BUILDING REGULATIONS
INTERNAL
SANITARY SYSTEMS
SNiP 3.05.01-85
USSR State Committee for Construction Affairs
Moscow 1988
DEVELOPED by the State Design Institute Proektpromventiliya and the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Hydromechanization, Sanitary and Special Construction Works (VNIIGS) of the USSR Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy (Ph.D. P.A. Ovchinnikov- topic leader; E. N. Zaretsky, L.G. Sukhanova, V.S. Nefedova; candidates of technical sciences A.G. Yashkul, G.S. Shkalikov).
INTRODUCED by the USSR Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy.
PREPARED FOR APPROVAL BY Glavtekhnormirovanie Gosstroy USSR ( ON THE. Shishov).
With the entry into force of SNiP 3.05.01-85 “Internal sanitary systems”, SNiP loses its force III -28-75 “Sanitary and technical equipment of buildings and structures.”
When using a regulatory document, you should take into account the approved changes to building codes and state standards published in the journal “Bulletin of Construction Technology”, “Collection of changes to building codes and rules” of the USSR State Construction Committee and the information index “USSR State Standards” of the State Standard.
Real The rules apply to the installation of internal systems of cold and hot water supply, heating, sewerage, drains, ventilation, air conditioning (including pipelines to ventilation units), boiler rooms with steam pressure up to 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm 2) and water temperatures up to 388 K (115 °C) during the construction and reconstruction of enterprises, buildings and structures, as well as for the manufacture of air ducts, assemblies and parts from pipes.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. Installation of internal sanitary systems should be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of these rules, SN 478-80, as well as SNiP 3.01.01-85, SNiP III-4-80, SNiP III-3-81, standards, technical specifications and instructions of equipment manufacturers.
When installing and manufacturing components and parts of heating systems and pipelines to ventilation units (hereinafter referred to as “heat supply”) with water temperatures above 388 K (115 ° C) and steam with a working pressure of more than 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm ) you should also comply with the Rules for the construction and safe operation of steam and hot water pipelines, approved by the USSR State Mining and Technical Supervision.
1.2. Installation of internal sanitary systems and boiler rooms must be carried out using industrial methods from pipeline assemblies, air ducts and equipment supplied complete in large blocks.
When installing coatings for industrial buildings from large blocks, ventilation and other sanitary systems should be installed in the blocks before installing them in the design position.
Installation of sanitary systems should be carried out when the object (occupancy) is ready for construction in the amount of:
for pro m of industrial buildings - the entire building with a volume of up to 5000 m 3 and part of the building with a volume of over 5000 m 3, which, based on location, includes a separate production room, workshop, bay, etc. or a complex of devices (including internal drains, heating point , ventilation system, one or more air conditioners, etc.);
for residential and public buildings up to five floors - a separate building, one or several sections; over five floors - 5 floors of one or more sections.
1.3. Before installation of internal sanitary systems begins, the general contractor must complete the following work:
installation of interfloor ceilings, walls and partitions on which it will be installed sanitary equipment;
construction of foundations or sites for the installation of boilers, water heaters, pumps, fans, air conditioners, smoke exhausters, air heaters and other sanitary equipment;
construction of building structures for ventilation chambers of supply systems;
installation of waterproofing in places where air conditioners, supply ventilation chambers, and wet filters are installed;
construction of trenches for sewerage outlets to the first wells and wells with trays from the building, as well as laying inputs for external communications of sanitary systems into the building;
installation of floors (or appropriate preparation) in places where heating devices are installed on stands and fans installed on spring vibration isolators, as well as “floating” bases for installing ventilation equipment;
arrangement of supports for installing roof fans, exhaust shafts and deflectors on building surfaces, as well as supports for pipelines laid in underground channels and technical undergrounds;
preparation of holes, grooves, niches and nests in foundations, walls, partitions, floors and coatings necessary for laying pipelines and air ducts;
drawing on the internal and external walls of all rooms auxiliary marks equal to the design marks of the finished floor plus 500 mm;
installation of window frames, and in residential and public buildings - window sill boards;
plastering(il and cladding) surfaces of walls and niches in places where sanitary and heating appliances are installed, pipelines and air ducts are laid, as well as plastering the surface of grooves for hidden installation of pipelines in external walls;
preparation of installation openings in walls and ceilings for the supply of large equipment and air ducts;
installation in accordance with the working documentation of embedded parts in building structures for fastening equipment, air ducts and pipelines;
provide ensuring the possibility of turning on power tools, as well as electric welding machines, at a distance of no more than 50 m from one another;
glazing of window openings in external fences, insulation of entrances and openings.
1. 4. General construction, sanitary and other special work should be performed in sanitary facilities in the following order:
preparation for floors, plastering walls and ceilings, installation of beacons for installing ladders;
installation of fastening means, laying of pipelines and carrying out their hydrostatic or pressure testing; waterproofing of floors;
primer walls, installation of clean floors;
installation of bathtubs, brackets for washbasins and mounting parts for flush cisterns;
first painting of walls and ceilings, tiling;
installation of washbasins, toilets and flush cisterns;
second painting of walls and ceilings; installation of water fittings.
Construction, sanitary and other special work in ventilation chambers must be performed in the following order:
preparation for floors, installation of foundations, plastering of walls and ceilings;
arrangement of installation openings, installation of crane beams;
work on the installation of ventilation chambers; waterproofing of floors;
installation of heaters with piping;
installation of ventilation equipment and air ducts and other sanitary and electrical work;
water filling test of the irrigation chamber tray; insulation work (heat and sound insulation);
finishing work (including sealing holes in ceilings, walls and partitions after laying pipelines and air ducts);
at construction of clean floors.
When installing sanitary systems and carrying out related civil works, there should be no damage to previously completed work.
1.5 The dimensions of holes and grooves for laying pipelines in ceilings, walls and partitions of buildings and structures are taken in accordance with the recommended ones, unless other dimensions are provided for by the project.
1. 6. Welding of steel pipes should be done by any method regulated by standards.
Types of welded joints of steel pipelines, shape, design dimensions of the weld must comply with the requirements of GOST 16037-80.
Welding of galvanized steel pipes should be carried out with self-shielding wire grade Sv-15GSTU TsA with Se in accordance with GOST 2246-70 with a diameter of 0.8-1.2 mm or electrodes with a diameter of no more than 3 mm with a rutile or calcium fluoride coating, if the use of other welding materials is not agreed upon in accordance with the established procedure.
The connection of galvanized steel pipes, parts and assemblies by welding during installation and at the procurement plant should be carried out under the condition of ensuring local suction of toxic emissions or cleaning the zinc coating to a length of 20-30 mm from the joined ends of the pipes, followed by coating the outer surface of the weld and the heat-affected zone with paint, containing 94% zinc dust (by weight) and 6% synthetic binders (polysterol, chlorinated rubber, epoxy resin).
When welding steel pipes, parts and assemblies, the requirements of GOST 12.3.003-75 must be met.
The connection of steel pipes (non-galvanized and galvanized), as well as their parts and assemblies with a nominal diameter of up to 25 mm inclusive, at the construction site should be done by lap welding (with one end of the pipe spreading out or a threadless coupling). Butt joints of pipes with a nominal diameter of up to 25 mm inclusive can be performed at procurement plants.
When welding, threaded surfaces and flange surfaces must be protected from splashes and drops of molten metal.
IN The weld should be free of cracks, cavities, pores, undercuts, unwelded craters, as well as burns and smudges of the deposited metal.
Holes in pipes with a diameter of up to 40 mm for welding pipes must be made, as a rule, by drilling, milling or cutting out on a press.
The diameter of the hole must be equal to the internal diameter of the pipe with permissible deviations + 1 mm.
1.7. Installation of sanitary systems in complex, unique and experimental buildings should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of these rules and special instructions in the working documentation.
2. PREPARATION WORK
MANUFACTURE OF UNITS AND PARTS OF PIPELINES FROM STEEL PIPES
2.1. The manufacture of pipeline components and parts from steel pipes should be carried out in accordance with technical specifications and standards. Manufacturing tolerances must not exceed the values specified in.
Table 1
|
Tolerance value |
|
|
Deviation: |
|
|
from the perpendicularity of the ends of the cut pipes |
No more than 2 ° |
|
workpiece length |
± 2 mm for lengths up to 1 m and ± 1 mm for each subsequent meter |
|
Dimensions of burrs in holes and at the ends of cut pipes |
No more than 0.5 mm |
|
Ovality of pipes in the bending zone |
No more than 10% |
|
Number of threads with incomplete or broken threads |
|
|
Thread length deviation: |
|
|
short |
|
2.2. The connection of steel pipes, as well as parts and assemblies made from them, should be performed by welding, threads, union nuts and flanges (to fittings and equipment).
Galvanized pipes, assemblies and parts must be connected, as a rule, by threads using galvanized steel connecting parts or non-galvanized ductile iron, on union nuts and flanges (to fittings and equipment).
For threaded connections of steel pipes, cylindrical pipe threads should be used, made in accordance with GOST 6357-81 (accuracy class B) by rolling on light pipes and cutting on ordinary and reinforced pipes.
When making threads using the rolling method on a pipe, it is allowed to reduce its internal diameter by up to 10% along the entire length of the thread.
2.3. Turns of pipelines in heating and heat supply systems should be performed by bending pipes or using seamless welded bends made of carbon steel in accordance with GOST 17375-83.
Radius bending of pipes with a nominal bore up to 40 mm inclusive must be at least 2.5D n ar, a with a nominal bore of 50 mm or more - at least 3.5D n ar pipes.
2.4. In cold and hot water supply systems, turns of pipelines should be made by installing elbows in accordance with GOST 8946-75, bends or bending pipes. Galvanized pipes should only be bent when cold.
For pipes with a diameter of 100 mm or more, the use of bent and welded bends is allowed. The minimum radius of these bends must be no less than one and a half nominal diameter of the pipe.
At When bending welded pipes, the weld should be located on the outside of the pipe blank and at an angle of at least 45 ° to the bending plane.
2.5. Weld welding on curved sections of pipes in heating elements of heating panels is not allowed.
2.6. When assembling units, threaded connections must be sealed. As a sealant for threaded connections at temperatures of the moving medium up to 378 K (105 ° C), inclusive, tape made of fluoroplastic sealing material (FUM) or linen strands impregnated with red lead or white mixed with drying oil.
As a sealant for threaded connections at fluid temperatures above 378 K (105 ° C) and for condensation lines, FUM tape or asbestos strand together with flax strands, impregnated with graphite mixed with linseed oil, should be used.
Ribbon FUM and flax strands should be applied in an even layer along the thread and not protrude in or out of the pipe.
As a sealant for flange connections at a temperature of the transported medium not exceeding 423 K (150 ° C) paronite with a thickness of 2-3 mm or fluoroplastic-4 should be used, and at temperatures not exceeding 403 K (130 ° C) - gaskets made of heat-resistant rubber.
For threaded and flanged connections, other sealing materials are also allowed, ensuring the tightness of the connections at the design temperature of the coolant and approved in the prescribed manner.
2.7. The flanges are connected to the pipe by welding.
Deviation from the perpendicularity of the flange welded to the pipe in relation to the pipe axis is allowed up to 1% of the outer diameter of the flange, but not more than 2 mm.
The surface of the flanges must be smooth and free of burrs. The bolt heads should be located on one side of the connection.
N In vertical sections of pipelines, the nuts must be placed at the bottom.
The ends of the bolts, as a rule, should not protrude from the nuts by more than 0.5 bolt diameters or 3 thread pitches.
The end of the pipe, including the flange-to-pipe welding seam, must not protrude beyond the flange surface.
P Spacers in flange connections should not overlap the bolt holes.
U Installation of several or angled gaskets between flanges is not permitted.
2.8. Deviations in the linear dimensions of assembled units should not exceed ±3 mm for a length of up to 1 m and ±1 mm for each subsequent meter.
MANUFACTURING METAL AIR DUCTS
2.1 8. Air ducts and parts of ventilation systems must be manufactured in accordance with the working documentation and duly approved technical specifications.
2.19. Air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing steel with a diameter and a larger side size of up to 2000 mm should be made of spiral-locking or straight-seam on seams, spiral-welded or straight-seam on welding, and air ducts with a side size of more than 2000 mm should be made in panels (welded, glue-welded).
Air ducts made of metal plastic should be made on seams, and from stainless steel, titanium, as well as sheet aluminum and its alloys - on seams or welding.
2.20. Steel sheets less than 1.5 mm thick should be overlap welded, and 1.5-2 mm thick should be overlapped or butt welded. Sheets thicker than 2 mm must be butt welded.
2.21. For welded joints of straight sections and shaped parts of air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing and stainless steel, the following welding methods should be used: plasma, automatic and semi-automatic arc submerged or in a carbon dioxide environment, contact, roller and manual arc.
For welding air ducts made of sheet aluminum and its alloys, the following welding methods should be used:
argon-arc automatic - with a consumable electrode;
argon-arc manual - non-consumable electrode with filler wire;
gas
To weld titanium air ducts, argon arc welding with a consumable electrode should be used.
2.22. Air ducts made of sheet aluminum and its alloys with a thickness of up to 1.5 mm should be made on seams, with a thickness from 1.5 to 2 mm - on seams or welding, and with a sheet thickness of more than 2 mm - on welding.
Longitudinal seams on air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing and stainless steel and sheet aluminum with a diameter or larger side size of 500 mm or more must be secured at the beginning and end of the air duct section by spot welding, electric rivets, rivets or clamps.
Seams on air ducts, regardless of metal thickness and manufacturing method, must be made with a cutoff.
2.23. The end sections of seam seams at the ends of air ducts and in the air distribution openings of plastic air ducts must be secured with aluminum or steel rivets with an oxide coating, ensuring operation in aggressive environments specified in the working documentation.
Folded The seams should have the same width along the entire length and be uniformly tightly seated.
2.24. There should be no cross-shaped seam connections in seam ducts, as well as in cutting charts.
2.25. On straight sections of rectangular air ducts with a side cross-section of more than 400 mm, stiffeners should be made in the form of ridges with a pitch of 200-300 mm along the perimeter of the duct or diagonal bends (ridges). If the side is more than 1000 mm, in addition, it is necessary to install external or internal rigidity frames, which should not protrude into the air duct by more than 10 mm. The stiffening frames must be securely fastened by spot welding, electric rivets or rivets.
On metal-plastic air ducts, the stiffening frames must be installed using aluminum or steel rivets with an oxide coating, ensuring operation in aggressive environments specified in the working documentation.
2.26. Elements of shaped parts should be connected to each other using ridges, folds, welding, and rivets.
Elements of shaped parts made of metal-plastic should be connected to each other using folds.
Zigovye connections for systems transporting air with high humidity or mixed with explosive dust are not allowed.
2.27. The connection of air duct sections should be made using a wafer-type method or using flanges. Connections must be strong and tight.
2.28. The flanges on the air ducts should be secured by flanging with a persistent zig, by welding, by spot welding or by rivets with a diameter of 4-5 mm, placed every 200-250 mm, but with no less than four rivets.
Flanges on metal-plastic air ducts should be secured by flanging with an abutment zig.
In air ducts transporting aggressive media, securing flanges using zigs is not allowed.
If the wall thickness of the air duct is more than 1 mm, the flanges can be mounted on the air duct without flanging by tack welding and subsequent sealing of the gap between the flange and the air duct.
2.29. The flanging of air ducts in places where flanges are installed should be carried out in such a way that the bent flange does not cover the holes for bolts in the flanges.
The flanges are installed perpendicular to the axis of the air duct.
2.30. Regulating devices (gates, throttle valves, dampers, air distributor control elements, etc.) must be easy to close and open, and also be fixed in a given position.
The damper engines must fit snugly against the guides and move freely in them.
The throttle valve control handle must be installed parallel to its blade.
2.31. Air ducts made of non-galvanized steel, their connecting fasteners (including the internal surfaces of the flanges) must be primed (painted) to procurement enterprise in accordance with the project (working draft).
The final painting of the outer surface of the air ducts is carried out by specialized construction organizations after their installation.
Ventilation blanks must be equipped with parts for connecting them and means of fastening.
EQUIPMENT AND PREPARATION FOR INSTALLATION SANITARY AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, HEATING EQUIPMENT, UNITS AND PARTS OF PIPELINES
2.32. The procedure for the transfer of equipment, products and materials is established by the Rules on capital construction contracts, approved by the Council of Ministers of the USSR, and the Regulations on the relationship of organizations - general contractors with subcontractors, approved by a resolution of the USSR State Construction Committee and the USSR State Planning Committee.
2.33. Assemblies and parts made from pipes for sanitary systems must be transported on objects in containers or bags and have accompanying documentation.
A plate must be attached to each container and package with the marking of the packaged units in accordance with the current standards and technical specifications for the manufacture of products.
2.34. Fittings, automation devices, instrumentation, connecting parts, fastening devices, gaskets, bolts, nuts, washers, etc. that are not installed on parts and assemblies must be packaged separately, and the markings of the container must indicate the designations or names of these products.
2.35. Cast iron sectional boilers should be delivered to construction sites in blocks or packages, pre-assembled and tested at manufacturing plants or at procurement enterprises of installation organizations.
