Monsters waves, white waves, murderers waves, wandering waves - all this name of one terrible phenomenon, which can catch the ship by surprise. Travelask will tell about the biggest waves in the world.
What is the feature of gigantic waves
The killer waves are fundamentally different from the tsunami (and we also know about the biggest tsunami). The latter come into effect as a result of spontaneous geographical disasters: earthquakes or landslides. The gigantic wave appears suddenly, and nothing foreshadows it.
And moreover, they were considered a fiction for a long time. Their height and peculiarity of the dynamics even tried to calculate mathematics. However, the cause of the occurrence of giant waves did not establish.
For the first time fixed giant wave
For the first time, they recorded such an anomaly on January 1, 1995 on the Dropner Oil Platform in the North Sea off the coast of Norway. The height of the wave reached 25.6 meters, it was also called - the wave of Dropner. In the future, for research were involved space satellites. And within three weeks, another 25 gigantic waves were recorded. In theory, such waves can reach 60 meters.
The highest killer waves in history
The most gigantic wave in history was noted on the territory of Agullas (South Africa) in 1933 by sailors from the side of the American ship Ramapo. Her height was 34 meters.
In the Central Atlantic, the Italian transatlantic liner "Michelangelo" was hit by the killer wave in April 1966. As a result, two people washed away into the sea, and 50 were injured. Received damage and ship itself.
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In September 1995, the "Queen Elizabeth-2" liner recorded a 29-meter wandering wave in North Atlantic. However, the British transatlantic vessel was not from a timid tent: the ship tried to "settle down" the giant, which appeared right at the rate.
In 1980, a meeting with a white wave ended the tragedy for English dry cargo "Derbishire". The wave struck the main cargo hatch and poured the hold. 44 people died. It happened off the coast of Japan, the ship went to the bottom.
On February 15, 1982, in North Atlantic, a huge wave covered the drilling platform belonging to Mobil Oil. She knocked out the windows and poured the head of the control. As a result, the platform overturned, 84 crew members were killed. This is a sad record today by the number of killer's wave.
In 2000, in North Atlantic, the British cruise liner "Oriana" received a blow of a 21-meter wave. Before this, the liner was obtained a distress signal from the yacht suffered because of the same wave.
In 2001, everything in the same North Atlantic in a luxurious tourist liner "Bremen" hit a giant wave. As a result, a window was broken on the bridge, because of this, the vessel was in the drift for two hours.
Dangers on lakes
Stray waves can appear on lakes. So, on one of the great lakes, the top, there are three sisters - these are three gigantic waves that go for each other. Ancient Indian tribes who lived in this territory knew about them. True, according to legends, the waves appeared due to the movement of the giant sturgeon, which lived at the bottom. The sturgeon was never detected, but three sisters appear here and now. In 1975, the cargo ship "Edmund Fitzherald", the length of which was 222 meters, drowned because of the collision with these waves.
Where do giant waves come from?
What is due to the emergence of most waves in the oceans and seas, about the energy of the waves and the most giant waves.
The main reason for the appearance of oceanic waves is the effect of winds on the aqueous surface. Species of some waves can develop and even exceed 95 km per hour. Comb from the crest can be divided by 300 meters. They pass on the surface of the ocean huge distances. Most of their energy is spent before they reach sushi, maybe, bypassing the deepest place in the world – Mariana Wpadin. Yes, and their dimensions are becoming less. And if the wind calms down, then the waves become calmer and smooth.
If in the ocean is a strong breeze, then the wave height usually reaches 3 meters. If the wind begins to become a storm, then they can become 6 m. With a strong storm wind, their height can already be higher than 9 m and they become steep, with abundant splashes.
During the storm, when visibility is hampered in the ocean, the wave height exceeds 12 meters. But during the strongest storm, when the sea is completely covered with foam and even small ships, yachts or ships (and not that fish, even sAMI big fish ) They can simply be lost between 14 waves.
Blowing waves
Big waves gradually blur the shores. Small waves can slowly align the beach with a nanos. Waves hit the shore at a certain angle, therefore, the nanos, washed into one place, will lead and will be postponed on the other.
During the strongest hurricanes or storms, such changes may occur that huge segments can be significantly transformed suddenly.
Yes, and not only the shore. Once, in very far from us 1755, the waves of 30-meter heights demolished Lisbon from the face, loading the city under the tons of water, turning them into ruins and destroying more than half a million people. And it happened in a large Catholic holiday - the day of all saints.
