Lesson on the topic Altai. Altai.docx - Geography lesson on the topic "Altai". Cuisine of the peoples of Altai

Date of:_______
Grade: 8
Topic: "Altai"
Lesson type: combined
Tasks:
1) Educational:
1) Further development of knowledge about natural
regions of the republic.
2) Familiarization of students with physiographic
conditions of the mountains of northeastern Kazakhstan.
3) Identification of the features of the nature of Kazakhstan
Altai.
2) Educational:
3) Developmental:
Methods and
methodological
techniques:
1) Continue the formation of natural science
students' worldviews
2) Cultivate interest in the subject
3) Formation of environmental norms and rules
careful treatment of soil resources
1) Stimulate cognitive activity, skill
quickly and clearly formulate your thoughts.
2) Formation of a complex of general educational
cognitive skills: thinking logically,
analyze, compare, generalize, draw conclusions,
highlight the main thing.
3) Continue developing skills to work with
geographical maps.
Verbal (heuristic conversation, story)
Visual (working with maps)
Comparison and summary
Independent work with the textbook
Lesson plan:
1) Organizational moment.
2) Updating basic knowledge.
3) Introduction to the topic and purpose of the lesson. Motivation
educational activities.
4) Perception and awareness of new material
5) Consolidation of the material covered
6) Commenting D/Z
7) Summing up the lesson. Commenting
ratings.

I. Updating basic knowledge: working with a map, oral questioning on the following questions:
1) What is the influence of geographical location on the formation of territorial natural
conditions?
2) How do you explain the features of the Mugojar relief and the connection between the history of the territory’s development and
tectonic structure?
3) How do you understand the continental climate of the Kazakh part of the Urals? What's it like
impact on inland waters?
4) What are the differences in farming in the western and eastern parts?
Mugojar?
II. Learning new material:
1) Geographical location.
Altai is part of the largest mountain system called the Sayano-Altai Mountains, the boundaries of which
extend from Lake Zaisan to Lake Baikal. Kazakhstan includes only its southwestern outskirts.
The southern border is the basin of the Black Irtysh River and Lake Zaisan, and the western border is Kalbinsky
ridge.
2) Relief and geological structure.
According to the relief features, the Kazakhstan Altai is divided into three parts: Southern Altai, Rudny Altai
and Kalbinsky ridge.
Zap. On the desk:
Altai
Southern Altai
Rudny Altai
Kalbinsky
ridge
Located between
the Bukhtarma River
in the north, by the lake
Zaysan and the river
Black Irtysh - on
south.
within
Kazakhstan
comes in
Western
spurs
(Listvyag and
Kholzun)
Situated on
left side
Ertys River
Southern Altai is located between the Bukhtarma River in the north, Lake Zaysan and the Cherny River
Irtysh in the south. In the west, the Ertys valley separates it from the Kalbinsky ridge. On Voetok Yuzhny
Altai merges with the Ukok plateau. From here, two mountain chains extend to the west and southwest
ridges
They are separated by the rivers Kurchum and Kargoba. In the south there is a system of Tarbagatai ridges (2739 m),
Sarymsakty (3373 m) and Narym (2400 m), which belong to the northern part of Southern Altai, and to its
the southern part includes the South Altai (3483 m) and Kurchumsky (2644 m), Sarytau ridges (3300 m)
and Azutau.
Between the Azutau and Sarytau ridges at an altitude of 1449 m, the Markakol Basin is located.
The elevated part of this territory in the east, gradually decreasing to the west, turns into
foothills. There are small, shallow depressions between the mountain peaks
lakes. They lie at an altitude of 23,002,500 m above sea level. Western border of Southern Altai