Water heaters,heaters, pumps, central and individual heating units, water metering units should be delivered to facilities under construction in a transportable manner installation-complete blocks with fastening means, piping, shut-off valves, gaskets, bolts, nuts and washers.
2. 36. Sections of cast iron radiators should be assembled into devices on nipples using sealing gaskets:
And with heat-resistant rubber 1.5 mm thick at a coolant temperature of up to 403 K (1 30 ° C);
from paronite with a thickness of 1 to 2 mm at a coolant temperature of up to 423 K (150 ° C).
2.37. Rearranged cast iron radiators or blocks of cast iron radiators and finned pipes must be tested using the hydrostatic method at a pressure of 0.9 MPa (9 kgf/cm2) or the bubble method at a pressure of 0.1 MPa (1 kgf/cm2). The results of bubble tests are the basis for making quality complaints to manufacturers of cast iron heating devices.
Steel radiator blocks must be tested using the bubble method at a pressure of 0.1 MPa (1 kgf/cm2).
Convector blocks must be tested by the hydrostatic method with a pressure of 1.5 MPa (15 kgf/cm2) or the bubble method with a pressure of 0.15 MPa (1.5 kgf/cm2).
The test procedure must comply with the requirements -.
After the test, water must be removed from the heating units.
Heating panels after hydrostatic testing must be purged with air, and their connecting pipes must be closed with inventory plugs.
3. INSTALLATION AND ASSEMBLY WORKS
GENERAL PROVISIONS
3.1. The connection of galvanized and non-galvanized steel pipes during installation should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of these rules.
Detachable connections on pipelines should be made at the fittings and where necessary according to the conditions of pipeline assembly.
Detachable connections of pipelines, as well as fittings, inspections and cleaning must be located in places accessible for maintenance.
3.2. Vertical pipelines should not deviate from the vertical by more than 2 mm per 1 m of length.
3.3. Uninsulated pipelines of heating systems, heat supply, internal cold and hot water supply should not be adjacent to the surface of building structures.
The distance from the surface of the plaster or cladding to the axis of uninsulated pipelines with a nominal diameter of up to 32 mm inclusive with open installation should be from 35 to 55 mm, for diameters of 40-50 mm - from 50 to 60 mm, and for diameters more than 50 mm - accepted according to working documentation.
The distance from pipelines, heating devices and air heaters with a coolant temperature above 378 K (105 ° C) to structures of buildings and structures made of combustible (combustible) materials, determined by the project (detailed design) according to GOST 12.1.044-84, must be at least 100 mm.
3.4. Fastening means should not be located at pipeline junctions.
Sealing of fastenings using wooden plugs, as well as welding of pipelines to fastening means are not allowed.
The distance between the means of fastening steel pipelines in horizontal sections must be taken in accordance with the dimensions specified in, unless there are other instructions in the working documentation.
Table 2
|
Maximum distance, m, between pipeline fastening means |
||
|
non-insulated |
isolated |
|
3.5. Means for fastening risers made of steel pipes in residential and public buildings with a floor height of up to 3 m are not installed, and for a floor height of more than 3 m, fastening means are installed at half the height of the floor.
Means for fastening risers in industrial buildings should be installed every 3 m.
3.6. The distances between the means of fastening cast-iron sewer pipes when laying them horizontally should be no more than 2 m, and for risers - one fastening per floor, but not more than 3 m between the fastening means. Fastening means should be located under the sockets.
3.7. Connections to heating devices with a length of more than 1500 mm must have fastenings.
3. 8. Sanitary and heating fixtures must be installed plumb and level.
SanitaryCabins must be installed on a level base.
Before installing sanitary cabins, it is necessary to check that the level of the top of the sewer stack of the underlying cabin and the level of the preparatory base are parallel.
Installation sanitary cabins should be constructed so that the axes of the sewer risers of adjacent floors coincide.
Accession sanitary installation of cabins to ventilation ducts must be carried out before laying the floor slabs of a given floor.
3.9. Hydrostatic (hydraulic) or manometric (pneumatic) testing of pipelines for hidden installation of pipelines must be carried out before they are closed with the drawing up of an inspection report for hidden work in the form of mandatory Appendix 6 SNiP 3.01.01-85.
Testing of insulated pipelines should be carried out before applying insulation.
Flushing of domestic and drinking water supply systems is considered complete after the release of water that meets the requirements of GOST 2874-82 “Drinking water”.
INTERNAL COLD AND HOT WATER SUPPLY
3.11. The installation height of water fittings (distance from the horizontal axis of the fittings to sanitary fixtures, mm) should be taken as follows:
water taps and mixers from the sides of sinks - by 250, and from the sides of sinks - by 200;
toilet taps and mixers from the sides of washbasins - by 200.
Installation height of taps from the finished floor level, mm:
water taps in bathhouses, toilet flush taps, inventory sink faucets in public and medical institutions, bath faucets - 800;
faucets for viduars with oblique outlet - 800, with direct outlet - 1000;
mixers and sinks for oilcloth in medical institutions, general mixers for bathtubs and washbasins, elbow mixers for surgical washbasins - 1100;
taps for washing floors in toilets of public buildings - 600;
shower mixers - 1200.
Shower nets should be installed at a height of 2100-2250 mm from the bottom of the net to the level of the finished floor, in cabins for the disabled - at a height of 1700 - 1850 mm, in preschool institutions - at a height of 1500 mm from the bottom of the tray. Deviations from the dimensions specified in this paragraph should not exceed 20 mm.
Note: For sinks with backs that have openings for taps, as well as for sinks and washbasins with table-top fittings, the height of the installations and taps is determined by the design of the appliance.
3.11a. In showers for people with disabilities and in preschool institutions, shower nets with a flexible hose should be used.
In rooms for the disabled, cold and hot water taps, as well as mixers, must be lever or push-action.
Mixers for washbasins, sinks, as well as taps for flush tanks installed in rooms intended for disabled people with upper limb defects must have foot or elbow control.
(Changed edition. Amendment No. 1).
3.12. The sockets of pipes and fittings (except for double-socket couplings) must be directed against the movement of water.
During installation, the joints of cast iron sewer pipes must be sealed with tarred hemp rope or impregnated tape tow, followed by caulking with cement mortar of a grade of at least 1 00 or pouring the mortar gypsum-alumina expanding cement or molten and heated to a temperature of 403-408 K (130-135 ° With sulfur with the addition of 10% enriched kaolin according to GOST 19608-84 or GOST 19607-74.
It is allowed to use other sealing and joint-filling materials, approved in accordance with the established procedure.
During the installation period, the open ends of pipelines and drainage funnels must be temporarily closed with inventory plugs.
3.13. Sanitary fixtures should be attached to wooden structures with screws.
The toilet outlet should be connected directly to the socket of the outlet pipe or to the outlet pipe using a cast iron, polyethylene pipe or rubber coupling.
The outlet pipe socket for a direct outlet toilet must be installed flush with the floor.
3.14. Toilet bowls should be secured to the floor with screws or glued with glue. When fastening with screws, a rubber gasket should be installed under the base of the toilet.
Gluing must be carried out at a room temperature of at least 278 K (5 ° C).
To achieve the required strength, glued toilet bowls must be kept without load in a stationary position until the adhesive joint becomes strong for at least 12 hours.
3.15. The installation height of sanitary fixtures from the finished floor level must correspond to the dimensions specified in.
Table 3
|
Installation height from the finished floor level, mm |
|||
|
In residential, public and industrial buildings |
In schools and children's hospitals |
In preschool institutions and in premises for people with disabilities who move with the help of various devices |
|
|
Washbasins (up to the top of the side) |
|||
|
Sinks and sinks (up to the top of the side) |
|||
|
Baths (up to the top of the side) |
|||
|
Wall and tray urinals (up to the top of the side) |
|||
|
Shower trays (up to the top of the side) |
|||
|
Hanging drinking fountains (up to the top of the side) |
|||
Notes: 1. Permissible deviations the height of the installation of sanitary fixtures for free-standing fixtures should not exceed ±20 mm, and for group installation of similar fixtures - 45 mm.
2. The flush pipe for washing the urinal tray should be directed with holes towards the wall at an angle of 45° downwards.
3. When installing a common mixer for a washbasin and a bath, the installation height of the washbasin is 850 mm to the top of the side.
4. The installation height of sanitary fixtures in medical institutions should be taken as follows, mm:
cast iron inventory sink (up to the top of the sides) - 650;
washing for oilcloths - 700;
viduar (to the top) - 400;
tank for disinfectant solution (to the bottom of the tank) - 1230.
5. The distance between the axes of washbasins should be at least 650 mm, hand and foot baths, urinals - at least 700 mm.
6. In rooms for disabled people, washbasins, sinks and sinks should be installed at a distance of at least 200 mm from the side wall of the room.
(Changed edition. Amendment No. 1).
3.16. In domestic premises of public and industrial buildings, the installation of a group of washbasins should be provided on a common stand.
3.17. Before testing sewerage systems, in order to protect them from contamination, the bottom plugs in siphons must be removed, and the cups in bottle siphons must be removed.
HEATING, HEAT SUPPLY AND BOILER ROOMS
3.18. The slopes of the lines to the heating devices should be made from 5 to 10 mm per length of the line in the direction of movement of the coolant. For line lengths up to 500 mm, the pipes should not be sloped.
3.19. Connections to smooth steel, cast iron and bimetallic finned pipes should be made using flanges (plugs) with eccentrically located holes to ensure free removal of air and drainage of water or condensate from the pipes. For steam connections, concentric connection is allowed.
3.20. Radiators of all types should be installed at distances, mm, not less than: 60 - from the floor, 50 - from the bottom surface of the window sill boards and 25 - from the surface of the plaster walls.
In the premises of medical and preventive institutions and children's institutions, radiators should be installed at a distance of at least 100 mm from the floor and 60 mm from the wall surface.
If there is no window sill board, a distance of 50 mm should be taken from the top of the device to the bottom of the window opening.
When laying pipelines openly, the distance from the surface of the niche to the heating devices should ensure the possibility of laying connections to the heating devices in a straight line.
3.21. Convectors must be installed at a distance:
at least 20 mm from the surface of the walls to the fins of the convector without casing;
close or with a gap of no more than 3 mm from the wall surface to the fins of the heating element of a wall-mounted convector with a casing;
at least 20 mm from the wall surface to the casing of the floor convector.
The distance from the top of the convector to the bottom of the window sill must be at least 70% of the depth of the convector.
The distance from the floor to the bottom of a wall-mounted convector with or without a casing must be at least 70% and no more than 150% of the depth of the installed heating device.
If the width of the protruding part of the window sill from the wall is more than 150 mm, the distance from its bottom to the top of convectors with a casing must be no less than the lifting height of the casing necessary to remove it.
Connecting convectors to heating pipelines should be done by threading or welding.
3.22. Smooth and ribbed pipes should be installed at a distance of at least 200 mm from the floor and window sill board to the axis of the nearest pipe and 25 mm from the plaster surface of the walls. The distance between the axes of adjacent pipes must be at least 200 mm.
3.23. When installing a heating device under a window, its edge on the riser side, as a rule, should not extend beyond the window opening. In this case, the combination of the vertical axes of symmetry of heating devices and window openings is not necessary.
3.24. In a one-pipe heating system with one-sided connection of heating devices openly, the riser to be laid should be located at a distance of 150 ± 50 mm from the edge of the window opening, and the length of the connections to the heating devices should be no more than 400 mm.
3.25. Heating appliances should be installed on brackets or on stands manufactured in accordance with standards, technical specifications or working documentation.
The number of brackets should be installed at the rate of one per 1 m2 of heating surface of a cast iron radiator, but not less than three per radiator (except for radiators in two sections), and for finned pipes - two per pipe. Instead of upper brackets, it is allowed to install radiator strips, which should be located at 2/3 of the height of the radiator.
The brackets should be installed under the radiator necks, and under the finned pipes - at the flanges.
When installing radiators on stands, the number of the latter should be 2 - for the number of sections up to 10 and 3 - for the number of sections more than 10. In this case, the top of the radiator must be secured.
3.26. The number of fasteners per convector block without casing should be:
for single-row and double-row installation - 2 fastenings to the wall or floor;
for three-row and four-row installations - 3 fastenings to the wall or 2 fastenings to the floor.
For convectors supplied complete with mounting means, the number of fastenings is determined by the manufacturer in accordance with the standards for convectors.
3.27. Brackets for heating devices should be fastened to concrete walls with dowels, and to brick walls - with dowels or by sealing the brackets with cement mortar of a grade of at least 100 to a depth of at least 100 mm (without taking into account the thickness of the plaster layer).
The use of wooden plugs for embedding brackets is not allowed.
3.28. The axes of the connected risers of wall panels with built-in heating elements must coincide during installation.
The connection of risers should be carried out using lap welding (with one end of the pipe spreading out or connecting with a threadless coupling).
The connection of pipelines to air heaters (heaters, heating units) must be made using flanges, threads or welding.
The suction and exhaust openings of heating units must be closed before they are put into operation.
3.29. Valves and check valves must be installed in such a way that the medium flows under the valve.
Check valves must be installed horizontally or strictly vertically, depending on their design.
The direction of the arrow on the body must coincide with the direction of movement of the medium.
3.30. The spindles of double-adjustment valves and regulating walk-through valves should be installed vertically when heating devices are located without niches, and when installed in niches - at an angle of 45° upwards.
The spindles of three-way valves must be positioned horizontally.
3.31. Pressure gauges installed on pipelines with coolant temperatures up to 378 K (105 ° C), must be connected through a three-way valve.
Pressure gauges installed on pipelines with a coolant temperature above 378 K (105 ° C), must be connected through a siphon tube and a three-way valve.
3.32. Thermometers on pipelines must be installed in sleeves, and the protruding part of the thermometer must be protected by a frame.
On pipelines with a nominal bore up to 57 mm inclusive, an expander should be provided at the location where thermometers are installed.
3.33. For flange connections of fuel oil pipelines, gaskets made of paronite soaked in hot water and rubbed with graphite should be used.
3.34. Air ducts must be installed regardless of the availability of technological equipment in accordance with design references and marks. The connection of air ducts to process equipment must be made after its installation.
3.35. Air ducts intended for transporting humidified air should be installed so that there are no longitudinal seams in the lower part of the air ducts.
Plots in Ducts in which dew may fall out from the transported moist air should be laid with a slope of 0.01-0.015 towards the drainage devices.
3.36. Gaskets between the flanges of the air ducts should not protrude into the air ducts.
Gaskets must be made of the following materials:
foam rubber, tape porous or monolithic rubber 4-5 mm thick or polymer mastic rope (PMZ) - for air ducts through which air, dust or waste materials with temperatures up to 343 K (70 ° C) move;
asbestos cord or asbestos cardboard - with a temperature above 343 K (70 °C);
acid-resistant rubber or acid-resistant cushioning plastic - for air ducts through which air with acid vapors moves.
Dl For sealing wafer joints of air ducts, the following should be used:
G e sealing tape “Gerlen” - for air ducts through which air moves at temperatures up to 313 K (40 ° C);
Buteprol mastic - for round air ducts with temperatures up to 343 K (70 °C);
heat-shrinkablecuffs or tapes - for round air ducts with temperatures up to 333 K (60 °C) and other sealing materials approved in accordance with the established procedure.
3.37. Bolts in flange connections must be tightened, and all bolt nuts must be located on one side of the flange. When installing bolts vertically, the nuts should generally be positioned on the underside of the joint.
3.38. Fastening of air ducts should be carried out in accordance with the working documentation.
Fastenings of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) on a wafer connection should be installed at a distance of no more than 4 m from one another when the diameter of a round duct or the size of the larger side of a rectangular duct is less than 400 mm and at a distance of no more than 3 m from one another - with diameters of a circular duct or dimensions of the larger side of a rectangular duct of 400 mm or more.
Fastenings of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts on a flange connection with a circular cross-section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or a rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive should be installed at a distance of no more than 6 m from one another. The distances between the fastenings of insulated metal air ducts of any cross-sectional sizes, as well as non-insulated air ducts of a round cross-section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or a rectangular cross-section with a larger side of more than 2,000 mm, must be specified in the working documentation.
The clamps must fit tightly around the metal air ducts.
The fastenings of vertical metal air ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4 m from one another.
Drawings of non-standard fastenings must be included in the set of working documentation.
Fastening of vertical metal air ducts inside the premises of multi-storey buildings with a floor height of up to 4 m should be carried out in the interfloor ceilings.
The fastening of vertical metal air ducts indoors with a floor height of more than 4 mm on the roof of a building should be specified in the design (detailed design).
Attaching guy wires and hangers directly to the air duct flanges is not allowed. The tension of adjustable suspensions must be uniform.
The deviation of air ducts from the vertical should not exceed 2 mm per 1 m of air duct length.
3.39. Freely suspended air ducts must be braced by installing double hangers every two single hangers with a hanger length of 0.5 to 1.5 m.
For hangers longer than 1.5 m, double hangers should be installed through each single hanger.
