Description
Fundamental and applied linguistics today is one of the innovative and sought-after specialties in which specialists in this field are trained. According to the curriculum, on the one hand, students study such traditional areas as their native and two foreign languages, as well as traditional theoretical linguistic disciplines (semantics, phonetics, syntax, morphology, etc.) and applied linguistic disciplines (general lexicography, technology text processing, etc.), and on the other – innovative computer linguistics. In addition, in curriculum included mathematical disciplines, history, translation studies, and theoretical courses in ancient languages (Old Church Slavonic, Ancient Greek, Latin). Teachers teach students:
- speak freely and understand speech in the foreign language being studied, translate (written, oral, synchronously) and edit texts,
- use applied linguistic programs and telecommunication technologies,
- create intelligent systems,
- use linguistic technologies in the socio-political sphere,
- develop and improve electronic language resources and databases,
- engage in research activities and formalize its results in the form of articles and reviews,
- carry out linguistic examination of texts,
- optimize and create content for websites (both in Russian and in foreign languages).
Who to work with
Bachelors with a diploma in “Fundamental and Applied Linguistics” are in demand in many areas: both in academic science and in the field information technologies or in high-tech sectors of the economy. Young specialists can conduct scientific research in applied and theoretical linguistics, develop new methods of mastering foreign language, electronic dictionaries and intelligent systems. After graduating from university, young people can get a job as a website administrator, translator (including simultaneous interpreter), foreign language teacher, Web developer, content manager, lexicographer, computer linguist, copywriter, linguist, editor, proofreader, linguistic expert, computer developer programs and databases, referent.
Linguist(linguist) is a specialist in linguistics (linguistics, linguistics), the subject of research of which is the history of the formation and development of languages, their structure and characteristic features. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in foreign languages and Russian language and literature (see choosing a profession based on interest in school subjects).
Short description
The modern world is striving for globalization, and in the context of increasing international contacts, the profession of a linguist is acquiring fundamental importance. The work of a linguist includes a wide variety of functions and depends on the place of work:
- at the research institute he is engaged in compiling dictionaries, reference books, developing scientific, technical and special terminology, improving the alphabet and spelling, scientific research in the field of phonetics, morphology, syntax, the study of dialects and spoken language etc.
- in teaching, a linguist teaches language to students;
- linguists-translators deal directly with translations - oral, simultaneous, written.
There are several classifications of linguists:
by language being studied:
- specialists in a specific language - for example, Russianists, Englishists, Tatar scholars, Japaneseists, Arabists, etc.;
- specialists in a group of languages - Germanists, novelists, Turkologists, Mongolians, etc.;
- specialists in the languages of the region - Americanists, Africanists, etc.
on the topic or section of linguistics:
- phoneticians;
- morphologists;
- syntaxists;
- semanticists, etc.
in theoretical direction:
- formalists;
- functionalists;
- cognitive scientists;
- structuralists, etc.
Specifics of the profession
The work of a linguist may consist of the following activities:
- teaching activities;
- consultations as an expert;
- research activities;
- preparation of specialized articles, textbooks, almanacs, etc.;
- assistance in creating computer software.
Where to study to become a linguist
Education in the field of linguistics consists of three areas:
- teaching training;
- theory and practice of translation;
- public communications.
Professional linguists are trained in philological (or specialized linguistic) faculties of universities.
Pros and cons of the profession
Pros:
- High demand in the labor market: the opportunity for self-realization in any field - written translation, simultaneous interpreter, oral or consecutive translation, translation of films, books, magazines. A person who speaks a foreign language will be in demand in any field of activity: journalism, tourism, PR companies, management.
- Knowledge of a foreign language is the key to a high salary and rapid career growth.
- Possibility of freelance work.
- The opportunity to freely communicate with people while traveling and exploring the culture of other countries.
Minuses:
- Some people may find the job of a linguist boring because scientific works in linguistics are simply systematization and rewriting of other people's ideas.
- Not all linguists are inclined to teach, which requires maximum patience.
- The work of a simultaneous interpreter is very responsible and stressful.
