Hades - God is the ruler of the kingdom of the dead.
Antey- hero of myths, giant, son of Poseidon and the Earth of Gaia. The earth gave its son strength, thanks to which no one could control him.
Apollo- God sunlight. The Greeks depicted him as a beautiful young man.
Ares- god of treacherous war, son of Zeus and Hera
Asclepius- god of healing arts, son of Apollo and the nymph Coronis
Boreas- god of the north wind, son of the Titanides Astraeus (starry sky) and Eos (morning dawn), brother of Zephyr and Note. He was depicted as a winged, long-haired, bearded, powerful deity.
Bacchus- one of the names of Dionysus.
Helios (Helium ) - god of the Sun, brother of Selene (goddess of the Moon) and Eos (morning dawn). In late antiquity he was identified with Apollo, the god of sunlight.
Hermes- the son of Zeus and Maya, one of the most polysemantic Greek gods. Patron of wanderers, crafts, trade, thieves. Possessing the gift of eloquence.
Hephaestus- son of Zeus and Hera, god of fire and blacksmithing. He was considered the patron of artisans.
Hypnos- deity of sleep, son of Nikta (Night). He was depicted as a winged youth.
Dionysus (Bacchus) - the god of viticulture and winemaking, the object of a number of cults and mysteries. He was depicted either as an obese elderly man or as a young man with a wreath of grape leaves on his head.
Zagreus- god of fertility, son of Zeus and Persephone.
Zeus- supreme god, king of gods and people.
Marshmallow- god of the west wind.
Iacchus- god of fertility.
Kronos - titan , youngest son of Gaia and Uranus, father of Zeus. He ruled the world of gods and people and was overthrown from the throne by Zeus...
Mom- son of the goddess of Night, god of slander.
Morpheus- one of the sons of Hypnos, god of dreams.
Nereus- son of Gaia and Pontus, meek sea god.
Note- the god of the south wind, depicted with a beard and wings.
Ocean is titanium , son of Gaia and Uranus, brother and husband of Tethys and father of all the rivers of the world.
Olympians- the supreme gods of the younger generation of Greek gods, led by Zeus, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus.
Pan- forest god, son of Hermes and Dryope, goat-footed man with horns. He was considered the patron saint of shepherds and small livestock.
Pluto- the god of the underworld, often identified with Hades, but unlike from him, who owned not the souls of the dead, but the riches of the underworld.
Plutos- son of Demeter, god who gives wealth to people.
Pont- one of the older ones greek deities, the offspring of Gaia, god of the sea, father of many titans and gods.
Poseidon- one of the Olympian gods, brother of Zeus and Hades, who rules over the sea elements. Poseidon was also subject to the bowels of the earth,
he commanded storms and earthquakes.
Proteus- sea deity, son of Poseidon, patron of seals. He had the gift of reincarnation and prophecy.
Satires- goat-footed creatures, demons of fertility.
Thanatos- personification of death, twin brother of Hypnos.
Titans- generation of Greek gods, ancestors of the Olympians.
Typhon- a hundred-headed dragon born of Gaia or Hera. During the battle of the Olympians and the Titans, he was defeated by Zeus and imprisoned under the volcano Etna in Sicily.
Triton- son of Poseidon, one of the sea deities, a man with a fish tail instead of legs, holding a trident and a twisted shell - a horn.
Chaos- an endless empty space from which at the beginning of time the most ancient gods of the Greek religion - Nyx and Erebus - emerged.
Chthonic gods - deities of the underworld and fertility, relatives of the Olympians. These included Hades, Hecate, Hermes, Gaia, Demeter, Dionysus and Persephone.
Cyclops - giants with one eye in the middle of the forehead, children of Uranus and Gaia.
Eurus (Eur)- god of the southeast wind.
Aeolus- lord of the winds.
Erebus- personification of the darkness of the underworld, son of Chaos and brother of Night.
Eros (Eros)- god of love, son of Aphrodite and Ares. In the most ancient myths - a self-emerging force that contributed to the ordering of the world. He was depicted as a winged youth (in the Hellenistic era - a boy) with arrows, accompanying his mother.
Ether- deity of the sky
Goddesses of ancient Greece
Artemis- goddess of hunting and nature.
Atropos- one of the three moiras, cutting the thread of fate and ending human life.
Athena (Pallada, Parthenos) - daughter of Zeus, born from his head in full military weapons. One of the most revered Greek goddesses, the goddess of just war and wisdom, the patroness of knowledge.
Aphrodite (Kytharea, Urania) - goddess of love and beauty. She was born from the marriage of Zeus and the goddess Dione (according to another legend, she came out of the sea foam)
Hebe- daughter of Zeus and Hera, goddess of youth. Sister of Ares and Ilithyia. She served the Olympian gods at feasts.
Hecate- goddess of darkness, night visions and sorcery, patroness of sorcerers.
Gemera- goddess of daylight, personification of the day, born of Nikta and Erebus. Often identified with Eos.
Hera- the supreme Olympian goddess, sister and third wife of Zeus, daughter of Rhea and Kronos, sister of Hades, Hestia, Demeter and Poseidon. Hera was considered the patroness of marriage.
Hestia- goddess of the hearth and fire.
Gaia- mother earth, foremother of all gods and people.
Demitra- goddess of fertility and agriculture.
Dryads- lower deities, nymphs who lived in trees.
Diana-goddess of the hunt
Ilithia- patron goddess of women in labor.
Iris- winged goddess, assistant of Hera, messenger of the gods.
Calliope- muse of epic poetry and science.
Kera- demonic creatures, children of the goddess Nikta, bringing troubles and death to people.
Clio- one of the nine muses, the muse of history.
Clotho ("spinner") - one of the moiras that spin the thread of human life.
Lachesis- one of the three Moira sisters, who determine the fate of every person even before birth.
Summer- Titanide, mother of Apollo and Artemis.
Mayan- a mountain nymph, the eldest of the seven Pleiades - the daughters of Atlas, the beloved of Zeus, from whom Hermes was born to her.
Melpomene- muse of tragedy.
Metis- goddess of wisdom, the first of the three wives of Zeus, who conceived Athena from him.
Mnemosyne- mother of nine muses, goddess of memory.
Moira- goddess of fate, daughter of Zeus and Themis.
Muses- patron goddess of the arts and sciences.
Naiads- nymphs-guardians of waters.
Nemesis- daughter of Nikta, a goddess who personified fate and retribution, punishing people in accordance with their sins.
Nereids- fifty daughters of Nereus and the oceanids Doris, sea deities.
Nika- personification of victory. She was often depicted wearing a wreath, a common symbol of triumph in Greece.
Nymphs- lower deities in the hierarchy of Greek gods. They personified the forces of nature.