3.40. Air ducts must be reinforced so that their weight is not transferred to the ventilation equipment.
Air ducts, as a rule, should be connected to fans through vibration isolating flexible inserts made of fiberglass or other material that provides flexibility, density and durability.
Vibration-isolating flexible inserts should be installed immediately before individual testing.
3.41. When installing vertical air ducts from asbestos-cement fastening boxes should be installed every 3-4 m. When installing horizontal air ducts, two fastenings should be installed for each section for coupling connections x and one fastening for socket connections. Fastening should be done at the socket.
3.42. In vertical air ducts made from socket ducts, the upper duct must be inserted into the socket of the lower one.
3.43. In accordance with standard flow charts, socket and coupling connections should be sealed with hemp strands soaked in asbestos-cement solution with the addition of casein glue.
The free space of the socket or coupling must be filled asbestos-cement mastic.
After the mastic has hardened, the joints must be covered with fabric. The fabric should fit tightly to the box around the entire perimeter and should be painted with oil paint.
3.44. Transportation and storage in the installation area of asbestos-cement boxes connected with couplings should be carried out in a horizontal position, and socket boxes - in a vertical position.
The fittings should not move freely during transportation, for which purpose they should be secured with spacers.
When carrying, stacking, loading and unloading boxes and fittings, do not throw them or subject them to shock.
3.45. When making straight sections of air ducts from polymer film, bends of the air ducts are allowed no more than 15°.
3.46. To pass through enclosing structures, the air duct made of polymer film must have metal inserts.
3.47. Air ducts made of polymer film should be suspended on steel rings made of wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm, located at a distance of no more than 2 m from one another.
The diameter of the rings should be 10% larger than the diameter of the air duct. Steel rings should be secured using wire or a plate with a cutout to a supporting cable (wire) with a diameter of 4-5 mm, stretched along the axis of the air duct and secured to the building structures every 20-30 m.
To prevent longitudinal movements of the air duct when it is filled with air, the polymer film should be stretched until the slack between the rings disappears.
3.48. Radial fans on vibration bases and on a rigid base installed on foundations must be secured with anchor bolts.
When installing fans on spring vibration isolators, the latter must have a uniform settlement. Vibration isolators do not need to be attached to the floor.
3.49. When installing fans on metal structures, vibration isolators should be attached to them. The elements of metal structures to which vibration isolators are attached must coincide in plan with the corresponding elements of the fan unit frame.
When installed on a rigid base, the fan frame must fit tightly against the soundproofing gaskets.
3.50. The gaps between the edge of the front disk of the impeller and the edge of the inlet pipe of the radial fan, both in the axial and radial directions, should not exceed 1% of the diameter of the impeller.
The shafts of radial fans must be installed horizontally (the shafts of roof fans must be installed vertically), and the vertical walls of the casings of centrifugal fans must not have any distortions or inclinations.
Gaskets for multiple fan shrouds should be made of the same material as the duct gaskets for that system.
3.5 1. Electric motors must be accurately aligned with the installed fans and secured. The axes of the pulleys of electric motors and fans when driven by a belt must be parallel, and the center lines of the pulleys must coincide.
The electric motor slides must be mutually parallel and level. The supporting surface of the slide must be in contact along the entire plane with the foundation.
Couplings and belt drives should be protected.
3.52. The fan suction opening, not connected to the air duct, must be protected with a metal mesh with a mesh size of no more than 70´ 70 mm.
3.53. The filter material of fabric filters must be tensioned without sagging or wrinkles, and also fit snugly against the side walls. If there is a fleece on the filter material, the latter should be located on the air intake side.
3.54. Air conditioner heaters should be assembled on gaskets made of sheet and cord asbestos. The remaining blocks, chambers and units of air conditioners must be assembled on gaskets made of rubber strips 3-4 mm thick, supplied complete with the equipment.
3.55. Air conditioners must be installed horizontally. The walls of chambers and blocks should not have dents, distortions or slopes.
The valve blades must turn freely (by hand). In the “Closed” position, tight fit of the blades to the stops and to each other must be ensured.
The supports of chamber units and air conditioner units must be installed vertically.
3.56. Flexible air ducts should be used in accordance with the project (detailed design) as fittings of complex geometric shapes, as well as for connection to ventilation equipment, air distributors, noise suppressors and others for buildings located in false ceilings and chambers.
4. TESTING OF INTERNAL SANITARY SYSTEMS
GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR TESTING SYSTEMS OF COLD AND HOT WATER SUPPLY, HEATING, HEAT SUPPLY, SEWERAGE, DRAINAGE AND BOILER PLANTS
4.1. Upon completion of installation work, installation organizations must carry out:
testing heating systems, heat supply, internal cold and hot water supply and boiler rooms using the hydrostatic or manometric method with drawing up a report in accordance with the mandatory one, as well as flushing systems in accordance with the requirements of these rules;
testing of internal sewerage and drainage systems with drawing up a report in accordance with the mandatory;
individual tests of installed equipment with drawing up a report in accordance with the mandatory;
thermal testing of heating systems for uniform heating of heating devices.
Testing of systems using plastic pipelines should be carried out in compliance with the requirements of CH 478-80.
Tests must be carried out before finishing work begins.
Pressure gauges used for testing must be calibrated in accordance with GOST 8.002-71.
4.2. During individual testing of equipment, the following work must be performed:
checking the compliance of the installed equipment and the work performed with the working documentation and the requirements of these rules;
testing equipment at idle and under load for 4 hours of continuous operation. At the same time, the balancing of wheels and rotors in pump and smoke exhauster assemblies, the quality of the stuffing box packing, the serviceability of starting devices, the degree of heating of the electric motor, and compliance with the requirements for assembly and installation of equipment specified in the technical documentation of the manufacturers are checked.
4.3. Hydrostatic testing of heating systems, heat supply systems, boilers and water heaters should be carried out at a positive temperature in the premises of the building, and for cold and hot water supply systems, sewerage and drains - at a temperature not lower than 278 K (5 ° C). The water temperature should also not be lower than 278 K (5 °C).
INTERNAL COLD AND HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
4.4. Internal cold and hot water supply systems must be tested by hydrostatic or manometric method in compliance with the requirements of GOST 24054-80, GOST 25136-82 and these rules.
The test pressure value for the hydrostatic test method should be taken equal to 1.5 excess operating pressure.
Hydrostatic and pressure testing of cold and hot water supply systems must be carried out before installing water taps.
Systems are considered to have passed the tests if, within 10 minutes of being under test pressure using the hydrostatic test method, no pressure drop of more than 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf/cm 2) and drops in welds, pipes, threaded connections, fittings and leaks are detected water through flush devices.
At the end of the hydrostatic test, it is necessary to release water from the internal cold and hot water supply systems.
The system is considered to have passed the test if, when it is under test pressure, the pressure drop does not exceed 0.01 MPa (0.1 kgf/cm2).
HEATING AND HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS
4.6. Testing of water heating and heat supply systems must be carried out with the boilers and expansion vessels turned off using the hydrostatic method with a pressure equal to 1.5 operating pressure, but not less than 0.2 MPa (2 kgf/cm2) at the lowest point of the system.
The system is considered to have passed the test if, within 5 minutes of being under test pressure, the pressure drop does not exceed 0.02 MPa (0.2 kgf/cm) and there are no leaks in welds, pipes, threaded connections, fittings, heating devices and equipment.
The test pressure value using the hydrostatic test method for heating and heat supply systems connected to a heating plant must not exceed the maximum test pressure for heating devices and heating and ventilation equipment installed in the system.
4.7. Manometric tests of heating and heat supply systems should be carried out in the sequence specified in.
4.8. Surface heating systems must be tested, usually using the hydrostatic method.
Manometric testing can be carried out at negative outdoor temperatures.
Hydrostatic testing of panel heating systems must be carried out (before sealing the installation windows) with a pressure of 1 MPa (10 kgf/cm2) for 15 minutes, while the pressure drop is allowed to be no more than 0.01 MPa (0.1 kgf/cm2).
For panel heating systems combined with heating devices, the test pressure value should not exceed the maximum test pressure for the heating devices installed in the system.
The test pressure value of panel heating systems, steam heating and heat supply systems during manometric tests should be 0.1 MPa (1 kgf/cm2). Test duration - 5 minutes. The pressure drop should be no more than 0.01 MPa (0.1 kgf/cm2).
4.9. Steam heating and heat supply systems with a working pressure of up to 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm2) must be tested by the hydrostatic method with a pressure equal to 0.25 MPa (2.5 kgf/cm2) at the lowest point of the system; systems with a working pressure of more than 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm 2) - hydrostatic pressure equal to the working pressure plus 0.1 MPa (1 kgf/cm 2), but not less than 0.3 MPa (3 kgf/cm 2) at the top point of the system.
The system is recognized as having passed the pressure test if, within 5 minutes of being under test pressure, the pressure drop does not exceed 0.02 MPa (0.2 kgf/cm2) and there are no leaks in welds, pipes, threaded connections, fittings, heating devices
Steam heating and heat supply systems, after hydrostatic or pressure testing, must be checked by starting steam at the operating pressure of the system. In this case, steam leaks are not allowed.
4.10. Thermal testing of heating and heat supply systems at positive outside air temperatures must be carried out at a water temperature in the supply lines of the systems of at least 333 K (60 °C). In this case, all heating devices should warm up evenly.
If there are no heat sources during the warm season, a thermal test of heating systems must be carried out upon connection to a heat source.
Thermal testing of heating systems at negative outside air temperatures must be carried out at a coolant temperature in the supply pipeline corresponding to the outside air temperature during testing according to the heating temperature schedule, but not less than 323 K (50 °C), and the value of the circulation pressure in the system according to working documentation.
Thermal testing of heating systems should be carried out within 7 hours, while checking the uniformity of heating of the heating devices (to the touch).
BOILER HOUSES
4.11. Boilers must be tested using the hydrostatic method before lining works, and water heaters- before applying thermal insulation. During these tests, the heating and hot water supply pipes must be disconnected.
Upon completion of hydrostatic tests, it is necessary to release water from the boilers and water heaters.
Boilers and water heaters must be tested under hydrostatic pressure along with the fittings installed on them.
Before hydrostatic testing of the boiler, the covers and hatches must be tightly closed, the safety valves are jammed, and a plug must be placed on the flange connection of the flow device or bypass closest to the steam boiler.
The test pressure value for hydrostatic tests of boilers and water heaters is accepted in accordance with the standards or technical conditions for this equipment.
The test pressure is maintained for 5 minutes, after which it is reduced to the maximum operating pressure, which is maintained for the entire time required to inspect the boiler or water heater.
Boilers and water heaters are recognized as having passed the hydrostatic test if:
during the time they were under test pressure, no pressure drop was observed;
not found the woman has signs of rupture, leakage and sweating of the surface.
4.12. Fuel oil pipelines should be tested with a hydrostatic pressure of 0.5 MPa (5 kgf/cm2). The system is considered to have passed the test if, within 5 minutes of being under test pressure, the pressure drop does not exceed 0.02 MPa (0.2 kgf/cm2).
INTERNAL SEWERAGE AND DRAINS
4.13. Testing of internal sewerage systems should be carried out by pouring water by simultaneously opening 75% of the sanitary fixtures connected to the area being tested for the time required for its inspection.
The system is considered to have passed the test if, during its inspection, no leaks were detected through the walls of the pipelines and joints.
Tests of sewer outlet pipelines laid in the ground or underground channels must be carried out before they are closed by filling them with water to the level of the ground floor floor.
4.14. Tests at sections of sewerage systems hidden during subsequent work must be carried out by pouring water before they are closed, with the drawing up of an inspection report for hidden work in accordance with mandatory Appendix 6 SNiP 3.01.01-85.
4.15. Internal drains should be tested by filling them with water to the level of the highest drain funnel. The duration of the test must be at least 10 minutes.
Drains are considered to have passed the test if no leaks are found during inspection and the water level in the risers has not decreased.
VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
4.16. The final stage of installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems is their individual testing.
By the start of individual testing of systems, general construction and finishing work on ventilation chambers and shafts should be completed, as well as installation and individual testing of support equipment (electricity, heating and cold supply and etc.). If there is no power supply to ventilation units and air conditioning according to a permanent scheme, the general contractor will connect the electricity according to a temporary scheme and check the serviceability of the starting devices.
4.17. During individual tests, installation and construction organizations must perform the following work:
check the compliance of the actual execution of ventilation and air conditioning systems with the project (detailed design) and the requirements of this section;
check the air duct sections hidden by building structures for leaks using aerodynamic tests according to GOST 12.3.018-79, based on the results of the leak test, draw up an inspection report for hidden work in the form of mandatory Appendix 6 SNiP 3.01.01-85;
test (run in) ventilation equipment with a drive, valves and dampers at idle, in compliance with the requirements stipulated by the technical specifications of the manufacturers.
The duration of the run-in is taken according to the technical specifications or the passport of the equipment being tested. Based on the results of tests (run-in) of ventilation equipment, a report is drawn up in the mandatory form.
4.18. When adjusting ventilation and air conditioning systems to design parameters taking into account the requirements of GOST 12.4.021-75, the following should be done:
testing fans when operating in a network (determining compliance of the actual characteristics with the passport data: air supply and pressure, rotation speed, etc.);
checking the uniformity of heating (cooling) of heat exchangers and checking the absence of moisture removal through the drop eliminators of the irrigation chambers;
test e and adjustment of systems in order to achieve design indicators for air flow in air ducts, local suction, air exchange in rooms and determination of suction or air losses in systems, the permissible value of which due to leaks in air ducts and other elements of systems should not exceed the design values in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05-85;
checking the operation of natural ventilation exhaust devices.
For each ventilation and air conditioning system, a passport is issued in two copies in the mandatory form.
4.19. Deviations of air flow rates from those provided for in the project after adjustment and testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems are allowed:
± 10 % - based on the air flow passing through the air distribution and air intakes installation of general ventilation and air conditioning installations, subject to ensuring the required air pressure (rarefaction) in the room;
10 % - based on the air consumption removed through local suction and supplied through the shower pipes.
4.20. During comprehensive testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems, the commissioning work includes:
testing simultaneously operating systems;
checking the functionality of ventilation, air conditioning and heating and cold supply under design operating conditions with determination of compliance of actual parameters with design ones;
identifying the reasons why the design operating modes of systems are not ensured and taking measures to eliminate them;
testing of protection devices, blocking, alarms and control equipment;
measurements of sound pressure levels at design points.
Comprehensive testing of systems is carried out according to the program and schedule developed by the customer or on his behalf by the commissioning organization and agreed upon with the general contractor and installation organization.
The procedure for conducting comprehensive testing of systems and eliminating identified defects must comply with SNiP III -3 - 81.
ANNEX 1
Mandatory
ACT
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SNiP 3.05.06-85
BUILDING REGULATIONS
Electrical devices
Date of introduction 1986-01-07
DEVELOPED BY VNIIproektelektromontazh of the USSR Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy (V.K. Dobrynin, I.N. Dolgov - heads
topics, Candidate of Technical Sciences V.A. Antonov, A.L. Blinchikov, V.V. Belotserkovets, V.A. Demyantsev, Candidate of Technical Sciences N.I. Korotkov, E.A. Panteleev, Candidate of Sciences technical sciences Yu.A. Roslov, S.N. Starostin, A.K. Shulzhitsky), Orgenergostroy Ministry of Energy of the USSR (G.N. Elenbogen, N.V. Belanov, N.A. Voinilovich, A.L. Gonchar, N.M. Lerner), Selenergoproekt of the Ministry of Energy of the USSR (G.F. Sumin, Yu.V. Nepomnyashchiy), UGPI Tyazhpromelektroproekt of the Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy of the Ukrainian SSR (E.G. Poddubny, A.A. Koba).
INTRODUCED by the USSR Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy.
APPROVED by Decree of the USSR State Committee for Construction Affairs dated December 11, 1985 No. 215
INSTEAD SNiP III-33-76*, SN 85-74, SN 102-76*.
These rules apply to work during the construction of new ones, as well as during the reconstruction, expansion and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises for the installation and adjustment of electrical devices, including: electrical substations, distribution points and overhead power lines with voltage up to 750 kV, cable lines with voltage up to 220 kV, relay protection, power electrical equipment, internal and external electric lighting, grounding devices.
The rules do not apply to. production and acceptance of work on the installation and adjustment of electrical devices of the subway, mines and mines, contact networks of electrified transport, signaling systems of railway transport, as well as high-security premises of nuclear power plants, which must be carried out in accordance with departmental construction standards approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.
The rules must be observed by all organizations and enterprises involved in the design and construction of new, expansion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. When organizing and carrying out work on the installation and commissioning of electrical devices, the requirements of SNiP 3.01.01-85, SNiP III-4-80, state standards, and technical specifications must be observed. Rules for the construction of electrical installations approved by the USSR Ministry of Energy, and departmental regulatory documents approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.
1.2. Work on installation and adjustment of electrical devices should be carried out in accordance with the working drawings of the main sets of drawings of electrical grades; according to working documentation of electric drives; according to the working documentation of non-standardized equipment completed by the design organization; according to the working documentation of enterprises that manufacture technological equipment and supply power and control cabinets with it.