runs along the Kholzun mountain range. The southern slopes of the mountains are large and highly dissected. Foothills
relatively flat.
Rudny Altai enters the borders of Kazakhstan with its western spurs. The main ones are Listvyaga and
Kholzun. Rudny Altai also consists of Ulbinsky (2300 m), Ivanovsky (2775 m) and Ubinsky
(2100 m) mountain ranges that are located in the northeast of Southern Altai. They extend from
the Katun mountain range and the Ukok plateau. Maximum heights are concentrated at the extreme
drainage of the Kazakhstan Altai.
The relief of Rudny Altai is very diverse. The eastern parts of the ridges are strongly dissected and have
alpine character. The mountain slopes are covered mostly with coniferous forests. To the west of the mountains
decrease, their shapes become rounded, the slopes become gentle. In some places there are plateaus with
leveled surfaces.
The Kalbinsky ridge is located on the left side of the Ertys River. Its highest point
Saryngoki (1558 m). To the west, the ridge decreases and merges with Saryarka. The peaks of the mountains are oval,
the slopes are strongly dissected, some areas are flat. Kazakhstan Altai was formed in
as a result of Hercynian folding. Repeated uplifts alternated with destruction. edge,
turned into a plain at the end of the Mesozoic era, was subject to new tectonic uplifts in
Neogene and Anthropocene. As a result, the modern mountainous terrain of Altai was formed.
Kazakhstan Altai is composed of a variety of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
clay-silicon shales, limestone, Paleozoic granites.
3) Minerals.
Altai is rich in mineral resources. Large reserves of mercury, silver, tungsten, tin, zinc and
lead are found in these mountains. Gold and rare minerals are mined in the Narym and Kurchum ridges.
metals, in Kalbinskoye tin and tungsten. Built for processing mineral resources
metallurgical plants in Ust-Kamenogorsk, Ridder, Zyryanovsk. Mining and smelting process
fossil ores in the eastern part of Kazakhstan is the reason for the current
unfavorable environmental situation. Therefore, protection of the natural environment construction
treatment facilities, reducing the amount of harmful impurities in waste and smoke emitted
factories is the main environmental challenge of our time.
4) Climate.
In the Kazakhstani part of Altai the climate is moderate continental. Compared to nearby
The plains in the summer in the mountains are cool, and in the winter, on the contrary, warm. Observed here
temperature inversion. As a result, in closed basins it is very cold in winter (up to 40°C),
It's hot in summer. Temperatures in summer decrease with altitude. If in July on the slopes of low mountains
temperature +19 +22°С, then at an altitude of 1000 m +16+14°С, and at a level of 25002700 m the temperature is not
exceeds +6 +7°С. The average temperature in Ust-Kamenogorsk in winter is 15°C. Average annual
the amount of precipitation in the foothills is 300-400 mm, in the mountains 1000-1500 mm. Winter in the mountains
there is a lot of snow falling. Sometimes its thickness reaches 13 meters. And in closed basins it falls
a small amount of snow. Snow avalanches and mudflows are often observed.
5) Rivers, lakes and glaciers.
There are many rivers in Altai that originate from mountain snowfields and glaciers.
Zap. in tetr.: The largest river in Altai, Ertys, begins in China and flows between
Kalbinsky and Narymsky suitable ridges.
The rivers Bukhtarma, Kurchum, Uba, Ulba and others flow into it. Ust-Kamenogorskaya,
Bukhtarminskaya and Shulbinskaya hydroelectric power stations. They provide electricity to the entire East
Kazakhstan region and other regions of the republic. Many small rivers Ak Berel, Turgysyn,
Bilezekty, Berezovka, Kokpekty, Malaya Ulba, Kalzhir, Kalguty, Ulan, Ablaketka, Kyzylsu,
Alkabek, Akkaba, Kaiyndy, Boken and others flow into Ertys, Bukhtarma, Naryn, Kurchum and some
lakes.
Altai is also rich in lakes. The area of ​​many of them is more than 1 km2 (Yazovoe, Chernovoe, Bukhtarminskoye,
Turangykul, etc.).
Zap. in the tetr.: The largest lakes are Zaisan (area 5510 km2) and Markakol (area 455 km2).

