Devices for heating water. Solar heating of pool water

screened steam boilers appeared on March 20, 1939 in the NKEP for 2263 Published on November 30, 1940. screens-displays-will take place ko, for example, colfronto. In addition, recently, in the screen collectors, the installation collecting nozzle tubes are connected either to the sampling chamber of the boiler for the purpose of using wires for supplying steam, or to pipelines installed specifically for monitoring the fired steam boilers, which, in addition to the great ease of their kindling, There is also uneven heating of the boiler water in the screens. Thus, the temperatures of the water in the lower inlets of the side screens, the first and rear screens differ from each other. Due to the reduction of the lower valves in which the pipeline water of these pipes is heated, for this purpose the temperature of the boiler water in the upper These areas of the screens are much higher than in the lower ones. Therefore, in practice, in addition to changing the burning places of the fuel oil nozzles, in order to speed up the kindling and achieve uniform heating of the boiler water in all elements of the boiler, they resort to a very uneconomical and ineffective method of draining water into the drainage, regardless of its level in the drum, from the colder lower screen collectors. This leads to heat loss and, in addition, uncontaminated boiler water is lost. In the proposed device for preheating water with steam in shielded steam boilers, in order to be able to achieve minimal costs during kindling and In the drawing, FIG. 1 and 2 depict sample diagrams devices for preheating water steam in shielded steam boilers; fig. 3 - longitudinal section of the lower manifold with nozzle tube; fig. 4 - cross section of it; fig. 5 - top view of the nozzle tube (the clamp has been removed). If you pass steam through the existing wiring for sampling boiler water through the intermediate flanges of the washer), then it is possible to slowly heat the water and initiate circulation in the upper collector during kindling. For the fastest heating of water and initiation of circulation in contour of the screens, in the lower collectors of the screens, collapsible fuel tubes b (Fig. 3 - 5) are installed with holes directed towards the boiling screen pipes, reinforced with clamps 8 on the supports. kah 6, welded in the spaces between the hatches 7 (Fig. 4), The nozzle tubes are connected either to the existing pipelines 3 for sampling boiler water, connected to lines 1, 2, or to special branches 4 with valves 15, 16, carried out by special specialists. cialpo for supplying heating steam from a neighboring boiler. Saturated steam for heating the boiler water of the boiler being heated should be supplied with a gradual increase in its supply, for which the corresponding valves must be opened slowly and carefully. The proposed device, reducing the time of heating boilers and giving big savings fuel oil, for its implementation requires minimal capital costs and is not associated with any alterations of the boiler unit itself, Subject of invention. A device for preheating water steam in screened steam boilers, characterized by the use of nozzle tubes installed in the lower collectors of the screens, connected or to pipelines for sampling boiler water, with the purpose of using these pipelines to supply heating steam, or to pipelines installed specifically for this purpose.

Application

23638, 20.03.1939

Tsopnkov G. M.

IPC / Tags

Link code

Device for safety steam heating of water in shielded steam boilers

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A steam-water heater is used to heat water in heating systems saturated with steam from low-pressure steam lines or steam boilers for heating networks and hot water supply systems. The steam-water heater (SW) is manufactured in accordance with GOST “Steam-water heaters for heating systems” 28679-90.

PP heaters are used mainly in heat supply systems that operate in certain temperature conditions: 95-70, 150-70, 130-70. These heaters are used to heat water in the network with steam, when using heated water in hot water supply and heating systems for buildings for various purposes. The steam-water heater is a horizontal shell-and-tube heat exchanger, most often called a PP heater. Its main components are: a pipe system, a heater housing, front and floating rear water chambers, and a housing cover. The main components of the PP heater are assembled using a flange detachable connection, which allows for preventive inspection and maintenance of the steam-water heater.