1.3. Installation of electrical devices should be carried out on the basis of the use of modular and complete block construction methods, with the installation of equipment supplied in large units that do not require straightening, cutting, drilling or other fitting operations and adjustments during installation. When accepting working documentation for work, it is necessary to check that it takes into account the requirements for the industrialization of the installation of electrical devices, as well as the mechanization of cable laying, rigging and installation of technological equipment.
1.4. Electrical installation work should usually be carried out in two stages.
In the first stage, inside buildings and structures, work is carried out on the installation of supporting structures for the installation of electrical equipment and busbars, for the laying of cables and wires, the installation of trolleys for electric overhead cranes, the installation of steel and plastic pipes for electrical wiring, the laying of hidden wiring before plastering and finishing work, as well as work on the installation of external cable networks and grounding networks. The first stage of work should be carried out in buildings and structures on a combined schedule simultaneously with the main construction work, and measures should be taken to protect installed structures and laid pipes from damage and contamination.
In the second stage, work is carried out on the installation of electrical equipment, laying cables and wires, busbars and connecting cables and wires to the terminals of electrical equipment. In the electrical rooms of the facilities, the second stage of work should be performed after the completion of the complex of general construction and finishing works and upon completion of the installation of plumbing devices, and in other rooms and areas - after the installation of technological equipment, electric motors and other electrical receivers, installation of technological, sanitary pipelines and ventilation ducts.
At small sites remote from the locations of electrical installation organizations, work should be carried out by mobile integrated teams, combining two stages of their implementation into one.
1.5. Electrical equipment, products and materials should be delivered according to a schedule agreed with the electrical installation organization, which should provide for the priority delivery of materials and products included in the specifications for units to be manufactured at the assembly and completion plants of electrical installation organizations.
1.6. The end of the installation of electrical devices is the completion of individual tests of the installed electrical equipment and the signing by the working commission of an acceptance certificate for electrical equipment after the individual test. The beginning of individual testing of electrical equipment is the moment of introduction of the operating mode at a given electrical installation, announced by the customer on the basis of a notification from the commissioning and electrical installation organizations.
1.7. At each construction site, during the installation of electrical devices, special logs of electrical installation work should be kept in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85, and upon completion of the work, the electrical installation organization is obliged to transfer to the general contractor the documentation presented to the working commission in accordance with SNiP III-3-81. The list of acts and protocols of inspections and tests is determined by the VSN, approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.
2. PREPARATION FOR PRODUCTION
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WORK
2.1. Installation of electrical devices must be preceded by preparation in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85 and these rules.
2.2. Before work begins at the site, the following activities must be completed:
a) working documentation has been received in the quantity and within the time frame specified by the Rules on capital construction contracts
construction, approved by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, and the Regulations on the relationship of organizations, general contractors with subcontractors, approved by the USSR State Construction Committee and the USSR State Planning Committee;
b) agreed delivery schedules for equipment, products and materials, taking into account the technological sequence of work, a list of electrical equipment installed with the involvement of installation supervision personnel of supplier enterprises, conditions for transportation to the installation site of heavy and large electrical equipment;
c) the necessary premises have been adopted to accommodate teams of workers, engineering and technical workers, a production base, as well as for storing materials and tools, ensuring measures for labor protection, fire safety and environmental protection in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85;
d) a work project has been developed, engineering and technical workers and foremen have been familiarized with working documentation and estimates, organizational and technical solutions for the work project;
e) the construction part of the facility was accepted according to the act for the installation of electrical devices in accordance with the requirements of these rules and the measures provided for by the norms and rules for labor protection, fire safety and environmental protection during the work were carried out;
f) the general contractor performed general construction and auxiliary work provided for by the Regulations on the relationship of organizations - general contractors with subcontractors.
2.3. Equipment, products, materials and technical documentation must be transferred for installation in accordance with the Rules on capital construction contracts and the Regulations on the relationship of organizations - general contractors with subcontractors.
2.4. When accepting equipment for installation, it is inspected, completeness is checked (without disassembly), and the availability and validity period of manufacturer’s warranties are checked.
2.5. The condition of the cables on the drums must be checked in the presence of the customer by external inspection. The results of the inspection are documented in a document.
2.6. When accepting prefabricated reinforced concrete structures of overhead lines (OHL), the following should be checked:
dimensions of elements, position of steel embedded parts, as well as quality of surfaces and appearance elements. The specified parameters must comply with GOST 13015.0-83, GOST 22687.0-85, GOST 24762-81, GOST 26071-84, GOST 23613-79, as well as PUE;
the presence on the surface of reinforced concrete structures intended for installation in an aggressive environment, waterproofing performed at the manufacturer.
2.7. Insulators and linear fittings must meet the requirements of the relevant state standards and technical specifications. When accepting them, you should check:
availability of a manufacturer's passport for each batch of insulators and linear fittings, certifying their quality;
the absence of cracks, deformations, cavities, chips, damage to the glaze on the surface of the insulators, as well as rocking and turning of steel reinforcement relative to the cement seal or porcelain;
absence of cracks, deformations, cavities and damage to galvanization and threads in linear reinforcement.
Minor damage to galvanizing may be painted over.
2.8. Elimination of defects and damage discovered during the transfer of electrical equipment is carried out in accordance with the Rules on capital construction contracts.
2.9. Electrical equipment for which the standard storage period specified in state standards or technical conditions has expired is accepted for installation only after a pre-installation inspection, correction of defects and testing. The results of the work performed must be entered into forms, passports and other accompanying documentation, or an act on the implementation of the specified work must be drawn up.
2.10. Electrical equipment, products and materials accepted for installation should be stored in accordance with the requirements of state standards or technical specifications.
2.11. For large and complex objects with a large volume of cable lines in tunnels, channels and cable mezzanines, as well as electrical equipment in electrical rooms, the construction organization project must define measures for advanced installation (versus the installation of cable networks) of internal fire water supply systems, automatic fire extinguishing and automatic fire alarms provided for in the working drawings.
2.12. In electrical rooms (panel rooms, control rooms, substations and switchgears, machine rooms, battery rooms, cable tunnels and channels, cable mezzanines, etc.), finished floors with drainage channels, the necessary slope and waterproofing and finishing work (plastering and painting) must be carried out ) , embedded parts were installed and installation openings were left, the lifting and load-moving mechanisms and devices provided for by the project were installed, pipe blocks, holes and openings for the passage of pipes and cables, grooves, niches and nests were prepared in accordance with the architectural and construction drawings and the work project, Power supply for temporary electric lighting in all rooms has been completed.
2.13. In buildings and structures, heating and ventilation systems must be put into operation, bridges, platforms and suspended ceiling structures provided for by the project for the installation and maintenance of electric lighting installations located at height must be installed and tested, as well as mounting structures for multi-lamp lamps (chandeliers) weighing over 100 kg; asbestos-cement pipes and pipes and pipe blocks for the passage of cables were laid outside and inside buildings and structures, as specified in the working construction drawings.
2.14. Foundations for electrical machines should be handed over for installation with fully completed construction and finishing work, installed air coolers and ventilation ducts, with benchmarks and axial strips (measurements) in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.02.01-83 and these rules.
2.15. On the supporting (rough) surfaces of foundations, depressions of no more than 10 mm and slopes of up to 1:100 are allowed. Deviations in construction dimensions should be no more than: for axial dimensions in plan - plus 30 mm, for elevation marks of the surface of the foundations (excluding the height of the grout) - minus 30 mm, for the dimensions of ledges in plan - minus 20 mm, for the dimensions of wells - plus 20 mm, along the marks of ledges in recesses and wells - minus 20 mm, along the axes of the anchor bolts in plan - ±5 mm, along the axes of embedded anchor devices in plan - ± 10 mm, along the marks of the upper ends of the anchor bolts - ±20 mm.
2.16. The delivery and acceptance of foundations for the installation of electrical equipment, the installation of which is carried out with the involvement of installation supervision personnel, is carried out jointly with representatives of the organization carrying out installation supervision.
2.17. Upon completion of finishing work in battery rooms, acid- or alkali-resistant coatings of walls, ceilings and floors must be made, heating, ventilation, water supply and sewerage systems must be installed and tested.
2.18. Before the start of electrical installation work on open switchgears with a voltage of 35 kV and above, the construction organization must complete the construction of access roads, approaches and entrances, install busbars and linear portals, build foundations for electrical equipment, cable channels with ceilings, fences around the outdoor switchgear, emergency discharge tanks oils, underground communications and territory planning is completed. In the structures of portals and foundations for equipment, the embedded parts and fasteners provided for by the project, necessary for fastening garlands of insulators and equipment, must be installed. In cable ducts and tunnels, embedded parts must be installed for fastening cable structures and air ducts. The construction of the water supply system and other fire-fighting devices provided for by the project must also be completed.
2.19. The construction part of outdoor switchgear and substations with a voltage of 330-750 kV should be accepted for installation for their full development, provided for by the project for the design period.
2.20. Before the start of electrical installation work on the construction of overhead power lines with voltages up to 1000 V and above, preparatory work must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85, including:
Inventory structures have been prepared in the locations of construction sites and temporary bases for storing materials and equipment; temporary access roads, bridges and installation sites were constructed;
clearings have been made;
The demolition of buildings envisaged by the project and the reconstruction of intersecting engineering structures located on or near the overhead line route and interfering with the work were carried out.
2.21. Routes for laying cables in the ground must be prepared before the start of its laying in volume: water has been pumped out from the trench and stones, clods of earth, construction garbage; at the bottom of the trench there is a cushion of loosened earth; soil punctures were made at the intersections of the route with roads and other engineering structures, and pipes were laid.
After laying cables in the trench and the electrical installation organization has submitted a certificate for hidden work on laying cables, the trench should be backfilled.
2.22. Block sewer routes for laying cables must be prepared taking into account the following requirements:
the design depth of the blocks is maintained from the planning mark;
ensured correct installation and waterproofing of joints of reinforced concrete blocks and pipes;
cleanliness and alignment of the channels is ensured;
there are double covers (the lower one with a lock) for the well hatches, metal ladders or brackets for descending into the well.
2.23. When constructing overpasses for laying cables on their supporting structures (columns) and on spans, the embedded elements provided for by the design must be installed for installing cable rollers, bypass devices and other devices.
2.24. The general contractor must present construction readiness for acceptance for installation in residential buildings - section by section, in public buildings - floor by floor (or by room).
Reinforced concrete, gypsum concrete, expanded clay concrete floor panels, internal wall panels and partitions, reinforced concrete columns and factory-made crossbars must have channels (pipes) for laying wires, niches, sockets with embedded parts for installing plug sockets, switches, bells and bell buttons in accordance with working drawings. The flow sections of channels and embedded non-metallic pipes should not differ by more than 15% from those indicated in the working drawings.
The displacement of nests and niches at junctions of adjacent building structures should not be more than 40 mm.
2.25. In buildings and structures handed over for the installation of electrical equipment, the general contractor must make the holes, grooves, niches and sockets specified in the architectural and construction drawings in the foundations, walls, partitions, ceilings and coverings necessary for the installation of electrical equipment and installation products, laying pipes for electrical wiring and electrical networks.
The specified holes, grooves, niches and nests not left in building structures during their construction are made by the general contractor in accordance with architectural and construction drawings.
Holes with a diameter of less than 30 mm, which cannot be taken into account when developing drawings and which cannot be provided for in building structures according to the conditions of their manufacturing technology (holes in walls, partitions, ceilings only for installing dowels, studs and pins of various supporting structures), must carried out by an electrical installation organization at the work site.
After performing electrical installation work, the general contractor is obliged to seal holes, grooves, niches and sockets.
2.26. When accepting foundations for transformers, the presence and correct installation of anchors for fastening traction devices when rolling transformers and foundations for jacks for turning the rollers must be checked.
3. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WORK
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1. When loading, unloading, moving, lifting and installing electrical equipment, measures must be taken to protect it from damage, while heavy electrical equipment must be securely strapped to the parts provided for this purpose or in the places specified by the manufacturer.
3.2. During installation, electrical equipment is not subject to disassembly or inspection, except in cases where this is provided for by state and industry standards or technical specifications agreed upon in the prescribed manner.
Disassembly of equipment received sealed from the manufacturer is prohibited.
3.3. Electrical equipment and cable products that are deformed or with damaged protective coatings are not subject to installation until damage and defects are eliminated in the prescribed manner.
3.4. When carrying out electrical installation work, you should use standard sets of special tools for the types of electrical installation work, as well as mechanisms and devices intended for this purpose.
3.5. As support structures and fasteners for the installation of trolleys, busbars, trays, boxes, hinged panels and control stations, protective starting equipment and lamps, factory-made products should be used that have increased installation readiness (with a protective coating, adapted for fastening without welding and not requiring large labor costs for mechanical processing).
Fastening of supporting structures should be carried out by welding to embedded parts provided in building elements, or with fasteners (dowels, pins, studs, etc.). The method of fastening must be indicated in the working drawings.
3.6. The color designation of current-carrying busbars of switchgears, trolleys, grounding busbars, overhead line wires should be carried out in accordance with the instructions given in the project.
3.7. When carrying out work, the electrical installation organization must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.1.004-76 and Fire Safety Rules during construction and installation work. When introducing an operational regime at a facility, ensuring fire safety is the responsibility of the customer.
CONTACT CONNECTIONS
3.8. Dismountable connections of busbars and cores of wires and cables to contact terminals of electrical equipment, installation products and busbars must meet the requirements of GOST 10434-82.
3.9. At the points where wires and cables are connected, a reserve of wire or cable should be provided to ensure the possibility of reconnection.
3.10. Places of connections and branches must be accessible for inspection and repair. The insulation of connections and branches must be equivalent to the insulation of the cores of the connected wires and cables.
At junctions and branches, wires and cables should not experience mechanical stress.
3.11. The cable core with impregnated paper insulation should be terminated using sealed current-carrying fittings (lugs) that do not allow the cable impregnating compound to leak out.
3.12. Connections and branches of busbars should, as a rule, be made non-separable (by welding).
In places where dismountable joints are required, busbar connections should be made with bolts or compression plates. The number of collapsible joints should be minimal.
3.13. Connections of overhead line wires with voltage up to 20 kV should be made:
a) in the loops of anchor-angle type supports: with anchor and branch wedge clamps; connecting oval, mounted by crimping; loop dies, using thermite cartridges, and wires of different brands and sections - with hardware pressed clamps;
b) in spans: with connecting oval clamps mounted by twisting.
Single-wire wires can be connected by twisting. Butt welding of solid wires is not permitted.
3.14. The connection of overhead line wires with voltages above 20 kV must be performed:
a) in the loops of anchor-angle type supports:
steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of 240 sq. mm and above - using thermite cartridges and crimping using explosion energy;
steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of 500 sq. mm and above - using pressed connectors;
wires of different brands - with bolt clamps;
wires made of aluminum alloy - with loop clamps or oval connectors mounted by crimping;
b) in spans:
steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of up to 185 sq. mm and steel ropes with a cross-section of up to 50 sq. mm - with oval connectors mounted by twisting;
steel ropes with a cross-section of 70-95 sq. mm with oval connectors, mounted by crimping or crimping with additional thermite welding of the ends;
steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of 240-400 sq. mm with connecting clamps mounted by continuous crimping and crimping using explosion energy;
steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of 500 sq. mm and more - with connecting clamps mounted by continuous crimping.
3.15. The connection of copper and steel-copper ropes with a cross-section of 35-120 sq.mm, as well as aluminum wires with a cross-section of 120-185 sq.mm when installing contact networks should be made with oval connectors, steel ropes - with clamps with a connecting strip between them. Steel-copper ropes with a cross-section of 50-95 sq. mm can be joined using wedge clamps with a connecting strip between them.
ELECTRICAL WIRING
General requirements
3.16. The rules of this subsection apply to the installation of electrical wiring of power, lighting and secondary circuits with voltages up to 1000 V AC and DC, laid inside and outside buildings and structures using insulated installation wires of all sections and non-armored cables with rubber or plastic insulation with a cross-section of up to 16 sq. mm.
3.17. Installation of control cables should be carried out taking into account the requirements of paragraphs. 3.56-3.106.
3.18. Passages of unarmored cables, protected and unprotected wires through fireproof walls (partitions) and interfloor ceilings must be made in sections of pipes, or in boxes, or openings, and through combustible ones - in sections of steel pipes.
Openings in walls and ceilings must have a frame that prevents their destruction during operation. In places where wires and cables pass through walls, ceilings or where they exit outside, the gaps between the wires, cables and the pipe (duct, opening) should be sealed with an easily removable mass of non-combustible material.
The seal should be made on each side of the pipe (box, etc.).
When laying non-metallic pipes openly, sealing the places where they pass through fire barriers must be done with non-combustible materials immediately after laying cables or wires into the pipes.
Sealing the gaps between pipes (ducts, openings) and the building structure (see clause 2.25), as well as between wires and cables laid in pipes (ducts, openings), with an easily removable mass of fireproof material should provide fire resistance corresponding to the fire resistance of the building structure .
Laying wires and cables on trays and boxes
3.19. The design and degree of protection of trays and boxes, as well as the method of laying wires and cables on trays and boxes (in bulk, in bundles, multi-layered, etc.) must be indicated in the project.
