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Introduction

1.6 Calculation of the workshop area

2. Design part

2.1 Technical requirements

2.2 Terms of Reference

2.3 Calculation of main parts

2.4 Description of work

3. The economic part

3.1 Calculating the size of the investment

3.2 Service implementation plan

3.3 Calculation of operating costs

3.6 Financial planning

5.2 Work area air

5.6 Electrical safety

5.7 Safety precautions

5.9. Fire safety

6. Environmental protection

6.1 Air pollution

6.5 Influence of loading

Literature

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Introduction

Living conditions in sprawling cities force a large number of people to spend their free time outside the city, and the car is also an advantage in the rational use of personal time, by reducing the travel time. As a consequence of this process, cities have a need for roads and associated facilities. Thus, people strive to cover more and more distances with a minimum of time. Currently, in our country, we have a tendency for the growth of the car park. Therefore, one of the ways to make money is to create conditions for servicing numerous car owners at a high level.

The development of road transport makes it necessary to increase speed and improve traffic safety, which can be achieved by organizing a modern car service, creating the required number of service stations.

The tasks of maintenance include reducing the reliability of the serviceability of cars, increasing their service life and technically competently performing the necessary repair and maintenance work for this.

For the maintenance of passenger cars, elimination of emerging malfunctions, repair and preventive facilities, called service stations, are created.

The technical level of service and repair is determined by the following factors:

· Technical condition of vehicles;

· Modern technology;

· The level of application of technological means;

· Supply of spare parts;

· The level of professional training, as well as the level and experience of technical personnel;

· Construction and technological features of the structure;

Traffic safety, increasing the speed of transportation, increasing the service life of vehicles, reducing the harmful effects of motorization (air pollution, noise) is a matter of great importance. The use of personal cars on a large scale requires the creation of a well-organized, as well as an extensive network of modern, in terms of their technological and operational indicators, car service stations.

Technological progress, the rise in living standards, the growing demands of car owners are increasingly replacing the usual practice when the driver himself is engaged in the maintenance, care and inspection of the car.

Lack of qualifications, time for car owners requires all new types of services from service stations. The general perception is that maintenance, troubleshooting and troubleshooting are the tasks of the workshop.

The country's needs for car service are influenced by such factors as the growth rate of the passenger car fleet, their design features, service life and the average annual mileage.

The creation of stations requires the development of standard projects that differ in scale. The organized development of a car maintenance network involves the use of highly developed technology, the creation of related structures, the use of modern building structures, the use of new construction methods and building materials, linking to the structure of the road network in the places of the planned location of the service station, and the development of a single aesthetic solution.

In determining the types of station in the service network, factors should be taken into account:

· Types of cars and their ratio;

· Needs for certain types of services;

· The level of training of service personnel;

· Conditions of road traffic at the location (the number and composition of passing vehicles, the structure of the nearest settlements).

The purpose of this project is to design a service station to maintain the reliability and serviceability of vehicles, increase their service life and perform the necessary repair and maintenance work, which will ultimately lead to an increase in the speed of transportation and an increase in traffic safety.

Calculation of the area of ​​the service station

Fixed assets cost

Calculation of the economic part

Calculation of the size of the investment

The cost of buildings is calculated from the average cost of construction of industrial facilities in Volgograd, which is 1390 rubles per 1m2. By multiplying this cost by the total construction area, we get the cost of construction of service station buildings.

Sfzd = 1390 * F * 3 (3.1)

Where Sfzd is the cost of building buildings.

F - the total area of ​​the workshop according to the general plan is 411.2 m2.

З - increased coefficient.

Sfzd = 1390 * 411.2 * 3 = 1714704 rubles.

Service implementation plan

The plan for the implementation of services is the production program of the workshop in value terms. The main calculated indicators of the plan for the implementation of services:

· The volume of sales of services for the repair and maintenance of cars.

· The total volume of services and products.

The volume of sales of services for the repair and maintenance of passenger cars includes:

· The cost of all work on the maintenance and repair of cars.

· The cost of car wash services.

· The cost of other services (consultations, self-service).

The calculation of the volume of sales of services is based on the annual labor intensity of work by type of maintenance.

The cost of the listed types of services is planned and accounted for without the cost of spare parts, which is paid by the customer separately.

Calculation of running costs

Overheads

Transport costs 3525.39 rubles.

Value taxes: Zzem = Nzem * F (3.4)

Where Nzem is the amount of tax

F - area of ​​the territory

Zem = 603 * 26 = 15678 rubles.

Electricity costs. Consumption 7000 kW per month. The rate is 1.2 rubles. for 1 kW. Costs: 7000 * 1.2 * 12 = 100800 rubles.

Heating costs. Consumption 250 g / stake per year. The rate is 9.24 rubles per 1 g / qt. Costs: 9.24 * 250 = 2310 rubles.

Deductions for depreciation of buildings, structures and equipment are summarized in Table 3.4.

Table 3.4. - Deductions for depreciation.

Payment for the phone.

Number of rooms 1. The rate is 322 rubles. per month. The amount per phone per year is 3864 rubles.

The cost of protecting the territory. The number of guards is 3 people. Salary 1500 per month. Security costs 1500 * 3 * 12 = 54000 rubles.

Other expenses 1% of FOT = 3612 rubles.

Calculation of the cost of maintenance and repair services are summarized in Table 3.5.

Table 3.5. - Cost calculation.

1. Wages of the main workers.

2. Basic and auxiliary materials.

3. Contributions to extrabudgetary funds.

4. Water for technical needs.

5. Overhead costs and wages of auxiliary workers.

Cargo line.

II post: Monitoring the effectiveness of the working and parking brakes.

IV post: Checking the play on the steering wheel.

V post: Checking the adjustment of the headlights, the serviceability of the speedometer and tires.

Light line.

I post: External inspection of the car, checking the completeness and tire pressure.

II post: Control of the content of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases (made at the entrance). Checking the play on the steering wheel.

III post: Checking the technical condition of the steering and chassis.

IV post: Checking the adjustment of the headlights, the serviceability of the speedometer and tires.

V post: Monitoring the effectiveness of the working and standing brakes.

Instruments and equipment.

The stroboscopic device PAS-2 is designed to check the ignition moment of the working mixture and the number of revolutions of a four-carburetor engine with a nominal voltage of 12V, as well as to observe the moving parts of the engine.

Technical specifications.

1. The permissible temperature range is 10-35 ° C.

Mode of operation: 10 minutes of work, 5 minutes of pause.

Accuracy: 4%.

Manufacturer: Russia.

2. Universal control and adjustment device "Novator".

Designed to control and adjust the settings of all main and auxiliary headlights of the vehicle. Production - Germany.

3. Device "Optical dynamometer DO-1".

Designed for express control of the smoke of exhaust gases in service cars and other vehicles with a diesel engine.

Technical specifications.

Weight: 3.2 kg.

Temperature range -10 ... + 50 ° С

Tolerance 2%

Continuous work time 8 hours

Manufacturer: Russia.

4. The gas analyzer device is a device operating on the principle of infrared absorption. Designed for continuous quantitative determination of CO content in gas mixtures, in vehicle exhaust gases.

Technical specifications.

Weight: 12kg

Temperature range + 5 ... + 40 ° С

Tolerance 1%

Power supply 220V

Production: Germany

5. Brake tester RХ-3000

Purpose: the roller stand is designed to test the brake systems of cars by changing or braking individual wheels. The stand provides the ability to check the brakes of 2-axle and multi-axle vehicles, including those with supporting axles and between axle differential mechanisms.

Microclimate standards

Work area air

According to GOST 12.1.005-88 "Air of the working area". General sanitary and hygienic requirements for air in the working area. The content of harmful substances in the air of the working area should not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations presented in Table 5.2.

Table 5.2.

Dangerous factors.

· Spontaneous lowering of a vehicle suspended on a lift.

· Rotating engine parts.

In addition, the causes of locksmith's injuries can be dirt, corrosion, malfunctioning threaded connections, malfunctioning and contamination of the tool, working with oily hands, lack of a bar on the lift.

Lubrication and cleaning

Dangerous factors.

· Breaking off the scrap or gate when used to relieve the fingers of the vehicle springs during the lubrication process.

· Breakage of the gates when turning the propeller shaft.

· Sharp edges of filler and drain holes of vehicle units.

In addition, the causes of injury can be:

· No grease guns with flexible hoses.

· Lack of special footrests.

· Oil spills and floor contamination.

· Lack of a special tool for unscrewing the filler and drain plugs.

Associated repairs

Dangerous factors.

· Lowering the engine when replacing the support cushions.

· Spontaneous movement of the muffler, muffler pipe, propeller shaft, steering bipod when replacing them.

· Falling and rolling of car wheels when removing them.

· Lowering the car from a jack, stand, lift.

· High surface temperature of the starter when removing it.

· Departure of the clamping spring of the brake pads.

· Splashing brake fluid.

· Departure of fragments when knocking out bearings with a hammer.

Dangerous factors.

· Spontaneous movement of the car with the engine running and unbraked wheels when checking for faults.

· Lack of diagnostic equipment when checking the operation of the engine, brakes.

· Inconsistency between the actions of the repair worker and the driver.

· Adjustment of the brakes when the engine is running and there are no stops under the wheels.

· Application of towing to start the engine.

Dangerous factors.

· Falling gearbox or clutch when the vehicle is suspended.

· Contact of the splines of the clutch drive plate when turning the flywheel with the starter.

· Breakage of the wrench when loosening the gearbox mounting bolts.

Removing and installing wheels

Dangerous factors.

· Lowering the vehicle suspended on a lift.

· Spontaneous movement of the vehicle.

· Breakage of open-end wrenches when loosening or turning nuts, studs, half-axle fasteners.

· Flying fragments when removing the axle shafts.

· Falling axle shafts.

· Carrying out work on a vehicle suspended on one lifting device.

· Missing or defective tragus.

· Lack of stops under the wheels.

· Non-use of socket wrenches.

· Removal and installation of the steering mechanism.

Dangerous factors.

· Spontaneous movement of the bipod, steering column, steering wheel and steering gear housing.

In addition, the causes of injuries may be the absence or non-use of steering column bipod pullers, performing work alone.

Dangerous factors.

· Percussion instruments.

· No punch from soft metal.

· Work without protective glasses.

· Lack of stops under the wheels of the car.

Tire works

Dangerous factors.

· Tire breaks when inflated.

· Breakage of the wheel disc.

· Tear off the wrench for loosening the wheel nuts.

· Lowering the suspended vehicle.

· Falling wheel or tire.

· Metal objects stuck in the tire.

· Tearing of the metal cord of the tire.

In addition, the causes of injury can be:

· Absence or non-use of a safety guard.

· Incorrect mounting of the tire on the rim.

· Inflating the tire without dismantling when the pressure in it drops by more than 40%.

· Excessive tire pressure due to lack of a tire gauge.

· The absence of a tragus under the raised part of the car, and stops under the unraveled wheels.

· Using a screwdriver, awl to remove objects stuck in the tire.

All of these factors affect the degree of worker fatigue.

Hence, as a consequence, a decrease in concentration of attention, a delayed reaction, an increase in the number of erroneous decisions and the associated increase in the potential danger of emergency situations.

