TEXT OF THE REPORT AT THE FINAL PLENARY SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPIRITUAL AND EDUCATIONAL FORUM “GLIN READINGS” JULY 29, 2017
In one of his letters, answering the question about where it is best to make a pilgrimage, St. Theophan the Recluse remarked:
“You shouldn’t think that the Lord is closer to Kyiv or Moscow, Athos or Jerusalem, than to another place. His place is our heart! And when he comes in and exults... behold Jerusalem, and more than Jerusalem. Let's worry about this. The heart is in us, but there is a journey to the heart, and sometimes it is a long, long journey. This journey is more difficult, more valuable in the eyes of the Lord, and more fruitful.”
These words of the saint have a special value for us, teachers. acting as child drivers. We must first walk the path to our own hearts, get to know ourselves well, so as not to find ourselves in the role of blind leaders of the blind.
N.V. Maslov’s book “The Importance of Attention in Human Life” (M., 2017) can be compared to a guidebook, a practical guide that is necessary for everyone who is going to travel to unknown places. This book is a generalization and modern pedagogical adaptation of the thousand-year experience of outstanding Orthodox thinkers, devotees of piety in working on oneself, in self-education. None of the advice of the holy fathers is of an abstract nature; they themselves walked the path that St. Theophan writes about. They learned everything from their own experience, discovered the main difficulties of this “route”, its most dangerous places and rapids, explored and described them in detail for us.
The Holy Fathers loved to repeat: “Theory is a court lady in a palace, but practice is a bear in a dense forest that can break its back.”
To some extent, these words can be attributed to modern pedagogy and psychology, which are taught in universities today. An incredible number of intellectually sophisticated, beautiful theories and systems have been created, and many terminologically rich textbooks and manuals have been published. But practice breaks everything. This is evidenced by the current deplorable situation with the education of young people in schools and universities.
In this situation, the experience and advice of outstanding thinkers and educators with whom he introduces us A new book N.V. Maslov, can and should become a support for the development of methods, methods and techniques for educating students that take into account the spiritual nature of man, his need for “daily bread” - a constant connection with God.
This book significantly expands our pedagogical horizons and helps us take a fresh look at one of the key concepts that form the basis of pedagogical tools - attention.
It cannot be said that modern pedagogy and psychology have not explored and methodically developed this concept. However, these developments mainly concern the physiological basis of attention. I quote a textbook on pedagogy and psychology for universities: “The general state of attention, the stability of attention, are apparently associated with the work of the reticulation formation.” While devoting much space to the development of physiological mechanisms of attention, teachers and psychologists completely ignore the spiritual side of this phenomenon. This applies not only to external, but also internal attention.
I quote the textbook “General Psychology” for higher education students educational institutions: “Internal or intellectual attention is directed to the analysis of the activity of mental processes (perception, memory, imagination, thinking) and mental organs and experiences. It is clearly manifested, for example, in solving problems mentally, in remembering, thinking mentally.”
As we see, the concept of “internal attention” is characterized in a very vague and contradictory manner. On the one hand, it is identified with reflection, introspection, during which the quality of all mental processes occurring in us is determined, on the other hand, in general with our thinking ability and even with the ability to remember.
The reason is the materialistic view of human personality. From this point of view, there is and cannot be anything inside a person that is not determined by external material and social factors. The soul is understood not as an independently existing reality and integrity, but as a bundle of physiological functions. With this approach, in essence, there is no need for education and development of the soul. It all comes down to the problem of managing a person, according to the principle: “stimulus - response”. In this regard, let us remember K.D. Ushinsky: “Not a single materialistic theory can talk about the development (of man), because when there is no soul with its own content, then there is nothing to develop.”
The approach that is developed in the book by N.V. Maslova, is not something new and unprecedented, in this case it is only restored in rights, brought to consciousness modern teachers rooted in the Russian popular consciousness, reflected in the Russian language, the spiritual traditions of Russian enlightenment, which received the most complete and open embodiment in the pedagogical activities of the monasteries - Glinskaya and Optina Monasteries, Russian theological schools and outstanding educators of the 19th century - Nikolai Semenovich Shishkov, Sergei Semenovich Uvarov, Sergei Alexander Rachinsky and others.