3.20. The method of installing boxes should not allow moisture to accumulate in them. The boxes used for open electrical wiring must, as a rule, have removable or opening covers.
3.21. For hidden gaskets, blind boxes should be used.
3.22. Wires and cables laid in boxes and on trays must be marked at the beginning and end of the trays and boxes, as well as at the points where they are connected to electrical equipment, and the cables, in addition, also at route turns and branches.
3.23. Fastenings of unprotected wires and cables with a metal sheath with metal staples or bandages must be made with gaskets made of elastic insulating materials.
Laying wires on insulating supports
3.24. When laying on insulating supports, the connection or branch of the wires should be made directly at the insulator, face, roller or on them.
3.25. The distances between fastening points along the route and between the axes of parallel unprotected insulated wires on insulating supports must be indicated in the design.
3.26. Hooks and brackets with insulators must be fixed only to the main material of the walls, and rollers and clasps for wires with a cross-section of up to 4 sq. mm inclusive. can be fixed to plaster or to the cladding of wooden buildings. Insulators on hooks must be securely fastened.
3.27. When fastening rollers with wood grouse, metal and elastic washers should be placed under the heads of the wood grouse, and when fastening rollers on metal, elastic washers should be placed under their bases.
Laying wires and cables on a steel rope
3.28. Wires and cables (in polyvinyl chloride, nayrite, lead or aluminum sheaths with rubber or polyvinyl chloride insulation) must be secured to the supporting steel rope or to the wire with bandages or clasps installed at distances of no more than 0.5 m from each other.
3.29. Cables and wires laid on ropes, in places where they pass from the rope to building structures, must be relieved from mechanical forces.
Vertical wiring hangers on a steel rope should be located, as a rule, in places where branch boxes, plug connectors, lamps, etc. are installed. The sag of the rope in the spans between the fastenings should be within 1/40 - 1/60 of the span length. Splicing of ropes in the span between the end fastenings is not allowed.
3.30. To prevent swinging of lighting electrical wiring, guy wires must be installed on the steel rope. The number of guy wires must be determined in the working drawings.
3.31. For branches from special cable wires, special boxes must be used to ensure the creation of a cable loop, as well as the supply of cores necessary to connect the outgoing line using branch clamps without cutting the main line.
Laying installation wires on building foundations
and inside the main building structures
3.32. Open and hidden installation of installation wires is not allowed at temperatures below minus 15° C.
3.33. When laying wires hidden under a layer of plaster or in thin-walled (up to 80 mm) partitions, the wires must be laid parallel to the architectural and construction lines. The distance of horizontally laid wires from floor slabs should not exceed 150 mm. In building structures with a thickness of over 80 mm, wires must be laid along the shortest routes.
3.34. All connections and branches of installation wires must be made by welding, crimping in sleeves or using clamps in branch boxes.
Metal branch boxes where wires enter them must have bushings made of insulating materials. It is allowed to use pieces of polyvinyl chloride tube instead of bushings. In dry rooms, it is allowed to place wire branches in sockets and niches of walls and ceilings, as well as in ceiling voids. The walls of the sockets and niches must be smooth, the branches of the wires located in the sockets and niches must be covered with covers made of fireproof material.
3.35. The fastening of flat wires during hidden installation should ensure their tight fit to the building foundations. In this case, the distances between the attachment points should be:
a) when laying bundles of wires to be plastered on horizontal and vertical sections - no more than 0.5 m; single wires -0.9 m;
b) when covering wires with dry plaster - up to 1.2 m.
3.36. The baseboard wiring device must ensure separate laying of power and low-current wires.
3.37. The fastening of the plinth must ensure its tight fit to the building foundations, while the pull-off force must be at least 190 N, and the gap between the plinth, wall and floor must not be more than 2 mm. Skirting boards should be made from fireproof and fire-resistant materials that have electrical insulating properties.
3.38. In accordance with GOST 12504-80, GOST 12767-80 and GOST 9574-80, the panels must have internal channels or embedded plastic pipes and embedded elements for hidden replaceable electrical wiring, sockets and holes for installing junction boxes, switches and plug sockets.
Holes intended for electrical installation products and broaching niches in the wall panels of adjacent apartments should not be through. If, according to the manufacturing technology, it is not possible to make the holes non-through, then they must be filled with soundproofing gaskets made of vinipore or other fireproof soundproofing material.
3.39. The installation of pipes and boxes in reinforcement frames should be carried out on conductors according to working drawings that determine the attachment points of installation, branch and ceiling boxes. To ensure that the boxes, after molding, are located flush with the surface of the panels, they should be attached to the reinforcement frame in such a way that when installing boxes in blocks, the height of the block corresponds to the thickness of the panel, and when installing the boxes separately, to prevent them from moving inside the panels, the front surface of the boxes should protrude beyond the plane of the reinforcement frame by 30-35 mm.
3.40. The channels must have a smooth surface throughout, without sagging or sharp corners.
The thickness of the protective layer above the channel (pipe) must be at least 10 mm.
The length of the channels between broaching niches or boxes should be no more than 8 m.
Laying wires and cables in steel pipes
3.41. Steel pipes may be used for electrical wiring only in cases specifically justified in the project in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.
3.42. Steel pipes used for electrical wiring must have an internal surface that prevents damage to the wire insulation when they are pulled into the pipe and an anti-corrosion coating on the outer surface. For pipes embedded in building structures, external anti-corrosion coating is not required. Pipes laid in rooms with a chemically active environment, inside and outside, must have an anti-corrosion coating that is resistant to the conditions of this environment. Insulating sleeves should be installed where wires exit steel pipes.
3.43. Steel pipes for electrical wiring laid in foundations for technological equipment must be secured to supporting structures or reinforcement before concreting the foundations. Where pipes exit from the foundation into the ground, the measures provided for in the working drawings must be taken to prevent the pipes from being cut off due to settlement of the soil or foundation.
3.44. Where pipes intersect temperature and settlement seams, compensating devices must be made in accordance with the instructions in the working drawings.
3.45. The distances between the fastening points of openly laid steel pipes should not exceed the values indicated in the table. 1. Fastening steel electrical wiring pipes directly to process pipelines, as well as welding them directly to various structures, is not allowed.
Table 1
|
Nominal diameter of pipes, mm |
Nominal diameter of pipes, mm |
Maximum permissible distances between fastening points, m |
|
3.46. When bending pipes, normalized bending angles of 90, 120 and 135° and normalized bending radii of 400, 800 and 1000 mm should generally be used. A bending radius of 400 mm should be used for pipes laid in ceilings and for vertical outlets; 800 and 1000 mm - when laying pipes in monolithic foundations and when laying cables with single-wire conductors in them. When preparing packages and blocks of pipes, you should also adhere to the specified normalized angles and bending radii.
3.47. When laying wires in vertically laid pipes (risers), their fastening must be provided, and the fastening points must be spaced from each other at a distance not exceeding m:
for wires up to 50 sq. mm incl. ................... thirty
the same, from 70 to 150 sq. mm inclusive. .................. 20
" " 185 " 240 sq.mm " ....................... 15
Wires should be secured using clips or clamps in duct or branch boxes or at the ends of pipes.
3.48. When laid hidden in the floor, pipes must be buried at least 20 mm and protected with a layer of cement mortar. It is allowed to install branch and duct boxes in the floor, for example for modular wiring.
3.49. The distances between broaching boxes (boxes) should not exceed, m: on straight sections 75, with one bend of the pipe - 50, with two - 40, with three -20.
Wires and cables in pipes should lie freely, without tension. The diameter of the pipes should be taken in accordance with the instructions in the working drawings.
Laying wires and cables in non-metallic pipes
3.50. The laying of non-metallic (plastic) pipes for tightening wires and cables in them must be done in accordance with the working drawings at an air temperature not lower than minus 20 and not higher than plus 60 ° C.
In foundations, plastic pipes (usually polyethylene) should be laid only on horizontally compacted soil or a layer of concrete.
In foundations up to 2 m deep, the installation of polyvinyl chloride pipes is allowed. In this case, measures must be taken against mechanical damage during concreting and backfilling of soil.
3.51. The fastening of openly laid non-metallic pipes must allow their free movement (movable fastening) during linear expansion or contraction due to changes in ambient temperature. The distances between the installation points of the movable fasteners must correspond to those indicated in the table. 2.
table 2
|
Pipe outer diameter, mm |
Pipe outer diameter, mm |
Distances between fastening points for horizontal and vertical installation, mm |
|
3.52. The thickness of the concrete mortar above the pipes (single and blocks) when they are monolithic in floor preparations must be at least 20 mm. Where pipe routes intersect, a protective layer of concrete mortar between the pipes is not required. In this case, the depth of the top row must meet the above requirements. If, when crossing pipes, it is impossible to ensure the required depth of pipes, they should be protected from mechanical damage by installing metal sleeves, casings or other means in accordance with the instructions in the working drawings.
3.53. Protection against mechanical damage at the intersection of electrical wiring laid in the floor in plastic pipes with intra-shop transport routes with a concrete layer of 100 mm or more is not required. The exit of plastic pipes from foundations, sub-floors and other building structures should be made with sections or elbows of polyvinyl chloride pipes, and, if mechanical damage is possible, with sections of thin-walled steel pipes.
3.54. When polyvinyl chloride pipes exit onto walls in places of possible mechanical damage, they should be protected with steel structures to a height of up to 1.5 m or exited from the wall with sections of thin-walled steel pipes.
3.55. The connection of plastic pipes must be carried out:
polyethylene - tight fit using couplings, hot casing into a socket, couplings made of heat-shrinkable materials, welding;
polyvinyl chloride - tight fit in a socket or using couplings. Connection by gluing is allowed.
CABLE LINES
General requirements
3.56. These rules must be observed when installing power cable lines with voltages up to 220 kV.
Installation of cable lines of the subway, mines, mines should be carried out taking into account the requirements of the VSN, approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.
3.57. The smallest permissible bending radii of cables and the permissible level difference between the highest and lowest points of arrangement of cables with impregnated paper insulation on the route must comply with the requirements of GOST 24183-80*, GOST 16441-78, GOST 24334-80, GOST 1508-78* E and approved technical conditions.
3.58. When laying cables, measures should be taken to protect them from mechanical damage. The tensile forces of cables up to 35 kV must be within the limits given in table. 3. Winches and other traction means must be equipped with adjustable limiting devices to turn off the traction when forces exceed the permissible ones. Pulling devices that crimp the cable (drive rollers), as well as rotating devices, must exclude the possibility of cable deformation.
For cables with voltage 110-220 kV, permissible tensile forces are given in clause 3.100.
3.59. Cables should be laid with a length margin of 1-2%. In trenches and on solid surfaces inside buildings and structures, the reserve is achieved by laying the cable in a “snake” pattern, and along cable structures (brackets) this reserve is used to form a sag.
Laying the cable reserve in the form of rings (turns) is not allowed.
Table 3
|
Gravity forces for aluminum |
Tensile forces on the cores, kN, cable up to 35, kV |
|||||
|
cable, mm2 |
sheath, kN, cable voltage, kV |
aluminum stranded |
aluminum single wire |
|||
|
1,7 1,8 2,3 2,9 3,4 3,9 5,9 6,4 7,4 |
2,8 2,9 3,4 3,9 4,4 4,9 6,4 7,4 9,3 |
3,7 3,9 4,4 4,9 5,7 6,4 7,4 8,3 9,8 |
||||
_____________________
* Made of soft aluminum with elongation not exceeding 30%.
Notes:
1. Pulling of a cable with a plastic or lead sheath is allowed only by the cores.
2. The tensile forces of the cable when pulling it through the block sewer are given in table. 4.
3. Cables armored with round wire should be pulled by the wires. Permissible voltage 70-100 N/sq.mm.
4. Control cables and armored and unarmored power cables with a cross-section of up to 3 x 16 sq. mm, in contrast to the cables of large cross-sections shown in this table, can be laid mechanically by pulling behind the armor or behind the sheath using a wire stocking, the pulling forces should not be exceed 1 kN.
3.60. Cables laid horizontally along structures, walls, floors, trusses, etc. should be rigidly secured at the end points, directly at the end couplings, at route turns, on both sides of bends and at connecting and locking couplings.
3.61. Cables laid vertically along structures and walls must be secured to each cable structure.
3.62. The distances between supporting structures are taken in accordance with the working drawings. When laying power and control cables with an aluminum sheath on supporting structures with a distance of 6000 mm, a residual deflection in the middle of the span must be ensured: 250-300 mm when laid on overpasses and galleries, at least 100-150 mm in other cable structures.
The structures on which unarmored cables are laid must be designed to exclude the possibility of mechanical damage to the cable sheaths.
In places where unarmored cables with a lead or aluminum sheath are rigidly attached to structures, gaskets made of elastic material (for example, sheet rubber, sheet polyvinyl chloride) must be laid; unarmored cables with a plastic sheath or plastic hose, as well as armored cables, may be secured to structures with brackets (clamps) without gaskets.
3.63. Armored and unarmored cables indoors and outdoors in places where mechanical damage is possible (movement of vehicles, loads and machinery, accessibility for unqualified personnel) must be protected to a safe height, but not less than 2 m from the ground or floor level and at a depth of 0 .3 m in the ground.
3.64. The ends of all cables whose sealing is broken during installation must be temporarily sealed before installing the connecting and termination couplings.
3.65. Cable passages through walls, partitions and ceilings in industrial premises and cable structures must be carried out through sections of non-metallic pipes (free-flow asbestos, plastic, etc.), textured holes in reinforced concrete structures or open openings. Gaps in pipe sections, holes and openings after laying cables must be sealed with fireproof material, for example cement with sand by volume 1:10, clay with sand - 1:3, clay with cement and sand - 1.5:1:11, perlite expanded with building plaster - 1:2, etc., over the entire thickness of the wall or partition.
Gaps in passages through walls may not be sealed if these walls are not fire barriers.
3.66. The trench before laying the cable must be inspected to identify places on the route containing substances that have a destructive effect on the metal cover and cable sheath (salt marshes, lime, water, bulk soil containing slag or construction waste, areas located closer than 2 m from cesspools and garbage pits, etc.). If it is impossible to bypass these places, the cable must be laid in clean neutral soil in free-flow asbestos-cement pipes, coated inside and outside with a bitumen composition, etc. When backfilling the cable with neutral soil, the trench must be additionally expanded on both sides by 0.5-0. 6 m and deepened by 0.3-0.4 m.
3.67. Cable entries into buildings, cable structures and other premises must be made in asbestos-cement free-flow pipes in textured holes in reinforced concrete structures. The ends of the pipes must protrude from the wall of the building into the trench, and if there is a blind area, beyond the line of the latter by at least 0.6 m and have a slope towards the trench.
3.68. When laying several cables in a trench, the ends of the cables intended for subsequent installation of connecting and locking couplings should be positioned with a shift of the connection points of at least 2 m. In this case, a reserve cable of the length necessary for checking the insulation for moisture and installing the coupling should be left. as well as laying the compensator arc (with a length at each end of at least 350 mm for cables with voltages up to 10 kV and at least 400 mm for cables with voltages of 20 and 35 kV).
3.69. In cramped conditions with large cable flows, it is allowed to place expansion joints in a vertical plane below the cable laying level. The coupling remains at the level of the cable routing.
3.70. The cable laid in the trench must be covered with the first layer of earth, mechanical protection or warning tape must be laid, after which representatives of electrical installation and construction organizations, together with a representative of the customer, must inspect the route and draw up a report on hidden work.
3.71. The trench must be finally backfilled and compacted after installing the couplings and testing the line with increased voltage.
3.72. Filling the trench with clods of frozen earth, soil containing stones, pieces of metal, etc. is not allowed.
3.73. Trenchless laying from a self-propelled or traction-driven knife cable-laying machine is allowed for 1-2 armored cables with a voltage of up to 10 kV with a lead or aluminum sheath on cable routes remote from engineering structures. In urban electrical networks and industrial enterprises, trenchless installation is allowed only on extended sections in the absence of underground communications, intersections with utility structures, natural obstacles and hard surfaces along the route.
3.74. When laying a cable line route in an undeveloped area, identification marks must be installed along the entire route on concrete posts or on special signboards that are placed at the turns of the route, at the locations of connecting couplings, on both sides of intersections with roads and underground structures, at entries into buildings and every 100 m on straight sections.
On arable land, identification signs must be installed at least every 500 m.
Laying in block sewer
3.75. The total length of the block channel under the conditions of the maximum permissible tensile forces for unarmored cables with a lead sheath and copper conductors should not exceed the following values:
Cable cross-section, sq.mm.... up to 3x50 3x70 3x95 and above
Maximum length, m..... 145 115 108
For unarmored cables with aluminum conductors with a cross-section of 95 sq. mm and above in a lead or plastic sheath, the length of the channel should not exceed 150 m.
3.76. The maximum permissible tensile forces of unarmored cables with a lead sheath and with copper or aluminum conductors when attaching the traction rope to the conductors, as well as the required forces for pulling 100 m of cable through a block sewer are given in Table. 4.