In 1976, it was organized here
Markakol is located in a tectonic basin.
Markakolsky reserve.
Zap. in tetr.: in the Altai Mountains of Kazakhstan there are 328 glaciers with a total area of ​​89.6 km2.
Glaciers are mainly located at altitudes above 2600 m. Most glaciers are located in
ridges Katun, Kholzun, Ivanovsky, South Altai, Sarymsakty.
6) Natural areas. Flora and fauna.
The climatic conditions of the Altai Mountains are significantly influenced by their geographical
position. Therefore, in the mountains located in the western part of the Altai Territory, rain falls annually.
a large amount of precipitation. The slopes of the low mountains of the southeast are dry.
The altitudinal belts of Altai in the southwest, from the side of the Zaisan Basin, begin with
semi-desert zone, which rises to a height of 900-1100 m, in the northwest from the steppe zone,
which rises to 16001800 m. The mountain forest belt is distributed at a level of 21002300 m, sub
alpine meadows at an altitude of 2500-2600 m; above 2600 m there is a glacial belt. They grow in the forests
larch, pine, spruce, cedar and fir. Alpine meadows are used for grazing in the summer months
livestock and beekeeping. The high mountain belt is represented by mountain tundra, rocky cliffs and
glaciers. The foothills and lowlands are covered with fertile black soils, where
vegetation of steppe zones (white feather grass, fescue, etc.)" in semi-desert zones, solyanka
plants. There are a lot of black currants and rose hips in the forests, and violet merlin in the intermountain valleys.
herbs, etc.
There are many animals in Altai. Deer are bred in the forests. Wild animals include bears, wild boars,
moose, mountain goats, snow leopards. There are non-valuable fur-bearing animals: sable, mink,
acclimatized water rats, raccoon dogs, ferrets. Among the birds there are wood grouse,
hazel grouse, partridges, woodpeckers, mountain snowcocks.
In order to protect the nature of rare animals and plants of Eastern Kazakhstan, in 1976 there was
The Markakolsky Nature Reserve was organized. Objects of protection 58 species of animals, 260 species of birds, 4 species
fish, 721 plant species.
The eastern part of Kazakhstan is the territory of the republic with developed forestry. The forest is
his main wealth. But in recent years, the intensive use of forest resources,
uncontrolled cutting of trees has led to a decrease in forest areas.
Cattle graze in the mountain meadows, and beekeeping is developed.
III. Fastening:
I. Oral survey on the following questions:
1) Compare the physical and tectonic maps and determine whether the tectonic
the structure of the Kazakhstan Altai in relief.
2) Why is the Kazakh part of Western Altai called Rudny Altai?
3) Why is the relief of the Kazakhstan Altai and the Ural Mountains different, although they appeared in the same
period? Why did “renewal” happen faster here than in the Ural Mountains?
4) Why is the climate different on the western and eastern slopes of Altai?
5) What characterizes the Altai type of river regime? How are the rivers in this area used?
6) How many glaciers are there in the Altai Mountains of Kazakhstan? Where are they mainly located?
7) How are Altai’s natural resources used?
II. Working with a contour map:
1) On the contour map (p. 67) of the “Physical Geographical Atlas of Kazakhstan” indicate the directions
location of the Altai mountain ranges. Map out mineral deposits.
2) Using the diagram of Altai’s altitudinal zones, explain the diversity of their types.
III. Fill out the table:
Region
Geographical
position
Relief
Useful
fossils
Climate
Domestic
water
Natural
zones
Environmental
Problems

Date: 04/08/13

Subject: geography

Grade: 8

Topic: "Altai".

Target: highlight the natural features of the Altai mountain range.

Lesson objectives:

1) determine the features of the geographical location of the Altai ridges and highlight its uniqueness in the presence of minerals and other types of natural resources;

2) expand students’ ability to work with textbook text, a geographical map, and additional material;

3) develop schoolchildren’s cognitive interest in a unique natural object - a mountainous region.

Equipment: atlases, contour maps, notebooks, tests.

Methods: work with maps, textbook, dictionary, notebook.

Lesson type: learning new material with elements of self-knowledge.

During the classes.

Organizing time. Greetings. Identification of missing persons.

II. Checking homework.

1. Geographical location(Mugodzhary; length 450 km, width 30 km, average height 450-500 m; highest point - Bolshoi Boktybay (657 m and Airyk (633 m))

2. Relief and geological structure(unlike the Urals, Mugodzhary has gentle eastern slopes and steep western ones; folded in the Paleozoic - Hercynian folding; composed of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic; due to exogenous processes - low-altitude; divided into western and eastern parts by the Bershogyr depression; western part – main, slope from north to south)

3. Minerals(nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper, coal, marly limestone, phosphorites, quartz sand for glass)