The essence of this approach can be briefly expressed in the words of Schema-Archimandrite John Maslov: “Arrange the internal and the external will be arranged.”
“Inner” is the soul, which is thought and, most importantly, felt as reality, as the greatest treasure, as something for which we are truly responsible.
For what does it profit a man if he gains the whole world and loses his own soul? Or what ransom will a man give for his soul? (Mark 8:36-37).
Be careful! - this call of Schema-Archimandrite John Maslov, with which he constantly addressed his spiritual children, means, first of all, attention to the state of one’s soul, internal attention.
The presented book comprehensively reveals the importance of internal attention, provides a selection of sayings of the holy fathers that have exceptional value and depth and which can be considered as a pedagogical tool for organizing work on cultivating attention.
Saint Theophan the Recluse writes: “How expensive... to acquire the skill of attention! The main work of those who have begun to take care of the soul is usually directed towards this. And their work begins to look a little like work only as soon as their attention begins to gather itself; Usually it is all outside, not inside. From this very moment, the inner life begins, and together with attention it matures and grows stronger.”
According to the holy fathers, constant attention to oneself, to the state of one’s soul allows a person to truly freely manage oneself and one’s affairs, to achieve success without allowing external circumstances and “ internal movements of its nature” (St. Theophan), i.e. the passions nesting in our hearts can captivate and scatter us. At the same time, it is emphasized that in order to gain such attention, you need to make an effort, force yourself (“The kingdom of heaven is taken by force” - Matt. 11:12), and this effort is associated primarily with prayer, turning to God for help. Inner attention is a gift of grace that cannot be acquired by a person on his own - through various auto-trainings and meditation, which can lead to the cultivation of pride and self-worship (all recommendations of modern educational psychology for working on oneself come down to such trainings).
It is very important to understand that true attention and concentration cannot be acquired without repentance, without awareness of one’s deep damage by sin, one’s mortally dangerous situation. From here the prayer is born: “Save, Lord!”
“Attention is the cause of faith, hope, love. Attention is the suppression of thoughts, a temple of the memory of God, a treasure keeper of patience, a sign of sincere repentance,” says the Monk Nicephorus the Solitary, a holy father who labored on Mount Athos in the 13th century.
The idea of a deep internal connection between attention and repentance permeates the works of the great spiritual writer of the 19th century, St. Ignatius Brianchaninov: “Attention during prayer brings the nerves and blood into calm, helps the heart to plunge into repentance and remain in it.” This statement of the saint indirectly indicates the role played by attention, prayer and repentance combined together in the fight against passions - the main sources of disorder in our mental life, our sins and falls. This idea is developed in more detail by St. John of Kronstadt: “It is difficult to overcome passions that have become, as it were, our natural members, but with unceasing attention to oneself and with diligent, unceasing prayer with abstinence, with the help of God it is possible to overcome and eradicate them.”
The book “The Importance of Attention in Human Life” is small in volume, but is distinguished by an extremely large semantic concentration. Each of its thesis, supported by the words of the holy fathers, can be the subject of many days of detailed study, comprehension and reflection. In addition to those already discussed, we will dwell on such important theses for us teachers as “Without attention it is impossible to keep the commandments of God” and “Attention enlightens and gives knowledge.” The commandments of God form the basis of the moral law, the mastery of which is vitally important for a person: if violation of physical laws is fraught with bodily death for us (no one in their right mind would jump from the window of a high-rise building - the law of gravity!), then violation of the moral law leads to spiritual death , the death of the soul, although for most this is not so obvious. Saint Ignatius Brianchaninov emphasizes: “The commandments of Christ are given not only to the outside person, but most of all, internally: they embrace all the thoughts and feelings of a person, all his subtlest movements. It is impossible to keep these commandments without deep attention.”
Thus, attention to the internal movements of our soul is a condition for observing the moral law, preventing violation of commandments at the very stage of the emergence of thoughts and feelings.
Attention is also called by the holy fathers sobriety, that is, power over passions. An attentive, vigilant will, observance of the moral law makes the mind clear, enlightens and makes it wise.