- It is better to combine knowledge of foreign languages with another profession (lawyer, economist, political scientist, journalist).
- Unstable loading: in different months the volume of transfers may differ several times.
- Delay in fees, which are not received immediately after delivery of the material, but when payment arrives from the customer.
- Sometimes additional requirements are imposed on translators: accompany delegations to shops and bars, carry out courier orders.
Place of work
- institutes, faculties and universities of linguistic education, secondary and higher educational institutions, courses for linguists;
- educational establishments;
- research institutes;
- translation agency;
- editorial offices of magazines and newspapers;
- reception desks in various companies (secretary assistant);
- work from home on a flexible schedule (translations) or individual work with students;
- literary unions;
- companies developing linguistic software;
- departments, external relations departments of firms, companies, higher educational institutions, regional, regional and city administrations;
- information departments, information and analytical services of enterprises, companies, banks, institutes of the Academy of Sciences, research centers;
- libraries and departments of foreign literature;
- museums, museum associations;
- direction and management in international congress centers (conference centers);
- Directorate of permanent regional, federal and international exhibitions and fairs;
- hotels and hotel complexes;
- domestic and foreign travel companies, agencies, bureaus;
- press centers, radio and television centers;
- international associations and associations;
- international funds;
- publishing houses.
Personal qualities
- good hearing and memory;
- patience and perseverance;
- attentiveness;
- good erudition;
- analytic skills;
- organization, self-discipline;
- pedantry;
- striving for professional excellence;
- attention to detail;
- concentration;
- the ability to figuratively represent objects, processes and phenomena;
- associative thinking;
- deductive reasoning;
- the ability to remember large amounts of information for a long time;
- good visual memory;
- memory for the semantics (meaning) of the text;
- memory for words and phrases;
- the ability to competently express one’s thoughts;
- perseverance;
- perseverance;
- propensity for research activities.
Career
Salary as of 08/06/2019
Russia 20000—60000 ₽
Moscow 30000—80000 ₽
As a rule, linguists do not have problems finding employment. Currently, linguists are in demand in the field of information technology, mass communications, public relations and advertising. A linguist can also make a successful career in the scientific field, achieving success in research development or promotion in the administrative line. For example, becoming the head of a department or dean of a faculty. The salary of a linguist depends on his type of activity and qualifications.
Earnings in science are low. It is more profitable for linguists to use their skills in business by becoming representatives in international companies, referents and translators. To translate foreign articles, prepare PR presentations or conduct promotions for foreign investors. Such work is highly paid - up to 70 thousand rubles.
Famous Russian linguists
The profession of a linguist is incredibly in demand these days. Without knowledge of at least one language, it will be difficult for any modern person to enter our world of globalization. But linguists are people who speak at least three languages, but they know not just languages, but something more. So what do linguists do? What types of linguistics are there? What is the difference between linguists and translators and philologists? Let's look at all the answers to the questions in this article.
In contact with
Classmates
Activities of linguists
A linguist is a person who studies or has already studied linguistics (in other words, linguistics). A linguist understands how they are structured, their features in particular and in general, what is their difference, what is the history, features of speech sounds, from the point of view of acoustics and articulation, and much more.
Linguists also study long-extinct ancient languages to understand language change in general. For example, Sanskrit, Latin. Linguistic students Russian universities They also study Old Church Slavonic and Old Russian in order to understand what changes the native speech has undergone, and to identify the nature of exceptions to the rules in modern Russian. For all this we need linguistics. And, of course, in addition to linguistics and linguistics, specialists study several more languages.
Linguistics should not be confused with other specialties. What is the difference between a philologist and a translator? All specialists work with languages, but in different ways. Translators are people who deal with oral, written or simultaneous translations from another language or into another language. A philologist- a person who studies various literary works, expressed, respectively, through different languages and all related sciences. Philologists study literary criticism more, and linguists study linguistics more..
It is worth noting that linguistic specialties are in great demand, therefore wage quite high and varies depending on the place of work. Specialists who know foreign languages are needed everywhere. Specialists study the structures of languages and their characteristics, but if you believe modern realities, they can work anywhere and not exactly in their specialty.