4. Climate(mountains prevent air circulation, precipitation falls more often than in neighboring areas; January temperature minimum - 42°; July temperature maximum +38°; precipitation 300 mm; strong winds are frequent, snow storms in winter)

5. Rivers and lakes(Emba, Irgiz, Or, Tobol, Taldy; fed by melted snow; groundwater - 700 billion m³)

6. Natural areas(steppe, semi-desert; soils are light chestnut in dry steppes and chestnut, dark chestnut in the northern parts; the western part is for crops, the eastern part is for pastures)

III. Comprehensive knowledge test.

1. Main zones (equatorial, tropical, temperate)

2. Water bodies on geographic maps are indicated by what color? (blue)

3. The Turan Lowland is located in ... Kazakhstan (southwest and south)

4. The soil is fertile in the (steppe)

5. The largest summer daily temperature amplitudes are observed (in the desert)

6. Anthropogenic natural complex is (ponds and parks)

7. The reservoirs of Kazakhstan are intended for (irrigation, energy purposes)

8. How many landscape zones are there in Kazakhstan? (9)

9. The biosphere is (part of the geographic envelope populated and modified by organisms)

10. Rice growing in Kazakhstan is developed in (Syr Darya valley)

11. The part of the earth’s surface that is visible to us is visible around us at an open level of space (horizon)

12. The physical map of the world, in terms of territory coverage, belongs to the group (world maps)

IV . Preparing to explain a new topic. Write the topic of the lesson on the board and explain the objectives of the lesson.

The purpose of our lesson is to get acquainted with the unique natural features of the Altai mountain range. What evidence can be given of neotectonic processes in the Altai Mountains?

V. Explanation of a new topic.

1. FGP Altai.

The southwestern ranges of the Altai mountainous country extend within the borders of Kazakhstan. This part is called Kazakhstan Altai; in the west it borders with Saryarka, in the south with the mountainous region of Saur-Tarbagatai; in the east - with the state border of the Republic of Kazakhstan, separating our Altai from the Russian.

2. Geological-tectonic formation of mountains.

Working with a tectonic map. Questions for conversation:

What tectonic structure formed Altai? (Hercynian folding).

In what era did this take place? (Paleozoic).

Pz (end) – Hercynian orogeny – igneous rocks – ore minerals.

Mz – Mesozoic folding – leveling of the territory – accumulation of sedimentary rocks (chalk, limestone, sandstone) – non-metallic minerals.

Kz – alpine folding – secondary orogeny – metamorphic rocks – sedimentary rocks – nonmetallic minerals (marble, grace).

And from this it follows that Altai is folded and blocky in formation, in the relief of which the following alternate:

Jagged Mountains;

Syrty – leveled areas;

Depressions filled with water from lakes Zaisan and Markakol.

Karst phenomena;

Special exposition of ridges;

Gorges, cracks, gorges.

Modern mountain building is characterized by earthquakes, avalanches, and the formation of glaciers with an area of ​​800 km2.

3. Relief and minerals.

The mountain topography is characterized by chains of mountain ranges, tectonic cracks, and eternal glaciers and snow lie on the peaks.

Based on their natural location, the Altai mountain ranges can be divided into 3 parts:

1. Kalbinsky ridge;

2. Southern Altai;

3. Rudny Altai

The highest peak of Altai is Belukha (4506 m). The mountain range is still experiencing rejuvenation, as evidenced by earthquakes (December 2002). The complex arrangement of the ridges requires a person to be attentive, careful and only be surrounded by experienced people who know what troubles can lie in wait in the mountains (mudflows in the summer, avalanches in the winter). And yet, despite the formidable elements, Altai is rich in amazing fossils, and its beautiful landscapes attract tourists and climbers.

Why is the top of the Altai Mountains called Belukha?

Find in the textbook which parts Altai is divided into based on the presence of fossils.

Students note the polymetallic belt of the Rudny and Southern Altai: the Kalbinsky ridge, the Narymsky ridge - a belt of rare metals (tungsten, titanium, molybdenum, magnesium) and the gold belt of the Kalbinsky ridge.

4. Climate.

Find in the text of the textbook what type of climate is in Altai.