Waves killers
Self big waves Usually observed on needle course (or the flow of Agullas) that off the coast of South Africa. It also noted and the highest wave in the ocean. Its height was 34 m. In general, the largest of ever seen waves was recorded by Lieutenant Frederick Margo on the vessel holding his way from Manila in San Diego. It was February 7, 1933. The height of that wave was also about 34 meters. Such waves sailors gave the nickname "wavelength killers." As a rule, an unusually high wave is always preceded by the same deep swelling (or failure). It is known that in such depression-failures disappeared a large number of ships. By the way, the waves formed during the tides are not connected with tides. They are caused by an underwater earthquake or an eruption of a volcano on the sea or oceanic day, which creates a movement of huge waters and, as a result, big waves.
: "When I read about the height of the wave caused by the tsunami in 1958, did not believe his eyes. Twistered once, the other. Everywhere the same thing. No, probably, after all, the comma was mistaken, and everything from each other copied. Or maybe in units of measurement?
Well, how else, what do you think there may be a wave from tsunami in 524 meters high? Half kilometer!
Now we will find out what was there really. "
Here is what the eyewitness writes:
"After the first push, I fell from the bed and looked towards the beginning of the bay, from where there was noise. Mountains terribly trembled, stones and avalanches rushed down. And especially hit the glacier in the north, he is called the Lituya Glacier. Usually it is not visible from the place where I was anchored. People swing their heads when I tell them that I saw him that night. I can't do anything if they don't believe me. I know that the glacier is not visible from the place where I was anchored in Anchorage Bay, but I also know what I saw him that night. The glacier rose into the air and moved forward, so he was visible.
He must have risen a few hundred feet. I do not say that he just hung in the air. But he was shaking and jumped like crazy. Large pieces of ice fell from its surface into the water. The glacier was in six miles from me, and I saw big pieces that fell off from him with a huge dump truck. It lasted for some time - it is difficult to say how long - and then suddenly the glacier disappeared from the field of view and the large wall of water rose above this place. The wave went to our side, after which I was too busy to say what else happened there. "
On July 9, 1958, an unusually strong catastrophe occurred in the Bay of Lituya in the south-east of Alaska. In this bay, goes into the land of more than 11 km, Geologist D. Miller discovered the difference at the age of trees on the slope of the hills surrounding the bay. On the annual rings of trees, he calculated that over the past 100 years in the bay, waves with a maximum height of several hundred meters occurred four times. To the conclusions of Miller reacted with great distrust. And on July 9, 1958, north of the bay there was a strong earthquake on the fault of Farueter, which caused the destruction of buildings, collapse of the coast, the formation of numerous cracks. And the huge landslide on the slope of the mountain over the bay caused a wave of record height (524 m), which at a speed of 160 km / h rolled along a narrow, similar to the fjord of the bay.
Lithuania is a fjord located on Failer Faerueter in the northeastern part of Alaska Bay. This is a T-shaped bay with a length of 14 kilometers and up to three kilometers in width. The maximum depth is 220 m. The narrow entrance to the bay has a depth of only 10 m. Two glaciers are descended to the Lituya Bay, each of which has a length of about 19 km and the width to 1.6 km. For preceding the previously described events, a century in Litua has already been observed waves with a height of more than 50 meters: in 1854, 1899 and 1936.
The earthquake of 1958 caused subaeral stonepad at the mouth of the Hilbert Glacier in the Lituya Bay. As a result of this landslide, more than 30 million cubic meters of rocks collapsed into the bay and led megatsunov to formation. 5 people died from this catastrophe: three on the island of Huntak and two more washed off waves in the bay. In yakutat, the only constant settlement Near the epicenter, infrastructure facilities were damaged: bridges, docks and oil pipelines.
After the earthquake, a study was conducted by a researched lake, located north-west of the bend of the Lituya glacier at the very beginning of the bay. It turned out that the lake fell 30 meters. This fact served as a basis for one hypothesis of the formation of a giant wave with a height of more than 500 meters. Probably, during the departure of the glacier, a large volume of water fell into the bay through an ice tunnel under the glacier. However, the flow of water from the lake could not be the main cause of megatsuni.
A huge mass of ice, stones and land (about 300 million cubic meters) from the glacier rushed down, exposing the mountain slopes. The earthquake destroyed numerous buildings, there were cracks in the ground, slithering the coast. The moving mass collapsed on the northern part of the bay, piled it, and then crawled to the opposite slope of the mountain, harvested with him forest cover to the height of more than three hundred meters. The landslide gave rise to a gigantic wave, which literally made a lithuania bay towards the ocean. The wave was so great, which overthrowed the whole across the entire shallow of the bay.
Eyewitnesses of the catastrophe turned out to be people on board ships that were anchored in the bay. From a terrible push, they were thrown from beds. Jumping on his feet, they did not believe their eyes: the sea boosted. "Giant landslides, raising the clouds of dust and snow on their way, started running on the slopes of the mountains. Soon, their attention attracted a completely fantastic sight: the mass of ice glacier Lituya, located far to the north and is usually hidden by a peak, which rises at the entrance to the bay, as if climbed above the mountains and then melted in the water of the inner bay.