Nikta- one of the first Greek deities, the goddess is the personification of the primordial Night
Orestiades- mountain nymphs.
Ory- goddess of the seasons, peace and order, daughter of Zeus and Themis.
Peyto- goddess of persuasion, companion of Aphrodite, often identified with her patroness.
Persephone- daughter of Demeter and Zeus, goddess of fertility. The wife of Hades and the queen of the underworld, who knew the secrets of life and death.
Polyhymnia- the muse of serious hymn poetry.
Tethys- daughter of Gaia and Uranus, wife of Ocean and mother of the Nereids and Oceanids.
Rhea- mother of the Olympian gods.
Sirens- female demons, half-woman, half-bird, capable of changing the weather at sea.
Waist- the muse of comedy.
Terpsichore- muse of dance art.
Tisiphone- one of the Erinyes.
Quiet- goddess of fate and chance among the Greeks, companion of Persephone. She was depicted as a winged woman standing on a wheel and holding a cornucopia and a ship's rudder in her hands.
Urania- one of the nine muses, patroness of astronomy.
Themis- Titanide, goddess of justice and law, second wife of Zeus, mother of mountains and moira.
Charites- goddess of female beauty, the embodiment of a kind, joyful and eternally young beginning of life.
Eumenides- another hypostasis of the Erinyes, revered as goddesses of benevolence, who prevented misfortunes.
Eris- daughter of Nyx, sister of Ares, goddess of discord.
Erinyes- goddesses of vengeance, creatures of the underworld, who punished injustice and crimes.
Erato- Muse of lyrical and erotic poetry.
Eos- goddess of the dawn, sister of Helios and Selene. The Greeks called it “rose-fingered.”
Euterpe- muse of lyrical chant. Depicted with a double flute in her hand.
Introduction
Like the Bible, the myths and legends of antiquity had a huge influence on the development of culture, literature and art. Back in the Renaissance, writers, artists, and sculptors began to widely use themes from the tales of the ancient Romans in their work. Therefore, myths gradually became an integral part of European culture, as, in fact, did the masterpieces created based on them. “Perseus and Andromeda” by Rubens, “Landscape by Polyphemus” by Poussin, “Danae” and “Flora” by Rembrandt, “The Meeting of Apollo and Diana” by K. Bryullov, “The Abduction of Europa” by V. Serov, “Poseidon Rushing Across the Sea” by I. Aivazovsky and etc.
I. What did the Romans believe?
The ancient Roman religion was radically different from the Greek. The sober Romans, whose wretched imagination did not create a folk epic like the Iliad and the Odyssey, also did not know mythology. Their gods are lifeless. These were vague characters, without pedigree, without marital and family ties, which united the Greek gods into one big family. Often they did not even have real names, but only nicknames, like nicknames that defined the boundaries of their power and actions. They didn't tell any legends. This absence of legends, in which we now see a certain lack of creative imagination, was considered by the ancients to be an advantage of the Romans, who were reputed to be the most religious people. It was from the Romans that the words came and subsequently became widespread in all languages: religion - the worship of imaginary supernatural forces and cult - meaning in a figurative sense “to honor”, “to please” and involving the performance of religious rituals. The Greeks were amazed by this religion, which did not have myths discrediting the honor and dignity of the gods. The world of the Roman gods did not know Kronos, who mutilated his father and devoured his children, did not know crimes and immorality.
The ancient Roman religion reflected the simplicity of hardworking farmers and shepherds, completely absorbed in the daily affairs of their humble lives. Having lowered his head to the furrow that his wooden plow plowed, and to the meadows in which his cattle grazed, the ancient Roman did not feel the desire to turn his gaze to the stars. He did not honor either the sun, or the moon, or all those celestial phenomena that with their mysteries excited the imagination of other Indo-European peoples. He had had enough of the secrets contained in the most mundane, everyday affairs and in his immediate surroundings. If one of the Romans had walked around ancient Italy, he would have seen people praying in groves, altars crowned with flowers, grottoes decorated with greenery, trees decorated with horns and skins of animals whose blood irrigated the ants growing under them, hills surrounded by special veneration , stones anointed with oil.
Everywhere some kind of deity seemed to appear, and it was not for nothing that one of the Latin writers said that in this country it is easier to meet a god than a person.
According to the Roman, human life in all, even the smallest, manifestations was subject to power and was under the tutelage of various gods, so that man at every step depended on some higher power. Along with such gods as Jupiter and Mars, whose power was increasingly increasing, there were an innumerable number of less significant gods, spirits who took care of various actions in life and economy. Their influence concerned only certain aspects in the cultivation of the land, the growth of cereals, raising livestock, beekeeping and human life. The Vatican opened the child's mouth for the first cry, Kunina was the patroness of the cradle, Rumina took care of the baby's food, Potina and Edusa taught the child to drink and eat after weaning, Cuba watched over the transfer of him from the cradle to bed, Ossipago made sure that the child's bones grew together correctly , Statan taught him to stand, and Fabulin taught him to speak, Iterduk and Domiduk led the child when he left the house for the first time.
All these deities were completely faceless. The Roman did not dare to assert with complete certainty that he knew the real name of the god or that he could distinguish whether he was a god or a goddess. In his prayers, he also maintained the same caution and said: “Jupiter the Most Good, the Greatest, or if you wish to be called by some other name.” And when making a sacrifice, he said: “Are you a god or a goddess, are you a man or a woman?” On the Palatine (one of the seven hills on which Ancient Rome was located) there is still an altar on which there is no name, but only an evasive formula: “To God or goddess, husband or woman,” and the gods themselves had to decide who owns the sacrifices made on this altar. Such an attitude towards the deity was incomprehensible to the Greek. He knew very well that Zeus was a man and Hera was a woman, and did not doubt it for a second.
The Roman gods did not descend to earth and did not show themselves to people as willingly as the Greek gods. They stayed away from a person and even if they wanted to warn him about something, they never appeared directly: in the depths of the forests, in the darkness of temples, or in the silence of the fields, sudden mysterious exclamations were heard, with the help of which God gave a warning signal. There has never been any intimacy between God and man.
Odysseus arguing with Athena, Diomedes fighting with Aphrodite, all the quarrels and intrigues of the Greek heroes with Olympus were incomprehensible to the Roman. If a Roman covered his head with a cloak during a sacrifice or prayer, he probably did this not only in order to concentrate more, but also out of fear of seeing the god if he chose to be nearby.