The heating steam of the PP heater moves through a special pipe in the upper part of the housing into the interpipe space, heating the water that moves through the heater tubes. In the interpipe space there are partitions that divide it into segments that direct the movement of steam flow. The condensate, which produces heating steam in the PP heater, flows into the lower part of the device body and is discharged outside. Non-condensable gases, i.e. the air that accumulates in the steam-water heater is discharged outside through a special pipe on the body. There are two types of steam-water heaters: PP1 with elliptical bottoms and PP2 with flat bottoms.

Overall and connection dimensions of steam-water heaters

Two-way steam-water heater

dimensions

Connection dimensions

Four-pass steam-water heater

dimensions

Connection dimensions

In local hot water supply systems, water heating units have small overall dimensions and a thermal power of up to 100 MJ/h (25 Mcal/h).

The designs of local installations are very different depending on the fuel used, heating output, installation location, etc.

Rice. 2.22. Local water heating installations

1 – kitchen stove; 2 – combustion chamber; 3 – coil; 4 – water heater body; 5 – circulation pipe; 6 – smoke pipe; 7 – heater; 8 – coil; 9 – fire chamber; 10 – burner; 11 – block tap; 12 – electric heater; 13 – safety solenoid valve; 14 – temperature regulator; 15 – storage tank; 16 – solar collector

Hot water column for baths(Fig. 2.22, a) runs on solid fuel (wood, coal, peat). The water, located in a housing with a capacity of 90 - 100 liters, is heated by flue gases passing through the smoke pipe. To speed up heating, there is a circulation pipe in the smoke pipe.

Cold water enters through a special mixer (see Fig. 2.22, e). The body of the water heater is made of sheet steel and enameled (or galvanized) inside and out. The combustion chamber is cast iron.

Hot water columns are used to supply water to showers, washbasins, sinks and for heating rooms. For a continuous supply of water to consumers, a tank with a float valve is installed.

Water heaters are placed in bathrooms or kitchens. The column is installed at a distance of 0.3 m from a wall made of semi-combustible material, and the wooden wall must be protected near the combustion chamber with asbestos, covered with sheet steel on top.

Small boilers For heating it is used to heat water. For this, a separate tank is installed. To avoid scale in the boiler, the water in the tank is heated by a coil, which is connected to the boiler by pipelines.

Gas instantaneous water heater (Fig. 2.22, b) allows you to quickly get hot water. The heat generated by the combustion of gas in the burner is transferred to water through the walls of the fire chamber, coils and heater. The large heating surface and high heat transfer coefficient provide intense heating of water.

The block valve ensures gas supply to the burner only when water moves through the column. This prevents the fire chamber from burning out. A special device in the block tap prevents unburned gas from leaking into the room.

Gas DHW cylinder(Fig. 2.22, c) is similar in design to a hot water column. Water is heated by hot gases generated when gas burns in a burner. The heater is equipped with a temperature regulator and a safety solenoid valve, which stops the gas supply to the burner if the flame goes out. This prevents gas leakage from the burner into the room. The heater tank is made of 3 mm thick steel with an anti-corrosion coating.

Electric water heater(electric water heater) is the most hygienic and fire-safe device. Capacitive electric heaters (Fig. 2.22, d), which are turned on at night, when the load in the power supply system decreases and electricity tariffs are reduced, have become widespread. Instantaneous electric water heaters require significant power, which leads to overload of electrical networks, so their scope of application is limited only to industrial and public buildings.

Solar water heaters(solar installations) in Lately are increasingly used, especially in the southern regions. In their simplest form, they are made in the form of a flat metal tank, painted black. On a sunny day, the water in the tank is heated to 30 - 40 0 ​​C and is supplied to the shower or for household purposes.

In more advanced installations (Fig. 2.22, e), water is heated in the collector and enters a storage tank covered with thermal insulation. The amount of heat stored during the day is sufficient for the household needs of a family of 3–5 people.

