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In a closed system, the algebraic sum of the charges of all particles remains unchanged q1 + q2 + q3 +…….+qn =const (Law of conservation of electric charge)
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Coulomb Charles Augustin (1736-1806) French physicist Charles Coulomb was born in the city of Angoulême. After graduation high school he entered military service. He underwent engineering training in Paris and was sent to the island of Martinique to build fortifications. In 1772, Coulon returned to France and was appointed engineer for fortifications and water structures. Simultaneously with the service, he held Scientific research. At first he was attracted by the problems of friction, torsion and resistance of materials. His name became known in the scientific world in 1777, when he published a series of papers in which he presented the results of experiments on measuring the torsion of hair, silk and metal threads. For these works, in 1781, Coulomb was elected a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences.
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Using the torsion balances he invented, Coulomb studied in detail the interaction of like and unlike point electric charges. These experiments led to the discovery in 1785 of the fundamental law of electrostatics - Coulomb's law. In his published works 1785-1789. the scientist showed that electric charges are always located on the surface of a conductor, introduced the concepts of magnetic moment and polarization of charges, etc. Coulomb's experimental work was important for the creation of the theory of electromagnetic phenomena. The unit of quantity of electricity (Coulomb) is named after him.
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The force of interaction between two point stationary charged bodies in a vacuum is directly proportional to the product of the charge modules and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This force is called Coulomb force
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F= k (|q1| * |q2|) ε *r2 |q1| and |q2| - Charge modules (C) r – distance between charges (m) k = 9 * 109 N *m2/C2 F – Interaction force of two point stationary charged bodies (N) ε – dielectric constant (ε = Fvac/ Fmedium)
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The force of interaction between two point stationary charged bodies in a vacuum is directly proportional to the product of the charge modules and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The Coulomb force obeys Newton's III law: the interaction forces between charges are equal in magnitude and directed opposite to each other along the straight line connecting these charges. Coulomb forces F - central forces
O Charles Augustin Coulomb (1736 -1806) - an outstanding French engineer and physicist, one of the founders of electrostatics. He studied the torsional deformation of threads and established its laws. He invented (1784) the torsion balance and discovered (1785) the law named after him. Established the laws of dry friction. Coulomb's experimental studies were fundamental to the formation of the doctrine of electricity and magnetism.
Childhood and youth Charles Augustin de Coulon was born into a wealthy family in Angoulême, France. His father, Henri Coulon, came from a prominent family of lawyers, and his mother, Catherine Bage, was a representative of a noble family. As a child, Coulon and his family moved to Paris, where he studied mathematics at the College of the Four Nations, and then entered the Mézières School of Military Engineers, from which he graduated in 1761.
Basic scientific works In 1785, Coulomb's three main scientific reports on electricity and magnetism were published: “First Work on Electricity and Magnetism,” “Second Work on Electricity and Magnetism,” and “Third Work on Electricity and Magnetism.” In his famous work from 1789, entitled “The Seventh Work,” Coulomb explains the issue of electric charges and magnetic fields (the law of attraction and repulsion).
Personal life and legacy Coulomb's first son was born on February 26, 1790, and his second on July 30, 1797 from Louise Françoise Leproux Desormeaux, a woman he loved, but whom he did not marry until 1802. Having had health problems throughout my life, great physicist died of fever in 1806. There is a crater on the Moon named after Coulomb for his services to humanity.
Interesting Facts O His name is one of 72 that are placed on the Eiffel Tower. O Unit international system units - pendant - named after him. O The theory of earth pressure and the generalized theory of wedge, which relate to the mechanics of granular solids and were proposed by Coulomb, are still part of the foundations of engineering practice. O The list of his achievements includes the invention of torsion (torsion) scales.
Message on the topic:
"Pendant Charles Augustin"
Charles Augustin Pendant ( 1736- 1806)
French military engineer and physicist, researcher of electromagnetic and mechanical phenomena; Member of the Paris Academy of Sciences. The unit of electric charge and the law of interaction of electric charges are named after him.