In ancient Rome, all knowledge about the gods essentially boiled down to how they should be revered and at what moment to ask for their help. A thoroughly and precisely developed system of sacrifices and rituals constituted the entire religious life of the Romans. They imagined the gods to be similar to praetors (Praetor is one of the highest officials in Ancient Rome. The praetors were in charge of judicial affairs.) and were convinced that, like the judge, the one who does not understand the official formalities loses the case. Therefore, there were books in which everything was provided and where one could find prayers for all occasions. The rules had to be strictly followed; any violation negated the results of the service.
The Roman was constantly in fear that he had performed the rituals incorrectly. The slightest omission in prayer, some non-prescribed movement, a sudden hitch in a religious dance, damage to a musical instrument during a sacrifice was enough for the same ritual to be repeated again. There were cases when everyone started over thirty times until the sacrifice was performed flawlessly. When making a prayer containing a request, the priest had to be careful not to omit any expression or pronounce it in an inappropriate place. Therefore, someone read, and the priest repeated after him word for word, the reader was assigned an assistant who monitored whether everything was read correctly. A special servant of the priest ensured that those present remained silent, and at the same time the trumpeter blew the trumpet with all his might so that nothing could be heard except the words of the prayer being said.
Equally carefully and carefully they carried out all kinds of fortune-telling that the Romans had great importance in public and privacy. Before each important task, they first learned the will of the gods, manifested in various signs, which priests called augurs were able to observe and explain. Thunder and lightning, a sudden sneeze, the fall of an object in a sacred place, an attack of epilepsy in a public square - all such phenomena, even the most insignificant, but occurring at an unusual or important moment, acquired the significance of a divine omen. The most favorite was fortune telling by the flight of birds. When the Senate or consuls had to make any decision, declare war or proclaim peace, promulgate new laws, they first of all turned to the augurs with the question of whether the time was right for this. The Augur made a sacrifice and prayed, and at midnight he went to the Capitol, the most sacred hill in Rome, and, facing south, looked at the sky. At dawn, birds flew by, and depending on which direction they flew from, what they were like and how they behaved, the augur predicted whether the planned business would be successful or fail. Thus, finicky chickens ruled a powerful republic, and military leaders in the face of the enemy had to obey their whims.
This primitive religion was called the religion of Numa, after the second of the seven Roman kings, who was credited with establishing the most important religious principles. She was very simple, devoid of any pomp, and knew neither statues nor temples. In its pure form it did not last long. The religious ideas of neighboring peoples penetrated into it, and now it is difficult to recreate its appearance, hidden by later layers.
Foreign gods easily took root in Rome, since the Romans had the custom, after conquering a city, to move the vanquished gods to their capital in order to earn their favor and protect themselves from their wrath.
This is how, for example, the Romans invited the Carthaginian gods to come to them. The priest proclaimed a solemn spell: “You are a goddess or a god who extends guardianship over the people or the state of the Carthaginians, you who protect this city, I offer prayers to you, I pay homage to you, I ask for your mercy, so that the people and the state of the Carthaginians leave, so that they leave their temples so that they leave them. Come join me in Rome. May our churches and city be more pleasant to you. Be merciful and supportive to me and the Roman people and to our soldiers the way we want it and how we understand it. If you do this, I promise that a temple will be built for you and games will be established in your honor.”
Before the Romans came into direct contact with the Greeks, who exerted such an overwhelming influence on their religious ideas, another people, closer geographically, discovered their spiritual superiority over the Romans. These were the Etruscans, a people of unknown origin, whose amazing culture has been preserved to this day in thousands of monuments and speaks to us in an incomprehensible language of inscriptions, unlike any other language in the world. They occupied the northwestern part of Italy, from the Apennines to the sea, a country
fertile valleys and sunny hills, running down to the Tiber, the river that connected them with the Romans. Rich and powerful, the Etruscans, from the heights of their fortified cities, standing on steep and inaccessible mountains, dominated vast expanses of land. Their kings dressed in purple, sat on chairs lined with ivory, and were surrounded by honorary guards armed with bundles of rods with axes stuck in them. The Etruscans had a fleet and for a very long time maintained trade relations with the Greeks in Sicily and southern Italy. From them they borrowed writing and many religious ideas, which, however, they altered in their own way.
Not much can be said about the Etruscan gods. Among large number their trinity stands out above the others: Tini, the thunder god, like Jupiter, Uni, the queen goddess, like Juno, and the winged goddess Menfra, corresponding to the Latin Minerva. This is, as it were, a prototype of the famous Capitoline Trinity. With superstitious piety, the Etruscans revered the souls of the dead, as cruel creatures thirsting for blood. The Etruscans performed human sacrifices at the graves; gladiator fights, later adopted by the Romans, were initially part of the cult of the dead among the Etruscans. They believed in the existence of a real hell, where Harun, an old man of half-animal appearance, with wings, armed with a heavy hammer, delivers souls. On the painted walls of Etruscan graves there is a whole string of similar demons: Mantus, the king of hell, also winged, with a crown on his head and a torch in his hand; Tukhulkha, a monster with an eagle's beak, donkey ears and snakes on his head instead of hair, and many others. In an ominous line they surround the unfortunate, frightened human souls.
Etruscan legends say that one day in the vicinity of the city of Tarquinii, when peasants were plowing the land, a man with the face and figure of a child, but with gray hair and a beard like an old man, emerged from a wet furrow. His name was Tages. As a crowd gathered around him, he began to preach the rules of fortune telling and religious ceremonies. The king of those places ordered a book to be compiled from the commandments of Tages. Since then, the Etruscans believed that they knew better than other peoples how to interpret divine signs and predictions. Fortune telling was carried out by special priests - haruspices. When an animal was sacrificed, they carefully examined its insides: the shape and position of the heart, liver, lungs - and, according to certain rules, predicted the future. They knew what each lightning meant, and by its color they knew which god it came from. The haruspices turned a huge and complex system of supernatural signs into a whole science, which was later adopted by the Romans.
The names of most of the gods are designed as hyperlinks, which can take you to a detailed article about each of them.
The main deities of Ancient Greece: 12 Olympian gods, their assistants and companions
The main gods in Ancient Hellas were recognized as those who belonged to the younger generation of celestials. Once upon a time, it took away power over the world from the older generation, who personified the main universal forces and elements (see about this in the article The Origin of the Gods of Ancient Greece). The gods of the older generation are usually called titans. Having defeated the Titans, the younger gods, led by Zeus, settled on Mount Olympus. The ancient Greeks honored the 12 Olympian gods. Their list usually included Zeus, Hera, Athena, Hephaestus, Apollo, Artemis, Poseidon, Ares, Aphrodite, Demeter, Hermes, Hestia. Hades is also close to the Olympian gods, but he does not live on Olympus, but in his underground kingdom.