Rice. 2.23. Elements of a centralized (closed) hot water supply system

1 – input; 2 – water measuring unit; 3 – installation for increasing pressure; 4 – water heater; 5 - circulation pumps; 6 – heat accumulator; 7 – district supply network (main); 9 – distribution network; 10 – circulation network; 11 – fittings; 12 – heated towel rail; 13 – coolant network

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In high-speed water heaters the heated water moves at high speed (0.5 - 2.5 m/s) and is heated to a predetermined temperature by the coolant (water, steam). Heat transfer coefficients in water heaters are high (4190 – 11,000 MJ/(m 2 ∙h∙gard)), due to which their dimensions are small and they occupy a small area.

Heated water and coolant in high-speed water heaters can move parallel to each other (Fig. 2.24, a) (parallel circuit) or towards each other (countercurrent circuit) (see Fig. 2.24, b, c). Found a counterflow circuit greatest application, as it provides greater heat transfer intensity.

Rice. 2.24. Water heaters

a – high-speed water heater; b – water heater installation diagram; c – capacitive water heater; 1 – inlet pipe; 2 – tube sheets; 3 – heat exchange tubes; 4 – lens compensator; 5 – body of the water heater section; 6 – heat generator; 7 – heating network (coolant circuit); 8 – water heater (water-water); 9 – safety valve; 10 – thermometer; 11 – pressure gauge; 12 – body; 13 – cover

High-speed water heaters are very sensitive to surface contamination, which reduces heat transfer, so they must be periodically cleaned of sediment and scale formed on the heat transfer surfaces.

High speed water water heater(Fig. 2.24) consists of a housing in which heat exchange tubes are located. The water heater is manufactured in the form of separate sections up to 4 m long and with an outer diameter of 50 – 530 mm. Heat exchange tubes d=14÷16 mm (7–140 pcs.) are located in tube sheets connected by flanges to the housing. To prevent rupture of the water heater due to thermal expansion of its parts, a compensator is mounted in the housing. If the heat exchange tubes in the tube sheet are well flared and the coolant temperature is up to 150 0 C, compensators do not need to be installed. The individual sections of the heater are connected by taps.

Heated water from the water supply through the inlet pipe enters the heat exchange tubes, in which it is heated to a predetermined temperature. The coolant (heating water) moves in the inter-tube space (between the housing and the heat exchange tubes). With this distribution of water, it is easier to clean the heater from precipitation falling from the heated water, and the thermal expansion of the parts is equalized.

Rice. 2.25. Steam water heater

In industrial buildings where there is a steam power plant, or small boiler houses with steam boilers, they use steam-water high-speed water heaters(Fig. 2.25). Steam supplied to housing 2 passes between tubes 3, condenses on their surface and, due to the latent heat of vaporization, heats the water. Heated water enters the front chamber 1 through heat exchange tubes, passes into the rear chamber 4 and leaves the heater. The rear chamber 4 is not fixed to the body 2, which allows the heat exchange tubes to freely extend when heated. Steam passes through the water heater twice, which is why this design is called a two-pass design. Four-pass water heaters are also used.

The pressure of the heated water in the chambers and heat exchange tubes should be kept 0.1–0.2 MPa (1–2 kgf/cm2) above the steam pressure. This prevents steam from breaking into the water supply system. Steam-water heaters are produced in accordance with OST 34-531 – 68 (two-pass) and OST 34-532 – 68 (four-pass). The heating surface can be 6.3 – 22.4 m2, Maximum temperature– up to 300 0 C.

Capacitive water heaters combine the functions of a heat accumulator and a water heater. They have a low heat transfer coefficient due to the low speed of water movement. With the same heating area, their heating capacity is significantly lower and their dimensions are larger than high-speed water heaters. They are made in the form of pressure or non-pressure (open) tanks in which heaters are placed. The outer surfaces of the tanks are covered with a layer of thermal insulation. At least two tanks are installed on the system (50% of the calculated volume each). In the absence of a heater, they turn into heat accumulators.

The latter, just like capacitive heaters, can operate in heat accumulation mode at a constant volume and variable temperature or at a variable volume and constant temperature.