All this leads to an increase in injuries.

electrical safety

According to the degree of danger of electric shock, the diagnostic site belongs to the class without increased danger. Measures taken to reduce the risk of electric shock are regulated by GOST 21 1019-79 SSBT (Electrical Safety) general requirements.

All power-consuming equipment has grounding, which is provided by GOST 12.1.030-81 SSBT "Electrical safety" (Protective grounding).

Let's calculate the protective grounding.

Required data: soil - loam.

Soil resistivity is determined by:

Rsch = Kp * R = 2 * 300 = 600 Ohm * m (5.6.)

Where Kp is the increased coefficient determined in accordance with GOST. Kp = 2.

The spreading resistance of a single grounding current is determined by the formula:

R = 0.366 Rcalculated 1P 2-1 + 1 ℓg 4 t + 1 (5.7.)

Where R is the spreading resistance of the single grounding current, OM.

ℓ - grounding length, determined according to table 5.2. for loop grounding ℓ = 2.5m.

d - outer diameter of grounding

(choose a pipe d = 0.03m)

t is the distance determined by the formula:

t = ½ + h - 2.5 / 2 + 0.6 = 1.85 m (5.8.)

Where h is the distance from the upper end of the grounding to the earth's surface (we take h = 0.6m).

R = 0.366 * 600 ℓg 2 * 2.5 + 1 ℓg 4 * 1.85 + 2.5 = 208 Ohm

2,5 0,03 2 4*1,85-2,5

The number of electrodes in the group grounding is determined:

By = R = 208 = 52 (5.9.)

Where K * 3 * 9 is the maximum allowable resistance of the grounding device equal to 4 ohms.

According to the requirements of the PUE, the number of electrodes, taking into account the utilization rates of grounding Px, is determined by the formula: P = Po / Pz (5.10)

Where Po is the number of electrodes

Пз - utilization factor of ground electrodes determined according to table 2.3. (10) P3 = 0.4

P = 52 / 0.4 = 130

Clarification of the utilization factor of ground electrodes: P3 = 0.36

The current spreading resistance of all electrodes in the group grounding is determined: R3 = Rp * P3

Where R3 is the resistance of the spreading of the current of the electrodes in the group ground electrode, Ohm.

R3 = 208/30 * 0.36 = 4.44 Ohm

The resistance to spreading of the current of the bond strip is determined:

Rп = 0,366 Rcalculated ℓg 2 (L t h) 2 (5.11.)

Where Lp is the length of the communication band determined

ℓp = 1.05 * a * n = 1.05 * 2.5 * 130 = 341.25m

Where a is the accepted distance between the grounding conductor for loop grounding.

D - communication bandwidth = 0.012m

341 * 25 0,012*0,6

According to table A.2.4. (10) determine the ratio of the communication bandwidth; taking into account the utilization of the communication band, we determine the spreading resistance of the current of the communication band.

Rp = Rp / Pp = 4.67 / 0.2 = 23.8 Ohm (5.12.)

The total resistance to spreading of the current of the grounding device is determined by:

Rp = 0.366 * 600 ℓg2 (341 * 25) 2 = 4.76 Ohm

341 * 25 0,012*0,6

This value is below the maximum allowable (4 Ohm), which means the calculated number of electrodes will provide reliable grounding of the equipment.

Safety engineering

Industrial injuries largely depend on the condition of the equipment and fixtures used by the car repair mechanic. First of all, the equipment and fixtures must be clean and serviceable. Equipment control should be easy and convenient. The transmission mechanisms are fenced.

Mobile tires are equipped with wheel brakes that ensure their quick stop; boxes for tools and light parts; pallets for collecting oil and fluids from the crankcase of vehicle units.

In order to improve working conditions when adjusting wheel bearings, steering and braking systems, hydraulic lifters equipped with pickups for the rear or front axle of the car are used to hang the wheels.

Compared to a hoist, they have a number of advantages:

· Provide normal hygienic working conditions, increasing the quality and productivity of labor.

· Favorable natural light conditions.

· Convenience of work from below both during inspection and during installation of wheels.

The hydraulic lifts used at the workshop are reliable enough. The oil is pumped into them not under the pressure of compressed air, but with the help of a pumping unit. The disadvantage of the lift is the difficulty of correctly positioning the vehicle, and therefore on the channels of the lifting part of the platform there are marks in accordance with the bases of installation and the location of the center of gravity of the serviced vehicles. To protect against spontaneous lowering of the frame with the body raised, the lift is equipped with a metal stop with holes for the stop.

Before starting work, a warning poster is posted: “Do not touch. People are working under the car! "

Garage jacks are used for hanging any part of the car, which have devices that exclude spontaneous lowering, as well as a check valve that provides a slow, smooth lowering of the stem or its stop in case of damage to the pipelines.

The supporting surface of the jacks is shaped to prevent slipping of the lifted vehicle.

Jacks are subject to testing 2 times a year with a static load 10% higher than the maximum (according to the passport) for 10 minutes. Liquid pressure drop at the end of the test ≤ 5%.

Much attention is paid to the serviceability of tools. They must be clean, wooden handles smooth, free from teeth, cracks and playfulness, made of hardwood. The handles should be tightly fitted and reinforced. The wooden handles of files, hacksaws and screwdrivers are fixed to the tools with metal rings that prevent them from splitting. Hammers and sledge hammers should have a slightly convex surface of the striker without potholes and cracks, not oblique or knocked down. Chisels, barbs, etc. should not have cracks, burrs. Wrenches must be in good working order and strictly correspond to the size of nuts and bolt heads, have high strength and durability.

When using portable power tools with a voltage of 110-220 V, a protective starter is provided in the premises, which provides remote control and instant disconnection from the power tool network in the event of a short circuit to the case.

Safety requirements for the maintenance and repair of the car.

Before installation at the repair station - the car should be cleaned of dirt, dust, snow and washed. The car installed on the floor post must be securely fastened by substituting at least 2 stops under the wheels, brake with the parking brake. In this case, the gear lever must be set to the position corresponding to the lower gear, and the ignition must also be turned off. A sign is posted on the steering wheel: "Do not touch!".

When servicing with a lift, a plate is posted on its control mechanism; the working plunger of the lift is securely fixed by the stop.

After the end of the work, all mechanisms are turned off, the workplace is put in order. It is necessary to check whether blanks, tools and materials have been left in the workplace; remove the used cleaning material in special metal boxes, dust and shavings from workplaces and overalls should be removed using vacuum cleaners, hair brushes. Then it is necessary to turn off all lighting electrical appliances, except for the pilot lamps.

Fire safety

Based on the properties of substances and materials, the conditions for their use and processing, the sections of TO and TR belong to category B, in accordance with SNiP 11-90-81 ("Industrial buildings of industrial enterprises"), SNiP 11-2-80 ("Fire safety standards design of buildings and structures ") SNiP 463-74.

The posts are the most dangerous in terms of fire, therefore they are located isolated from the parking lot and administrative and utility rooms of the station. Car repair facilities are thoroughly cleaned at the end of each working day. Spilled oil and fuel are removed with sand, cleaning materials are stored in a fire-safe place of the post. A relaxation room is provided for rest and smoking.

Considering that GOST 12.1004-86 should have two fire extinguishers for every 50m2, and the area of ​​posts is 135 m2, the sides of the posts have fire extinguishers 2-ОХГ-10 and 2-051-5, as well as a shield with fire equipment, a box with sand and a fire hydrant outlet complete with hoses.

In the zone of maintenance and diagnostics, free admission to fire fighting equipment and equipment is organized; the layout of the zone and the number of exits corresponds to SNiP 11-2-80.

To indicate the location of fire extinguishers, signposts are installed in prominent places at a height of 2-2.5 m.

Environmental protection

Influence of load

In carburetor engines, a sharp increase in power is achieved by changing the position of the throttle valve, i.e. due to an increase in the amount of fuel entering the engine cylinders.

In a diesel engine, at partial loads, the amount of fuel entering the cylinders changes, but the amount of intake air remains the same. The mixture control system affects not only the composition of the mixture, it affects not only the composition, but also the amount of exhaust gases.

conclusions

When designing a workshop, it allows for maintenance, diagnostics and repair of passenger cars.

The developed master plan of the roadside service station with rational use of the area meets the perfect requirements. The projected plan of the 1st floor of the enterprise with the necessary maintenance and diagnostic posts, premises for auxiliary materials, allows in the shortest possible time, in a timely manner and with high quality to carry out work on maintenance and repair of passenger cars.

Selection of technological equipment, calculation of the number of employees at the enterprise. The results of scientific research and constructive development are presented.

Calculated financial indicators of profitability and other economic indicators. As a result of our work, we will conclude that this enterprise will work effectively in the market of Volgograd.

The developed device makes it possible to repair the technical strut of a front-wheel-drive vehicle of the MacPherson-type suspension at TR, saving the production time of the worker.

Labor protection at the enterprise is organized in accordance with the technical requirements of GOST.

It was revealed that the projected enterprise, due to high-quality and efficient repairs, will occupy a niche in the Volgograd market for servicing passenger cars.

Bibliography

1. Afanasyev L.L., Kolyasnitsky B.S., Maslov A.A. "Garages and car maintenance stations" .M; Transport 1969 360s.

2. Avdotin F.N. "Theoretical foundations of the technical operation of cars" M; Transport 1985 215s.

3. Govorushchenko N.Ya., "Technical maintenance of cars" Kiev; High School 1983 207s.

4. Golubev IR, Novikov YV, "Environment and Transport" M; Transport 1987 207s.

5. Gudkov VA, Tarnovsky VI, "Technological design of motor transport enterprises and service stations" Volgograd; VolgPI 1986 30s.

6. GOST 25478-82 “Trucks, buses, road trains. Safety requirement for technical condition. Verification Methods ". Introduced 01.01. M; Transport 1982 31.

7. GOST 12.0.003-74 “Occupational Safety Standards System Dangerous and Harmful Production Factors. Classification".

8. GOST 12.1.005-76 “Occupational Safety Standards System (SSBT) Air of the Working Area. General Sanitary Requirements ".

9.GOST 12.2.003-84-SSBT. "Equipment. Industrial safety requirements ".

10. 10. GOST 12.3.017-79 "Occupational safety standards Repair and maintenance of cars".

11. Bzhirov R.N. "Brief reference book of the designer" Mechanical engineering "Leningrad branch 1984. 464s.

12. Napolsky G.M. "Organization and technical design of STOA" M; MADI 1981 83c.

13. Napolsky G.M. "Technological design of automotive enterprises and service stations" M; MADI 1981 182s.

14. Kuznetsov E.S. "Technical maintenance of cars" M; Transport 1991

15. "Regulations on the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of vehicles" M; Transport 1972 56s.

16. Salov A.I., Berkovich N.M., Vasilyeva I.I. "Labor protection at road transport enterprises" M; Transport 1977 63s.

17. Sivolobova V.S., Ganzin S.V., Ivakina E.Yu. "Organization of production, marketing, management" Volgograd, VolGTU 1995. 28c.

18. "Technical operation of cars" edited by G. V. Kramorenko. M; Transport 1983 488s.