Legends and myths of Ancient Greece. Cartoon
Goddess Artemis. Statue in the Louvre
Statue of Virgin Athena in the Parthenon. Ancient Greek sculptor Phidias
Hermes with caduceus. Statue from the Vatican Museum
Venus (Aphrodite) de Milo. Statue approx. 130-100 BC.
God Eros. Red-figure dish, ca. 340-320 BC e.
Hymen- companion of Aphrodite, god of marriage. After his name, wedding hymns were also called hymens in Ancient Greece.
- daughter of Demeter, kidnapped by the god Hades. The inconsolable mother, after a long search, found Persephone in the underworld. Hades, who made her his wife, agreed that she should spend part of the year on earth with her mother, and the other with him in the bowels of the earth. Persephone was the personification of grain, which, being “dead” sown into the ground, then “comes to life” and comes out of it into the light.
The abduction of Persephone. Antique jug, ca. 330-320 BC.
Amphitrite- wife of Poseidon, one of the Nereids
Proteus- one of the sea deities of the Greeks. Son of Poseidon, who had the gift of predicting the future and changing his appearance
Triton- son of Poseidon and Amphitrite, messenger depths of the sea blowing a conch shell. By appearance- a mixture of man, horse and fish. Close to the eastern god Dagon.
Eirene- goddess of peace, standing at the throne of Zeus on Olympus. In Ancient Rome - the goddess Pax.
Nika- goddess of victory. Constant companion Zeus. In Roman mythology - Victoria
Dike- in Ancient Greece - the personification of divine truth, a goddess hostile to deception
Tyukhe- goddess of luck and good fortune. For the Romans - Fortuna
Morpheus– ancient Greek god of dreams, son of the god of sleep Hypnos
Plutos- god of wealth
Phobos(“Fear”) – son and companion of Ares
Deimos(“Horror”) – son and companion of Ares
Enyo- among the ancient Greeks - the goddess of frantic war, who arouses rage in the fighters and brings confusion into the battle. In Ancient Rome - Bellona
Titans
Titans are the second generation of gods of Ancient Greece, generated by natural elements. The first Titans were six sons and six daughters, descended from the connection of Gaia-Earth with Uranus-Sky. Six sons: Cronus (Time among the Romans - Saturn), Ocean (father of all rivers), Hyperion, Kay, Kriy, Iapetus. Six daughters: Tethys(Water), Theia(Shine), Rhea(Mother Mountain?), Themis (Justice), Mnemosyne(Memory), Phoebe.
Uranus and Gaia. Ancient Roman mosaic 200-250 AD.
In addition to the Titans, Gaia gave birth to Cyclopes and Hecatoncheires from her marriage with Uranus.
Cyclops- three giants with a large, round, fiery eye in the middle of their forehead. In ancient times - personifications of clouds from which lightning flashes
Hecatoncheires- “hundred-handed” giants, against whose terrible strength nothing can resist. Incarnations of terrible earthquakes and floods.
The Cyclopes and Hecatoncheires were so strong that Uranus himself was horrified by their power. He tied them up and threw them deep into the earth, where they are still rampaging, causing volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. The presence of these giants in the belly of the earth began to cause terrible suffering. Gaia persuaded her youngest son, Krona, to take revenge on his father, Uranus.
Gods of Greek and Roman mythology in comparison
Correspondence of Roman and Greek Gods - a list showing the relationship between the gods and mythological heroes of the two cultures. Greek civilization had a great influence on the formation of Roman mythology. According to historians, the roots of Roman mythology originate in primitive myths associated with the deification of the forces of nature, the family, the origin of the community and the city. The influence of Greek mythology on Roman mythology affected later and dates back to approximately the 5th-6th centuries BC. e. The established pantheon of gods, extensive literature and the culture of myth-making inevitably influenced representatives of Roman civilization who were actively in contact with nearby states.
Roman author of the 3rd century BC. e. Livy Andronicus, who first translated the Odyssey into Latin, actively uses Greek “romanized” gods in his texts. Over time, Greek gods that the Romans had no analogues entered the Roman pantheon: Aesculapius, Apollo. This was a manifestation of a certain openness, tolerance and even a critical approach to religion. In ancient Rome, they easily accepted other gods into the pantheon, thus trying to attract them to their side.
|
Name of deity in Greek mythology |
Name of deity in Roman mythology |
Meaning of Deity in Greek Mythology |
The meaning of deity in Roman mythology |
||
|
Son of Rhea and Kronos, the most powerful and highest of the gods of the Greek people, father and ruler of people and gods. |
The powerful ruler of the sky, the personification of sunlight, thunderstorms, storms, who in anger threw lightning, striking with them those who disobeyed his divine will. |
||||
|
Ποσειδών |
Poseidon |
Shaker of the earth, ruler of the seas. |
King of the seas and oceans, god of the sea kingdom. |
||
|
Wife of Zeus, patroness of marriages, conjugal love and childbirth. |
Consort of Jupiter, queen of the sky, guardian of marriages, assistant during childbirth. She was also revered as a great goddess of fertility. |
||||
|
Pluto; also identified with Orc and Dit |
Brother of Zeus, great ruler of the underworld. |
Pluto is the god of the underworld; Orc - god of death; Dit is the god of the underworld. |
|||
|
Διόνυσος |
God of vegetation, wine and winemaking. |
God of wine, winemaking, fun. |
|||
|
God of forests and groves, god of shepherds, guardian of herds, patron of hunters, beekeepers, fishermen. |
Cheerful, active god of forests, groves, fields. |
||||
|
Goddess of fertility and agriculture. |
Goddess of the harvest, patroness of fertility. |
||||
|
Goddess of good fortune. |
Goddess of good fortune, like the Greeks. |
||||
|
Artemis |
Virgin goddess-hunter, patroness of animals, goddess of fertility, assistant during childbirth. |
Patroness of animals, flowering fields, green groves and forests. |
|||
|
Apollo (Phoebus) |
Twin brother of Artemis, diviner god, god of the sun and light, later patron of the arts, especially music. |
Twin brother of Artemis, diviner god, sun god, later patron of the arts, especially music. |
|||
|
Ἀφροδίτη |
Aphrodite |
Originally the goddess of fertility, then the goddess of love. Aphrodite was also considered as a goddess - the patroness of navigation. |
The patroness of flowering gardens, the goddess of spring, fertility, growth and flowering of all fruit-bearing forces of nature. |
||
|
Cupid or Cupid |
The son of Aphrodite is cheerful, playful, insidious; his arrows bring joy and happiness, but often carry suffering, torment of love and even death. |
Like Eros, he shoots his love arrows at victims, bringing them the joys and torments of love. |
|||
|
God of marriage. |
God of marriage. |
||||
|
Ἥφαιστος |
God of fire and blacksmithing, patron of metallurgy. |
God of fire and hearth, most skillful blacksmith, patron of artisans and jewelers. |
|||
|
Ἀθηνᾶ, Ἀθήωη, Ἀθηναίη |
Goddess of wisdom, patroness of cities and states both in days of peace and during war. |
Patroness of cities and the peaceful pursuits of their inhabitants. |
|||
|
God of war, the personification of ferocious belligerence, the source of death, destruction and bloodshed. |
Furious, indomitable god of war. |
||||
|
Mercury |
Patron of trade, dexterity, deception, theft. |
Performs the function of a messenger of the gods, endowed with ingenuity, observation and cunning |
|||
Dear visitors, if you need to know more about the sights, history, culture and other information, leave a request below or write to [email protected]. Our volunteers will collect information from all local sites, translate it into Russian and publish it. Make Ermak Travel your personal window to the world.