Table 4
|
Unarmored cable cores with lead |
Cable cross-section, sq.mm |
Permissible tensile force, kN |
Required tensile force per 100 m of cable, kN, voltage, kV |
||
|
shell |
|||||
|
Aluminum |
|||||
Note.
To reduce the tensile force when pulling the cable, it should be coated with a lubricant that does not contain substances that have a harmful effect on the cable sheath (grease, grease).
3.77. For unarmored cables with a plastic sheath, the maximum permissible tensile forces should be taken according to table. 4 with correction factors for cores:
copper........................................ 0.7
made of solid aluminum........................ 0.5
"soft" ........................... 0.25
Laying in cable structures
and production premises
3.78. When laid in cable structures, collectors and production premises, cables should not have external protective coverings made of flammable materials. Metal sheaths and cable armor that have a fireproof anti-corrosion (for example, galvanic) coating made at the manufacturer are not subject to painting after installation.
3.79. Cables in cable structures and collectors of residential areas should, as a rule, be laid in full construction lengths, avoiding, if possible, the use of couplings in them.
Cables laid horizontally along structures on open overpasses (cable and technological), in addition to fastening in places in accordance with clause 3.60, must be secured to avoid displacement under the influence of wind loads on straight horizontal sections of the route in accordance with the instructions given in the project.
3.80. When laying them on plastered and concrete walls, trusses and columns, cables in an aluminum sheath without an outer covering must be at least 25 mm from the surface of building structures. It is permissible to lay such cables on the painted surfaces of these structures without a gap.
Laying on steel rope
3.81. The diameter and grade of the rope, as well as the distance between the anchor and intermediate fastenings of the rope are determined in the working drawings. The sag of the rope after hanging the cables should be within 1/40 - 1/60 of the span length. The distances between cable hangers should be no more than 800 - 1000 mm.
3.82. Anchor end structures must be secured to the columns or walls of the building. Attaching them to beams and trusses is not allowed.
3.83. Steel rope and other metal parts for laying cables on a rope outdoors, regardless of the presence of galvanic coating, must be coated with a lubricant (for example, grease). Indoors, galvanized steel rope should be coated with lubricant only in cases where it may be subject to corrosion under the influence of an aggressive environment.
Laying in permafrost soils
3.84. The depth of cable laying in permafrost soils is determined in the working drawings.
3.85. Local soil used to backfill trenches must be crushed and compacted. Ice and snow in the trench is not allowed. The soil for the embankment should be taken from places at least 5 m away from the axis of the cable route. The soil in the trench after settlement should be covered with a moss-peat layer.
As additional measures against the occurrence of frost cracks, the following should be used:
backfilling the cable trench with sand or gravel-pebble soil;
construction of drainage ditches or slots up to 0.6 m deep, located on both sides of the route at a distance of 2-3 m from its axis;
sowing the cable route with grasses and lining with shrubs.
Low temperature gasket
3.86. Laying cables in the cold season without preheating is allowed only in cases where the air temperature within 24 hours before the start of work has not decreased, at least temporarily, below:
0 °C - for power armored and non-armored cables with paper insulation (viscous, non-drip and lean-impregnated) in a lead or aluminum sheath;
minus 5 °C - for oil-filled low and high pressure cables;
minus 7 °C - for control and power cables with voltages up to 35 kV with plastic or rubber insulation and a sheath with fibrous materials in a protective cover, as well as with armor made of steel tapes or wires;
minus 15 °C - for control and power cables with voltage up to 10 kV with polyvinyl chloride or rubber insulation and a sheath without fibrous materials in a protective cover, as well as with armor made of profiled galvanized steel tape;
minus 20°C - for unarmored control and power cables with polyethylene insulation and sheath without fibrous materials in the protective cover, as well as with rubber insulation in a lead sheath.
3.87. Short-term drops in temperature within 2-3 hours (night frosts) should not be taken into account provided the temperature was positive in the previous period of time.
3.88. At air temperatures below those specified in clause 3.86, the cables must be preheated and laid within the following periods:
more than 1 hour............ from 0 to minus 10 °C
" 40 min............. from minus 10 to minus 20 °C
" 30 min............. from minus 20 °C and below
3.89. Unarmoured cables with an aluminum sheath in a polyvinyl chloride hose, even preheated ones, are not allowed to be laid at ambient temperatures below minus 20 °C.
3.90. When the ambient temperature is below minus 40 °C, laying cables of all brands is not allowed.
3.91. During installation, the heated cable should not be bent at a radius less than permissible. It is necessary to lay it in a trench in a snake with a margin of length in accordance with clause 3.59. Immediately after installation, the cable must be covered with the first layer of loosened soil. The trench should be completely filled with soil and the backfill should be compacted after the cable has cooled.
Installation of cable joints with voltage up to 35 kV
3.92. Installation of power cable couplings with voltages up to 35 kV and control cables must be carried out in accordance with departmental technological instructions approved in the prescribed manner.
3.93. Types of couplings and terminations for power cables with voltage up to 35 kV with paper and plastic insulation and control cables, as well as methods of connecting and terminating cable cores must be indicated in the project.
3.94. The clear distance between the coupling body and the nearest cable laid in the ground must be at least 250 mm. As a rule, couplings should not be installed on steeply inclined routes (more than 20° to the horizontal). If it is necessary to install couplings in such areas, they should be located on horizontal platforms. To ensure the possibility of re-installing couplings in the event of damage, a supply of cable in the form of a compensator must be left on both sides of the coupling (see clause 3.68).
3.95. Cables in cable structures should be laid, as a rule, without making couplings on them. If it is necessary to use couplings on cables with a voltage of 6-35 kV, each of them must be laid on a separate supporting structure and enclosed in a fire protective casing for fire localization (manufactured in accordance with approved regulatory and technical documentation). In addition, the coupling must be separated from the upper and lower cables by fireproof protective partitions with a fire resistance rating of at least 0.25 hours.
3.96. The couplings of cables laid in blocks must be located in wells.
3.97. On a route consisting of a bore tunnel leading into a semi-bore tunnel or a non-bore tunnel, the couplings must be located in the bore tunnel.
Features of installation of cable lines with voltage 110-220 kV
3.98. Working drawings of cable lines with oil-filled cables for voltage 110-220 kV and cables with plastic (vulcanized polyethylene) insulation for voltage 110 kV and PPR for their installation must be agreed with the cable manufacturer.
3.99. The temperature of the cable and ambient air during installation must not be lower than: minus 5 °C for an oil-filled cable and minus 10 °C for a cable with plastic insulation. At lower temperatures, laying can only be permitted in accordance with the PPR.
3.100. Cables with round wire armor during mechanized installation should be pulled by the wires using a special grip that ensures uniform load distribution between the armor wires. In this case, in order to avoid deformation of the lead sheath, the total tensile force should not exceed 25 kN. Unarmored cables may only be pulled by the cores using a grip mounted at the upper end of the cable on the drum. The greatest permissible tensile force is determined from the calculation: 50 MPa (N/sq.mm) - for copper conductors, 40 MPa (N/sq.mm) - for conductors made of solid aluminum and 20 MPa (N/sq.mm) - for soft aluminum cores.
3.101. The traction winch must be equipped with a recording device and an automatic shutdown device when the maximum permissible pull value is exceeded. The recording device must be equipped with a recording device. Reliable telephone or VHF communication must be established during installation between the locations of the cable drum, winch, route turns, transitions and intersections with other communications.
3.102. Cables laid on cable structures with a span between them of 0.8-1 m must be secured on all supports with aluminum brackets with two layers of rubber 2 mm thick, unless otherwise indicated in the working documentation.
Cable line marking
3.103. Each cable line must be marked and have its own number or name.
3.104. Labels must be installed on exposed cables and cable joints.
On cables laid in cable structures, tags must be installed at least every 50-70 m, as well as in places where the direction of the route changes, on both sides of passages through interfloor ceilings, walls and partitions, in places where cables enter (exit) into trenches and cable structures.
On hidden cables in pipes or blocks, tags should be installed at the end points at the end couplings, in the wells and chambers of the block sewer system, as well as at each connecting coupling.
On hidden cables in trenches, tags are installed at the end points and at each coupling.
3.105. Tags should be used: in dry rooms - made of plastic, steel or aluminum; in damp rooms, outside buildings and in the ground - made of plastic.
Designations on tags for underground cables and cables laid in rooms with a chemically active environment should be made by stamping, punching or burning. For cables laid in other conditions, markings may be applied with indelible paint.
3.106. Tags must be secured to the cables with nylon thread or galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 1-2 mm, or plastic tape with a button. The place where the tag is attached to the cable with wire and the wire itself in damp rooms, outside buildings and in the ground must be covered with bitumen to protect it from moisture.
CURRENT CONDUCTORS WITH VOLTAGE UP TO 35 kV
Current conductors with voltage up to 1 kV (busbars)
3.107. Sections with compensators and flexible sections of the main busbar trunking must be secured to two supporting structures installed symmetrically on both sides of the flexible part of the busbar trunking section. The busbar trunking should be fastened to supporting structures in horizontal sections using clamps that allow the busbar trunking to move when the temperature changes. Busbars laid in vertical sections must be rigidly secured to structures with bolts.
For ease of removal of covers (casing parts), as well as to ensure cooling, the busbar should be installed with a gap of 50 mm from the walls or other building structures of the building.
Pipes or metal hoses with wires must be inserted into branch sections through holes made in the busbar trunking casings. Pipes should be terminated with bushings.
3.108. The permanent connection of the busbar sections of the main busbar trunking must be made by welding; the connections of the distribution and lighting busbar trunkings must be dismountable (bolted).
The connection of trolley busbar sections must be carried out using special connecting parts. The current collection carriage must move freely along the guides along the slot of the box of the mounted trolley busbar.
Open conductors with voltage 6-35 kV
3.109. These rules must be observed when installing rigid and flexible conductors with a voltage of 6-35 kV.
3.110. As a rule, all work on the installation of current conductors must be carried out with preliminary preparation of units and sections of blocks at procurement and assembly sites, workshops or factories.
3.111. All connections and branches of buses and wires are made in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs. 3.8; 3.13; 3.14.
3.112. In places of bolted and hinged connections, measures must be provided to prevent self-unscrewing (cotter pins, lock nuts - lock, disc or spring washers). All fasteners must have an anti-corrosion coating (zinc plating, passivation).
3.113. Installation of supports for open current conductors is carried out in accordance with paragraphs. 3.129-3.146.
3.114. When adjusting the suspension of a flexible conductor, uniform tension of all its links must be ensured.
3.115. Connections of flexible conductor wires should be made in the middle of the span after the wires have been rolled out before they are drawn out.
OVERHEAD POWER LINES
Cutting clearings
3.116. The clearing along the overhead line route must be cleared of felled trees and shrubs. Commercial timber and firewood must be stacked outside the clearing.
The distances from wires to green spaces and from the axis of the route to stacks of combustible materials must be indicated in the project. Cutting down bushes on loose soils, steep slopes and areas flooded during floods is not allowed.
3.117. Burning of branches and other logging residues should be carried out within the permitted period of time.
3.118. Wood left in stacks on the overhead line route for the fire-hazardous period, as well as the “shafts” of logging residues remaining during this period, should be bordered by a mineralized strip 1 m wide, from which grass vegetation, forest litter and other combustible materials should be completely removed down to the mineral layer soil.
Construction of pits and foundations for supports
3.119. The construction of foundation pits should be carried out in accordance with the work rules set out in SNiP III-8-76 and SNiP 3.02.01-83.
3.120. Excavation pits for support racks should, as a rule, be developed using drilling machines. The development of pits must be carried out to the design level.
3.121. The development of pits in rocky, frozen, and permafrost soils may be carried out using explosions for “throwing out” or “loosening” in accordance with the Uniform Safety Rules for Blasting Works, approved by the State Mining and Technical Supervision Authority of the USSR.
In this case, the pits should be shortened to the design mark by 100-200 mm, followed by finishing with jackhammers.
3.122. Pits should be drained by pumping out water before installing foundations.
3.123. In winter, the development of pits, as well as the installation of foundations in them, should be carried out in an extremely short time, to prevent freezing of the bottom of the pits.
3.124. The construction of foundations on permafrost soils is carried out while preserving the natural frozen state of the soil in accordance with SNiP II-18-76 and SNiP 3.02.01-83.
3.125. Prefabricated reinforced concrete foundations and piles must meet the requirements of SNiP 2.02.01-83, SNiP II-17-77, SNiP II-21-75, SNiP II-28-73 and the design of standard structures.
When installing prefabricated reinforced concrete foundations and driving piles, one should be guided by the rules of work set out in SNiP 3.02.01-83 and SNiP III-16-80.
When installing monolithic reinforced concrete foundations, you should be guided by SNiP III-15-76.
3.126. Welded or bolted joints of racks with foundation slabs must be protected from corrosion. Before welding, joint parts must be free of rust. Reinforced concrete foundations with a concrete protective layer thickness of less than 30 mm, as well as foundations installed in aggressive soils, must be protected with waterproofing.
Pickets with an aggressive environment must be specified in the project.
3.127. Backfilling of pits with soil should be carried out immediately after the construction and alignment of the foundations. The soil must be thoroughly compacted by layer-by-layer compaction.
Templates used for constructing foundations should be removed after backfilling to at least half the depth of the pits.
The height of backfilling pits should be taken taking into account possible soil settlement. When embanking foundations, the slope should have a steepness of no more than 1: 1.5 (the ratio of the height of the slope to the base), depending on the type of soil.
The soil for backfilling pits should be protected from freezing.
3.128. Tolerances for the installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete foundations are given in table. 5.
Table 5
|
Deviations |
Tolerances for supports |
|
|
free-standing |
with guy ropes |
|
|
Pit bottom levels Distances between the axes of foundations in plan Markings of the top of the foundations* Angle of inclination of the longitudinal axis of the foundation post Angle of inclination of the axis of the V-shaped anchor bolt Offset of the foundation center in plan |
||
__________________
* The difference in elevations must be compensated when installing the support using steel spacers.
Assembly and installation of supports
3.129. The size of the site for assembling and installing the support must be taken in accordance with technological map or the support assembly diagram specified in the PPR.
3.130. When manufacturing, installing and accepting steel structures for overhead line supports, one should be guided by the requirements of SNiP III-18-75.
3.131. Cable stays for supports must have an anti-corrosion coating. They must be manufactured and marked before the supports are transported to the route and delivered to the pickets complete with the supports.
3.132. Installation of supports on foundations that are not completed and not completely covered with soil is prohibited.
3.133. Before installing supports using the rotation method using a hinge, it is necessary to protect the foundations from shear forces. In the direction opposite to lifting, a braking device should be used.
3.134. The nuts securing the supports must be tightened to the fullest and secured against self-unscrewing by punching the bolt threads to a depth of at least 3 mm. Two nuts must be installed on the foundation bolts of corner, transition, end and special supports, and one nut per bolt on intermediate supports.
When attaching a support to a foundation, it is allowed to install no more than four steel spacers with a total thickness of up to 40 mm between the fifth support and the upper plane of the foundation. The geometric dimensions of the spacers in plan must be no less than the dimensions of the support heel. The gaskets must be connected to each other and the fifth support by welding.
3.135. When installing reinforced concrete structures, you should be guided by the rules of work set out in SNiP III-16-80.
3.136. Before installing reinforced concrete structures received at the picket, you must once again check for the presence of cracks, cavities, potholes and other defects on the surface of the supports in accordance with those specified in clause 2.7.
If the factory waterproofing is partially damaged, the coating must be restored on the route by painting the damaged areas with molten bitumen (grade 4) in two layers.
3.137. Reliability of fastening in the ground of supports installed in drilled or open pits is ensured by compliance with the design depth for embedding the supports, crossbars, anchor plates and careful layer-by-layer compaction of the soil backfilling the pit sinuses.
3.138. Wooden supports and their parts must meet the requirements of SNiP II-25-80 and the design of standard structures.
When manufacturing and installing wooden overhead line supports, one should be guided by the rules of work set out in SNiP III-19-76.
3.139. For the manufacture of parts of wooden supports, coniferous timber should be used in accordance with GOST 9463-72*, factory-impregnated with antiseptics.
The quality of impregnation of support parts must comply with the standards established by GOST 20022.0-82, GOST 20022.2-80, GOST 20022.5-75*, GOST 20022.7-82, GOST 20022.11-79*.
3.140. When assembling wooden supports, all parts must be fitted to each other. The gap in the places of notches and joints should not exceed 4 mm. The wood at the joints must be free of knots and cracks. Notches, notches and splits must be made to a depth of no more than 20% of the log diameter. The correctness of notches and cuts must be checked using templates. Through gaps at the joints of working surfaces are not allowed. Filling cracks or other leaks between working surfaces with wedges is not allowed.
Deviation from the design dimensions of all parts of the assembled wooden support is allowed within the following limits: in diameter - minus 1 plus 2 cm, in length - 1 cm per 1 m. Minus tolerance in the manufacture of traverses from sawn timber is prohibited.
3.141. The holes in the wooden elements of the supports must be drilled. The hole for the hook drilled in the support must have a diameter equal to the internal diameter of the threaded part of the hook shank and a depth equal to 0.75 times the length of the threaded part. The hook must be screwed into the body of the support with the entire cut part plus 10-15 mm.