19. Herzer K. "Passenger car service stations" M; Transport 1978 303s.

Roadside Car Service Station Project

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Introduction

1. Technological calculation of STOA

1.1 Rationale for the capacity of a roadside service station

1.2 Calculation of the annual scope of work of the workshop

1.3 Annual Scope of Self-Service Work

1.4 Calculating the number of production workers

1.5 Calculation of the number of posts and car seats

1.6 Calculation of the workshop area

2. Design part

2.1 Technical requirements

2.2 Terms of Reference

2.3 Calculation of main parts

2.4 Description of work

2.5 Technical and economic assessment

3. The economic part

3.1 Calculating the size of the investment

3.2 Service implementation plan

3.3 Calculation of operating costs

3.4 Calculation of prices and volume of sales of services

3.5 Calculation of prices by type of work, taking into account profitability and VAT

3.6 Financial planning

3.7 Technical and operational indicators of the workshop

4. Research part

5. Life safety

5.1 Microclimate of industrial premises

5.2 Work area air

5.3 Lighting of premises and workplaces

5.4 Industrial noise, vibration

5.5 Hazardous and harmful production factors

5.6 Electrical safety

5.7 Safety precautions

5.8 Personal protective equipment

5.9. Fire safety

6. Environmental protection

6.1 Air pollution

6.2 Evaluation of vehicles for toxicity of exhaust gases

6.3 Influence of the technical condition of the vehicle on the toxicity of exhaust gases

6.4 Influence of the composition of the working mixture

6.5 Influence of loading

6.6 Influence of idle speed adjustment

Literature

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In this thesis, carried out by a student of the ATZ-411s group, Sergey Borisovich Khlystov, a project of a roadside car maintenance station with a capacity of 15 cars per day has been developed. Technological calculation of service station, cost analysis, economic calculation were carried out. The issues of planning and management of maintenance and repair processes are considered. The list of services provided to vehicle owners has been determined. The design of the device for repairing the telescopic strut of the VAZ 2108-09-99, 2110 car has been modernized, making it improved for disassembling and assembling telescopic struts of domestic and foreign cars with a suspension of the MAK Ferson type.

Issues related to ensuring safe working conditions and environmental protection are considered.

In the conclusion, the literature used in the implementation of this work is given.

Introduction

The rapid types of industrial development of the country, the rise of the economy, led to an increase in the welfare of the population. In the last decade, the urban population has grown by 10-12%. Today it accounts for 50% of the total population of the country.

But if we take into account the quantitative growth of urban-type settlements, then we can assume that in the near future this figure will be equal to 60%.

It is known from the world project that with an increase in the living standard of a person, the sale of cars through the retail network increases sharply, i.e. there is a huge need for the production of automobiles. This is due to the fact that a person wants to surround himself with objects of convenience, comfort, luxury. The car is currently in one of the first places in the life of human society.

Living conditions in sprawling cities force a large number of people to spend their free time outside the city, and a car is also an advantage in the rational use of personal time, by reducing train time

The layout of the service station is understood as the layout or mutual arrangement of production, warehouse and administrative premises in terms of a building or detached buildings (structures) intended for servicing and repairing vehicles. The main condition that determines the planning decisions is the technological connections of the individual production sites of the service station, as well as building codes and regulations of car service enterprises.

Despite the variety of factors that have a different effect on the layout, there are a number of general provisions and requirements for the design of the service station, which must be taken into account when designing and reconstructing the service station. These include:

compliance of the layout with the production process diagram and technological calculation;

the location of the main subsystems (zones) and production areas (elements) of the subsystem of the production preparation complex of the enterprise, if possible, in the same building under a common roof, avoiding the division of the enterprise into small rooms;

unification of constructive and space-planning solutions of buildings;

stage-by-stage development of the enterprise and the possibility of its reconstruction without significant restructuring and disruption of functioning;

flexibility of production processes, ease of modeling and the possibility of changing production technology;

production safety and ease of work, as well as the creation of the best conditions for lighting, ventilation and isolation of noisy production processes;

ease of maneuvering vehicles in buildings;

organization of one-way looped traffic of cars and the presence of internal communication between production divisions, rational use of space due to technologically justified mutual arrangement of premises, the use of economical methods of arrangement of vehicles, the use of structural schemes of buildings, which do not require the device of intermediate supports or limiting their number;

obligatory excess of the land plot area for the enterprise of the building area by at least 3-4 times.

Horizontal sections are considered convenient if they have a short length along a public road.

In addition to the listed requirements, there should be a division into two communicating main parts: 1) customer service and car service; 2) providing customers with maximum comfort by appropriate location of the premises they use.

The implementation of the listed provisions and requirements is facilitated by the widespread use of standard projects.

General plan

The general plan of an enterprise is a plan of a land plot allocated for development, oriented towards public passages and neighboring estates, indicating buildings and structures on it in terms of their overall outline, a garage-free storage area, rolling stock, main and auxiliary driveways and paths of movement of rolling stock. composition on the territory.

The advantages of the second method (that is, in a disconnected building) include a reduction in fire hazard and a simplified planning solution. The use of disconnected buildings is advisable in the presence of especially large-sized rolling stock, with a difficult terrain of the site, a shutter of a fork in an enterprise or during its reconstruction, as well as in a warm and hot climate.

Washing of rolling stock of all categories is allowed to be placed in separate buildings. In our case, the cleaning and washing area is located outside the production building.

When placing an enterprise in several buildings, the gaps between them should be taken as the minimum necessary for the device of passage, sidewalks, laying of utilities, but not less than the distances that determine fire and sanitary requirements (SNiP 11-88-80).

The mutual arrangement of production and auxiliary administrative buildings is essential. The latter, as a rule, should be located near the main entrance to the service station, i.e. from the side of the main approach of the workers.

A parking area for vehicles belonging to employees of the enterprise should be provided near the auxiliary building.

Auxiliary premises, as a rule, are located in annexes to industrial buildings. They can also be placed in detached buildings to reduce harmful production. However, they must be connected to the production building.

Buildings and structures should be located taking into account the provision of the most favorable natural lighting conditions, ventilation of the site and prevention of snow drifts.

When developing master plans for buildings and structures, production processes accompanied by the release of gas and dust into the atmosphere, as well as explosive processes, must be located in relation to other buildings and structures from the windward side.

Warehouses of flammable and combustible materials in relation to production buildings should be located on the leeward side. Buildings equipped with aeration lanterns should preferably be oriented in such a way that the axes of the lanterns are perpendicular or at an angle of 45 degrees to the prevailing winds in the summer. When placing on the territory of the service station areas for open storage of rolling stock, the distances from them to buildings and structures are taken according to SNiP 11-93-74, depending on the degree of fire resistance of buildings and structures.

When placing buildings, it is necessary to take into account the terrain and hydrogeological conditions. The rational arrangement of buildings should ensure that the minimum amount of earthwork is carried out when planning the site.

It is recommended to envisage one-way circular movement of the car on the territory of the enterprise, ensuring the absence of oncoming flows and intersections.

The width of the carriageway of external driveways must be at least three meters for one-way traffic and six meters for two-way traffic. Based on the fire safety requirements, all buildings of the enterprise must have access to fire trucks:

• - on the one hand - with a building width over 18-100 meters;
• - from all sides - with a building width of more than 100 meters.

Master plan indicators (see figure 2.1):

• - total building area - 7500 m 2;
• - the area of ​​the main premises - 2200m 2;
• - area of ​​auxiliary premises - 750 m 2;
• - landscaping area - 1000 m 2;
• - parking area - 600 m 2.

Space-planning solutions of the production building

The space-planning solution of the production building is subordinated to its functional purpose and was developed taking into account climatic conditions, modern construction requirements, the need for maximum blocking of buildings, the need to ensure the possibility of changing technological processes and expanding production without significant changes in the reconstruction of the building, environmental protection, fire and sanitary requirements. -hygienic requirements, as well as a number of other requirements related to heating, ventilation, etc.

The installation of the production building was carried out from prefabricated unified, mainly reinforced concrete, structural elements (foundation blocks, columns, beams, trusses, etc.), manufactured in an industrial way.

The grid of columns is measured by the distances between the axes of the rows in the longitudinal and transverse directions, a smaller distance is called a column pitch, and a larger span.

The dimensions of the spans and the spacing of the columns, as a rule, must be divisible by 6 meters. We accept a grid of columns 18x12 with a step of 6m.

There are 11 zones and sections on the territory of the production building:

• - body section;
• - painting area;
• - wallpaper area;
• - aggregate section;
• - metalwork and mechanical department;
• - tire fitting area;
• - electrical department;
• - repair area for power supply system devices;
• - battery section;
• - zone of TO and TR;
• - diagnostic area.

Figure 2.1. Workshop master plan

1 - production building; 2 - carport for repaired cars; 3 - open parking lot; 4 - transformer; 5 - compressor room; 6 - treatment facilities; 7 - office building; 8 - autonomous heat supply; 9 - well; 10 - autonomous power supply; 11 - warehouses; 12 - warehouses

Figure 2.2. Industrial building

1 - Posts TO and TR; 2 - car reception area; 3 - client; 4 - spare parts store; 5 - diagnostic post; 6 - tire fitting area; 7 - electrical section; 8 - battery section; 9 - aggregate section; 10 - section for the repair of fuel equipment and carburetors; 11 - painting chamber; 12 - wallpaper area; 13 - welding and body section; 14 - locksmith-mechanical section

The service station is intended for the inspection and repair of vehicles. The need for a service station arises due to the provision of the proper technical condition of vehicles. Safe traffic on the roads, as well as the lives of the driver and passengers, depend on this. Himself construction project of service station requires painstaking work of specialists, which will ultimately affect the financial results.

Features of the workshop design

The complexity and scale of designing a new service station depends on the class of premises. There is the following classification:
- Diagnostic. It is supposed to repair any unit of the car.
- Aggregate. Performing repair and adjustment work for a specific unit or a limited list of them.
- Bodywork. Work on the replacement or repair of vehicle body parts.
- Commissioning. Adjustment of convergence camber, headlights, etc.
- Express. Performing minor repairs.
Depending on the number and specifics of premises at the facility, an individual project of the service station building is required. If there is a decision to expand the station, then some improvement will be required. As a result, a project for the reconstruction of the service station will be required.
On our site, the site has a large number of ready-made works of specialists in the field of design. The resource has ready-made STO graduation projects, in which everything is calculated to the smallest detail. Among the material presented on the resource in this section, you can find documentation for the construction of a small station or a full-fledged service. At the same time, a suitable STO project can be downloaded.
If you intend to build a new service station, but no suitable documentation was found, then you can contact our specialists. Possessing extensive experience and high qualifications, they will quickly and efficiently carry out a service station project for cars of any complexity.