The climate of Kazakhstan is sharply continental, and in the mountains it is moderately continental. The climate of Altai changes with altitude from continental to temperate continental. The Altai mountainous country is located at 50º - 52º N. w. and this determines the amount of solar energy reaching the earth's surface. Altai rises above the plains of Western Siberia, and its ridges extend from north-west to south-east, which determines the climatic conditions of the region. On the one hand, the ridges stand in the way of western air masses, like a sponge, absorbing moisture. But on the other hand, the openness of the valleys leads to the fact that cold air masses penetrate here, causing the temperature to drop to -40º, and rising to an altitude of 1500 m, the air temperature rises. This phenomenon is called inversion. This natural phenomenon causes large moisture condensation - up to 1500 mm per year, so Altai is the wettest place in Kazakhstan. There is little snow in the mountains, which forms a large area of ​​glaciers that feed the Irtysh tributaries and lakes. There are mineral springs that are used for medicinal purposes, for example, Rakhmanovsky Springs.

5. Inland waters.

Using a map, name the rivers of Altai and their tributaries.

6. Natural complexes of Altai.

How many belts are there in the natural zones of Altai and why?

Which natural zone is the most diverse in the species composition of plants and animals? (Forest)

Altai is unique in its biological resources, but its true wealth is its forests. The vegetation of the Altai Mountains is unique and beautiful. Spruce forests, park larch and cedar forests, tall-grass alpine and subalpine meadows. Many interesting and useful plants are found in the Altai Mountains: red and black currants, hawthorn, sea buckthorn. In the taiga there is a carpet of lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries. In Altai there are many plants and animals found only here. Such animals and plants are called endemics. The mountain area is favorable for the development of agriculture and industry, as well as recreation areas and tourism. In order to preserve the landscapes of Altai, the Western Altai and Markakolsky nature reserves and the Rakhmanovskie Klyuchi nature reserve were created. Diverse and unique landscapes are the most important reason for classifying the territory as a World Natural Heritage Site; Altai is the pearl of Kazakhstan, truly a “golden land”.

VI. Mastering a new topic.

Work with the questions on page 191 in the textbook and with the diagram of altitude zones on page 190.

VII. Test "Altai"

1. The highest peak of Altai is ________________________________

2. Folding that formed the mountains - __________________________

3. According to the orographic location, the Altai mountains can be divided into 3 parts: _______________________________________________________________________

4. The mountain range, called the golden belt - ______________________

5. Climate of the Kazakhstani part of Altai: _______________________________________

6. In Altai, within the lake, there is a nature reserve - ________________________

7. Glaciers in the Altai mountains begin at an altitude of - _____________________________

8. The largest lake in Altai is _____________________________________________________

9. The largest river in Altai is _________________________________________________

10. List the minerals found in Altai:

_______________________________________________________________________

VIII . Homework.§ 45, diagram on page 190, table

IX. Lesson summary.

Topic: “The Altai Republic is our home”
Goal: to instill a feeling of love for the native land; Objectives: expand children's knowledge about the sights of the Altai Republic;
develop a sense of beauty using the example of the unique nature of Gorny
Altai;
cultivate a caring attitude towards everything that surrounds us.
Equipment: presentation with views of the Altai Mountains, music CD with
musical works about Altai.
Lesson type: UNL

During the classes.

Opening remarks: teacher. SLIDE 1.