All this was like some nightmare. In the eyes of shocked people, a huge wave rose, which absorbed the foot of the northern mountain. After that, she swept over the bay, sniffing trees from the slopes of the mountains; Having collapsed by the water mountain to the island of Kenotafia ... rolled through the highest point of the island, towering 50 m above sea level. All this mass suddenly overthrew in the water of the close bay, causing a huge wave, the height of which, obviously, reached 17-35 m. Its energy was so great that the wave was furiously worn around the bay, overwhelming the slopes of the mountains. In the indoor pool, the shore wave blows were probably very strong. The slopes of the Northern Mountains, turned to the bay, were denaked: where a dense forest was growing, now there were naked rocks; Such a picture was observed at an altitude of up to 600 meters.
One Barcass was highly raised, easily moved through the shallow and rebelled into the ocean. At that moment, when Barcas was transferred through the shallow, the fishermen were seen on it were worthwhile trees. The wave literally transferred people through the island in the open sea. During a nightmare horse at the giant wave, the shipyushko pounds about the trees and debris. Barkas sank, but the fishermen just survived the fishermen and after two hours they were saved. Of the two other Barcasov, one safely endured the wave, but the other would have killed, and people who were in it were missing.
Miller discovered that trees growing on the upper boundary of the naked area, just below 600 m above the bay, bent and broken, their fallen trunks are directed to the top of the mountain, but the roots are not pulled out of the soil. Something pushed these trees up. The huge force, which accomplished this, could not be anything else, as the riding a giant wave, which was overwhelmed by the mountain at that July evening of 1958. "
Mr. Howard J. Ulrich on her yacht, which is called "Edri", entered the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Bay of Lituya about eight in the evening and became anchored at the nine-meter depth in a small cove in the southern shore. Howard says that suddenly the yacht began to rock much. He ran to the deck and saw the rocks in the northeastern part of the bay came into motion because of the earthquake and the water began to fall a huge blocking of the breed. About two and a half minutes after the earthquake, he heard a stunning sound from the destruction of the rock.
"We have seen exactly that the wave went from the Bay of Hilbert, accurately before the earthquake ended. But at first it was not a wave. At first it was more like an explosion, as if the glacier would split into parts. The wave grown out of the surface of the water, at first it was almost no visible, who would have thought that then the water would rise to a semi-kilometer height. "
Ulrich said that he watched the whole process of development of the wave, which reached their yachts in a very short time - something about two and a half or three minutes since it was first noted. "Since we did not want to lose anchor, we completely caught an anchor chain (about 72 meters) and started the engine. After halfway between the northeast edge of the Bay Lituya and the Island of Satotaf, it was possible to see the wall of the water of the thirty-meter height, which stretched from one shore to another. When the wave approached the northern part of the island, it was divided into two parts, but, having passed the southern part of the island, the wave again became one. She was smooth, only from above was a small scallop. When this water mountain approached our yacht, her front was steep enough and his height was from 15 to 20 meters.
Before the wave came to the place where our yacht was located, we did not feel any decrease in water or other changes, with the exception of light vibration, which was transferred on water from the tectonic processes that began to act during the earthquake. As soon as the wave approached us and began to raise our yacht, the anchor chain shook himself. The yacht suffered towards the southern shore and then, on the back of the wave, towards the center of the bay. The peak of the wave was not very wide, from 7 to 15 meters, and the rear front was less steep than the front.
When a gigantic wave flashed past us, the water surface returned to his normal level, but we could observe around the yacht a lot of turbulent twists, as well as the random waves of the six-meter height, which moved from one shore of the bay to another. These waves have not formed any noticeable movement of water from the mouth of the bay to its northeastern part and back. "
After 25-30 minutes, the surface of the bay calmed down. Near the shores it was possible to see a lot of logs, branches and torn trees. All this trash slowly drifted towards the center of the Bay Lituya and to his mouth. In fact, during the entire incident, Ulrich did not lose control over the yacht. When at 11 pm "Edri" approached the entrance to the bay, it was possible to observe the normal flow, which is usually caused by the daily ocean water tide.
Other eyewitnesses of the catastrophe, a married couple Svneson on a yacht called "Badger", entered the Bay of Lituya about nine evenings. At first, their ship approached the island of Satotaf, and then returned to the anchorage bay on the north bank of the bay, not far from his mouth (see map). Svenson steel anchored at a depth of about seven meters and went to bed. William Svenson's dream was interrupted due to severe vibration of the yacht case. He ran to the head of the control and began to clock what was happening.