1. ANNOTATION

2. INTRODUCTION

3. MARKETING PART

3.1 Justification of the demand for car service services in the selected area

3.2 Justification of a commercial idea

3.3 Description of the competition market

4. TECHNOLOGICAL PART

4.1 Calculation of the production program

4.2 Calculation of the annual scope of work

4.3 Calculating the number of posts

4.4 Calculation of the number of production workers

4.5 Process description

4.5.1 Section for diagnostics and repair of the diesel engine power supply system

4.5.2 Structural diagram of tire fitting

5. DESIGN AND PLANNING PART

5.1 Building structure

5.2 Calculation of production areas

5.3 Calculation of the area of ​​storage and auxiliary premises

6. LIVING SAFETY

6.1 General

6.2 Fire safety

6.3 Environmental safety

6.5 Calculation of electricity for lighting

6.4 Calculation of power supply

6.6 Calculation of the consumed amount of water

6.6 Calculation of ventilation

7. ECONOMIC SECTION

7.1 Cost of fixed assets

7.2 Calculation of the cost of wages of production workers

7.3 Calculation of depreciation charges

7.4 Calculation of business overheads

7.5 General workshop costs

7.7 Calculation of financial and economic indicators

8. CONCLUSION

Bibliography

1 . ANNOTATION

In this diploma project, an analysis of the state of affairs on the most necessary services for trucks in the area of ​​intersection of the Murmansk highway and the ring road was made. A guarded parking lot for trucks has been calculated taking into account their derailments for overnight parking. A technological calculation of the required sections for this rolling stock has been completed.

The organization of the technological process at the service station is considered.

The economic efficiency of the service station has been calculated.

Considered the safety and environmental friendliness of the entire project, ecology and environmental protection.

2. INTRODUCTION

Automobile transport is of great importance in the general transport system of the Russian Federation, it does not account for more than 2/3 of all freight traffic in the national economy. first of all, diesel, an increase in the production of light-duty trucks and electric vehicles for intracity transportation, a significant increase in the production of trailers and semi-trailers to provide transportation by road trains. Recently, it is planned to increase the turnover of public road transport by 1.3 ... 1.4 times, and the passenger turnover of buses - by 16 ... 18% Transport is an important element of infrastructure, which is understood as the branches of the national economy that create its overall functioning. on the process of expanded reproduction, the amount of reserves, raw materials, fuel and industrial products, the production capacity of warehouses, i.e. on the efficiency of the functioning of various sectors of the national economy. Repair production is of great national economic importance, in order to maintain in good condition the motor transport and extend the service life of cars, and is also a source of economic efficiency, tk. the remaining life of the parts is used. Approximately 70-75% of the parts that have passed the service life before the first overhaul have a residual life and can be reused. The main task of car repair enterprises is to restore the performance of cars at the lowest cost.

Reducing the labor intensity of work, equipping workplaces and posts with high-performance equipment should be considered as one of the main directions of technical progress in the creation of stations and road transport enterprises.

In this project, a service station with a parking lot of heavy vehicles was chosen as the calculated car service company.

One of the most important factors determining the capacity and size of a road service station is the number of cars that need the services of the projected service station, the number of their visits to the service station (per year, per day), as well as the number of derailments. At the same time, the capacity of the service station is characterized by the number of serviced cars during the year, days, and the size - by the number of work stations for maintenance and repair.

The peculiarity of the course project is that the so-called pre-project preparation associated with marketing analysis and the determination of the expected volume of services that may arise in the region under study and should be mastered by the existing and created network of car service enterprises are significantly expanded and concretized.

The project includes:

1. The marketing part, which substantiates the demand for service station services on the Murmansk highway in the area of ​​the ring road.

2. The technological part, which presents the structural diagrams of technological processes of tire fitting, repair of fuel equipment of diesel engines of trucks with the selection of appropriate equipment and tools.

3. Design and planning part, in which the calculation of the areas occupied by equipment and areas where technological processes are implemented

4. Section of labor protection and safety measures, which provides data on ensuring technical, fire and environmental safety during maintenance and repair of automatic telephone exchanges. Calculations of artificial lighting for plots are made.

5. The economic part, which contains: calculations of capital costs for the construction of a service station, equipment, current annual costs of wages, electricity, receipts from customers, net profit, profitability and payback period of the project.

3. MARKETING PART

3.1 Justification of the demand for car service services in the area

The subsequent work of the service station largely depends on the marketing analysis and justification of demand. The capacity of the service station should be such as to ensure its profitability and attractiveness for the service station clientele. It, along with the level of prices and the composition of the services provided, is determined by the quality and duration of service, including the waiting time.

One of the most important factors that determine the capacity, size and type of a service station is the number of cars in the service area of ​​the projected service station, as well as the number of their visits to the service station. At the same time, the capacity of a service station is characterized by the number of cars serviced during the year, day, size by the number of work stations for maintenance and repair.

When justifying the capacity and size of the projected service station, it is necessary to take into account the presence and throughput of existing car service enterprises in a given area, the possibility of their improvement and development. The design and subsequent construction of any enterprise, and especially a car service enterprise, must be associated with the prospect of increasing the offered services, changes in the design of vehicles, their operating conditions, etc.

3.2 Justification of a commercial idea

Substantiation of a commercial idea for the construction of a parking lot for heavy vehicles with sections of maintenance, repair and washing of cars on the inner ring of the ring road near the intersection of the ring road with the Murmansk highway.

Due to the annual increase in freight traffic and the throughput of the route, one can expect an increase in the number of customers. The car service is located in a convenient location, not far from the highway.

To calculate the production program of the workshop, an analysis of the traffic intensity of the traffic flow in the selected section was carried out.

The information is divided into the following types of PBX:

Freight local automatic telephone exchanges (region 78, 98);

Freight nonresident automatic telephone exchanges;

Road trains;

Public passenger transport (buses);

The specificity of the SRT as an enterprise imposes certain conditions on the established concepts of the main indicators of such an enterprise.

Currently, trucks of various brands and modifications belonging to citizens are serviced and the ATP is reaching a new level in connection with the commissioning of the ring road connecting the Moskovskoye Highway with Vyborgskoye, along which the main cargo traffic from Finland to Russia passes, in this regard, the following conclusions were drawn when designing a service station:

1. The greatest demand among citizens with trucks, while driving along their routes, is used by: TO and TP of the power supply system of diesel engines, since the technical condition of the mechanisms and components of the power supply system of the engine significantly affects its power and efficiency; tire fitting; vulcanization and car wash;

2. The services offered by the service station for maintenance and repair of the power supply system and tire fitting should be fast and high-quality and carried out by qualified specialists in these areas of repair, since an increase in the number of freight vehicles of domestic and foreign production requires the creation of universal service stations that can maximally satisfy the needs for the production of maintenance work and TR;

3. Studying the experience of road service stations shows that the effect of production is achieved by creating a guarded parking lot for heavy vehicles in the vicinity of a truck service station, which is reflected in this diploma project;

4. Equipping the service station with new highly efficient machinery and equipment, reducing the share of manual labor and improving the quality of services.

One of the most important factors that determine the capacity and type of service station is the intensity of traffic on the road of trucks.

Table 1

From the analysis of the intensity, it can be seen that mainly the freight traffic flow is formed from nonresident trucks.

In connection with the full commissioning of the ring road, an increase in traffic flows can be predicted.

3.3 Description of the market and competition

The analysis of the market of services provided for trucks on the Shushary - Koltushskoye highway section did not reveal any, which makes the project profitable from the standpoint of competitiveness.

4. TECHNOLOGICAL PART

In this section, it is necessary to calculate the production program of the service station, the annual volume of work, the number of employees, the number of posts at the station.

4.1 Calculation of the workshop production program

First of all, a list of services is selected that the service station will offer to motorists.

Types of service station services: washing of trucks

The scope of work and the size of the service station depends on the traffic intensity, the number of car derailments and the distance between the service stations.

In accordance with ONTP-01-91, the number of arrivals at service stations for performing TR for trucks and buses is 0.5% of the traffic intensity on the road; the number of visits to service stations for cleaning and washing operations - 0.6%.

Total number of truck and bus arrivals N D per day at the service station is determined depending on the traffic intensity on the road:

N D = And D p / 100

where: And D- traffic intensity on the road;

p- the frequency of arrivals:%;

Average labor intensity at each arrival of a truck or bus to perform TR is 3.6 man-hours, labor intensity of cleaning and washing operations - 0.3 man-hours.

The total number of arrivals per day for cars of all types at the service station:

N C = N C L + N C G + N C BUT

where: N C L ,N C G ,N C BUT- the number of arrivals at the service station, respectively, of cars, trucks and buses per day.

4.2 Calculation of the annual scope of work

The annual labor intensity of the planned road service station depends on the annual volume of cleaning and washing operations and works on the TR of transit vehicles.

The annual labor intensity of cleaning and washing operations is determined based on the number of visits to the station of cars per year and the average labor intensity of the work.

T G U.-M = N HUNDRED × N G BUT × t MIND

where: T G U.-M- annual labor intensity of cleaning and washing operations, man-h;

N HUNDRED

N G BUT- the number of arrivals of one serviced car at the service station during the year;

t MIND- labor intensity of cleaning and washing operations for one run, man-h;

Annual labor intensity of works on maintenance and current repair of cars:

T G = N HUNDRED L G t / 1000,

where: T G - annual labor intensity of maintenance and repair works, man-hours;

N HUNDRED- the number of cars serviced by the projected service station per year;

L G - annual mileage of one car, km;

t - specific labor intensity of TR per 1000 km. mileage, person-h;

table 2

Distribution of labor intensity of TR volumes by type of work

Table 3

4.3 Calculating the number of posts

The number of service stations is determined by summing up the estimated number of D and TR posts and cleaning and washing posts for trucks and buses.

The number of maintenance and service stations for trucks and buses:

X MRO = N C t CP φ k NS / (P NS C η P H CM)

where: t CP- the average labor intensity of maintenance and repair works per one run of the car, excluding cleaning and washing operations;

φ MRO- coefficient of unevenness of the car's arrival at the service station;

k NS- coefficient taking into account the share of post work in the total labor intensity of maintenance and repair;

H CM- the duration of the work shift;

P NS- the average number of workers at the post;

C- the number of work shifts per day;

η P

Number of stations for cleaning and washing of trucks and buses:

X Y-M = N C t CP φ k NS / (P NS C η P H CM)

where: t CP- labor intensity of cleaning and washing operations in one run for freight

cars and buses;

φ U-M- coefficient of unevenness of the car's arrival at the service station;

k NS- coefficient taking into account the share of post work in the total

labor intensity of U-M works;

H CM

P NS

η P- the coefficient of the use of working time at the post;

The total number of work stations at the service station is calculated by the formula:

X General = T NS φ / ( D G R H CM C η P R P) ,

where: T NS- total labor intensity of post work of production sites, man-h;

φ - coefficient of uneven arrival of the car at the service station

D G R- the number of working days per year;

H CM- the duration of the work shift;

η P- the coefficient of the use of working time at the post;

R P- the average number of workers simultaneously working at the post;

The number of waiting places for MOT and TR should be taken at the rate of 0.5 car-place per one working post. Waiting places are located directly in front of the premises of the maintenance and repair posts of vehicles.

X coolant = 0.5X STO

where: X coolant- the number of waiting posts;

0,5 - the number of waiting places for one work post;

X STO- the number of posts at the service station.

Calculation of the number of posts and car-seats of the service station.