Roman Pantheon of Gods and Goddesses
There were many Roman gods. So many. In fact, the Roman pantheon of gods included the pantheon of gods of almost all the peoples of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. As the Roman Empire grew, the Romans absorbed not only territories, but also their heavenly patrons.
Unlike the Greeks, the Romans did not have a history of mythological storytelling. However, they had a developed system of rituals and a rich set of legends about the founding of Rome. Of course, the basis of the Roman gods were either borrowed from the Greeks, or their gods and goddesses were adapted to Greek cults. To this pantheon of gods were added neighboring local gods and goddesses. Over time, the original religion of the ancient Romans was modified by the addition of numerous and often conflicting gods and traditions.
But the Romans should not be considered liberals in relation to religion and cults. In the Roman Empire, all gods could be worshiped, but the gods of Rome were the main ones. In pagan culture, victory on the battlefield was achieved not only by armies, but by the patron gods of this army. Thus, the gods of other cultures, as well as their worshipers, had to recognize the primacy of the gods of the victorious tribe. Usually the pagans, having defeated and conquered their enemies, destroyed their temples and sanctuary. The gods are defeated, why pray to them. The Romans made an amendment to this logic. Pray to your loser gods, but recognize our gods as supreme. If these peoples did not recognize the gods of Rome, then the Romans extremely cruelly suppressed such movements.
An exception was made only for the Jews. They were allowed to pray to the one God of Abraham, without recognizing the gods of Rome. But the Jews always lived separately and the Romans avoided communication with this people. It was possible to understand them. The Romans believed that their guests should come with gifts not only for the owners of the house, but also for the genius of the house, i.e. his patron. Those who came to the house without bringing a gift to the patron deity could bring the wrath of the genius on the owner and his family. Well, from the side of the Jews it is clear that making a sacrifice to some brownie was a sin against the one God. Naturally, the same logic applied to the entire empire. Religious misunderstandings between cultures certainly led to mutual fear and hatred. Therefore, the foundations of European anti-Semitism lie long before the advent of Christianity.
Speaking of Christians. The same logic of anti-Judaism befell Christians. But if the Jews did not particularly want to communicate with the outside world, then the Christians, of course, carried their preaching to all the peoples of the empire and therefore undermined all the religious foundations of society. This explains the rare, but very cruel persecutions against Christians.
| Atlantis | Dyatlov Pass | Waverly Hills Sanatorium | Rome |
| London | Masada | Herculaneum | Nessebar |
| Hilt | Adrianov Val | Antonine Wall | Skara Bray |
| Parthenon | Mycenae | Olympia | Karnak |
| The Pyramid of Cheops | Troy | Tower of Babel | Machu Picchu |
| Coliseum | Chichen Itza | Teotihuacan | the great Wall of China |
| Side | Stonehenge | Jerusalem | Petra |
Genealogy of Greek and Roman gods
The main deities of Ancient Rome
| Name | Origin | Original title | Description |
| Apollo | Greece | Apollo | Apollo was one of the most important of the Olympian deities. Son of Zeus and Leto, brother of Artemis, Apollo was revered as the god of light and sun, truth and prophecy, medicine, archery, music and poetry. One of the most important temples of the city of Pompeii stood in the city's Forum. |
| Asclepius | Greece | Asclepius | Ancient Roman god of medicine and healing in ancient Greece. Father of Hygieus and Panacea. Asclepius represented the healing aspect of medicine. The Rod of Asclepius was depicted as a staff with intertwined snakes. To this day, this symbol remains a symbol of medicine. |
| Bacchus | Greece | Dionysus | The ancient Roman god Dionysus was one of the twelve Olympians, the main gods of Ancient Greece. He was the most cheerful and revered god since he was the god of wine and intoxication. For the Romans, he was also the divine patron of agriculture and the theater. |
| Ceres | Greece | Demeter | Ceres-Demeter was the Roman goddess of the harvest and motherly love. Daughter of Saturn and Opis, sister of Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Juno and Veritas. Ceres formed a trinity with two other gods associated with agriculture, Liber and Libera. |
| Amur | Greece | Eros | Ancient Roman god of love and beauty. Son of Venus and Mars. Cupid's powers must have been even greater than those of his mother, since he had dominion over the dead, sea creatures and gods on Olympus. |
| Quirin | Sabinyan | Quirinus was originally a deity of the Sabine tribe. The cult of this god was brought to Rome by Sabine settlers who settled on the Quirinal Hill. Quirinus was originally a god of war similar to Mars. At a later time he became identified with Romulus, the first Roman king. In the early period of the history of the Roman state, Quirinus, together with Jupiter and Mars, was part of the triad of the main Roman gods, each of which had its own High Priest. The holiday of the god Quirin - Quirinalia - was held on February 17. | |
| Cybele | Phrygia | Cybele | Great Mother (Magna mater in Latin), goddess of caves and mountains, walls and fortresses, nature and wild animals. |
| Diana | Greece | Artemis | Ancient Roman goddess of the hunt, the moon, fertility and childbirth, animals and woodlands. The daughter of Jupiter and Lato and the sister of Apollo, Diana completed the trinity of Roman deities with Egeria, the water nymph, and Virbius, the god of the forest. |
| Faunus or Faun | Greece | Pan | One of the oldest Roman deities, he was the legendary king of the Latins who came with their people from Arcadia. Faun was the horned god of the wilderness of the forest, plain and field. In Roman literature he was equated with the Greek god Pan. |
| Hercules | Greece | Hercules | Ancient Roman god of victory and commercial enterprise. He was identified with the Etruscan hero Hercules. The Greek version says that Hercules was the son of Zeus and the mortal Alcmene and lived the life of a mortal until his death, when he became elevated to the host of gods. The Romans accepted the myths of Hercules, including his twelve labors, essentially unchanged, but added anecdotal details of their own creation. |
| Isis | Egypt | Isis | Ancient Roman goddess of the earth. The cult originated in the Nile Delta and gradually spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. She was worshiped as the goddess of nature and magic and was the patron of various groups, including slaves, sinners, maidens, aristocrats and the rich. A small but beautiful temple was dedicated to her in Pompeii. |