Presenter 1. SLIDE 2.
Altai is not just mountains, forests, rivers, waterfalls, but a living spirit, a generous, rich giant - a giant. It is fabulously beautiful with its multi-colored clothing of forests, flowers, and herbs. The fogs, his transparent thoughts, run to all countries of the world. The lakes are his eyes looking into the Universe.
Waterfalls and rivers - his speech and songs about life, about the beauty of the earth, mountains...
(G.I. Choros - Gurkin)
1 reader. SLIDE 3.
Brontoy Bedyurov
How beautiful and kind my Altai is!
How rich he is - just count him!
I am forever in his debt.
How can I glorify him?
How can I repay him?
Where can I get such words?..
Presenter 2. SLIDE 4.
In the very center of Asia, on the border of China, Mongolia, Russia and Kazakhstan, there is an amazing and mysterious country, the Altai Mountains! Translated from Turkic, “Altai” means “golden mountains”, and in ancient times it was the center of a unique nomadic culture.
Presenter 1. SLIDE 5.
Mountain Altai! There are very few places on earth that could compete with this amazingly beautiful island of nature, rising in the very center of the vast Asian expanses. The Altaians, who have lived here for centuries, call their homeland the majestic and sacred Kan-Altai.
The Altai Republic is a subject of the Russian Federation.
Presenter 2. SLIDE 6.
The territory of the republic is 92.6 thousand sq. km. From north to south its territory extends for 400 km, and from west to east for 360 km. To cross the Altai Republic from north to south or from west to east, you need to travel the entire daylight hours by car. Compared to Russian expanses, this does not seem like much. However, Gorny Altai occupies the same area as the European states of Portugal and Hungary, and slightly less than South Korea.
Presenter 1. SLIDE 7,8,9,10,11..
The Altai Republic has its own state symbols:
flag, coat of arms, anthem. The official languages ​​are two equal languages ​​- Altai and Russian. Population: 201.7 thousand people. National composition: Altaians - 31%, Russians - 60%, Kazakhs 6%, 3% - other peoples. Of the total population, 75% living in rural areas are born livestock breeders. From generation to generation they pass on their ability to raise cattle in the mountains. Altaians are also excellent hunters. The local taiga is rich in sable, squirrel, and lynx. Fur trading is one of the main occupations and an important help for residents of distant villages.
Presenter 2. SLIDE 12,13,14.
The republic includes: 1 city, 10 rural areas, 248 settlements.
The capital of the republic is the city of Gorno-Altaisk. (views of the city) It is located in the northeastern part. Our capital was not always a city. It arose as the village of Ulala back in the 19th century. Today Gorno-Altaisk is the scientific and cultural center of the republic. Located in a small valley among the mountains, it is surrounded by greenery in summer, and in winter ski competitions are held right within the city limits.
Presenter 1. SLIDE 15,16.
Our city is small, with a population of just over 51 thousand people. The population of the city, like the republic, is mixed. In addition to the indigenous population, the Altaians, there are Russians, Kazakhs and representatives of other nationalities.
The city is located in the picturesque basin of the Maima River. Everywhere you look there are mountains.
Reader 2. SLIDE 17.
Alexander Zhukov
My city.
My city lies in a valley
In a necklace of proud mountains,
Where in the blue-blue spruce trees
Dewy, sonorous conversation.
And finding it is so easy:
Don't swim and don't fly - the Chuysky tract will always be abandoned
To my city Gorno-Altaisk.
Forever young and forever green,
He's used to cordiality.
Our blue spruce trees are a decoration of Moscow!
My city lies on the paths
Ranger Rangers:
Worn by fashionistas in Europe
With the chic of our sables.

Presenter 1.
SLIDE 18,19.
The city of Gorno-Altaisk is the administrative, scientific and cultural center of our republic. It has a very favorable geographical location, proximity to transport routes, and more favorable climatic conditions in relation to other areas.
Presenter 2. SLIDE 20.
Among the numerous rivers, the largest and longest is the Katun. It originates from the glaciers of Mount Belukha on the southern border of the republic and extends beyond the Altai Mountains in the northwest. The second largest river is the Biya. The Katun and Biya, merging outside the Altai Mountains, form the Ob River, one of the largest rivers in Siberia. Due to the abundance of rapids, the rivers of the Altai Mountains are not navigable, with the exception of the lower reaches of the Biya. Many rivers have a very fast flow, due to which they freeze in winter only in certain areas. (types of Katun)
Reader 3. SLIDE 21.
Arzhan Adarov
Katun.
Rush, Katun, playing with light,
Noisy stream!
There is no wave in this world
Better than yours!
It shines so blue!..
It reflects
Looking younger, smiling
Old moon.
You are flying from the heights of Altai
Down, to warmth, to housing,
Confusedly composing a song
its long...