Table 4

The name of indicators	Designation	Quantity
1	2	3
1. The number of posts at the service station, post;	KhSTO	3
2. The number of posts (TR), post;	XTOiTR	2
3. The number of posts (U-M), post;	HU-M	1
4. Average labor intensity for one arrival (TR), person-h;	tCP	3,6
5. Average labor intensity for one arrival (U-M), person-h;	tCP	0,3
6. The number of arrivals of cars on Service station per day, car;	NC	16
7. Coefficient of unevenness car arrival at service station	phto and tp	1,25
8. Coefficient of unevenness car arrival at service station	φU-M	1,15
9. Coefficient taking into account the share post work in total labor intensity (TR)	kP	0,8
10 coefficient taking into account the proportion post work in total labor intensity (U-M)	kP	1
11. Duration of shift (TR),	CHSM	12
12. Duration of shift (U-M),	CHSM	12
13. The average number of workers on the post,	RP	1
14.Number of shifts	C	1
15.Utilization rate working time (TR)	ηП	0,96
16.Utilization rate working time (U-M)	ηП	0,93
17. The number of waiting posts, fasting;	HOZH	2

4.4 Calculation of the number of production workers

Production workers include work areas and sections directly performing work on TR of trucks. Distinguish between the technologically necessary and the regular number of production workers.

The technologically necessary number of production workers ensures the implementation of the daily production program of the workshop:

N T = T STO / F T (1)

where: N T- the technologically required number of production workers, people;

T STO- annual volume of works of service station, man-h;

F T- annual time fund of a technologically necessary worker in one-shift work, hour;

The annual fund of time for a technologically necessary worker, with a one-shift working week, is determined by the duration of the shift and the number of working days per year:

F T = ( D. K.G. - D B - D P ) × H CM - D PP × 1 (2)

where: F T

D. K.G.- the number of calendar days in a year, days;

D V- the number of days off per year, days;

D P- the number of holidays, days;

H CM- the duration of the work shift, h;

D PP- the number of Saturdays and holidays, days;

The reduction of the worker before the weekend by one hour is also taken into account.

For the values ​​of formula 1 and 2, see the table

The staffing number of production workers ensures the fulfillment of the daily and annual production program of the service station.

N NS = T STO / F W (3)

where: N NS- the number of production workers, people;

T STO- annual volume of works of service station, man-h;

F W- the annual fund of time for a regular worker, hours.

The annual time fund of a full-time worker determines the actual time worked by the performer directly at the workplace:

F W = F T - (D FROM + D U.P ) × H CM (4)

where: F W- annual fund of time for a regular worker, hour;

D FROM- the number of days of vacation of the worker, days;

D U.P- the number of days of absence from work for valid reasons, days;

F T- the annual fund of time of the technologically necessary worker, hour;

For the values ​​of formula 3 and 4, see the table

The number of production workers, office workers, engineers, MOP and PSO

Table 5

Annual funds of working time and the number of production workers in the workshop

Table 6

The name of indicators	Designation	Quantity
1	2	3
1. Annual volume of service station, person-h;	TSTO	13402
2. Technologically required number production workers, people;	NT	7
3. Annual fund of time technologically required worker, hour;	FT	2170
4. Staff number of production workers, people;	NШ	8
5. Annual fund of staff time worker, hour;	FSh	1675
6. Number of vacation days, days;	Pillbox	20
7. Number of calendar days in a year, days;	DK.G.	365
8. Number of holidays in a year, days;	DP	0
9. Number of days off in a year, days;	DV	182
10. The number of pre-holiday days in a year, days;	DPP	0
11.Number of days of absence from work valid reasons, d;	DU.P	7

Note: Since the schedule of one technologically necessary worker is defined as "2 through 2", therefore, the number of holidays and pre-holiday

days are not taken into account when calculating the annual fund of time for a technologically necessary worker.

4.5 Process description

4.5.1 Section for diagnostics and repair of the diesel engine power system

The technical condition of the mechanisms and components of the engine power supply system significantly affects its power and efficiency. Common power system malfunctions are:

Fuel tank - cracks in the tank, leaks due to corrosion;

Fuel lines - breakage, cracks on them, leaks in the places where fuel lines are connected to fuel filters, high-pressure fuel pumps, injectors, clogged fuel lines;

Fuel filters - clogged;

Fuel pump - breakage of the inlet and outlet valve springs, lack of full seating of the valves in the seats due to contamination under them, a decrease in the elasticity of the piston spring, wear of the cylinder and piston surfaces;

High pressure fuel pump - wear of plunger pairs, violation of optimal pump adjustments, wear of the discharge valve - seat interface, breakage of the springs of discharge valves and plungers, breakage of the springs of the speed regulator;

Nozzles - wear of the outlet openings, their coking and clogging, loss of elasticity or breakage of the tightening spring, leakage of the needle - spray interface.

In the elimination of these malfunctions, the bulk of work on the high pressure fuel pump takes most of it, since its parts have high requirements for the accuracy of landings and adjustments, which leads to frequent repairs. In addition, the repair of the injection pump is associated with rather complex adjustments and disassembly and assembly work due to the complexity of the design.

When solving problems of current repair of high-pressure fuel pumps, it is important to know not only malfunctions, but also the probabilities of their occurrence, possible combinations of malfunctions in order to determine the most probable compositions of work.

The share of work on the fuel pump TR in the total labor intensity of the fuel equipment TR

Maintenance of the car in good condition and proper form is achieved by maintenance and repair. Repairs - in particular, routine repairs - unlike maintenance, is not a planned measure carried out for preventive purposes, but is carried out as needed, in the event of malfunctions, in the presence of which further operation is impossible or not profitable.

Work on adjusting the high-pressure fuel pump, and its current repair will be carried out: at the TP post, where they will adjust, replace the high-pressure fuel pump, repair the fuel pump. Moreover, for a car, (if it is impossible to adjust), there will be serviceable injection pumps from the spare parts store. Such a TR scheme is necessary in order to quickly eliminate the malfunction (replace the faulty injection pump or adjust it) and thereby reduce the vehicle downtime for repairs, and quickly release the client to the line. The repair of the removed injection pump will be carried out in free time from applications in order to replenish the working stock funds.

Structural diagram of the replacement and TR of the injection pump

Repair area

The list of work on the adjustment of the injection pump, and its current repair

Work on the adjustment of the injection pump:

1.adjustment of the end of feeding;

2.adjustment of toxicity of exhaust gases;

List of works to replace the injection pump:

1.Removing the injection pump;

2.Installation of the high-pressure fuel pump (includes work on adjusting the high-pressure fuel pump drive at the time of injection).

The list of works of the TR injection pump does not have a strictly defined sequence, since various malfunctions can occur at the same time, i.e. their combinations. Therefore, the sequence of maintenance work (most likely) will be as follows:

1. removal of plunger pairs;

2. placement of plunger pairs;

3.adjustment of the injection pump.

Replacement of injection pump:

1.Removing the injection pump:

Open the engine compartment door;

Remove the cables for the drive of the air and throttle valves;

Disconnect the fuel lines from the injection pump;

Disconnect the oil lines from the injection pump;

Disconnect the fuel supply reduction pneumatic cylinder from the high-pressure fuel pump;

Disconnect and remove the high-pressure fuel pump drive cover with gasket;

Detach and remove the injection pump assembly;

2.installation of injection pump:

Set the piston of the sixth cylinder to the TDC position;

Install the high-pressure fuel pump drive cover together with the attachment on the crankcase of the distribution mechanism and fix it (the high-pressure fuel pump camshaft in the position of the beginning of the injection of the eighth cylinder);

Connect the oil line to the high pressure fuel pump;

Connect the fuel lines to the high pressure fuel pump (except for the fuel injection line of the sixth section);

Adjust the moment of the start of fuel injection;

Connect the injection fuel line of the sixth cylinder to the injection pump;

Pour oil into the injection pump housing;

Release the bus on the lift;

Close the engine compartment door.

Replacing the plunger pairs:

1. Removing the plunger pairs:

Disconnect the body of the float chamber from the body of the mixing chamber;

Unscrew all jets and blow them out;

Remove sediment at the bottom of the float chamber;

Purge fuel and air passages in all parts of the carburetor;

Check the operation of all systems of the carburetor, if necessary, eliminate the malfunctions.

2. Assembling the carburetor:

Put all the jets in their places;

Tighten all plugs;

Connect the body of the float chamber to the body of the mixing chamber;

Install the float chamber cover.

Replacing the needle valve:

Remove the cover of the float chamber;

Remove the float;

Take out the needle and unscrew the “seat” of the needle valve;

Screw on a new "seat" and put a new needle valve;

Install the float;

Check the fuel level in the float chamber;

Attach the float chamber cover.

4.5.2 Structural diagram of tire fitting

5. Design and planning part

5.1 Building structure

Metal pile foundations made of steel pipes 3-8 m long. After submersion, the pile cavity is filled with sand concrete. Exterior walls

made of three-layer aluminum panels.

The roof consists of: metal mold, reinforced concrete slab, min.

y = 125kg / m, asphalt screed 10 mm, three layers of roofing material on bitumen

mastic, a protective layer of gravel.

Floors in the area of ​​maintenance and repair, tire fitting, spare parts warehouse:

covering concrete M300 with crushed stone, 25 mm;

underlying layer - concrete M300, 120 mm;

waterproofing layer of crushed stone and bitumen - 50 mm; base soil.

In the rest room, dressing room, linoleum coating.

The toilets are covered with ceramic tiles, polished concrete.

Sliding gates with the size of 4500x4000 mm.

Building height 6000 mm.

Window openings - with single sashes.

The walls of the building protect the room from external temperature and atmospheric influences, carry the load from the roof overlap to the foundation. The walls must ensure the normal temperature and humidity conditions of the service station. Inside the building, the walls are made of reinforced concrete slabs with a thickness of 250 mm and overall dimensions of 1250x6500 mm. The columns are made of reinforced concrete piles, size 400x400 mm. The roof of the building consists of load-bearing and enclosing parts. The load-bearing part consists of structural elements that take up all loads; in the station it is a metal truss and heat-insulating plates made of reinforced lightweight concrete GOST 7741-88.

The enclosing part of the roof is the upper waterproof layer, that is, the roof and the base. Roof - the top element of the covering that protects the building from the penetration of atmospheric precipitation. The base for the roof is the surface of thermal insulation, on which layers of a waterproof roll carpet are glued, consisting of three layers of antiseptic tar ruberoid of the RM-350 brand and MBE-G-65 bitumen mastic TU 21-27-28-71 and TU-21-27-16 -88. The roof of the station consists of polyurethane foam plates TU 34-4827-75 and heat-insulating plates made of reinforced lightweight concrete GOST 7741-88.

Cornice - a horizontal protrusion of the wall, serves to divert precipitation from the wall surfaces. The amount by which the cornice protrudes beyond the wall surface is 800 mm.

STO cornice is made of prefabricated prefabricated reinforced concrete blocks 600x600 mm.

Windows are used for lighting and ventilation of the room. Doors serve for communication between adjacent rooms. The gates are arranged in the building for the entry and exit of trucks. Gate leaves usually consist of a metal frame.

Floors. Covering - the top layer of the floor that is directly exposed to operational influences. At the service station, the coating is made of

cement concrete; ceramic tiles 13 mm thick; linoleum. Subbase - a floor layer that distributes loads to the ground. M300 concrete serves as a waterproofing layer, preventing the penetration of sewage and other liquids through the floor. The base of the floor is compacted soil. Screed - a floor layer used to level the surface of the underlying floor, giving the floor covering a given slope. At the station, the screed is made of 40 mm cinder concrete or 20 mm thick cement mortar.