| Janus | Etruria | Ani (possibly) | Ancient Roman god of gates, doors, beginnings and endings. Janus was usually depicted with two heads facing in opposite directions, and was one of the few Roman gods that had no parallel in other cultures. The month of January was named after him because it was the beginning of something new. |
| Juno | Greece | Hera | Roman queen of the gods and protector of the Roman state. Daughter of Saturn and Opis, sister and wife of Jupiter, sister of Neptune, Pluto, Ceres and Veritas. Juno was also the mother of Juventas, Mars and Vulcan. The month of June was named after her. |
| Jupiter | Greece | Zeus | King of the gods, and god of sky and thunder. As the patron deity of ancient Rome, he ruled over laws and social order. The son of Saturn and Opis, he was also the brother of Neptune, Pluto, Veritas, Ceres and Juno (who also became his wife). Jupiter was revered as part of the Capitoline Triad along with Juno and Minerva. The Temple of Jupiter was the most important religious building in the Forum of Pompeii and the entire city. In Roman mythology, he negotiated with Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome, to create the principles of Roman religion, such as offering or sacrifice. |
| Mars | Greece | Ares | An ancient Roman god of war and the most famous of the war gods. Son of Juno and Jupiter, husband of Bellona, and lover of Venus, he was also the legendary father of Romulus, founder of Rome. Originally the god of fertility, agriculture and protector of livestock. The month of March was named after him. |
| Mercury | Greece | Hermes | Messenger of the gods and carrier of the soul to the underworld. In addition, he was the god of trade, profit and commerce. Mercury was depicted with winged boots and a hat, carrying a caduceus staff with two intertwined snakes, a gift from Apollo to Hermes-Mercury. |
| Minerva | Greece | Athena | Ancient Roman goddess of wisdom and war. Daughter of Jupiter, she was also the goddess of trade and commerce, arts and crafts, medicine and school. She is one of the few gods and goddesses who did not fall in love and kept her virginity. Sometimes she was called Pallas Athena or Parthena, that is, “virginity.” The most famous temple dedicated to her was the Parthenon in Athens. |
| Miter | Persia | Miter | Perhaps Mithra was the sun god. Several inscriptions describe him as "Deus Sol Invictus" (the unconquered sun god). Little is known about the beliefs of the Mithraic cult, but it is certain that it was popular. Many Mithraic temples were hidden underground and therefore perfectly preserved as they escaped robbery. What happened in these temples and why they were so secret is still a matter of debate. |
| Neptune | Etruria Greece |
Nefuns Poseidon |
Ancient Roman god of the sea. Son of Saturn and Opis and brother of Jupiter, Pluto, Juno, Ceres and Veritas. In Rome, however, Neptune was more regarded as the god of horses and racing, and was known as Neptune the Horseman-Equester (at the Circus of Flaminius, there was a temple sanctuary dedicated to him). |
| Description | Greece | Rhea | Ancient Roman goddess of wealth, abundance and prosperity. Sister and wife of Saturn, mother of Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Juno, Ceres and Veritas. Often referred to as the "Mother of the Gods". |
| Pluto | Greece | Hades | Ancient Roman god of the underworld and its riches. The son of Saturn and Opis, he was also the brother of Neptune, Pluto, Veritas, Ceres and Juno. He was also the god of the dead, the terminally ill, and those wounded in battle. |
| Saturn | Greece | Cron | Ancient Roman god of harvest and agriculture. Husband of Opis, father of Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Juno, Ceres and Veritas. Saturday was named after him. |
| Venus | Greece | Aphrodite | Ancient Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility. The cult was originally based on the Etruscan goddess of vegetation and gardens, but over time she became more associated with the Greek goddess Aphrodite. |
| Vesta | Italy, Greece | Hestia | Ancient Roman and Greek goddess of the hearth, home and family. Little is known about the cult of the goddess herself. The Fire of Vesta was guarded in Rome by special chosen priestesses, the Vestals, who were required to observe absolute chastity for 30 years. If they broke their vows, they were buried alive so as not to bring the wrath of the gods on the entire city. |
| Volcano | Greece | Hephaestus | Ancient Roman god of blacksmithing, fire and blacksmiths. He was the son of Jupiter and Juno, and the husband of Maya and Venus. His forge was believed by the ancients to be located under Mount Etna in Sicily. The inhabitants of Pompeii did not know that Mount Vesuvius was a volcano, otherwise they would have been able to find a blacksmith there too. Vulcanarium - a holiday that celebrated people's gratitude to the god Vulcan was celebrated on August 23, that is, one day before the eruption. This played a cruel joke on the citizens. Many believed that this was a good sign from God and therefore there was nothing to fear. The Vulcanalia festival, celebrated on August 23 every year, was held during the height of the summer heat. During the festival, bonfires were lit in honor of God, and live fish or small animals were thrown into them so that God could use them instead of people |
Triads of ancient Roman gods
Archaic Triad of ancient Roman gods: Jupiter, Mars, Quirinus.
Capitoline Triad of ancient Roman gods: Jupiter, Juno, Minerva
Plebeian or Aventist triad of ancient Roman gods: Ceres, Liber, Libera, dated 493 BC.
Lesser Roman Gods
Abundance, the divine personification of abundance and prosperity. also known as Abundia, Gabona, Fulla - the ancient Roman goddess of abundance, companion of Ceres. She was depicted as a woman pouring gold from a cornucopia. Her image was captured only on coins. No altars or temples were erected in honor of Abundantia. She was one of the embodiments of virtue in the religious propaganda that forced the emperor to serve as the guarantor of the conditions of the "golden age." Thus, Abundantia appears in art, cult and literature, but does not have a mythology as such. It may have survived in one form or another in Roman Gaul and medieval France.
Akka Larentia, mythical woman, later an ancient Roman goddess, in the pantheon of Roman mythology. It is believed that she is the first priestess of the goddess Tellus, the wife of the shepherd Faustulus, the nurse of Romulus and Remus, the mother of twelve sons, of whom Romulus formed the priestly college of the Arval brothers. This religious group annually made a cleansing tour of the territory of Rome, accompanied by sacrifices and a three-day ritual holiday. Larentalia was celebrated on December 23.