SLIDE 22.
The myth of Biya and Katun.
Once upon a time, according to the Altai people, these rivers were spouses. Biy is the master, Katun is the wife. The wife was grumpy and quarrelsome, and the husband was calm, quiet, and intelligent. He dined with other rivers, was at peace with the giant mountains. His grumpy wife Katun quarreled with all the rivers and mountains, and
gave peace to her husband. Then the rivers and mountains advised Biy to challenge his wife to a competition, that is, to bet. Whoever wins this dispute should rule in family life.
They held a race to find out how fast they could run. In the presence of witnesses, the conditions of the competition were determined and a decision was made: who
The spouses will first reach Mount Babyrgan, which rises in the north of the Altai Mountains, so he will be the head of the family.
SLIDE 23.
Thus began a competition between them. Standing on the bank of the Biya, the taiga and mountains moved apart, giving him a way, because sympathies were on his side.
SLIDE 24.
And on the way of the Katun, on the contrary, the mountains moved, powerful rocks became obstacles. Grumpy Katun, having overcome all obstacles with difficulty, finally broke into the valley and reached Mount Babyrgan, confident that she had arrived first. But, to her surprise, Biy had long passed this mountain. Babyrgan, seeing Katun lagging behind her husband, laughed loudly.
“Why are you laughing with your mouth open?” The grumpy Katun asked Babyrgan.
To which the answer came: “Your husband has been waiting for you in the valley for a long time, and you are still trudged here!” Having become even more embittered, Katun hit Babyrgan on the cheek with all her might and carried her water further. Having overtaken her husband, in a fit of anger she slapped him in the face, but then thought better of it and said: “Although I lost the argument, I am not the wife of an ordinary man, but of Biya, a gentleman.”
Since then, the second name “Biy-suu- (lord of waters)” has been assigned to Katun’s husband.
Both rivers, the Biy and the Katun, having merged together, continued their journey to the North, forming the Ob.
Presenter 1.
SLIDE 25..
Our republic is rich not only in rivers, but also in lakes.
SLIDE 24.
There are about 7 thousand lakes in the Altai Mountains. The largest is Altyn-Kel (Teletskoye), as the Altaians lovingly call it, which literally means “golden lake”.
SLIDE 27.
Since time immemorial, it has attracted people with its beauty and can be called the Altai Sea. Its area (230.8 sq. km) is larger than the territory of the European state of Liechtenstein. The depth of the lake reaches 325 m, which includes it among the deepest lakes in the world. “Altyn-Kel” attracts with its mystery, legends and the richness of the surrounding nature. This is a repository of unusually pure fresh water.
SLIDE 28,29,30.
Reader 4.
SLIDE 31, 32, 33,34.
Altyn-Kol
If you look from the outside,
The edges of Altyn-Kol cannot be seen
If you look from above
You are like a mirror, Altyn-Kol.
Coastal rocks blissful granite,
Like a fortress, it protects you,
Schools of fish here and there,
Like clouds floating in the sky.
And your wave is always
The star will wash himself.
And forever free people
He will sing about you, Altyn-Kel.
Presenter 2. SLIDE 35,36..

Why is our republic also called Gorny Altai?
Yes, the entire territory of the republic is occupied by mountains. The height of many peaks exceeds 3-4 thousand m. The highest peak is located in the extreme south. This is Belukha.
SLIDE 37.
In 1842, geologist Pyotr Chikhachev visited Altai. Amazed by the beauty that had revealed itself to him, he recalled: “I climbed to the top and trembled with delight. The Katunya pillars rose like jagged giants. Fogs curled like snakes in the gorges. But where are the words, where are the colors to convey this picture?.. I grabbed the album, but my hand was shaking; It seemed to me that I saw the living God, with all his power and beauty, and I felt ashamed that I, a poor mortal, dreamed of conveying his image.”
Presenter 1. SLIDE 38,39.
The Altai people considered Belukha sacred and associated it with the legend of the insidious and evil spirit Erlik, who must punish anyone who dares to set foot even on its slopes. According to legend, even look at. this shrine, a refuge of formidable forces (avalanches, rockfalls, landslides) was impossible. It is no coincidence that it was here, in Altai, that for two centuries in a row the Russian people searched for the mysterious Belovodye, a fertile country built like an earthly paradise, where they could live in complete happiness.
Presenter 2. SLIDE 40.
It’s not for nothing that Belukha sank into the soul of Roerich, who painted it more than once. “From the top of Studenoye you can see Belukha itself, about which even the deserts whisper,” he wrote in 1926.
SLIDE 41,42.
Belukha is the highest peak in Siberia, covered with snow and glaciers. The highest point of Belukha is 4506 meters.
SLIDE 43.44.