Slightly more than a minute from the moment when William felt vibration for the first time, and probably before the end of the earthquake, he looked towards the northeastern part of the bay, which was visible against the background of the Isot of Satotaf. The traveler saw something he accepted first for the Lituya Glacier, who rose into the air and began to move towards the observer. "It seemed that this mass was solid, but she jumped and swayed. Big pieces of ice constantly fell in front of this block. " After a short time, "the glacier disappeared from the field of view, and instead of him in that place there was a big wave and went in the direction of Kosh La Gauss, just where our yacht was anchored." In addition, Svenson drew attention to the fact that the wave flooded the shore at a very noticeable height.
When the wave was the island of Senotaf, her height was about 15 meters in the center of the Bay and smoothly decreased near the shores. She passed the island about two and a half minutes after it could first notice, and reached the yacht "Badger" after eleven and a half minutes (approximately). Before the arrival of the wave, William, as well as Howard Ulrich, did not notice any decrease in the water level or any turbulent phenomena.
Yacht "Badger", which still stood anchored, raised the wave and suffered in the direction of Kosh La Gauss. The yacht feed at the same time was below the crest of the wave, so the position of the vessel resembled the surfboard. Svenson looked at this moment at the place where the trees growing on La Gaussey should be visible. At that moment they were hidden by water. William noted that the trees layer was located on top of the trees, equal to about two lengths of his yacht, about 25 meters.
Passing the braid La Gaussi, the wave very quickly went to the decline. In the place where the Swanson yacht stood, the water level began to fall, and the ship hit the bottom of the bay, remaining afloat near the shore. After 3-4 minutes after the strike, Svenson saw that the water continues to flow over the oblique La Gauss, carrying logs and other fragments of forest vegetation. He was not sure that this was not a second wave, which could move the yacht through the braid to the Bay of Alaska. Therefore, Spouses Svenson left their yacht, having moved to a small boat, with which a fishing vessel was picked up a couple of hours later.
During the incident in the Lituya Bay, there was a third ship. It was anchored at the entrance to the bay and was surrounded by a huge wave. None of the people who were aboard did not survive who died, allegedly two.
What happened July 9, 1958? That evening a huge cliff fell into the water with a steep cliff, towering over the northeast coast of Hilbert bay. The collapse area is marked on a red card. The blow of an incredible mass of stones with a very large height caused an unprecedented tsunami, which he erased from the face of the earth, all the lives, which was located all over the shore of the Bay of Lituya, up to the braid of La Gaussi.
After passing the wave on both shores of the bay, not only vegetation remained, but even the soil, there was a naked rock rock on the surface of the shore. The area of \u200b\u200bdamage is shown on a yellow card. The numbers along the shore of the Bay denote the height above the sea level of the damaged area of \u200b\u200bthe sushi and approximately correspond to the height of the waves last here.
Waves driven by the wind and crashing from the shore belong to those things that can be watching forever. In particular, if the height of them is such a record that water can cover you in full growth. There is a special place on our planet where you can observe the most high waves regularly.
Nazare - Fishing Dress with Giant Waves
In Portugal, on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, there is a small village of Nazare. This is a real fishing village, founded in the XVI century, where about 10 thousand inhabitants live.
The village of colorful, with beautiful sandy beaches (according to some information, the best in Portugal), with good-natured residents who still can be found in bright traditional outfits. There is even a fisherman's museum, and other attractions: Church of Our Lady, Quarter City with a stunning panorama, 900-year-old chapel and lighthouse. But travelers go here at all. The fact is that here the waves of a giant height, on which surfers establish world records.
Therefore, everyone who loves surfing is simply necessary to visit here. And also to those who want to look at the swelling element, because nothing does not fascinate as the ocean, his strength and power.
Waves on which they put records
IN summer time Nazare looks like a classic resort: heat, sea, beach with many tourists. But the fun here does not stop in winter: the real extremals and lovers go here, but to swim at this time here is the present injury. It is winter that the surfers season begins: the coast waves reach 25-30 meters in height.
For the first time, the town brought the popularity of Hawaiian surfer Garrett McNamara. He arrived in Nazare to ride on the board. It was here that he conquered the largest wave in the world on a sandy day. Its height accounted for 24 meters. After a couple of years, surfist returned and beat his record, this time the wave reached 30 meters. After that, the Lighthouse in Nazare was turned into a museum named after Garrett McNamara. The main exhibit here is the same Mercedes Benz production board, on which the world record was installed.
Where are such big waves
In fact, such waves are rare enough (of course, if we do not talk about tsunami or killer waves). However, it is in fact explain everything is easy enough. The fact is that the village is located next to the largest underwater gorge in Europe - Nazare Canyon. And this gorge is actually huge: in length it stretches about 170 kilometers, and the deepest point of the canyon is 5 thousand meters from the surface.
Therefore, the North Atlantic Storms fall into the canyon and are sent to the shore. But since the coasts have too small and cannot stop all this power, the waves find a way out on the shore. So here such giants are regular phenomenon.