Akis, god of the river Acis in Sicily. The story of the love of Acis and the sea nymph Galatea appears in Ovid's Metamorphoses. There, the jealous Cyclops Polyphemus, who also loves Galatea, stumbled upon them while they were in each other's arms. He killed his opponent with a boulder. His destructive passion leads nowhere. Galatea turns Akis into a river spirit, as immortal as she is. The episode became the subject of poems, operas, paintings and statues during the Renaissance and beyond.
Aion(Latin: Eon), Hellenistic - the Greek god of cyclical or unlimited time in ancient Greek mythology and theocosmogony. This deity is the personification of eternity.
Aiy Lokutsiy, a divine voice that warned the Romans of the imminent Gallic invasion. According to Roman mythology, in 364 from the founding of Rome, the goros warned the Romans. He called out to the people of Rome on one of the Roman streets, Zhianova. But they didn’t listen to the voice. The Senones, one of the Gaul tribes, devastated the city. A temple was erected on that street to the deity who was offended by the lack of attention.
Alernus or Elernus(possibly Helernus), an archaic ancient Roman god whose sacred grove (lucus) was near the Tiber River. The deity is mentioned only by Obed. The grove was the birthplace of the nymph Cranea, and despite the god's relative obscurity, state priests performed sacred rites (sacra) there during the reign of Emperor Augustus. Alernus may have been a chthonic god if the black bull was the correct sacrificial offering to him, since dark sacrifices were offered to the gods of the underworld. Dumezil wanted to make him the god of beans.
Ananke, “inevitability, fate, need, necessity” - in ancient Greek mythology, the deity of necessity, inevitability, the personification of fate, fate and predestination from above. She was revered in Orphic beliefs. Ananka is close to Adrastea and Dika.
Angerona, Roman goddess who freed people from pain and sorrow.
Angitia, Roman goddess associated with snakes and Medea.
Anna Perenna, early Roman goddess of the "circle of the year", her feast day was celebrated on March 15th.
Annona, the divine personification of the supply of grain to Rome.
Antevorta, Roman goddess of the future and one of the Camenae; also called Porrima.
Ahrimanium, a little-known god, part of the cult of Mithra.
Aura, often used in the plural Aura, "breeze".
Aurora, Roman goddess of the dawn.
Averrunk, Roman god, merciful to prevent disaster.
Bellona or Duellona, Roman goddess of war.
Bona Di, " female goddess» with functions related to fertility, healing and chastity.
Bonus Eventus, Eventus, originally the Roman god of the harvest, and subsequently the divine personification of "Good Result".
Bubona, Roman goddess of cattle.
Genius, faithful spirit or divine patron of every person
Graces or Charites (among the Greeks) three goddesses of fun and joys of life, the personification of grace and attractiveness.
Hermaphroditus, an androgynous Greek god whose mythology was imported into Latin literature.
Gonos, the divine personification of honor.
Hora, wife of Quirin.
Dea Dia, Roman goddess of growth.
Dea Tacita ("Silent Goddess"), Roman goddess of the dead; later equated with the earth goddess Larentha.
Decima, one of the three Parcs, or goddesses of Fate, in Roman mythology. She measures how long the thread of life of each individual person will be with the help of her staff. She is also the goddess of childbirth. In ancient Greek mythology, she corresponds to Moira Lachesis. Together with Nona and Morta, they control the metaphorical thread of life.
Devera or Deverra, a Roman goddess who presided over brooms used to clean temples in preparation for various services, sacrifices and celebrations; she defended midwives and women in childbirth.
Diana, Roman goddess of the hunt, the moon, virginity and childbirth, twin sister of Apollo and one of the Council of the Gods.
Diana Nemorensis, local version of Diana. Roman equivalent of Artemis (Greek goddess)
Discordia, the personification of discord and strife. Roman equivalent of Eris (Greek goddess)
Dius Phidias, the Roman god of oaths, is associated with Jupiter.
Di inferi, Roman deities associated with death and the underworld.
Discipline, personification of discipline.
Distus Pater or Dispater was the Roman god of the underworld, later belonging to Pluto or Hades. Originally a chthonic god of wealth, fertile farmland and underground mineral wealth, he was later equated with the Roman deities Pluto and Orcus, becoming a deity of the underworld.
Indigi, deified Aeneas.
Intercidona, minor Roman goddess of childbirth; designed to keep evil spirits away from the child; symbolized by a wood splitter.
Inuus, Roman god of fertility and sexual intercourse, protector of livestock.
Invidia, Roman goddess of envy and wrongdoing.
Kaka, archaic Roman goddess of fire and "proto-Vesta"; sister of Kakus.
Cacus, originally an ancient god of fire, later considered a giant.
Kameni, Roman goddesses with various attributes, including patroness fresh water, prophecy and childbirth. There were four of them: Carmenta, Egeria, Antevorta and Postvorta.
Cardea, ancient Roman goddess of door locks (lat. cardines) and guardian of the house. Her feast day was June 1, this date was determined by Junius Brutus, one of the first consuls of Rome and one of the founders of the Roman Republic after the expulsion of the Roman kings. Cardea identified by Ovid with Karna (bottom)
Carmenta, the Roman goddess of childbirth and prophecy, and appointed the fiery minor. Leader Kamen (top).
Carmena, two goddesses of childbirth: Antevorta and Postvorta or Porrima, future and past.
Karna, a Roman goddess who preserved the health of the heart and other internal organs.
Clementia, Roman goddess of forgiveness and mercy.
Cloacina, the Roman goddess who presided over the sewer system in Rome; identified with Venus.
Concordia, Roman goddess of concord, understanding and marital harmony.
Consus, chthonic god who protects the storage of grain.
Kura, the personification of care and concern, which, according to one source, created people from clay.
Cybele - Anatolian mother goddess; she may have had a predecessor in the early Neolithic era, whose figurine was found in Çatalhöyük. Several such images were found. She is the only known goddess of Phrygia and was probably its state deity. Her Phrygian cult was adopted and adapted by the Greek colonists of Asia Minor and spread to mainland Greece and its more distant western colonies around the 6th century BC.
Lares, everyday Roman gods. The Romans built altars to honor deities who guarded home and family. When friends came to the family, they had to bring a gift to the patrons of the house. Offending these gods could bring down the wrath of the entire family. For Jews and later Christians, offering gifts to such idols was not acceptable. This of course led to friction and persecution, which first led to the emergence of European anti-Semitism, and later to the persecution of Christians.
Laverna, patroness of thieves, swindlers and charlatans.
Latona, Roman goddess of light.
Lemurs, the malicious dead.
Levana, Roman ritual goddess through whom fathers accepted newborn children as their own.
Letum, the personification of death.
Liber, Roman god of male fertility, viticulture and freedom, assimilated with the Roman Bacchus and the Greek Dionysus.
Libera, the female equivalent of Libera, was assimilated with the Roman Proserpina and the Greek Persephone.