If a person’s will is blinded by passions, he loses attention, the ability to think sensibly and make reasonable decisions. Saint Theophan notes: “Inattentiveness comes from the disorder of the soul by sin,” “from a person’s loss of power over himself.”
The root of absent-mindedness is forgetting God, losing the fear of God. Absent-mindedness, enslavement of the soul by vanity, an unbridled desire for entertainment is born from the reluctance and fear of being left alone with oneself, of looking into oneself. Deprived of entertainment, an absent-minded person falls into despondency; long-term grief destroys him and puts him on the brink of the destruction of his soul.
The Holy Fathers call absent-mindedness a malignant disease. Immersed in vanity and everyday cares, a person clings to the earth, the very thought of God and of serving him becomes painful. An absent-minded person does not notice his disastrous state, his petrified insensibility and easily becomes the prey of passions and enemy temptations.
In patristic pedagogy, an absent-minded person is likened to “a house without doors and shutters: no treasure can be preserved in such a house; it is open to thieves, robbers and harlots.”
The book “The Importance of Attention in Human Life” unfolds a deeply thought-out “technology” for eradicating absent-mindedness and teaching attention, developed in detail on the basis of patristic pedagogy. At the same time, advice and recommendations for working on oneself are devoid of mentoring obsession, scientific dryness, registrar's clerical tone and semantic redundancy, which, unfortunately, characterize almost all textbooks and guides on educational psychology today.
The language of the book is polished and easy, the images with the help of which the most complex concepts are brought to the reader’s consciousness and the lofty revelations amaze the imagination and are immediately etched in the memory.
Such images, in particular, include the likening of a person’s inner world, his soul, to a home, beloved by the holy fathers. Here is how, for example, the technique of self-deepening and consideration of oneself, one’s soul is revealed by Saint Theophan the Recluse: “never stop the work of self-deepening [although at first, if you look into yourself, you will not be able to discern anything clearly due to the confusion of thoughts and feelings]. Be patient a little, and you will soon begin to little by little discern what is happening inside you, just as someone who enters a dimly lit room from the yard, after standing for a while, gradually begins to distinguish the objects in it.”
Schema-Archimandrite John Maslov uses the image of St. Theophan to illustrate the basic rule of improvement, directly related to attention. “If you want to be saved, go inside yourself, stand with attention at the entrance of your heart and destroy everything enemy that comes out and approaches.”
The thoughts and statements of Father John Maslov about attention in the book are given special place, their presentation takes up an entire chapter. And this is completely justified methodologically. It was Schema-Archimandrite John who was able to look at the teaching of the holy fathers about attention through the eyes of modern man, and to present it in a language accessible to us. It is also important that the author of the book had the opportunity to directly communicate with this living bearer of patristic tradition. Hence - an amazing feeling of reality, co-presence. It is as if we become direct participants, witnesses to the dialogue that Father John conducts with his spiritual children.
“We need to start from today to be more attentive to
treat yourself. You need to ask yourself questions every day:
– How will I come to eternal life, with what?
– What is my purpose here?
– What did I buy for this today? What did you lose? Where I am?
And so check yourself every day, especially before bed. If there is no such constant attention and control over oneself, a person will not be able to go to salvation, vanity will destroy him.”
Despite all the seeming elementaryness of the elder’s advice, behind them there is a deep, systematic knowledge of Orthodox anthropology, the patristic teaching about inner man. Based on this teaching, the schema-archimandrite formulates a moral law that reveals the special importance of attention in people’s lives: “The heart of a person cannot be idle... If it is not occupied with good thoughts, then the enemy of a person will fill it with bad thoughts and wishes. This means that we must carefully monitor what the heart is occupied so that it does not agree to sin.”
About the consequences of inattention, Father John wrote: “A person, being inattentive to his spiritual life, omits sinful offenses and does not realize his disastrous state.”
Father John gives a vivid and figurative description of the tactics of spiritual struggle, the purpose of which is to achieve attention through the acquisition of spiritual sobriety, through victory over passions: “The rule of spiritual struggle: conquer every passion by the power of Christ immediately, as soon as it arose. We cannot heal or completely expel it right away, but we can always drive it “to the bottom,” so that there the passion dies under the influence of the waters of grace, and our soul would always be peaceful, crystalline, loving, benevolent, alert, spiritually sober.”