See all

(51) IPC (2006) NATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CENTER WATER PRE-HEATING DEVICE (71) Applicant Government institution of higher education vocational education Belarusian-Russian University (72) Author Shchemelv Anatoly Mefodievich (73) Patentee State institution of higher professional education Belarusian-Russian University (57) A device for preheating water, containing a water supply pipeline, a heat generator and a tank for storing heated water, characterized in that contains a pumping unit installed in a trench made on a road surface with heavy vehicle traffic, and containing at least one hydraulic and one pneumatic cylinder, with one end attached to the inner side of a metal cylindrical segment covering the trench, one end of which is hinged fixed, and the second one is spring-loaded, the piston cavity of at least one hydraulic cylinder is connected by one hydraulic line through a check valve to the water supply pipeline, and by the second hydraulic line, through a check valve, to the pressure line of the hydraulic accumulator block, the piston cavity of at least one pneumatic the cylinder is connected to the atmosphere by one pneumatic line through a check valve, and by a second pneumatic line through a check valve to the pressure line of the hydraulic accumulator block, the output of which is connected through a pressure reducing valve to a two-position distributor with electromagnetic control, the first output of which is hydraulically connected to the heat generator, and the second to the hydraulic motor, shaft which is mechanically connected to an electric generator, and a thermal relay is installed in the tank for storing heated water, electrically connected to the electromagnet of the on-off distributor. 11674 1 2009.02.28 The device relates to water heating systems in residential construction, as well as for industrial enterprises. A known water heating system 1 includes solar panels for heating water for both domestic and industrial needs. A special feature of this design is the use of solar lighting to generate thermal energy. This design works in the presence of bright sunlight. In cloudy times and at night, the system does not work. In addition, the system is quite expensive, which has not led to its widespread use. A known water heating system includes a pump, pipeline and heat generator. A special feature of this design is the presence pumping station, having an electric motor and a pump consuming electrical energy 2. The objective of the invention is to reduce the cost of heating water for domestic and industrial needs. This problem is solved due to the fact that in a device for preheating water, containing a water supply pipeline, a heat generator and a tank for storing heated water, according to the invention, it contains a pumping unit installed in a trench made on the road surface with heavy traffic, and containing at least one hydraulic and one pneumatic cylinder, with one end attached to the inner side of a metal cylindrical segment, covering) a trench, one end of which is hinged and the other is spring-loaded, the piston cavity of at least one hydraulic cylinder of one a hydraulic line through a check valve is connected to the water supply pipeline, and a second hydraulic line through a check valve is connected to the pressure line of the hydraulic accumulator block, the piston cavity of at least one pneumatic cylinder is connected to the atmosphere by one pneumatic line through a check valve, and by a second pneumatic line through a check valve to the pressure line of the hydraulic accumulator block, the output of which is connected through a pressure reducing valve to a two-position distributor with electromagnetic control, the first output of which is hydraulically connected to the heat generator, and the second to a hydraulic motor, the shaft of which is mechanically connected to the electric generator, and a thermal relay is installed in the heated water storage tank, electrically connected to the on/off valve solenoid. Installation of the pumping unit ensures the creation of pressure in the water hydraulic main every time the car wheels hit a metal cylindrical segment. Installing a spring at one end of the segment ensures that the segment returns to its original position when the wheels leave the segment. The installation of a hydraulic cylinder and a pneumatic cylinder ensures that when the segment is pressed on them, liquid and air are pumped into the hydraulic system. The installation of check valves ensures that the hydraulic lines are closed when the fluid moves in one direction and the hydraulic line is opened when the fluid moves in the other direction. The presence of hydraulic accumulators allows fluid to accumulate in them under pressure. The presence of a pressure reducing valve allows the consumer to obtain a uniform flow of liquid on the heat generator or on the hydraulic motor. The presence of a two-position distributor ensures a change in the direction of liquid flow when it reaches a given temperature. Installing a thermal relay ensures that when the set temperature in the hydraulic tank is reached, voltage is supplied to the distributor electromagnet and it is switched to the position of supplying flow to the hydraulic motor. In fig. Figure 1 shows the installation of a swing unit on the road surface following the example of a speed bump. In fig. 2 - hydraulic diagram of the water preheating device. A narrow trench is made on the road surface, into which one or more hydraulic 1 and pneumatic 2 cylinders are installed. The trench is closed by a cylindrical segment 3 with the possibility of rotation (hinged fastening), and the second end 2 11674 1 2009.02.28 of segment 3 to the springs. The piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is connected through a check valve 4 to the pipeline 5 of the water supply system. Pneumatic cylinder 2 is connected to the atmosphere through check valve 6. Through other check valves 7 and 8, the piston cavities of cylinders 1 and 2 are connected to the pressure line of hydraulic accumulators 9. The hydraulic line of hydraulic accumulators 9 is connected through a pressure reducing valve 10 to an on-off distributor 11 with electromagnetic control. One output of the distributor 11 is hydraulically connected by one hydraulic line to the heat generator 12, and the second to the hydraulic motor 13, which is mechanically connected to the electric generator 14. The water preheating device operates as follows. When the car wheels hit segment 3, the weight load of the car wheels is transferred to pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders 1 and 2, the rods of which move and supply fluid to hydraulic accumulators 9. When the load from the car wheels is removed, the spring of segment 3 returns hydraulic cylinders and pneumatic cylinders 1 and 2 to their original position The liquid from the batteries 9 is supplied to the pressure reducing valve 10, which supplies the liquid to the heat generator 12. The presence of air particles in the liquid at the exit from the pipeline nozzle increases the speed of movement of the liquid at the inlet to the heat generator, which increases heat transfer. When the liquid in the container has heated to the required temperature, the temperature relay 15 closes and voltage is applied to the electromagnet of the distributor 11, the spool moves, and the fluid flow is directed to the hydraulic motor 13, mechanically connected to the generator 14. The generator 14 generates electricity sent to the electrical network. In this way, you can obtain heat to heat a building and obtain electricity quite cheaply (only the cost of installation), which saves the cost of gas or other coolant and allows you to obtain heat and electricity without the use of gas, fuel oil, coal, oil and other energy sources. Sources of information 1. Dashkov V.N. Renewable energy sources in resource-saving technologies of the agro-industrial complex, 2003. - P. 57, fig. 3.20. 2. Patent RB 682, IPC 24 3/02,24 3/00. National Center intellectual property. 220034, Minsk, st. Kozlova, 20. 3