Biography
Charles Coulon was born on June 14, 1736 in Angouleme, in the family of a government official. He studied at the College of the Four Nations. After graduating from this institution, he passed the exams and in February 1760 entered the Military Engineering School in Mézières, one of the best higher technical educational institutions XVIII century. He graduated from the School in 1761, received the rank of lieutenant and was sent to Brest, where he was engaged in cartographic work. Then, for several years, Coulon served in the engineering forces on the French island of Martinique at Fort Bourbon. I was seriously ill many times. Due to health reasons, he was forced to return to France and served in La Rochelle and Cherbourg. In 1781 he settled in Paris. After the outbreak of the revolution in 1789, he resigned and lived in Blois.
In the early 1770s, Coulomb became actively involved in scientific research. Published works on technical mechanics (statics of structures, theory of windmills, mechanical aspects of torsion of threads, etc.) Coulomb formulated the laws of torsion; invented torsion balances, which he himself used to measure electric and magnetic interaction forces. In 1781 he described experiments on sliding and rolling friction? and formulated the laws of dry friction. From 1785 to 1789, he published seven memoirs, where he formulated the law of interaction of electric charges and magnetic poles (Coulomb's law), as well as the pattern of distribution of electric charges on the surface of a conductor. Introduced the concepts of magnetic moment and charge polarization. In 1789 he published a work on the theory of sliding friction.
After the revolution, the Academy of Sciences repeatedly summoned the scientist to Paris to participate in the determination of weights and measures. Coulomb became one of the first members National Institute, which replaced the academy. Coulomb died on August 23, 1806 in Paris.
Charles Augustin de Coulon was born into a wealthy family in Angouleme, France. His father, Henri Coulon, came from a prominent family of lawyers, and his mother, Catherine Bage, was a representative of a noble family.
As a child, Coulon and his family moved to Paris, where he studied mathematics at the College of the Four Nations, and then entered the Mézières School of Military Engineers, from which he graduated in 1761.
Career
Coulomb began his career in the Army Corps of Engineers with the rank of lieutenant. Among other things, he was involved in construction design and mechanics of bulk solids. He worked in many difficult locations that came under the protectorate of France in the next 20 years.
During his work on the island of Martinique, the territory came under British control in 1762, but was eventually returned to France under the terms of the Treaty of Paris in 1763. Coulon also worked on the construction of the new Fort Bourbon, which was completed by June 1772. The practical engineering skills he acquired while serving in the military and working on projects proved very useful for his further research in mechanics.
After returning to France, Coulomb began to study applied mechanics, and in 1773 he presented his first work at the Paris Academy of Sciences. His calculations, with the help of which engineering problems could be successfully solved, amazed the representatives of the academy, and on July 6, 1774, Coulomb was appointed Bossu's corresponding student.
In 1777, while serving in Cherbourg, Coulomb wrote and submitted his most famous work on magnetic compasses to the Academy of Sciences competition. His work won first place and he received a monetary award and also received attention for his early work on torsion balances.
In 1779, Coulomb, together with the outstanding military engineer Marc René de Montalembert, worked on the construction of a wooden fort at Rochefort. While supervising the work being carried out there, Coulomb continued his scientific research and wrote a major work on the theory of friction, using the Rochefort shipyard as his laboratory. His work on friction, entitled “The Theory of Simple Machines,” won the Grand Prix of the Academy of Sciences in 1781.
In 1781, Coulomb was elected to the Academy of Sciences in the class of mechanics. He moved to Paris and became a consulting engineer, and devoted the rest of his life to physics.
Between 1785 and 1791 he wrote seven key memoirs dealing with various aspects of electricity and magnetism.
He also formulated a theory known as “Coulomb’s Law” with the following formulation: “The modulus of the force of interaction of two point charges in a vacuum is directly proportional to the product of the moduli of these charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.”
In 1784, Coulomb was appointed caretaker of the royal fountains, and in his post he was responsible for providing water to Paris.