Liberalitas, Roman goddess or personification of generosity.
Libertas, Roman goddess or personification of freedom.
Libitina, Roman goddess of death, corpses and funerals.
Lua, the Roman goddess to whom soldiers sacrificed captured weapons, was probably the consort of Saturn.
Lucifer, Roman god of the morning star
Lucina, Roman goddess of childbirth, but often described as an aspect of Juno.
Luna, Roman goddess of the moon.
Lupercus, Roman god of shepherds and wolves; as the god of Lupercalia, his identity is unclear, but he is sometimes identified with Greek god Pan.
Lymph, often multiple lymphs, Roman water deity assimilated to Greek nymphs.
Mana Genita, goddess of infant mortality
mana, souls of the dead, who began to be regarded as household deities.
Mania, wife of the Etruscan freshwater god Mantus, and may have been identified with the shadowy Mater Larum; not to be confused with Greek manias.
Mantus, Etruscan god of the dead and ruler of the underworld.
Mater Matuta, goddess of dawn and childbirth, patroness of sailors.
Meditrina, the goddess of healing, was introduced to account for the festival of Meditrinalia.
Mephitis, goddess and personification of poisonous gases and volcanic vapors.
Mellons or Mellonii, goddesses of bees and beekeeping.
Mena or Mene, goddess of fertility and menstruation.
Mole, daughter of Mars, probably the goddess of grain grinding.
Coin, a minor goddess of memory, equivalent to the Greek Mnemosyne. Also used as an epithet for Juno.
Mors, the personification of death and the equivalent of the Greek Thanatos.
Morta, a minor goddess of death and one of the Parques (the Roman equivalent of the Moirei). Cutting the thread of life, its Greek equivalent was Atropos.
Murcia or Murtia, a little-known goddess who was associated with myrtle and in other sources called the goddess of sloth (both interpretations arising from false etymologies of her name). Later equated with Venus in the form of the Venus of Murcia.
Mutunus Tutunus, phallic god.
Naenia, goddess of funeral lamentation.
Nascio, personification of the act of birth.
Nemesis, goddess of revenge (Greek).
Nerio, ancient goddess of war and personification of valor. Consort of Mars.
Nevitita, a goddess and associated with Consus and Neptune in the Etruscan-Roman zodiac by Martian of Capella, but is little known.
Nixie, also di nixie, goddess of childbirth.
Nona, minor goddess. Spins the thread of life, its Greek equivalent was Clotho.
Nortia is a Roman goddess taken from the Etruscan pantheon, a goddess of fate from the city of Volsinium, where a nail was driven into the wall of the main temple as part of a New Year's ceremony.
Nox, goddess of the night, derived from the Greek Nyukta.
Ops or Opis, goddess of resources or wealth.
Orcus, god of the underworld and punisher of broken oaths.
Palatua, a little-known goddess who guarded the Palatine Hill.
Pales, deity of shepherds and cattle.
Parka, three destinies.
Pax, goddess of peace; equivalent to the Greek Eirene.
Penates or Di-penates, household gods.
Picumen, minor god of fertility, agriculture, marriage, babies and children.
Picus, the Italic god of woodpeckers with divination powers.
Pietas, goddess of duty; the personification of Roman virtue.
Pillum, a minor guardian god, was responsible for protecting babies at birth.
Poena, goddess of punishment.
Pomona, goddess of fruit trees, gardens and orchards.
Porrima, goddess of the future. Also called Antevortra.
Portunus, god of keys, doors and cattle, was assigned the fiery minor.
Postverta or Prorsa Postverta, goddess of childbirth and the past, one of the two Carments.
Priapus, adopted phallic guardian.
Proserpina, Queen of the Dead and goddess of grain, the Roman equivalent of the Greek Persephone.
Providence, goddess of forethought.
Pudicia, goddess and personification of chastity, one of the Roman virtues. Its Greek equivalent was Aidos.
Thalaser was an ancient Italic god. Some historians are inclined to consider it an epithet of Jupiter, since phalandum, according to Festus, was an Etruscan word meaning "heaven."
Fama, Roman goddess of fame and rumors.
Fascinus, phallic Roman god who protected against invidia (envy) and the evil eye.
Fauna, Roman goddess of prophecy, but possibly a name for other goddesses such as Maia.
Faun, Roman god of herds.
Faustitas, Roman goddess who protected herds and livestock.
Fevrus or Fevruus, Roman god of Etruscan origin, after whom the month of February was named. Fevruus, whose name means "purifier", was the god of purification. For the Etruscans, Fevrus was also the god of wealth (money/gold) and death, both associated with the underworld in the same natural way as with the more famous Roman god Pluto.
Febris, "Fever", Roman goddess who could cause or prevent fever and malaria.
Fecunditas, Roman personification of fertility.
Felicitas, the personification of luck and success.
Ferentina, Roman patron goddess of the city of Ferentina, latium, protector of the Latin commonwealth.
Ferunia, Roman goddess associated with the desert, plebeians, freedmen and freedom in a general sense.
Fidesz, the personification of loyalty.
Flore, Roman goddess of flowers.
Fornax - In ancient Roman religion, Fornax was the divine personification of the furnace (fornax). Her feast day, Fornacalia, was celebrated on February 17 among the thirty curiae, the most ancient divisions of the city, made by Romulus from the original three tribes of Rome. Fornacalia was the second of two festivals associated with the curiae, the other being Fordicia on April 19th.
Phontus or Fons, Roman god of wells and springs.
Fortuna, Roman goddess of fortune.
Fufluns, Roman god of wine, natural growth and health. It was adopted from the Etruscan religion.
Fulgora, personification of lightning.
Furrina, Roman goddess whose functions are largely unknown.
Caelus, Roman god of the sky before Jupiter.
Ceres, Roman goddess of the harvest and mother of Proserpina and one of the Council of the Gods. Roman equivalent of Demeter.
Ericure, Roman goddess, possibly of Celtic origin, associated with the underworld and identified with Proserpina.
Equitas, the divine personification of justice.
Aesculapius, the Roman equivalent of Asclepius, the god of health and medicine.
Eternitas, goddess and personification of eternity.
Egeria, a water nymph or goddess, later considered part of Kamen.
Empanda or Panda, a Roman goddess whose temple was never closed to those in need.
Epona, Gallo-Roman goddess of horses and riding, usually considered a Celtic deity.
Edesia, the Roman goddess of food who presides over banquets.
Justitia, Roman goddess of justice
Juturna, Roman goddess of fountains, wells and springs.
Juventas, Roman goddess of youth.
Janus, the two-faced or double-headed Roman god of beginnings and ends, and god of doors.
| Please enable JavaScript to view the |