Passion is driven to the bottom of the soul with the help of intense prayer and turning to God for help. This is precisely the meaning of the Savior’s words, which Father John cites when speaking about the tactics of spiritual struggle: “The Kingdom of God is taken by force.”
The book ends with a statement from Schema-Archimandrite John about the role of attention in the salvation of each person and an entire nation: “Attention is a priceless treasure! It is a persecutor of vanity, a weapon against the enemy of salvation, a guardian of soul and body, a ladder that takes a person from earth to heaven, a source of enlightenment, light and grace; it sanctifies the people and saves every person!”
This statement, which occupies a “strong position” in the text of the book (“The end is the crown”), reflects the spiritual and state strategy of the creators and leaders of the Moscow Pedagogical Academy, the Foundation of the Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky, the radio station “People’s Radio”, magazines, “Monks” ", "Shepherd", "Glinsk Hermitage". The fruits of this strategy, this long-term activity aimed at the spiritual transformation of our people and our education system are evident. In 1990, when this activity was just beginning, it was impossible to imagine that Orthodox culture will be studied everywhere in schools and universities in Russia, that the revival of Orthodox traditions in domestic education will become a subject of concern for state leaders, that we will be on the verge of fundamental changes in the entire system and content of our school and university education based on the one being developed today federal target program for spiritual and moral culture for forty years – from 2020 to 2060.
Whoever drinks of the water that I will give him will never thirst; but the water that I will give him will become in him a fountain of water springing up into eternal life (John 4:14)
These words of the Savior directly relate to Elder John Maslov, to his spiritual children, the organizers of the Glinsky Readings forum, to everyone who has embarked on this arduous, fraught with great temptations, but filled with bright joy and grace path - spiritual and moral education and upbringing, which “sanctifies the people and saves every man!”
The XXVII International Educational Forum "Glinsky Readings" was held at the Moscow Theological Academy from July 27 to 29. The readings were timed to coincide with the day of memory of the Elder of the Glinsk Hermitage, teacher, educator, Schema-Archimandrite John (Maslov) (01/6/1932 - 07/29/1991).
The purpose of the forum is to introduce moral principles and traditional spiritual values into the modern education system. The declared topics of the forum were spiritual and moral education in the family and educational institutions. In addition, issues of the moral potential of the Russian language, the importance of hagiographic and patristic literature in the spiritual and moral education of younger generations were considered.
Glinsky readings represent a high spiritual platform for professional self-education, growth and spiritual and moral training, first of all, for teachers. The forum brings together teachers, scientists and heads of educational authorities in the field of spiritual, moral and patriotic education.
Schema-Archimandrite John (Maslov) was born on January 6, 1932 in the village of Potapovka, Sumy region, into a pious peasant family. At the age of 12, Ivan began working on a collective farm. Herded cows, plowed, sowed, mowed, assembled plows, learned to make carts. I went to school 6 kilometers away in the village of Sopic. Thanks to his natural talent, Ivan studied very well. In 1951, Ivan was drafted into the army.
In 1954 he went to the Glinsk hermitage. At first, Ivan performed general obediences in the monastery for several months, then he was given a cassock, and in 1955 he was enrolled in the monastery by decree. At that time, such great elders as Schema-Archimandrite Andronik (Lukash), Schema-Archimandrite Seraphim (Amelin), Schema-Archimandrite Seraphim (Romantsov) labored in the monastery. The abbot of the monastery soon blessed John to respond to numerous letters that came to the monastery from those who asked for advice, spiritual guidance and help.
So Ivan began his selfless service to God and his neighbors, leading the most modest, strict and humble life. He bore the obedience of a scribe, worked in a carpentry workshop, made candles, then was the head of a pharmacy and at the same time a choir attendant. On October 8, 1957, on the eve of the celebration of the repose of the holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian, the young novice was tonsured a monk with the name John in honor of the holy Apostle.