The diameter of the hole for the pin must be equal to the outer diameter of the pin shank.
3.142. Bandages for connecting attachments to a wooden support post must be made of soft galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 4 mm. It is allowed to use non-galvanized wire with a diameter of 5-6 mm for bandages, provided that it is coated with asphalt varnish. The number of turns of the bandage must be taken in accordance with the design of the supports. If one turn breaks, the entire bandage should be replaced with a new one. The ends of the wires of the bandage should be driven into the wood to a depth of 20-25 mm. It is allowed to use special clamps (with bolts) instead of wire bands. Each bandage (clamp) must mate no more than two parts of the support.
3.143. Wooden piles must be straight, straight-layered, free from rot, cracks and other defects and damage. The upper end of the wooden pile must be cut perpendicular to its axis in order to avoid deviation of the pile from the given direction during its immersion.
3.144. Tolerances for the installation of wooden and reinforced concrete single-post supports are given in table. 6.
3.145. Tolerances for the installation of reinforced concrete portal supports are given in table. 7.
3.146. Tolerances in the dimensions of steel structures of supports are given in table. 8.
USSR STATE COMMITTEE FOR CONSTRUCTION
BUILDING REGULATIONS
Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings SNiP 2.04.01-85*
DEVELOPED BY GPI Santekhproekt of the State Construction Committee of the USSR (Yu. N. Sargin), TsNIIEP of engineering equipment of the State Civil Engineering Committee (Candidate of Technical Sciences L. A. Shopensky), MNIITEP GlavAPU of the Moscow City Executive Committee (Candidate of Technical Sciences N. N. Chistyakov; I. B. Pokrovskaya ), Donetsk Industrial Construction Project of the State Construction Committee of the USSR (E. M. Zaitseva), SKTB Rostrubplast of the Roskolkhozstroyobedinenie (Candidate of Technical Sciences A. Ya. Dobromyslov), Research Institute Mosstroy (Candidate of Technical Sciences Ya. B. Alesker), NPO "Stroypolymer" ( Prof. V.S. Romeiko, V.A. Ustyugov), MGSU (Prof. V.N. Isaev), Mosvodokanalproekt (A.S. Verbitsky).
PREPARED FOR APPROVAL BY Glavtekhnormirovanie Gosstroy USSR (Gosstroy USSR) - B.V. Tambovtsev, V.A. Glukharev.
AGREED BY THE USSR Ministry of Health, GUPO USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.
SNiP 2.04.01-85* is a reissue of SNiP 2.04.01-85 with amendments No. 1, 2, approved by Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee of November 28, 1991 No. 20, dated July 11, 1996 No. 18-46 and amendments introduced by letter State Construction Committee of the USSR dated May 6, 1987 No. ACh-2358-8.
Items and tables to which changes have been made are marked in these building codes and regulations with an asterisk.
When using a regulatory document, you should take into account the approved changes to building codes and regulations and state standards published in the journal “Bulletin of Construction Technology” and the information index “State Standards”.
1. General Provisions
1.1 .These standards apply to the design of internal cold and hot water supply, sewerage and drainage systems under construction and reconstruction. .
1.2. When designing internal cold and hot water supply systems, sewerage and drains, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of other regulatory documents, approved or agreed upon by the Ministry of Construction of Russia.
1 . 3. These standards do not apply to the design of:
fire-fighting water supply systems of enterprises producing or storing explosive, flammable and combustible substances, as well as other facilities, the requirements for internal fire-fighting water supply of which are established by the relevant regulatory documents;
heating points;
hot water supply systems that supply water for the technological needs of industrial enterprises (including medical procedures) and water supply systems within technological equipment;
special industrial water supply systems (deionized water, deep cooling, etc.).
1.4. Internal water supply is a system of pipelines and devices that provides water supply to sanitary fixtures, fire hydrants and technological equipment, serving one building or a group of buildings and structures and having a common water measuring device from the water supply network of a settlement or industrial enterprise.
In the case of supplying water from the system for external fire extinguishing, the design of pipelines laid outside buildings must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.04.02-84*.
Internal sewerage - a system of pipelines and devices in a volume limited by the outer surfaces of enclosing structures and outlets up to the first inspection well, providing drainage Wastewater from sanitary fixtures and technological equipment and, if necessary, local treatment facilities, as well as rain and melt water into the sewerage network of the appropriate destination of a settlement or industrial enterprise.
Notes: 1. Hot water preparation should be provided at installations in accordance with the instructions for the design of heating points and heating units.
2. Local wastewater treatment plants should be designed in accordance with SNiP 2.04.03-85 and departmental building codes.
1.5. In all types of buildings erected in sewer areas, internal water supply and sewerage systems should be provided.
In unsewered areas of populated areas, internal water supply and sewerage systems with the installation of local treatment facilities Sewerage systems must be provided in residential buildings over two floors high and in hotels. nursing homes (in rural areas), hospitals, maternity hospitals, clinics, outpatient clinics, dispensaries, sanitary and epidemiological stations, sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses, pioneer camps, nurseries, boarding schools, educational institutions, secondary schools, cinemas, clubs, catering establishments, sports facilities, bathhouses and laundries.
Notes: 1.In production and auxiliary buildings, internal water supply and sewerage systems may not be provided in cases where the enterprise does not have a centralized water supply and the number of employees is no more than 25 people. per shift.
2. In buildings equipped with internal drinking or industrial water supply, it is necessary to provide an internal sewerage system.
1.6. In non-sewered areas of settlements, it is allowed to equip the following buildings (structures) with backlash closets or cesspools (without installing water supply inlets):
production and auxiliary buildings industrial enterprises with the number of employees up to 25 people. per shift;
residential buildings 1-2 floors high;
dormitories with a height of 1-2 floors for no more than 50 people;
pioneer camps with no more than 240 seats, used only in the summer;
Type I clubs;
open planar sports facilities;
catering establishments with no more than 25 seats.
Note. Backlash closets may be provided when designing buildings for climatic regions I-III.
1.7 . The need to install internal drains is established by the architectural and construction part of the project.
1.8. Pipes, fittings, equipment and materials used in the installation of internal systems of cold and hot water supply, sewerage and drains must comply with the requirements of these norms, state standards, norms and technical specifications approved in the prescribed manner.
When transporting and storing drinking water, you should use pipes, materials and anti-corrosion coatings approved by the Main Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision Authority of Russia for use in domestic drinking water supply practice.
1.9. The main technical decisions taken in projects and the order of their implementation must be justified by comparing indicators possible options. Technical and economic calculations should be performed for those options whose advantages (disadvantages) cannot be established without calculation.
The optimal calculation option is determined by the lowest value of the reduced costs, taking into account the reduction in the consumption of material resources, labor costs, electricity and fuel.
1.10. When designing, it is necessary to provide for the use of progressive technical solutions and work methods: mechanization of labor-intensive work, automation of technological processes and maximum industrialization of construction and installation work through the use of prefabricated structures, standard and standard products and parts manufactured in factories and procurement workshops.
1.11. The main letter designations adopted in these standards are given in the mandatory Appendix 1.
UPDATED EDITION OF SNIP 2.04.01-85*
Domestic water supply and drainage systems in buildings
SP 30.13330.2012
OKS 91.140.60,
OKS 91.140.80
Preface
Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation are established by Federal Law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002 “On Technical Regulation”, and the development rules are established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 No. 858 “On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules”.
Rulebook Details
1. Executors - OJSC SantekhNIIproekt, OJSC Scientific Research Center Construction.
2. Introduced by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction".
3. Prepared for approval by the Department of Architecture, Construction and Urban Development Policy.
4. Approved by Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) dated December 29, 2011 N 626 and put into effect on January 1, 2013.
5. Registered by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart). Revision of SP 30.13330.2010 "SNiP 2.04.01-85*. Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings."
Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in information system common use- on the official website of the developer (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) on the Internet.
Introduction
This set of rules is an updated edition of SNiP 2.04.01-85* “Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings”. The basis for the development of a regulatory document is: the federal law dated December 30, 2009 N 384-FZ "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", Federal Law N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", Federal Law N 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and Increasing Energy Efficiency".
The updating of SNiP was carried out by a team of authors: OJSC SantekhNIIproekt (candidate of technical sciences A.Ya. Sharipov, engineer T.I. Sadovskaya, engineer E.V. Chirikova), OJSC Mosproekt (engineers E.N. Chernyshev , K.D. Kunitsyna), NP "ABOK" (Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. Yu.A. Tabunshchikov, engineer A.N. Kolubkov), JSC "CNS" (engineer V.P. Bovbel) , Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation (engineer A.S. Verbitsky), State Unitary Enterprise "MosvodokanalNIIproekt" (engineer A.L. Lyakmund).
1 area of use
1.1. This set of rules applies to the designed and reconstructed internal systems of cold and hot water supply, sewerage and drains of buildings and structures (hereinafter referred to as buildings) for various purposes with a height of up to 75 meters.
1.2. These rules do not apply to:
for internal fire water supply of buildings and structures;
automatic water fire extinguishing systems;
heating points;
hot water treatment plants;
hot water supply systems that supply water for medical procedures, technological needs of industrial enterprises and water supply systems within technological equipment;
special industrial water supply(deionized water, deep cooling, etc.).
This set of rules uses references to the following regulatory documents:
SP 5.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design standards and rules
SP 10.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Internal fire water supply. Fire safety requirements
SP 21.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.01.09-91 Buildings and structures in undermined areas and subsidence soils"
SP 31.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.04.02-84* Water supply. External networks and structures"
SP 32.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. External networks and structures"
SP 54.13330.2011 "SNiP 31-01-2003 Residential multi-apartment buildings"
SP 60.13330.2012 "SNiP 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"
SP 61.13330.2012 "SNiP 41-03-2003 Thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines"
SP 73.13330.2012 "SNiP 3.05.01-85 Internal sanitary systems of buildings"
SP 118.13330.2012 "SNiP 31-06-2009 Public buildings and structures"
SP 124.13330.2012 "SNiP 41-02-2003 Heating networks"
GOST 17.1.2.03-90 Nature conservation. Hydrosphere. Criteria and indicators of water quality for irrigation
SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control. Hygienic requirements for ensuring the safety of hot water supply systems
SanPiN 2.1.4.2496-09 Hygienic requirements for ensuring the safety of hot water supply systems
SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises
SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 Noise in workplaces, in residential and public buildings and in residential areas
SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.566-96 Industrial vibration, vibration in the premises of residential and public buildings.
Note. When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website national authority of the Russian Federation on standardization on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly information index published this year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this set of rules you should be guided by the replacing (changed) document. If the reference document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference to it is given applies to the part that does not affect this reference.
3. Terms and definitions
This document uses terms whose definitions are adopted according to the Rules for Using the Systems public water supply and sewerage in the Russian Federation, approved, as well as following terms with the corresponding definitions:
3.1. Subscriber: legal entity, as well as entrepreneurs without education legal entity that own, have economic management or operational management of objects, water supply and (or) sewerage systems that are directly connected to public water supply and (or) sewerage systems, and have concluded an agreement with the water supply and sewerage organization in the prescribed manner for the supply (receipt) of water and (or) reception (discharge) of wastewater;
3.2. Accident engineering systems: damage or failure of water supply, sewerage systems or individual structures, equipment, devices, resulting in the cessation or significant reduction in the volume of water consumption and wastewater disposal, the quality of drinking water or causing damage environment, property of legal or individuals and public health;
3.3. Water consumption balance: the volume of water used per year for drinking, sanitary, fire-fighting, industrial needs and their satisfaction from all sources of water supply, including drinking water supply, recycled water supply, collection and treatment of storm drains, etc.;
3.4. Internal sewerage system (internal sewerage): a system of pipelines and devices within the boundaries of the external contour of a building and structures, limited by outlets to the first inspection well, ensuring the disposal of waste, rain and melt water into the sewerage network of the appropriate destination of the settlement or enterprise;
3.5. Internal water supply system (internal water supply): a system of pipelines and devices that provides water supply to sanitary fixtures, technological equipment and fire hydrants within the boundaries of the external contour of the walls of one building or group of buildings and structures and has a common water-measuring device from the external water supply networks of the populated area point or enterprise. In special natural conditions the boundary of the internal water supply is calculated from the control well closest to the building (structure);
3.6. Water and sewerage devices and structures for connection to water supply and sewerage systems (water supply inlet or sewerage outlet): devices and structures through which the subscriber receives drinking water from the water supply system and (or) discharges wastewater into the sewerage system;
3.7. Water consumption: the use of water by the subscriber (sub-subscriber) to meet their needs;
3.8. Water supply: a technological process that ensures the collection, preparation, transportation and transfer of drinking water to subscribers;
3.9. Water disposal: a technological process that ensures the reception of wastewater from subscribers with its subsequent transfer to sewerage treatment facilities;
3.10. Water supply network: a system of pipelines and structures on them intended for water supply;
3.11. Guaranteed pressure: pressure at the subscriber's inlet, which is guaranteed to be provided by the water supply organization according to technical conditions;
3.12. Sewer network: a system of pipelines, collectors, canals and structures on them for the collection and disposal of wastewater;
3.13. Ventilated sewer riser: a riser that has an exhaust part and through it a connection with the atmosphere, facilitating air exchange in the pipelines of the sewer network;
3.14. Ventilated valve: a device that allows air to pass in one direction - following the liquid moving in the pipeline and does not allow air to pass in the opposite direction;
3.15. Unventilated sewer riser: a riser that has no communication with the atmosphere. Non-ventilated risers include:
a riser that does not have an exhaust part;
riser equipped with a ventilation valve;
a group (at least four) of risers connected at the top by a collection pipeline, without an exhaust part;
3.16. Local treatment facilities: structures and devices designed to treat wastewater from a subscriber (sub-subscriber) before discharge (reception) into the public sewer system or for use in the recycling water supply system;
3.17. Water consumption (wastewater disposal) limit: the maximum volume of supplied (received) drinking water and received (discharged) wastewater for a certain period of time established to the subscriber by technical conditions;
3.18. Organization of water supply and sewerage services ("Vodokanal"): an enterprise (organization) that supplies water from the water supply system and (or) receives wastewater into the sewerage system and operates these systems;
3.19. Drinking water: water after treatment or in its natural state, meeting hygienic requirements sanitary standards and intended for drinking and domestic needs of the population and (or) food production;
3.20. Capacity of a device or structure for connection: the ability of a water supply inlet (sewer outlet) to pass the calculated amount of water (wastewater) under a given mode for a certain time;
3.21. Estimated water consumption: consumption standards based on research and operational practice, taking into account the main influencing factors (number of consumers, number of sanitary fixtures, occupancy of apartments in residential buildings, volume of production, etc.);
calculated water consumption and consumption rates cannot be used to determine the actual volume of water consumption and commercial calculations;
3.22. Estimated wastewater costs: justified by research and operational practice, the values of costs predicted for the sewerage facility as a whole or part of it, taking into account influencing factors (number of consumers, number and characteristics of sanitary fixtures and equipment, capacity of drainage pipelines, etc.);
3.23. Permitting documentation: permission to connect to water supply (sewage) systems, issued by authorities local government in agreement with local services of Rospotrebnadzor, and technical conditions for connection issued by the water supply and sewerage organization;
3.24. Mode of supply (receipt) of drinking water: guaranteed flow (hourly, second) and free pressure at a given characteristic water consumption for the needs of the subscriber;
3.25. Open hot water collection system: collection of hot water directly from the heating system network;
3.26. Closed hot water system: heating water for hot water supply in heat exchangers and water heaters;
3.27. Recycling water supply system: treatment system in local treatment facilities and reuse of wastewater for economic and technological needs;
3.28. Composition of wastewater: characteristics of wastewater, including a list of pollutants and their concentration;
3.29. Measuring instrument (device): a technical instrument intended for measurements, having standardized metrological characteristics, reproducing and (or) storing a unit of physical quantity, the size of which is assumed unchanged (within the established error) for a certain time interval, and authorized for use for commercial purposes. accounting. According to the design specifications, the device must also have the ability to transmit data remotely;
3.30. Wastewater: water resulting from economic activity humans (domestic wastewater) and subscribers after using water from all sources of water supply (drinking, technical, hot water supply, steam from heat supply organizations);
3.31. Metering unit for consumed drinking water and discharged wastewater (metering unit): a set of instruments and devices that ensure accounting of the amount of consumed (received) water and discharged (received) wastewater;
3.32. Centralized system water supply: a complex of engineering structures in populated areas for the collection, preparation, transportation and transfer of drinking water to subscribers;
3.33. Centralized sewerage system: a complex of engineering structures in populated areas for collecting, purifying and discharging wastewater into water bodies and treating sewage sludge.
4. General provisions
4.1. Pipelines for water supply systems (including external fire extinguishing) and sewerage systems laid outside buildings must comply with the standards for external water supply and sewerage networks (SP 31.13330 and SP 32.13330).
4.2. The preparation of hot water should be provided in accordance with the standards for heating networks SP 124.13330.
4.3. In buildings of any purpose erected in sewerage areas, internal water supply and sewerage systems should be provided.