After the Great french revolution Many institutions in the country underwent reorganization, and, dissatisfied with it, Coulomb left the school of military engineers in 1791. In 1793, he moved to his home near the town of Blois and continued his scientific research. In December 1795, Coulomb returned to Paris again, where he was elected a member of the Institute of France. During 1802-1806, while serving as Inspector General of State educational institutions, he was absorbed in educational issues.
Main scientific works
In 1785, Coulomb's three main scientific reports on electricity and magnetism were published: “First Work on Electricity and Magnetism,” “Second Work on Electricity and Magnetism,” and “Third Work on Electricity and Magnetism.”
In his famous work from 1789, entitled “The Seventh Work,” Coulomb explains the issue of electric charges and magnetic fields (the law of attraction and repulsion).
Charles-Augustin Coulon Educational center "Niva" Purpose To tell about the scientist (Coulomb) who graduated from the military engineering school and discovered: Coulomb scales. Educational center "Niva" Conclusions Coulon spent his childhood and youth in Paris, where he studied at college. Then he enters the military engineering school in Mézières. In 1761, Coulon went to the island of Martinique to build a military fort. In 1776, he returned to France and published his first work. He soon became a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences. Here he conducts experiments and makes an important discovery. The new law is named after him. In 1784, he invents the scales, which are also named after him. Coulomb's discoveries and inventions belong to the main ones in science Educational center "Niva" Contents 1) Biography of Charles-Augustin Coulomb. 2) Beginning and ending of military engineering school. 3) Coulomb’s contribution to the development of science. 4) Pendant scales. 5) Coulomb's law. Educational center "Niva" Charles-Augustin Coulon (1736-1806) French physicist and military engineer. and Born in Angoulême (France) in the family of a government official. He spent his childhood in Paris, where he studied at the College of the Four Nations. It was here that the young man’s interest in studying the exact sciences manifested itself. 1 Educational center "Niva" Beginning and ending of the military engineering school Then Coulon entered the military engineering school in Mezières - one of the best higher technical educational institutions of that time. In 1761, Coulon, who graduated from the Mézières school, was awarded the rank of lieutenant and given an order: to build a military fort on the island of Martinique. Educational center "Niva" After nine years of construction practice, Coulomb returned to France and in 1776 published the work “On the application of the rules of maximums and minimums to certain questions of statics related to architecture.” Soon he was elected a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences. He becomes a consultant on various technical issues. Coulomb balances Torsion balances, invented by C. Coulomb in 1784 and used by him to study the interaction of point electric charges and magnetic poles. In 1789, G. Cavendish used them to measure and determine the gravitational constant. The basic principle is to suspend the moving system of the device on a thin elastic thread or tape. Educational center "Niva" elastic thread with a horizontal lever suspended on it 2; 3 and 3" are conductive balls attached to the ends of the lever. The repulsive force of balls 3 and 4, carrying electric charges of the same name, is proportional to the angle of rotation of the rocker arm and is counted on a scale of 5. Coulomb's Law According to Coulomb's law, electrical repulsions occur; it also controls the magnetic phenomena of attraction and repulsion. Coulomb's experiments, from which these laws were derived, as well as some of his arguments, are not accurate enough for modern times, but, nevertheless, Coulomb's works belong to the main ones. Educational center "Niva" Continuation of Coulomb's law The force of interaction between two point electric charges is proportional to the magnitude of these charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Educational center "Niva" Continued!!! Electrostatics in modern understanding begins with the realization that such behavior (attraction or repulsion), observed by the ancient Greeks, is a consequence of the existence in nature of two types of electrical charges, positive and negative. In an atom they are separated. Educational center "Niva" About the author Name: Sergey. Last name: Kuznetsov. Patronymic: Alekseevich. Place of residence: Moscow region, Khotkovo, st. Pionerskaya, house 16. Place of training: Khotkovo, secondary school No. 5, student of 7th grade. Educational center "Niva" Sources Acquiring information: Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Internet. Educational center "Niva" The end Once again. Educational center "Niva"