In 1961, after the closure of the monastery, Father John, with the blessing of Elder Andronik, entered the Moscow Theological Seminary. In 1962, he was ordained at the Patriarchal Epiphany Cathedral to the rank of hierodeacon, and on March 31, 1963, to the rank of hieromonk. After graduating from the seminary, he continued his studies at the Theological Academy. Even during his years at the academy, he, a student, was entrusted with the spiritual care of teachers and students, in addition, he confessed to pilgrims. It was here that the abilities and pastoral gifts of Father John were fully revealed, who from the first days proved himself to be a most experienced confessor.
In 1969, Father John graduated from the Moscow Theological Academy with a candidate of theology degree, awarded to him for the essay “Elder Hieroschemamonk Ambrose (Grenkov) of Optina and his epistolary heritage.” Father John was retained as a professorial fellow at Moscow theological schools, teaching pastoral theology and practical guidance for pastors. In 1974, he began teaching liturgics at the seminary.
Since 1974, more than a hundred works by Father John have been published in various publications. The crowning achievement of his scientific and theological activities at Moscow Theological Schools is his master’s thesis “St. Tikhon of Zadonsk and his teaching on salvation,” which he defended on March 11, 1983, receiving the title of Master of Theology. In 1991, Father John completed a unique work - his doctoral dissertation “Glinsk Hermitage. History of the monastery and its spiritual and educational activities in the 16th-20th centuries.”
In 1991, Father John completed the Glinsky Patericon, which included 140 biographies of the Glinsky ascetics. Thanks to his theological works, Father John is known not only as an elder-confessor, but also as a spiritual educator.
In 1985, the Master of Theology was sent from the Trinity-Sergius Lavra as a confessor to the Zhirovitsky Assumption Monastery. He did not have to work long in the new field of pastoral work. In June 1990, he came on vacation to Sergiev Posad, and in August, before his next departure to Belarus, the illness finally confined him to bed. The suffering either intensified, reaching critical states, or weakened. Schema-Archimandrite John did not stop receiving his spiritual children even if after another conversation he lost consciousness.
On Monday, July 29, 1991, at 9 a.m., Elder John took communion. At 9.30 the elder peacefully departed to the Lord in full consciousness.
On the morning of July 31, a funeral liturgy was celebrated by a council of clergy, led by the abbot of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra, Archimandrite Eleutherius (Didenko). At 12 noon, the coffin was taken to the square in front of the Trinity Cathedral, where a litany was served in front of a gathering of pilgrims, and Father John was buried in the Old Cemetery in Sergiev Posad.
Based on materials from the sites "Luki.ru" and "Glinsky Readings"
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WITH July 27 to 29, 2015 The XXIV International Educational Forum was held at the Moscow Theological Academy (Sergiev Posad, Moscow Region) "Glinsky readings", dedicated to the 1000th anniversary of the repose of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Grand Duke Vladimir.
Subject readings - “Spiritual and moral foundations of education and upbringing.”
Within the framework of the forum, round tables were held dedicated to discussing the problems of spiritual and moral education in primary, secondary, higher and vocational schools, the topic of the moral ideal, teacher training, and the work of libraries, a Plenary session was held.
On the last day of the forum, July 29, a memorial service took place at the grave of Schema-Archimandrite John (Maslov), one of the Glinsk elders.
Teachers, scientists, clergy, and cultural workers from many regions of Russia, as well as from the CIS countries, took part in the readings.
Organizer of readings - Moscow pedagogical academy(rector - Elena Olegovna Krylova).
Forum presenter - Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences Nikolai Vasilievich Maslov.
A delegation of Moscow teachers took part in the Glinsky readings.
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Readings Program
GLINSKY READINGS
Dedicated to the 1000th anniversary of his death
Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir
In order to implement the “Strategy for the development of education in Russian Federation for the period until 2025" and the development of educational traditions laid down by Holy Prince Vladimir, the International Educational Forum "GLIN READINGS" is traditionally held on July 27 - 29, 2015 with the participation of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation and Rosmolodezh.
Forum topic: “Spiritual and moral foundations of education and upbringing”.
Directions of the forum's work
Spiritual, moral and patriotic education of children and youth. Domestic traditions of pedagogy. Education in family and school. The moral potential of the Russian language: the role of the language environment in the education of children and youth. Spiritual and moral component of teacher professional training. Theoretical foundations and practical experience of using the patristic heritage in educational institutions of Russia. The works of Schema-Archimandrite John (Maslov), recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, in modern system education.