Portable device for heating and supplying water refers to electric household heating devices of immersion type and can be used to heat and supply water for domestic needs. The device contains a housing (1), a heating element (2) and a pump (3), an outlet pipe (4) hot water with flexible connection (5). The heating element (2) is equipped with control and regulation devices and may have a sealed ceramic shell. The hot water outlet pipe (4) is connected to the pump outlet (3) and is equipped with a nozzle (6). The technical result consists in creating a portable device for heating and supplying water, which allows expanding the scope of its application and ensuring ease of use. 3 ill.

The utility model relates to immersion-type electric household heating devices and can be used to heat and supply water for domestic needs.

A device for heating liquid is known, including a container with lines for supplying and discharging liquid and heating elements placed in it, a pump for pumping heated liquid built into the line for supplying liquid, and a device for maintaining the temperature of the liquid within specified limits (RF patent No. 28227, IPC 7 F24H 1/10, published 03/10/2003).

Disadvantage of this device is its limited use due to the need to connect the pump to the liquid supply line.

The closest in terms of the totality of essential features to the claimed technical solution is a domestic water heater containing a heat-insulated housing, placed in a decorative housing, with flexible connections and a supply pipe. cold water and a hot water outlet pipe equipped with an automatic air remover installed above it, a heating element located in the lower side part of the thermally insulated housing and equipped with control and regulating devices, an automatic pumping unit (RF patent No. 2156409, MPK 7 F24H 1/20, publ. 20.09. 2000).