Before moving on to the list of professions for linguists, let’s consider the main areas of linguistics to see the diversity of the specialty.
Directions
Specialists can be divided into narrower classes:
- According to the language being studied. Typically, students of language departments study any foreign language and almost always English. Therefore, language specialists are distinguished: Japaneseists, Arabists, Russianists, Sinologists.
- By region: Africanists, orientalists.
- By sections of linguistics: lexicologists, phoneticians and more.
It is worth highlighting one more linguistic direction, not so often found in universities - fundamental and applied linguistics. What it is? The fact is that linguistics intersects not only with other linguistic sciences, but also with applied ones, such as mathematics and programming. The question may arise as to how this can be connected, but there is still a direct connection.
Thanks to the junction of such seemingly different areas, the world knows: machine translation, computer lexicography, psycholinguistics, linguodidactics and much more. In other words, applied linguistics seeks practical, rather than theoretical, ways to solve problems, as well as practical methods for implementing linguistics in other fields.
Who can they work for?
So, what kind of job can a graduate specialist find? As already mentioned, the choice is extensive, since everything related to languages is required everywhere.
The list of works is not limited to this. Since linguist is a broad concept, the choice of future professions is incredibly large. Anyone who knows languages will never get lost and will always find a suitable job.
How to become a linguist?
To become one, you need to pass exams and enter a university in the linguistic field you need.
Usually you need to pass the Unified State Exam after 11th grade: Russian, English and social studies, history or literature (depending on the university). To enroll in the “fundamental and applied linguistics” major, you must take Russian, English and specialized mathematics.
Before enrolling, you need to decide which languages you want to study. Universities usually post information about their fields of study and the languages they teach. Thus, you can enroll in Oriental Studies, African Studies and any other. Or choose more traditional directions.
Note that linguistic areas differ in specialty and bachelor's degrees.
Who is the profession of linguist or philologist suitable for? How and where do philologists work, in which universities can one obtain a profession suitable for a humanist? This is really a question. After all, at first glance, it seems that graduates whose sympathies and abilities are far from mathematics, who prefer literature and Russian, have offensively few options for choosing a profession. Pedagogical university or library science, journalism or literary institute.
Not everyone knows that at the Russian University for the Humanities there is also an Institute of Linguistics, whose director, Maxim Krongauz, asserts with all responsibility that the range of professions for philologists is expanding every year.
In many areas public life There are elements of linguistics, it’s just that few people know which professions require linguistic knowledge.
A linguist studies Language (with a capital letter), explores it as a universal tool for communication. One of the most incredible and amazing mechanisms ever mastered by humanity.
Today, research on the functioning of language is playing an increasingly important role. The subject of the study is how we use language, how we use it to interact with each other. The role of language in social life is studied by sociolinguistics, and in the human mind - by psycholinguistics.
Language is often used as a tool for manipulation; This is why it is so important to be able to understand how to manipulate correctly and how to determine the moment of manipulation, and how to defend against it. In this area, linguistics is practically combined with communication theory.
A separate applied area is computer linguistics, which deals with modeling language functions, creating programs capable of performing linguistic tasks, for example, automatic translation from foreign languages, identifying keywords in texts, and recognizing spoken speech.
Linguistics is a popular profession
This is a sought-after specialty. And here there is a certain paradox: linguistics is an ancient science (rhetoric and classical grammar have existed for many centuries) and at the same time it is a modern and relevant field of knowledge.
The importance of language cannot be overestimated in any professional activity person. Proficiency in the language is necessary for businessmen, politicians, and managers - all specialists for whom it is important to be able to negotiate with partners. We meet people not only based on their clothes, by looking at them, but also by listening. By the characteristics of speech we get even more information about a person than by his appearance.
Nowadays, linguistics is developing rapidly, which is associated with a new attitude to communications, computer technology, and globalization. Therefore, the demand for linguists is growing, this can be judged at least by the Institute of Linguistics, where the competition is constantly growing. For example, 15 people applied for one budget place in the direction of “Applied and Theoretical Linguistics”. Just 10 years ago the competition was 7 people per place. The most popular specialty at the institute is “Translation and Translation Studies”; here there is no competition for less than 20 people.