Sections and round tables
- Spiritual and moral education in the family and preschool institutions.
- Spiritual and moral education in primary school(grades 1-4).
- Spiritual and moral education in high school(grades 5-11).
- Spiritual and moral education in the regional education system.
- Spiritual, moral and patriotic education of youth in vocational education institutions.
- Moral potential of the Russian language. Language as a means of moral improvement.
- Moral ideal. The importance of hagiographic and patristic literature in the spiritual and moral education of younger generations.
- Libraries in the spiritual and moral education of children and youth.
- Spiritual and moral preparation of a teacher.
Dedicated to the memory of Schema-Archimandrite John (Maslov)
From July 27 to July 29, 2017, the XXVI International Educational Forum “Glin Readings” was held at the Moscow Theological Academy, traditionally dedicated to the day of memory of Schema-Archimandrite John (Maslov), a 20th-century ascetic, an elder of the Glinsk Hermitage. He owns basic research on the history of this famous monastery. The book of Father John “Glinsk Hermitage. History of the monastery and its spiritual and educational activities in the 16th-20th centuries.” on the recommendation of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, it is used as teaching aid. Teachers, clergy, military personnel and representatives of other professions take part in the Glinsky Readings.
This year the forum set its theme as “Spiritual and moral foundations of education and upbringing.”
Over the past two days, on July 27 and 28, plenary sessions were held in the MDA assembly hall. Teachers, lecturers high school, scientists and clergy made reports on the spiritual and moral education of children and youth, domestic traditions of pedagogy and shared their experience of using patristic works in their lessons, including the works of Schema-Archimandrite John (Maslov), recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. 
The reading program included events ranging from prayers and all-night vigils to planning sessions and presentations.
The main meeting of the Glin readings was held by the Chairman of the Commission on Education, Science and Public Morality of the Public Council of the Central Federal District, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Master of Theology Nikolai Vasilyevich Maslov.
It is worth noting that the book “Symphony on the works of St. Tikhon of Zadonsk” by Schema-Archimandrite John (Maslov) served as the basis for Nikolai Maslov’s work “Spiritual and moral education and upbringing.” Speaking about the relevance of the problem of spiritual and moral education, Nikolai Vasilyevich noted that the formation of correct concepts has always been one of the main goals of education. If the concepts are incorrect, a person’s whole life becomes a delusion. The works of the holy fathers help us restore the old - to give man the opportunity for perfection and salvation. According to the teachers present, the works of Schema-Archimandrite John (Maslov) and his spiritual heir Nikolai Maslov are very helpful in teaching and working with young people.
Glinsky Readings" is an educational forum for teachers, which develops approaches for schools, universities, advanced training, spiritual and moral foundations of education, and upbringing.
On the last day of the forum, July 29, a memorial service took place at the grave of Schema-Archimandrite John (Maslov), one of the Glinsk elders.
The organizer of the readings is the Moscow Pedagogical Academy (rector - Elena Olegovna Krylova).
Members of the Association of Orthodox Teachers of the Smolensk Region took part in the Glin readings.
Plan for the XXVI International Spiritual and Educational Forum “Glinsky Readings”
08.30-19.00 Registration and accommodation of participants
14.00 Gathering of participants in front of the MDA assembly hall
14.30-16.30 Summing up the seminar in the assembly hall of the MDA
17.00-20.00 All-night vigil
07.30-09.30 Liturgy on St. book Vladimir
08.30-10.30 Registration of forum participants at the MDA
10.30-14.00 Plenary session in the MDA assembly hall
14.00-15.00 Lunch in the MDA refectory
15.00-16.45 Plenary session in the MDA assembly hall
17.00-19.00 Evening service at the Intercession Church of the MDA
Memorial Day of Schema-Archimandrite John (Maslov)
07.30-11.00 Funeral liturgy and memorial service in the Intercession Church of the MDA
11.00-12.00 Transfer to the Old Cemetery
12.00-13.30 Requiem service and litia at the grave of Schema-Archimandrite John
13.30-14.20 Funeral lunch in the MDA refectory
14.30-16.30 Final plenary meeting (in the MDA assembly hall)
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