The disadvantages of the known technical solution are its limited use due to the need to connect the pump to the liquid supply line, as well as inconvenience in operation due to uneven heating of the water.

The goal was to expand the scope of application and ensure ease of use.

The problem is solved by the fact that in a device for heating and supplying water, containing at least one heating element located in the housing and equipped with control and regulating devices, a hot water outlet pipe with a flexible connection, a pump, the latter is located in the housing together with heating element, and the hot water outlet pipe is equipped with a nozzle, while the heating element and the pump can be located in the housing in series one after another, or the pump can be located above the heating element, in addition, the heating element can have a ceramic sealed shell.

Placing the pump and heating element in one housing allows it to be used as a submersible device without connecting to the liquid supply line, which significantly expands its scope of application.

In addition, the placement of the pump and the heating element in one housing, as well as the presence of a nozzle on the hot water outlet pipe, allows not only to supply liquid, but also to mix it, which promotes uniform heating of the entire volume of liquid and ensures ease of use.

The presence of a ceramic sealed shell on the heating element prevents damage from mechanical influences and allows the device to be operated without grounding.

The analysis of the level of technology, including a search through patent and scientific and technical sources of information, made it possible to establish that an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed technical solution was not found. Based on the above, we can conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the “novelty” criterion.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings:

Fig.1 - portable device for heating and supplying water, general view;

Fig.2 - the same, with the pump placed above the heating element;

Fig.3 - the same, with the body made in the form of a canister.

A portable device for heating and supplying water contains a housing 1, a heating element 2 and a pump 3, located in the housing 1 sequentially one after another, a hot water outlet pipe 4 with a flexible connection 5. The housing 1 is made in the form of a closed box with many holes.

The heating element is equipped with control and regulation devices and may have a sealed ceramic shell.

The hot water outlet pipe 4 is connected to the outlet of the pump 3 and is equipped with a nozzle 6. The free end of the flexible line 5 can be equipped with a tap for shutting off the water, a device for distributing water (shower), as well as devices for fixing on the wall, pipes, taps, etc. .d.

The pump 3 can be located above the heating element 2 (Fig. 2).

The device is placed in any container such as a basin, bucket, pan, or the body itself is designed in such a way that it is a container for water (such as a canister, Fig. 3), in which a pump 3 and a heating element 2 are located.

A portable device for heating and supplying water works as follows.

The device is placed in a container of water and connected to electrical network. In the case when the free end of the flexible line 5 is equipped with a tap 7 to shut off the water, the pump 3 and the heating element 2 are turned on simultaneously. In this case, with the help of the heating element 2, the heating process occurs, and with the help of the pump 3 and the nozzle 6, the liquid is mixed, thereby achieving its uniform heating. IN

If there is no tap to shut off the water, first turn on the heating element 2 and heat the liquid to the desired temperature. Then the pump is turned on and the heated liquid is supplied to the user. Simultaneously with the supply, the heated liquid is mixed.

The presence of control and regulating devices allows you to maintain the temperature of the liquid in a given range and protect the heating element from overheating.

The technical solution made it possible to expand the scope of application and provide ease of use.

The claimed portable device for heating and supplying water meets the requirement for industrial applicability and can be made on a standard technological equipment using modern materials and technologies.

1. A portable device for heating and supplying water, containing at least one heating element placed in a housing and equipped with control and regulating devices, a hot water outlet pipe with a flexible connection, a pump, characterized in that the pump is located in the same housing with heating element, and the hot water outlet pipe is equipped with a nozzle.

2. A portable device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of a box with many holes.

3. A portable device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating element and the pump are located in the housing sequentially one after another.

4. A portable device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pump is located above the heating element.

5. A portable device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating element has a ceramic sealed shell.