Alexander Eredeev
Reader 5. SLIDE 45,46,47.
Altai mountains.
Like steam from horses steamed by racing
Fogs swirled along the slopes of the ridge,
It was as if the herd had been racing for many years, many years,
And a feature beckoned in the distance;
As if some angry khan or prince sent after the lassoers, angry, incensed, But the Altai guys, grabbing their manes, Galloped to the best, to our times!
It was a long time ago half a century ago,
But for the mountains, half a century is a moment, a trifle,
And the Altai mountains stand in the fog
And they still can’t catch their breath...
I woke up in the Altai taiga...
The light of dawn appeared through the branches.
The mountain ridge stood tall and proud.
The wood grouse moaned with love.
Reader 6. SLIDE 48.
Lazar Kokyshev
I woke up in the Altai taiga,
I grew up breathing freshness in my native land, like returning from another planet.
Back to my dear land...
Reader 7. SLIDE 49.
Georgy Kondakov
My Altai hugs you.
In loud rivers and quiet lakes
Blue living water.
Celestial white mountains,
I am your son, I am your son forever.
Here even a small pebble is dear to me,
And a birch tree over the mountain path.
Let the rocks bend over the years,
I will remain my Altai, with you.
Presenter 1. SLIDE 50.
The nature of the Altai Mountains is beautiful and majestic, everything around is filled with clear mountain air, you can smell the honey smell of flowers. The high ridges seem like frozen waves. On the steep slopes, dense forests rustle. Mountain Altai is amazingly picturesque and generously endowed with natural resources. Our task is to preserve the beauty of our Altai.
Take care of these lands, these waters
Loving even a small epic,
Take care of all animals within nature,
Kill only the animals yourself.

Reader 8. SLIDE 51.

Pasley Samyk
Praising the beauty of Altai.
You lay down under the sun and moon, my beautiful Altai, your life-giving streams flow from the mountains!
You stand like a giant, your strong shell is heavy, the steppe is like a noisy ocean splashing into the stone hem.
Here, rich in foliage, poplars stood powerfully, here the hero rushed into battle - the ground was covered in hoofprints. SLIDE 52.

Here, ridges scatter from the main ridge - it is said for a reason that, my Altai, you look like a giant arrow, a feathered arrow that flew over the world, glowing with a blue flame, splitting the darkness of the night!
In your silence I hear the tread of fairy-tale horses, I hear the call and song of the legendary wondrous maidens! SLIDE 53.

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Lesson topic: Altai Republic, grade 8

Educational –creating conditions for expanding and deepening students’ knowledge about the nature of their homeland, RA

Developmental – development of cognitive interest in students, desire for independent search for knowledge, communicative competence of students.

Educational –increasing the motivation of students to study the nature and cultural heritage of the Republic of Armenia, developing a patriotic feeling and conviction in the need to protect the environment.

Equipment: , physical map of the Altai Republic; tokens for assessing the correct answer, DYD-film, computer, textbook “The Protected Natural World of Altai”

Lesson type: new knowledge

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Organizational moment The class is divided into groups

2.New topic

Now watch the film and tell me what territory are we talking about now?

(film screening)

3 Listen to G. Kondakov’s poem The Bell of the Earth p.8. (The protected nature world of Altai).

What most beautiful corner of our Motherland will we talk about today?

What associations do you have when you hear the word Altai Republic?

(a student writes words about Altai on the board)

Now create a legend using these words.

Now you will open the textbook on the protected nature world of Altai and read the text pp. 8-21.

Reading the text you will highlight for yourself what you:

Knew

Did you learn something new?

Dialogue between children

In front of you is a sheet you must

The topic of our lesson?

What goal of the lesson will we set for studying this topic?

There is a sheet in front of you and you must now create a project:

1.-Zigzag method-mini cluster

Lesson summary:

Recently, humanity crossed the threshold of the millennium. What awaits us, Russia, Altai beyond this border. The desire to love and take care of one’s native land is not an easy matter. We must have a good understanding of the features of nature and correctly evaluate human activity.
Today you showed the first successes on this difficult path of knowledge.
I wish you further success in studying your small homeland “ALTAI Republic”