5.2 Calculation of production areas

Service station areas

The area of ​​the TP zone is determined by the following formula:

S TR = X HUNDRED S A K P + S O

where: X HUNDRED- the number of TR posts;

S A- the area occupied by the car;

K P- coefficient of density of arrangement of posts;

S O- the sum of the areas occupied by attachments and other equipment located at the posts;

Table 7

Distribution of equipment by service stations

№	Equipment		Overall dimensions dimensions, mm	Area, m2
1	Adjustment of injection pump stand: DD-10-00 (KI-15711M-01) A universal stand for testing and adjusting fuel injection pump DD of domestic and foreign production with number of sections up to 12. Hydraulic drive 15 kW;	1	1930/890/1970	1,76
2	Dismantling and assembly work on the injection pump: NIIAT R-611 Bench type; consists of 5 specialized instruments and tools; facilitates disassembly and assembly works on injection pump when replacing plunger valves, etc.	1	1500/800/1242;	1,2
3	Fastening works: I 105M-1 Set of wrenches double-sided (8 items): 6x8-27x30 Contains all the necessary keys; double-sided wrenches reduce the number of tools.	1
4	Rack	1	1000/500/2000	0,5
TOTAL				3,46

Table 8

Cleaning and washing station area

Tire area:

F ETC = TO ABOUT * F ABOUT

where: TO ABOUT- the coefficient of the density of the arrangement of the equipment;

F ABOUT- the area occupied by the equipment on the site (the total area of ​​the horizontal projection of the equipment);

F ETC = 4 * 9 = 36

Distribution of equipment on the site

Table 9

№	Equipment	Qty	Overall dimensions, mm	Area, m2
1	Tire changer:	1	1650/1500/1000	2,47
2	Balancing stand:	1	1280/1730/1350	2,21
3	Portable compressor: K 11	1	1000/470/800	0,47
4	Jack: DG-12-10	2	175/145/250	0,025
5	Test bath wheels and cameras: KS-013	1	900/510/780	0,45
6	instrumental: TU-1	1	660/410/800	0,35
7	Wheel removal trolley trucks: P-254	1	1160/820/920	0,95
8	Crafting table	1	1380/600/845	0,85
9		1	1000/500/2000
10	Waste bin	1	300/500/500	0,15
11	Tire rack	1	2000/1000/1000	2
12	Air impact wrench for wheel nuts of trucks and buses: I-350 Mobile, floor-standing, pneumatic, reversible.	1	790/750/1020	0,6
13	Electrovulcanizer:	1	450/300/115	0,05
TOTAL				11,1

5.3 Calculation of the area of ​​storage and auxiliary premises

The area of ​​the storage (parking) area of ​​trucks.

According to the project, the parking lot of trucks will be open and designed for 48 vehicles.

When placing vehicles in an open area, it is recommended to take the angle between the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and the axis of the internal passage, for trucks and road trains from 60 ° to 45 ° (ONTP-01-91).

The width of the driveways for the entry and exit of vehicles is 6m, the width of the internal driveways is 10.7m (ONTP-01-91).

Area of ​​one car: S A = 52 m 2

Area of ​​one car seat: S AM = 81.3 m 2

The area of ​​one extreme car seat: S AM = 168.2 m 2

Area of ​​all car seats: S AM = 4600m 2

The area of ​​all driveways: S ETC = 5640m 2

Parking area: S = 10240 m 2

Warehouse area S SC is considered approximately according to the standardized area of ​​warehouses for 1000 cars serviced by the service station.

According to the ONTP, there are the following norms:

Tires 8 m 2

S SC = 8m 2

Areas of administrative premises

Administrative premises include offices for the management of the service station and premises for engineering and technical services. At the projected service station, these include:

office of administrative and managerial apparatus, accounting office, office of material and technical supply and production and technical service.

As a result of calculations, the area of ​​administrative premises is equal to:

S = 109.25 m 2

Household areas

The living quarters include changing rooms, washrooms, showers, toilets, rest and food points.

As a result of calculations, the area of ​​household premises is equal to:

S = 49.25 m 2

Calculation results for administrative and utility rooms

Table 10

Room type	Area, m2
Administrative and customer service rooms
Office	3
Acceptance of orders and sale of spare parts	9
Premises for clients	20
Office of the administrative and managerial staff	16
Accounting office	16
Logistics office and production and technical service	16
Toilet	4,5
The corridor	24,75
Social facilities for service station employees
Dressing room	10,5
Rest and meal room	17,5
Washroom	4,5
Shower room	7
Cleaning room	5,25
Toilet	4,5

6. LIVING SAFETY IN THE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR AREA

6.1 General

Life safety (VSS) is the theoretical foundations of safety applied to any type of human activity.

Life safety is closely related to such sciences as psychology, ecology, ergonomics, economics and others.

Life safety is broader than labor protection, which considers the creation of safe working conditions. Life safety considers not only hazards at work and protection from them, but also the characteristics of the person himself, his possible erroneous actions.

The issues of life safety, ecology and labor protection in this diploma project are considered at the projected truck repair site, where a stand for diagnostics and repair of the diesel engine power system will be located.

The purpose of security - ensuring security is to identify the causes that affect the occurrence of unwanted events and the development

preventive measures that reduce the likelihood of their occurrence.

When designing a site for the current repair of diesel fuel equipment, the following safety requirements should be taken into account:

The premises of the repair area are equipped with general exchange supply and exhaust ventilation and local exhaust;

Air curtains can be placed above the gates of the maintenance and repair section, since the gates are opened more often 5 times per shift;

Electric motors and fans in ventilation systems are installed on vibration bases (spring or rubber) - noise and vibration reduction

Technological equipment must have a foundation with acoustic breaks, which are filled with porous materials (slag or expanded clay) - reducing the propagation of sound;

A water heating system is being designed;

The floor of the repair area is made of asphalt concrete pavement, resistant to the effects of lubricants, acids and alkalis;

Lighting in the form of fluorescent lamps (200 LK), incandescent lamps are used in explosion-proof design;

Building structures are given a matte or semi-matte texture of painting;

Protective grounding of equipment power supplies is provided;

Evacuation routes in case of fire - there should be no protruding structural elements; doors should open in the direction of the exit; the size of the doorway must be at least 1.9 meters in height, the width of the corridors - depending on the total number of workers;

Availability of personnel protection equipment at the site during the installation and operation of equipment - personal and comprehensive protection equipment;

The presence of fire extinguishing equipment on the site.

Any innovations necessitate a more thorough consideration of the issues of life safety, ecology and labor protection when working on technically complex equipment.

Ensuring safety is possible in the event of a warning and the development of measures to reduce the occurrence of hazards

Classification of hazards at repair sites.

Hazard classification is made according to the accepted world standard:

1. By the nature of origin

Chemical hazard - exposure of workers to harmful substances during the processes associated with work in this area - these are irritating and carcinogenic substances that penetrate the body through the respiratory system and the skin. The main source of emission of harmful substances is cars located on the site, moving under their own power. They emit nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons (many of which are carcinogens), soot, oil combustion products, and gasoline vapors.

Physical - work associated with the use of complex equipment - power and brake stands, scissor and two-post lifts; physical labor associated with diagnosing a car and adjusting its components and mechanisms of the car; work under vehicles suspended on lifts. This can be a hazard from power tools and devices, such as a backlash meter, which can result in bruises, cuts, and other injuries. Also, sources of physical danger are industrial noise from the operation of equipment and car engines, vibration from working stands, ultrasound, insufficient illumination in the event of failure of part of the area lighting lamps.

Psychological hazard - exposure of workers to an environment that is excessively gassed; a team with unsuccessful relationships, since about 30 personnel work at the station, and at the same time - up to half of the staff; the internal state of a person caused by fatigue from the monotony of labor when performing diagnostic and adjustment operations, fatigue, and so on

2. By the time of manifestation

Impulse hazards. These are instant dangers associated with injuries when working with a diagnostic tool, equipment of stands, electric shock

Cumulative hazards. These are the dangers associated with their gradual accumulation. These include: fatigue, bad atmosphere in the team; possible low temperatures in the cold season with unreasonably frequent use of two entrance gates on the site; constant exposure to small amounts of gases released during the operation of automobile engines.

3. By localization

Related to the atmosphere. Pollution of the atmosphere of the site with exhaust gases, mechanical dusty waste.

4. By the caused consequences

Fatigue caused by fatigue from monotonous work on the lifts and stands of the site, a bad atmosphere in the team, and so on.

Diseases caused by the action of exhaust gases, unsatisfactory meteorological working conditions in winter

Injuries resulting from diagnosing and adjusting vehicles, electric shock, and so on.

Death, electric shock, mechanical damage when working under vehicles lifted on lifts.

5. For the damage caused

Social damage - associated, for example, with performing monotonous work on the site.

Technological damage - associated with a violation of the technological process of performing work, for example, in the event of equipment breakdown.

6. By the nature of the impact

Active - these are the hazards that arise when working on stands and power tools: injuries, bruises, cuts.

Passive - this is a danger of electric shock due to poor grounding and neutralization, insulation failure.

The worker is exposed to the following harmful and hazardous factors:

1 - harmful substances, not released into the atmosphere exhaust gases, vapors of oil, water, coolant, inorganic dust, arising from the operation of the car

2 - electrical energy of faulty power electrical equipment, power panels;

3 - noise and vibration during the work of unregulated, faulty stands, during repair work of emergency vehicles;

4 - mechanical energy of the moving parts of the stand, the car being diagnosed, the dangerous location of the car on the stand;

5 - the meteorological conditions of the production environment with faulty heating, the entrance gates that are not closed in cold weather;

6 - poor lighting with non-working fluorescent lamps

The most dangerous are factors 1, 2, 3, 4, since they can cause injury, that is, instantly take a person out of a working state. Also, all these factors can lead to the appearance of a dangerous factor in the psychophysiological state of a person (especially vocational training, overwork, etc.)

Consider all the above-mentioned harmful and dangerous factors that occur during the operation of the maintenance and repair section:

1) Exposure to harmful substances. When working on the site, the worker is exposed to harmful substances. These are dust, harmful vapors of oil and coolant, gases CO, MOX, SKNU from the diagnosed vehicle, which are emitted either due to a malfunctioning state of the vehicle itself, or due to a faulty exhaust gas extraction system. Harmful substances, penetrating into the human body through the skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, have a harmful effect on it. The constant action of these harmful substances leads to chronic diseases. The means of protection are effective and known to be in good working order ventilation and filtration systems, regular wet cleaning of the stand, preventing the appearance of dust, as well as preventing the diagnosis of knowingly faulty vehicles.

The main regulatory document for the protection of workers from harmful substances in the air of the production area is GOST 12.1.005-88

2) Exposure to electricity. During the work of the stands of the site, electrical energy (220 and 380 Volts) is widely used, which entails the risk of electric shock and leads to the need to pay attention to the fight against electrical injuries.