Is the popularity of the translator profession justified?
Today, attitudes towards translators have changed markedly. Knowledge of a foreign language no longer distinguishes a specialist from the crowd so much and does not make him a unique professional. It is really important for translators to speak several languages and different types of translations.
In general, translations are a specific activity. Someone can speak a non-native language perfectly, but at the same time experience difficulties in translation.
In order to thoroughly study the mechanism of translation, professional translators must try different types of translation on themselves - written (business translation or literary translation), oral translation, including simultaneous.
For translators, a combination of “two or three” foreign languages that the specialist speaks is also important. There are certainly successful combinations that guarantee a translator a job, and there are also unsuccessful ones. Success largely depends on intercultural, economic and political ties between states.
For example, English and Chinese are a successful language pair. If a state experiences economic growth, its language becomes relevant for all countries, especially when paired with the most popular language - in this moment English.
Where do linguists work?
Linguistics is an interdisciplinary science. Graduates of the Institute of Linguistics are not pure humanists, like, for example, graduates of philological faculties. Linguistics specialists are proficient in mathematics, computer science, and programming. Many linguists work in companies specializing in the development of linguistic software (in search engines, organizations providing automatic translation services).
Today, many areas require communications specialists - marketers, PR specialists, negotiators, speech writers, etc.
Some graduates become teachers - they work in schools, stay at the institute, at the department. Some graduates leave their profession in the same way as in other specialties. Many continue to work with texts, but, for example, in journalism.
Nowadays, the choice of profession plays a very important role in the life of every student. How to make a choice and not make mistakes? Knowledge of the language of any country has its own prospects. Many people think that learning languages is boring. But that's not true.
Specialty in linguistics - what to take, passing score, specialty code, form and duration of study
Linguistics is one of the most common professions today. If you have good hearing and memory, attentiveness, good eyesight, and are also patient, then this profession is just for you. Linguistics is taught at the philological faculties of various universities.
Institutes specializing in linguistics occupy a high standard in the field of education. Choice prestigious university- this is only half the battle. First you need to prepare well for admission.
How to apply to major in linguistics?
If you have decided on the choice of university, you need to find out what the passing grade is for the budget and contract. The average passing score is from 70 to 95, depending on which university you choose. Budget places from 5 and even up to 100.
In Moscow state university budget places up to 105. But the more budget places, the higher the competition. The applicant must pass the exams with at least 69 points.
To enter the institute to major in linguistics, you need to pass the Unified State Exam in the following subjects: a foreign language is a major, history ( social studies), Informatics.
You can study at different forms training. The daily form is the most current. Here, students undergo theoretical and practical courses. The part-time form is very profitable, because you conduct training in free time. Correspondence education is also very relevant. The duration of training depends on the specialization. Specialty 45.03 02 linguistics teaches after 11th grade.
Specialty: fundamental and applied linguistics
If you want to become a highly qualified technical translator who can perform any tasks in practice, then this specialty is just for you. You will learn to conduct linguistic experiments at various levels.
The duration of training depends on the form of training. Full-time – 4 years, part-time and evening – 5. In the future, such a specialist can occupy high positions.
Computer linguist, editor, translator and even foreign language teacher. The internship takes place in publishing houses, advertising companies, schools and lyceums. Training can be completed by enrolling in universities with a specialty in linguistics. Specialty code: 03/45/03.
Linguistics and Intercultural Communication
A profession that requires a high level of student development. Ability to quickly make decisions, conduct discussions, negotiate. Places where you can work: companies that cooperate with foreign partners, international organizations. What position can you hold: manager, international finance specialist, etc. Specialty code: 031200
Major in linguistics – universities
The specialty of linguistics is very common in Moscow universities. The profession of linguist is relevant today. You can get an education at Lomonosov Moscow State University. It is considered one of the best universities in Moscow. Qualified specialists work for the benefit of the future of linguistics.
Specialty in linguistics - who to work with
You can work in a variety of fields. Starting from small companies to large ones international organizations. Hold the position of translator, teacher, copywriter, program developer, etc.
