to people, for example, ivory, bronze, shells, silver, and in Rus' they used wood for this, dishes from which were held in high esteem at all times. Despite the fact that the history of wooden spoons began ten centuries ago, they remain in demand today, since such painted products can not only be given as souvenirs, but also used for their intended purpose. Decorate wooden blanks Today anyone can create a unique version of a spoon on their own.

What is needed for painting

Before you begin, you need to properly prepare the base of birch, linden, aspen or alder:

clean the surface of the spoon;
apply a primer (depending on the paint);
cover the base with the desired color;
translate the drawing and paint over it;
fix with varnish.

A variety of compositions are most often used as coloring materials. Suitable for painting wooden products:

gouache;
acrylic;
watercolor;
oil.

In addition, you can take aniline dyes. In order for the product to look harmonious, it is necessary to achieve the right color combination. The most famous types of painting on wooden utensils include Khokhloma, Mezen, Petrikov and Gorodets techniques. For home creativity, the best option would be to purchase wooden blanks wholesale.

Proper care

So that such spoons serve for a long time and do not lose their appearance, it is necessary to properly care for them. To do this, it is recommended to process them hot water and detergents (soap solution) after each use. The wooden surface easily absorbs strong odors (garlic, fish, onions), so the best option here would be separate spoons for each specific product. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that wooden products do not come into contact with fire. Despite the fact that today it is impossible to do without metal utensils when preparing food, we should not forget about wooden cutlery, with which food will be much tastier and healthier.

She captivates everyone with her unique color. To make wooden spoons, environmentally friendly materials are used: linden, aspen, maple, rowan, so using wooden spoons is good for your health. Wooden spoons do not spoil the taste of cooked food.

The history of the wooden spoon dates back ten centuries ago. In each country, spoons were made using different materials: wood, ivory, shells, bronze and silver. In Russia, until the 18th century, wooden spoons were used. Dahl's dictionary contains an interpretation of the names of spoons: boska, mezheumok, blunt-nosed, pouring, nosed, butyrka, white, semi-bosque, thin and other names. “Russian wooden spoons” were first mentioned in the “Tale of Bygone Years” in 996.

History of Khokhloma

Spoon players use a set of 3 or 5 spoons of different sizes to play. The sounds are made by hitting the back of two scoops. Usually the performer plays with three spoons, placing two between the fingers of his left hand, and taking the third in his right hand, hitting his hand or knee. Often bells are attached to spoons. This property of wooden products has been appreciated by musicians all over the world. There are now schools for playing with wooden spoons.

Wooden souvenir spoons

The website “Russian Faith” has already published a photo report by the famous Russian blogger-thousander Anton Afanasyev “”, in which he shows and tells how, where and what the Old Believers of Semenovsky district lived with. Today Anton Afanasyev talks about the second part of the Semenovsky museum, or rather about how wooden spoons were made (and are still being made, though not in such volumes).

Semenov, or rather Semenovsky district, was rightfully considered and was Russian leader in this industry, and it’s not for nothing that the hero of Melnikov-Pechersky’s book made his capital on spoons. More than 2,000,000 spoons were produced here per year! In general, this trade is perfectly described in his “In the Woods.”

Wooden utensils were produced in many places: in the Sergiev Posad and Kirillo-Belozersky monasteries, in Moscow, Yaroslavl, Tver, Kostroma and Kaluga lands. But the Volga region, or, as it was also called, Kerzhenskaya, was especially famous.

There are a huge number of types of spoons themselves, and hardly anyone can accurately name this figure, but in the Semenovsky museum they tried to collect the maximum possible number of different spoons.

Every spoon in Rus' had its own purpose and name.

A spoon for distributing Holy Communion with a cross on the handle was called a spoon (this is how the ancient Russians called any spoon). At the end of the handle of the Old Believer spoon for communion, a double finger was cut out.

A simple Russian wide spoon of medium size was called “mezheumok” (this word, by the way, meant not only a spoon, but in general everything that was something average, neither here nor there, did not belong to either one or another variety). An expert in folk life, S.V. Maksimov, described the popularity of the products of Nizhny Novgorod craftsmen this way: “They make... the “mezheumok” spoon, with which all Orthodox Rus' breaks out thick porridge from pots and slurps cabbage soup without burning their lips.”

The Burlatsky spoon “butyrka”, the name of which, apparently, comes from the word “butyrit” - turn over, stir, mix, was as wide as a mezheumok, but thicker and rougher. She was considered the largest. Barge haulers wore it behind a hat ribbon on their forehead instead of a cockade as a kind of insignia, a “signboard”.

The basque, or bosque, spoon was long and blunt-nosed, the half-basque was a little rounder (the word “basque” meant: beautiful, red, prominent, decorated).

Any sharp-nosed spoon was called nosed. Isn’t that what the saying is about: “The spoon is narrow, it carries three pieces at a time: you need to spread it out so that it carries six at a time!”

They also made folding spoons in the Nizhny Novgorod province - they were the most expensive, as well as dozen, or tea, mustard, cream, caviar, etc.

The very first automation in this difficult industry is a bow machine. He allowed the handle of the stock to be sharpened

These are spoons with a plot painting by craftswoman E.I. Pryanichnikova from the village of Khvostikovo. 1930s.

Some of the most expensive spoons were made of maple; they were rarely painted, since they themselves had a very beautiful texture. The most expensive spoons were made from fruit trees.

All kinds of spoons.

The museum stand presents the process of producing a wooden spoon, starting with the simplest clumsy blank - a “baklushi”. It took an experienced master 20 minutes. At the same time, sometimes the first stages - splitting a block of wood into baclushi (chocks), trimming the baclushi roughly - were entrusted to children, and the final stages - scraping the finished product with a knife, sanding and polishing - were entrusted to women. This, by the way, is where the expression “beat the buck” came from, which initially meant: doing a very simple task, and later acquired a different meaning - idleness, idle time. When making spoons, the carver used a special spoon hatchet, rasps, cutters, adze and knife.