The main regulatory documents for protection against electric shock are:

1. Rules for electrical installations (PUE-98)

2. State standards (GOST 12.1.009 - 90, GOST 12.2.007.3 - 90, GOST 12.4.011-90)

Measures to prevent the impact of electrical energy: periodic check of the working order of mechanisms and systems of lifts (stands), the state of electrical wiring; the organization of fences in the form of cabinets to protect workers from the mechanisms of hoists (stands), which are under high voltage; use of a tool with a handle made of insulating material in accordance with GOST-12.1.051-90 mandatory use of protective grounding and grounding on equipment, overalls with electrical insulation

3) Exposure to noise and vibration. Noise and vibration during the operation of lifts and stands occurs due to the operation of roller or chain units, especially worn ones; during the operation of the ventilation system, as well as during the repair and diagnosis of faulty vehicles

The main regulatory document on noise protection is GOST 12.1.003-83 * SSBT “Noise. General safety requirements "

Vibration parameters are standardized by GOST 12.1.012 - 90 SSBT. "Vibration. General safety requirements "

Measures to prevent noise and vibrations: the use of special foundations under the roller units of stands and vibration platforms; installation of electric motors in exhaust gas removal systems on vibration bases.

4) Impact of mechanical energy. Since the amount of work performed on the stands manually is small, the danger in this case is an injury arising from improper use of automatic equipment, violation of instructions for using the stands and non-observance of safety measures. When working with the equipment of the stand, a person may experience adverse consequences (bruises, sprains, injuries, and so on). It is especially dangerous to work under vehicles suspended with the help of elevators. Each worker must monitor the safety of his actions himself.

Security measures: observance of safety rules when using stands; training production workers in safe working conditions; use of production workers with appropriate qualifications.

5) The impact of pneumatic energy on the working area is possible when the compressor is running. The compressor works constantly in an autonomous mode, providing the stands with compressed air. The pressure in the system is up to 5 atmospheres. It is necessary to be afraid of a sudden depressurization of the pneumatic system, which threatens with injuries, as well as a sudden failure of the compressor, sometimes even accompanied by an explosion. The compressor must be provided for regular inspection to the state technical supervision authorities of the city of St. Petersburg, monitor the pressure in the receiver, and the absence of kinks in the hoses. Only lubricate the compressor with compressor oils.

6) Meteorological conditions of the working environment. According to GOST 12.1.005-91, the following norms for creating rational meteorological conditions are provided: temperature t ° = 17 - 19 degrees, relative humidity W = 40 - 60%, air velocity VB = 0.3 m / s

To ensure rational meteorological conditions in the cold period, the area where the stand is located is heated; at the entrance to the site, a heat curtain is installed. In accordance with GOST 12.1.005-88 "General Sanitary and Hygienic Requirements", work on lifts and stands belongs to category II - physical work of medium severity.

7) Lighting. The organization of rational lighting of the workplace is one of the main issues of labor protection. In case of unsatisfactory lighting, visual ability decreases, and myopia, pain in the eyes, cataracts, and headaches may appear. Combined lighting is used in the car maintenance and repair area, but the proportion of natural light in it is small.

Lighting should be sufficient for the safety of the work performed on the stand.

The site has combined lighting with fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps.

The norms of artificial illumination for the diagnostic area are regulated in accordance with SNiP 23-05-95.

Risk assessment:

When working on stands, there is a high probability of electric shock; to reduce it, it is necessary to check the serviceability of the mechanisms and systems of the stands of the site and promptly eliminate the problems that have arisen, timely carry out the maintenance of the stand.

6.2 Fire safety

Fire safety provides for ensuring the safety of people and preserving the material assets of an enterprise at all stages of its life cycle (scientific development, design, construction and operation).

The main fire safety systems are fire prevention and fire protection systems, including organizational and technical measures.

It is imperative that the power circuits are checked for the integrity of the insulation of the wiring, the absence of bare or otherwise damaged wires.

There are 2 exits in the premises of the plot. The gates have a fire resistance of at least 0.6 hours, the reinforced concrete walls of the maintenance and repair area have a fire resistance limit of at least 2.5 hours. Fireproof doors are made of non-combustible or non-combustible materials with a fire resistance of 1.2 hours.

To eliminate the fire on the site, there are fire extinguishers OU-2, OU-5, OU-8 (in connection with the existing electrical equipment, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are used), each stand is supposed to have one such fire extinguisher suspended from the wall in close proximity to it. An internal fire-fighting water supply with a hydrant is provided.

The used cleaning materials are put into metal boxes with lids, and after the end of the shift they are taken out to a fire safe place.

6.3 Environmental safety

To protect the environment, a water recycling system is used at the service station. Contaminated water is filtered in order to retain suspended particles, extract oil products and, in the future, is used in a closed cycle for technical purposes. The maintenance and repair area also collects and properly disposes of waste fluids and materials.

6.4 Calculation of power supply

The calculation of power supply is reduced to determining the consumption of electricity in the areas of current repair and car wash.

The annual electricity demand of the site is determined on the basis of calculations of power and lighting loads.

For the calculation, it is necessary to determine the rated power - R nom;

for electric motors P nom = P p √ pv;

where: pv - time constant, set by the technological process and takes into account the work within 8 hours.

Table 11

№	Equipment type	count		PHOM	KI	RactSM	QCM
1	Tire changer	1	2,2	8,5	0,6	5,1	3,06
2	Balancing machine	1	0,5	1,9	0,6	1,14	0,8
3	Compressor	1	2,2	8,5	0,7	7,4	6,4
4	Vulcanizer	1	0,3	1	0,2	0,2	0,6
5	Washing	2	3,3	33	0,7	23,1	13,86
6	Vacuum cleaner	1	1	5	0,4	2	0,6
7	Wastewater treatment plant	1	5,5	27,5	0,5	13,75	8,25
8	Scrubber drier	1	1,1	7	0,6	4,2	2,1
9	Power system repair stand	1	15	94,8	0,6	56,88	28,44
10	Power tool for power system repair	1	2	12,6	0,6	7,56	2,26
11		1	1,1	7	0,6	4,2	1,68
12	Thermal curtain	4	5	126,4	0,3	37,9	11,37
Sum			333,2	156,03	72,48

Changeable power - the power consumed during the work of the busiest shift, active P aktSM and reactive Q CM:

P actSM = P SUMnom * K I

TO AND- equipment utilization rate;

Q CM = P actSM * tgφ

Full maximum power:

S MAX =√ P 2 + Q 2 = 172.6 kW

6.5 Calculation of electricity for lighting

The annual electricity consumption for service station lighting is calculated by the formula:

W OSV = R Q F D

where: W OSV- electricity consumption for lighting, kW;

R- rates of electricity consumption, W / m 2 h;

Q

F D- area of ​​service station, m 2.

Approximate rates of electricity consumption for lighting 1m 2 floor area per hour are shown in the table.

Table 12

Electricity consumption rates for room lighting

Calculation of artificial lighting for areas.

Annual electricity consumption for site lighting:

W OSV = R Q F Have

where: R- the rate of electricity consumption, W / m 2 h;

Q= 2100 hours - operating time of fluorescent electric lighting throughout the year in the region of St. Petersburg and the region;

F D- floor area of ​​the site, m 2

Maintenance areas:

W OSV = 20 * 4015 * 257 = 20637 kW

Washing area:

W OSV = 16 * 4015 * 216 = 13875 kW

Administrative and amenity premises:

W OSV = 15 * 4015 * 216 = 13008 kW

General illumination:

W OSV.General = 47520 kW

6.4 Calculation of the consumed amount of water

Water is consumed for industrial and domestic needs; water pressure in the water supply system 0.2 ÷ 0.3 MPa.

Water consumed for production needs is used to wash parts and wash cars

Calculation of water for household needs:

for household and drinking needs, for basic purposes - 25 liters per shift for each worker;

for showers in industries 40 l per person

for group washbasins: for clean production 3 liters per procedure.

V HOZ = 4 * 365 * 25 = 36500 l

V SHOWER = 2 * 365 * 40 = 29200 l

V UM = 10 * 365 * 18 = 65700 l

Calculation of recycled water supply:

The selected treatment equipment can allow 80% recirculating water supply.

V M = n * r * 0.1

where: V M- water consumption in the washing area;

n - the number of cars serviced per year;

r - average water consumption per car;

V M = 3285 * 400 * 0.1 = 131400 l

Water consumption for cleaning premises:

V COLLECT = 365 * d * 0.1,

where: d - water consumption for cleaning, per day;

V COLLECT = 365 * 250 * 0.1 = 9125 l

Total water consumption:

V TOTAL = V HOZ * V SHOWER * V UM * V M * V CLEANING

V TOTAL = 36500 + 29200 + 65700 + 131400 + 9125 = 271925 l

6.5 Calculation of ventilation

When calculating artificial ventilation, we will determine the required air exchange. To do this, we will select the necessary fan and electric motor.

W- fan performance:

where: W- fan performance;

V- the volume of the building, m 3;

K = 4 - air exchange rate h -1;

W = 2838 * 4 = 11352

Two axial fans were selected for the service station: TsAGI-6 brand, flow 5000m 3, pressure 100 Pa, rotation speed 1000 min -1, efficiency. 0.62.

Thus, the total energy consumption:

W TOTAL = 180185 + 59977 = 240162 kW.

7. ECONOMIC SECTION

7.1 The cost of fixed assets

Calculation of the cost of fixed assets

Fixed production assets are those means of labor that participate in many production cycles, while retaining their natural form, and their value is transferred to the annual product for a long time, their value is determined by:

where: S OF- the cost of fixed assets, rubles;

S ZD- the cost of buildings, rubles;

WITH INV- the cost of inventory, rubles;

C TR- the cost of transportation costs, rubles;

With about- the cost of equipment, rubles;

With ASF- the cost of asphalt pavement, rubles;

The cost of the building is determined based on the formula, rubles;

C ZD = S * P

where: S- building area, m 2;

P- the cost of one sq. square meter, rubles;

With ZD = 658 * 8400 = 5527200 rubles.

The cost of asphalt pavement, rubles;

S ASF = S P * R P

where: S P- coverage area, m 2;

R P- the cost of one sq. meter of coverage, rub;

With ASF = 3066 * 550 = 1686300 rubles.

The cost of equipment is determined by:

C OB = Σ C i * n

where: WITH i- the cost of a unit of equipment, rubles;

n- the number of pieces of equipment;

The cost of equipment is shown in the table

Table 13

№	Name	Qty	price, rub.
Tire workshop
1	Tire changer	1	130 000
2	Balancing stand	1	98 850
3	Portable compressor	1	14000
4	Jack	1	3450
5	Bath for checking wheels and cameras	1	3900
6	Tool trolley	1	8600
7	Truck wheel removal trolley	1	15440
8	Crafting table	1	12000
9	Consumables rack	1	4900
10	Waste bin	1	370
11	Tire rack	1	2000
12	Pneumatic wrench for wheel nuts of trucks and buses	1	23400
13	Electrovulcanizer	1	10250
Section for diagnostics and repair of diesel engine fuel equipment
14	High pressure pump adjustment stand	1	350000
15	Exhaust gas extraction system	1	20000
16	Workbench for disassembly and assembly works on injection pump:	1	27700
17	Tools	1	735
18	Rack	1	4900
Cleaning and washing area
19	High pressure washer	2	59760
20	Vacuum cleaner for wet cleaning	1	8300
21	Closed-cycle treatment facilities with a block of tanks	1	210400
22	Scrubber drier	1	56300
23	Detergents	1	1500
24	Thermal curtain	4	12100
TOTAL	1227915

WITH OB = 1227915 rubles.

The cost of inventory is 2% of the cost of equipment:

S INV = 0.02 * S OB

WITH INV = 0.02 * 1227915 = 24558 rubles.

C TR = 0.1 * C OB

C TR = 0.1 * 1227915 = 122790 rubles.

The cost of equipment for administrative and utility rooms is shown in Table 13

Table 14

№	equipment identification		Market price,	Price,
1	Sofa	1	6000	6000
2	Armchair	2	3000	6000
3	Computer	3	20000	60000
4	Television	1	14000	14000
5	Table	6	2000	12000
6	Chair	6	1000	6000
7	Telephone	3	800	2400
8	Shelf and so on.	4	1200	4800
9	Safe	1	8000	8000
10	Stool	6	400	2400
11	Closet	8	800	6400
12	Microwave	2	2000	4000
13	Electric kettle	2	700	1400
14	Shelving and metalwork	6	800	4800
15	Hanger	4	500	2000
16	Cash machine	1	3000	3000
TOTAL:	130400

WITH OB.ADM = 130400 rubles.

The cost of inventory is 2% of the cost of equipment for administrative and utility premises:

WITH INV.ADM = 0.02 * WITH OB.ADM

WITH INV.ADM = 0.02 * 130400 = 2608 rubles.

The cost of transport services. We accept 10% of the equipment cost:

WITH TR.ADM = 0.1 * WITH OB.ADM

With TR.ADM = 0.1 * 130400 = 13040 rubles.

The cost of fixed assets is:

S OF = S ZD + S OB + S INV + S ASF + S TR

C OF = 5527200 + 1227915 + 24558 + 122790 + 130400 + 2608 + 13040

= RUB 7,048,511

7.2 Calculation of the cost of wages of production workers

The wage fund is determined on the basis of data on the planned number of repair workers, the annual volume of work on the site, the planned fund of working hours of one worker and the average hourly wage rate calculated for the workers of this division.

The initial data for the calculation are presented in the table

Table 15

Table 16

Number of non-production workers

Payroll according to the tariff:

ФЗП Т = С Ч * Т УЧ

FZP Т = 100 * 14910 = 1,491,000 rubles.

FZP T. TOTAL = 1,428,000 + 1,491,000 = 2,919,000 rubles.

Performance bonuses are:

P R = 0.35 FZP T. TOTAL

P R = 0.35 * 2919000 = 1021650 rubles.

The main wage fund is determined:

FZP OSN = FZP T. TOTAL + P R

FZP OSN = 2919000 + 1021650 = 3940650 rubles.

The amount of additional salary is set as a percentage of the basic salary, taking into account specific working conditions and is 10-40% FZP OSN .

FZP DOP = 0.1 FZP OSN

FZP DOP = 0.1 * 3940650 = 394065 rubles.

The general payroll consists of the main and additional payroll:

FZP GENERAL = FZP OSN + FZP DOP

FZP GENERAL = 3940650 + 394065 = 4334715 rubles.

Average monthly wage of a manufacturing worker:

ZP SR = FZP GENERAL / R PR

Salary wed = 4334715/20 = 216736 rubles.

where: R PR = 20 people- the number of production workers and personnel;

Payroll accrual 26.0%:

H NACH = 0.26 FZP TOTAL

H NACH = 0.26 * 4334715 = 1,17026 rubles.

General payroll with accruals:

FZP TOTAL .. NACH = FZP TOTAL + N START

FZP TOTAL .. NACH = 4334715 + 1127026 = 5461741 rubles.

Table 17

Calculation of wages of production workers

7.3 Calculation of depreciation charges

The depreciation expense consists of two items:

a) for the complete restoration of equipment we take equal to 12% of

book value of equipment - With A.OB ;

C A.OB = 0.12 * 1227915 = 147350 rubles.

b) deductions for the restoration of the building are taken equal to 3% of its

cost - With A.ZD. ;

With A.ZD = 0.03 * 5527200 = 165,816 rubles.

c) deductions for the restoration of the equipment of the administrative premises

we take equal to 12% of its cost - With A.ZD. ;

WITH OB.ADM.ZD = 0.12 * WITH OB.ADM

WITH OB.ADM.ZD = 0.12 * 130400 = 15648 rubles.

Total depreciation charges WITH A. GENERAL ;

WITH A GENERAL = WITH A OB + WITH A ZD + WITH OB.ADM.ZD = 147350 + 165816 + 15648 = 383820 rubles.

7.4 Calculation of business overheads

Business overhead costs are determined by drawing up an appropriate estimate:

Equipment operating costs;

- for power electricity:

C E = W * S TO

where: With e- the cost of electricity per year, rubles;

W- annual power consumption, kW / h;

S TO- the cost of one kW ∙ h of power electricity, rubles;

C E = ( W FORCE + W OSV ) * S TO = (62788 + 47520) * 1.3 = 143400 rubles.

- for water supply:

C B = Q IN * S M

where: C B- the cost of water consumed per year, rubles;

Q IN- annual water consumption, m 3;

S M.PR = 12 rubles / m 3- the cost of 1 m 3 of industrial water;

S M.ST = 16 rubles / m 3 - cost of 1 m 3 of water runoff;

With V.PR = 272 * 12 = 3264 rubles.

With V.ST = 140.5 * 16 = 2250 rubles.

WITH V. TOTAL = WITH V. PR + WITH V. ST

WITH V. TOTAL = 3264 + 2250 = 5514 rubles.

- about 5% of the cost of the equipment is accepted for the repair of equipment, i.e. equipment repair costs:

With R.O.B. = 0.05 * FROM

With R.O.B. = 0.05 * 1227915 = 61,395 rubles.

- other expenses are taken in the amount of 5% of the amount of expenses for electricity, water and current repairs of equipment:

C PR = 0.05 * (C E + WITH V. GENERAL +With R. OB)

C PR = 0.05 * (143400 + 5514 + 61395) = 10515 rubles.

7.5 General workshop costs

General workshop expenses for the maintenance of premises are taken equal to 3% of the cost of the building - Z POM .

З POM = 0.03 * 5527200 = 165,816 rubles.

The costs of current repairs of the building З ТР.ЗД usually amount to about 2% of the cost of the building:

Z TR.ZD = 0.02 * 5527200 = 110544 rubles.

The cost of maintaining and repairing inventory is 7% of its cost

– Z INV .

З INV = 0.07 * 24558 = 1720 rubles.

The costs of labor protection are assumed to be equal at the rate of 100 rubles. for one worker - W SECURITY TR .

W SECURITY TR = 100 * 20 = 2000 rubles.

Other expenses take 10% of the amount of all general workshop expenses

– Z PR.R .

Z PR.R = 0.1 * (Z POM ​​+ Z TR.ZD + Z INV + W SECURITY TR)

Z PR.R = 0.1 * (165816 + 110544 + 1720 + 2000) = 280080 rubles.

Land rent:

З АРН = S * T

where: S- building area m 2;

T- rent m 2 / year;

З ARN = 10888 * 80 = 871040 rubles.

Table 18

Art. No.	Expenditure	Designation	Amount, rub
1	Equipment operating costs
	power electricity	SE	143400
	industrial water	SWOT	5514
	repair of equipment	SR.OB	61395
	other expenses	SPR	10515
	depreciation for equipment restoration	SAOB	202356
2	General shop expenses
	maintenance costs	ZPOM	165816
	maintenance and repair costs of inventory	ZINV	1720
	maintenance costs of the building	ZTR.ZD	110544
	occupational Safety and Health	ZOOHR.TR	2000
	other expenses	ZPR.R	280080
	land lease	ZARN	871040
TOTAL		1815022

Table 19

Costing

№	Expenditure	Designation	The amount of expenses,
1	Production workers wages	FZPOBSCH	4334715
2	Payroll	NNACH	1127026
3	Workshop invoices
a) power electricity	SE	143400
b) equipment repair	SR.OB	61395
c) renovation of buildings	SAZD	165816
d) depreciation	SA GENERAL	383820
e) maintenance of premises	SS.PL	165816
f) inventory content	SS.INV	1720
g) labor protection	ZOOHR.TR	2000
h) other expenses	ZPR.R	280080
TOTAL	6610312

7.6 Technical and economic indicators

The cost of a man-hour is determined by the formula:

S = Σ C General / T G UCH

where: C ABOUT SCH - costs per year, rub.

S = 6 610 312/11825 = 560 rubles.

Taking the costs from the table, we calculate the cost price - S

Labor cost:

C = 750 rubles.

The proceeds from the production of services at the TR sites are calculated as follows:

D = C T G UCh

D TR = 750 * 7884 = 5518800 rub.

D M = 500 * 5518 = 2,759,000 rubles.

The amount of revenue from a guarded parking lot is calculated using the formula

D = n * C * K I * 365

where: n =48 - the capacity of the parking lot;

C = 200 rubles.- payment per day;

K I = 0.9- coefficient of the highest probability of filling the parking lot;

D = 48 * 200 * 0.9 * 365 = 3,153,600 rubles.

Total revenue D GENERAL ;

D TOTAL = 5518800 + 2759000 + 3153600 = 11431400 rubles.

Capital costs for the construction of a parking lot with TR and car wash areas are determined by the formula:

S KAP = S PL + S OGR + S ST + S ZD + S OB

where: С ПЛ - the cost of covering the parking area (gravel 300 rubles per 1 m 2);

S OGR - costs for fencing the parking lot including the barrier and gatehouse;

С ЗД - costs for the building of the service station;

С OB - the cost of the purchased equipment to ensure the TR of vehicles;

With CAP = 3072000 + 131400 + 5527200 + 1227915 = RUB 9958515

The goal of the project is formulated as the value of the annual economic effect calculated by the formula:

E = D TOTAL * TO VAT - S YEAR

where: D GENERAL- the total amount of revenue;

To VAT- coefficient taking into account VAT;

S YEAR- total annual costs;

E = 11431400 * 0.83 - 6610312 = 2877750 rubles.

The amount of net profit is determined by the formula:

P = E * K P

where: K P = 0,76 - coefficient taking into account income tax;

P = 2,877,750 * 0.76 = 2,187,090 rubles.

Calculations of economic indicators are presented in table 19

Table 20

7.7 Calculation of financial and economic indicators

The rate of return is:

P = P / S YEAR

P = 2187090/6610312 = 0.33

The payback period is determined by the formula:

T = CAP / (D TOTAL * 0.82 - S YEAR) * 0.76

T = 9958515 / (11431400 * 0.83 - 6610312) * 0.76 = 4.5 years

Table 21

Technical, economic and financial indicators

CONCLUSION

In this work, a program for maintenance and repair was defined for the projected service station. According to the well-known annual program, a list and volume of work performed by the station was determined, as well as the number of employees at the station, the number of main and auxiliary posts, the area of ​​zones of sections and auxiliary premises.

Development of maintenance and current repair areas at the station with the use of the latest technical means and equipment will allow the station to provide services at a new, higher level. In the future, this will provide the station with stable demand, constant clientele, and a high reputation among car owners.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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2. Napolsky G.M. Technological design of motor transport enterprises and service stations. M .: Transport. 1991.

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4.Fastovtsev T.F. Organization of maintenance and repair of passenger cars.

M: Transport, 1989.-256 p.

5.Fastovtsev T.F. Autotechsluzhivanie.-M: Mechanical Engineering, 1985.-256 p.

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Transport, 1985.-213 p.

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