The quality of wastewater after treatment in local installations must comply with the technical conditions for receiving it in the external sewerage network and departmental standards.
4.4. In non-sewered areas of populated areas, internal water supply systems with the installation of local apartment and/or collective drinking water purification systems and sewerage systems with the installation of local treatment facilities should be provided in residential buildings with a height of more than two floors, hotels, boarding homes for the disabled and elderly, hospitals, maternity hospitals, clinics, outpatient clinics, dispensaries, sanitary and epidemiological stations, sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses, sports and recreational institutions, preschool educational institutions, boarding schools, primary and secondary institutions vocational education, secondary schools, cinemas, clubs and leisure and entertainment institutions, catering establishments, sports facilities, baths and laundries.
Notes
1. According to the design assignment, it is allowed to install internal water supply and sewerage systems in unsewered areas of populated areas for one- and two-story residential buildings.
2. In production and auxiliary buildings, internal water supply and sewerage systems may not be provided in cases where the enterprise does not have a centralized water supply and the number of employees is no more than 25 people per shift.
3. In buildings equipped with internal drinking or industrial water supply, it is necessary to provide an internal sewage system.
4.5. In unsewered areas of populated areas, in agreement with local authorities Rospotrebnadzor allows the following buildings to be equipped with backlash closets or dry closets (without water supply inlets):
production and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises with the number of employees up to 25 people per shift;
residential buildings 1 - 2 floors high;
dormitories with a height of 1 - 2 floors for no more than 50 people;
physical education and recreational facilities with no more than 240 seats, used only in the summer;
club and leisure and entertainment institutions;
Notes
1. Backlash closets may be installed in buildings in climatic regions I - III.
2. Methods for disposing of the contents of backlash closets and dry closets are determined by the project according to the technical conditions of local utilities.
4.6. The need to install internal drains is established by the architectural and construction part of the project.
4.7. Pipes, fittings, equipment and materials used in the installation of internal systems of cold and hot water supply, sewerage and drains must comply with the requirements of these norms, national standards, sanitary and epidemiological norms and other documents approved in the prescribed manner.
To transport and store drinking water, pipes, materials and anti-corrosion coatings should be used that have passed sanitary and epidemiological examination and have the appropriate permits and certificates for use in domestic and drinking water supply.
Determination of estimated water and waste flow rates
4.8. For hydraulic calculation of water pipelines and selection of equipment, the following estimated hot and cold flow rates should be used: cold water :
daily water consumption (total, hot, cold) for the estimated time of water consumption, for which the average hourly consumption is established, m3/day;
maximum hourly water consumption (total, hot, cold), m3/h;
minimum hourly water consumption (total, hot, cold), m3/h;
maximum second water consumption (total, hot, cold), l/s.
Notes
1. The calculated average hourly and maximum second water flow rates should be taken in accordance with Table A.1 of Appendix A.
2. Estimated (specific) annual average daily water consumption in residential buildings per 1 person (l/day) should be taken according to Table A.2 of Appendix A.
3. Estimated (specific) annual average daily water consumption for various consumers (l/day) should be taken according to Table A.3 of Appendix A.
4.9. Estimated water flow rates in cold water pipelines should be determined depending on:
a) specific average hourly water consumption, l/h, related to one consumer or sanitary fixture;
b) the type and total number of water consumers and/or the type and total number of sanitary fixtures (for the water supply system as a whole or for individual sections of the design scheme of the water supply network). If the number of sanitary fixtures (water collection points) is unknown, it is allowed to take the number of fixtures equal to the number of consumers.
4.10. Estimated water flow rates in hot water pipelines should be determined:
ConsultantPlus: note.
There appears to be a typo in the official text of the document: in paragraph 4.2, subparagraphs a) and b) are missing.
for water withdrawal mode - similar to 4.2 a), b) taking into account the residual circulation flow in areas from the place of heating to the place of first water withdrawal;
for circulation mode - in thermal-hydraulic calculation.
4.11. For risers of sewerage systems, the calculated flow rate is the maximum second flow rate of wastewater from sanitary fixtures connected to the riser, which does not cause the breakdown of hydraulic valves of any types of sanitary fixtures (wastewater receivers). This flow rate should be determined as the sum of the calculated maximum second flow rate of water from all sanitary fixtures, determined according to Table A.1 of Appendix A, and the calculated maximum second flow rate of flow from the device with maximum water removal (should, as a rule, take the maximum second flow rate of flow from the flush toilet cistern equal to 1.6 l/s).
4.12. For horizontal outlet pipelines of sewerage systems, the design flow rate should be considered the flow rate, the value of which is calculated depending on the number of sanitary fixtures N connected to the design section of the pipeline, and the length of this section of the pipeline L, m, according to the formula
where is the total maximum hourly water flow in the design area, m3/h;
- coefficient accepted according to table 1;
- estimated maximum wastewater flow, l/s, from the device with maximum water removal.
Table 1
Values depending on the number of devices N
and length of the outlet pipeline
N Length of outlet (horizontal) pipeline, m
1 3 5 7 10 15 20 30 40 50 100 500 1000
4 0,61 0,51 0,46 0,43 0,40 0,36 0,34 0,31 0,27 0,25 0,23 0,15 0,13
8 0,63 0,53 0,48 0,45 0,41 0,37 0,35 0,32 0,28 0,26 0,24 0,16 0,13
12 0,64 0,54 0,49 0,46 0,42 0,39 0,36 0,33 0,29 0,26 0,24 0,16 0,14
16 0,65 0,55 0,50 0,47 0,43 0,39 0,37 0,33 0,30 0,27 0,25 0,17 0,14
20 0,66 0,56 0,51 0,48 0,44 0,40 0,38 0,34 0,30 0,28 0,25 0,17 0,14
24 0,67 0,57 0,52 0,48 0,45 0,41 0,38 0,35 0,31 0,28 0,26 0,17 0,15
28 0,68 0,58 0,53 0,49 0,46 0,42 0,39 0,36 0,31 0,29 0,27 0,18 0,15
32 0,68 0,59 0,53 0,50 0,47 0,43 0,40 0,36 0,32 0,30 0,27 0,18 0,15
36 0,69 0,59 0,54 0,51 0,47 0,43 0,40 0,37 0,33 0,30 0,28 0,19 0,16
40 0,70 0,60 0,55 0,52 0,48 0,44 0,41 0,37 0,33 0,31 0,28 0,19 0,16
100 0,77 0,69 0,64 0,60 0,56 0,52 0,49 0,45 0,40 0,37 0,34 0,23 0,20
500 0,95 0,92 0,89 0,88 0,86 0,83 0,81 0,77 0,73 0,70 0,66 0,50 0,44
1000 0,99 0,98 0,97 0,97 0,96 0,95 0,94 0,93 0,91 0,90 0,88 0,77 0,71
Note. The length of the outlet pipeline should be taken
distance from the last riser on the design section to the nearest
connecting the next riser or, in the absence of such connections,
to the nearest sewer well.
5. Plumbing system
5.1. Water quality and temperature in the water supply system
5.1.1. The quality of cold and hot water (sanitary and epidemiological indicators) supplied for household and drinking needs must comply with SanPiN 2.1.4.1074 and SanPiN 2.1.4.2496. The quality of water supplied for production needs is determined by the design specifications (technological requirements).
5.1.2. The temperature of hot water at water supply points must comply with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074 and SanPiN 2.1.4.2496 and, regardless of the heat supply system used, must be no lower than 60 °C and no higher than 75 °C.
Note. The requirement of this paragraph does not apply to places of water collection for production (technological) needs, as well as to places of water collection for the needs of service personnel of these institutions.
5.1.3. In children's premises preschool institutions the temperature of hot water supplied to the water fittings of showers and washbasins should not exceed 37 °C.
5.1.4. The choice of hot water preparation scheme and, if necessary, its treatment should be carried out in accordance with SP 124.13330.
5.1.5. In hot water supply systems of public catering establishments and others, whose consumers require water with a temperature higher than that specified in 5.1.2, additional heating of water should be provided in local water heaters.
5.1.6. IN populated areas and at enterprises, in order to save potable quality water, with a feasibility study and in agreement with Rospotrebnadzor authorities, it is allowed to supply non-potable quality water to urinals and toilet flush tanks.
5.2. Cold and hot water plumbing systems
5.2.1. Cold water supply systems can be centralized or local. The choice of a building's internal water supply system (centralized or local) should be made depending on sanitary, hygienic and fire safety requirements, production technology requirements, as well as taking into account the adopted external water supply scheme.
A hot water supply system should, as a rule, have a closed water supply with the preparation of hot water in heat exchangers and water heaters (water-water, gas, electric, solar, etc.). According to the design assignment, it is allowed to provide a hot water supply system in the building with an open (directly from the heating network) water supply.
5.2.2. In buildings (structures), depending on their purpose, internal water supply systems should be provided:
household and drinking water;
hot;
fire protection according to 5.3;
negotiable;
production
The fire-fighting water supply system in buildings with drinking water or industrial water supply systems should, as a rule, be combined with one of them, provided that the requirements of SP 10.13130 and this set of rules are met:
utility and drinking water supply with fire-fighting water supply (service and fire-fighting water supply);
industrial water supply with fire-fighting water supply (industrial and fire-fighting water supply);
Networks of cold and hot drinking water supply systems are not allowed to be combined with networks of water supply systems supplying non-potable water.
5.2.3. Internal water supply systems (domestic and drinking, hot water supply, industrial, fire protection) include: inputs into buildings, metering units for cold and hot water consumption, distribution network, risers, connections to sanitary appliances and technological installations, water supply, mixing, shut-off and control valves. Depending on local conditions and production technology, it is allowed to provide spare (battery) and control tanks in the internal water supply system.
5.2.4. The choice of heating and water treatment scheme for centralized hot water supply systems should be provided in accordance with SP 124.13330.
5.2.5. In centralized hot water supply systems, if it is necessary to maintain the water temperature in places where water is drawn at least as specified in 5.1.2, a hot water circulation system should be provided during the period when water is not drawn.
In hot water supply systems with time-regulated consumption of hot water, hot water circulation may not be provided if its temperature at the water supply points does not drop below that established in 5.1.2.
5.2.6. Heated towel rails installed in bathrooms and shower rooms to maintain a given air temperature in them in accordance with SP 60.13330 and SanPiN 2.1.2.2645 should be connected to the supply pipelines of the hot water supply system or to the consumer's power supply system. When justified, heated towel rails may be connected to the circulation pipes of the hot water supply system, provided that a shut-off valve and a closing section are installed.
5.2.7. In residential and public buildings with a height of more than 4 floors, water risers should be combined by ring jumpers into sectional units with each water outlet connected by one circulation pipeline to the prefabricated circulation pipeline of the system.
From three to seven water risers should be combined into sectional units. Ring jumpers should be laid: in a warm attic, in a cold attic if the pipes are thermally insulated, under the ceiling of the upper floor when supplying water to the water risers from below, or in the basement when supplying water to the risers from above.
5.2.8. In a hot water supply system, connecting water taps to circulation pipelines is not allowed.
5.2.9. Pipelines of hot water supply systems, except for connections to appliances, should be insulated to protect against heat loss. Pipelines of the cold water supply system (except for dead-end fire risers) laid in channels, shafts, sanitary cabins, tunnels, as well as in rooms with high humidity, should be insulated to prevent moisture condensation in accordance with SP 61.13330.
5.2.10. The hydrostatic pressure in the drinking water or fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest located sanitary fixture should be no more than 0.45 MPa (for buildings designed in existing buildings no more than 0.6 MPa), at the level of the highest located devices - according to the passport data of these devices, and in the absence of such data, not less than 0.2 MPa.
In the fire-fighting water supply system, during fire extinguishing, it is allowed to increase the pressure to 0.6 MPa at the level of the lowest located sanitary fixture.
In a two-zone fire-fighting water supply system (in schemes with overhead piping), in which fire risers are used to supply water to the upper floor, the hydrostatic pressure should not exceed 0.9 MPa at the level of the lowest located sanitary fixture.
5.2.11. When the design pressure in the network exceeds the pressure specified in 5.2.10, it is necessary to provide devices (pressure regulators) that reduce the pressure. Pressure regulators installed in the drinking water supply system must provide after themselves the design pressure both in static and dynamic modes of operation of the system. In buildings where the design water pressure of sanitary fixtures, water taps and mixing fittings exceeds the permissible values specified in 5.2.10, the use of fittings with built-in water flow regulators is allowed.
5.3. Fire water systems
5.3.1. For residential, public, as well as administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, as well as for industrial and warehouse buildings, the need to install an internal fire-fighting water supply system, as well as the minimum water consumption for fire extinguishing, should be determined in accordance with the requirements of SP 10.13130.
5.3.2. For integrated fire-fighting water supply systems, the pipeline networks should be taken according to the highest calculated water flow and pressure:
for water consumption needs in accordance with this set of rules;
for fire extinguishing needs in accordance with SP 10.13130.
5.4. Cold and hot water supply networks
5.4.1. Cold water supply networks should be:
dead-end, if a break in the water supply is allowed and the number of fire hydrants is less than 12;
ring or with looped inputs with two dead-end pipelines with branches to consumers from each of them to ensure a continuous supply of water;
ring fire risers for a combined service and fire water supply system in buildings with a height of 6 floors or more. At the same time, to ensure the replacement of water in the building, it is necessary to provide for a ringing of fire risers with one or several water risers with the installation of shut-off valves.
5.4.2. Two or more inputs should be provided for buildings:
residential with more than 400 apartments, clubs and leisure and entertainment institutions with a stage, cinemas with more than 300 seats;
theaters, clubs and leisure and entertainment institutions with a stage, regardless of the number of seats;
baths with a number of places of 200 or more;
laundries for 2 or more tons of linen per shift;
buildings with 12 or more fire hydrants;
with ring cold water networks or with looped inputs in accordance with 5.4.1;
buildings equipped with sprinkler and deluge systems in accordance with SP 5.13130 with more than three control units.
5.4.3. When installing two or more inlets, provision should be made for connecting them, as a rule, to different sections of the outer ring water supply network. Shut-off devices should be installed between inputs to the building on the external network to ensure water supply to the building in the event of an accident in one of the network sections.
5.4.4. If it is necessary to install pumps in a building to increase pressure in the internal water supply network, the inlets must be combined in front of the pumps with the installation of shut-off valves on the connecting pipeline to ensure water supply to each pump from any inlet.
When installing independent pumping units at each input, there is no need to combine inputs.
5.4.5. It is necessary to install check valves at the water supply inlets, if on the internal water supply network several inputs are installed, having measuring devices and interconnected by pipelines inside the building.
The horizontal clear distance between the inlets of the drinking water supply and the outlets of the sewerage system or drains should be no less than:
1.5 m - with an input pipeline diameter of up to 200 mm inclusive;
3 m - with an input pipeline diameter of more than 200 mm.
Joint installation of water supply inlets for various purposes is allowed.
5.4.6. On the inlet pipelines, stops should be provided at pipe turns in the vertical or horizontal plane, when the resulting forces cannot be absorbed by the pipe connections.
5.4.7. The intersection of the input pipeline with the walls of the building should be carried out:
in dry soils - with a gap of 0.2 m between the pipeline and building structures and sealing the hole in the wall with waterproof and gas-tight (in gasified areas) elastic materials; in wet soils - with the installation of seals.
5.4.8. The laying of distribution networks of cold and hot water supply pipelines in residential and public buildings should be provided in undergrounds, basements, technical floors and attics, and in the absence of attics - on the ground floor in underground channels together with heating pipelines or under the floor with a removable covering device, and also on building structures where open pipelines are allowed, or under the ceiling non-residential premises top floor.
5.4.9. Water risers and cold and hot water inlets into apartments and other premises, as well as shut-off valves, measuring instruments, regulators should be placed in communication shafts with the installation of special technical cabinets that provide free access to them for technical personnel.
The laying of risers and wiring may be provided in shafts, openly - along the walls of showers, kitchens and other similar premises, taking into account the placement of the necessary shut-off, regulating and measuring devices.
For premises with high finishing requirements, and for all networks with pipelines made of polymeric materials (except for pipelines in sanitary facilities), hidden installation should be provided.
Hidden installation of steel pipelines connected with threads (with the exception of elbows for connecting wall-mounted water fittings) without access to the butt joints is not permitted.
5.4.10. Laying water supply networks inside industrial buildings, as a rule, should be provided open - along trusses, columns, walls and under ceilings. It is allowed to provide for the placement of water pipelines in common channels with other pipelines, except for pipelines transporting flammable, combustible or toxic liquids and gases.
The joint laying of utility and drinking water pipelines with sewerage pipelines may be provided in through channels, while the sewerage pipelines should be placed below the water supply system.
Water pipelines may be laid in special channels during a feasibility study and according to design instructions.
Pipelines supplying water to process equipment may be laid in the floor or under the floor, with the exception of basements.
5.4.11. When installed together in channels with pipelines transporting hot water or steam, the cold water supply network must be placed below these pipelines with a thermal insulation device.
5.4.12. The laying of pipelines should be provided with a slope of at least 0.002; for justification, a slope of 0.001 is allowed.
5.4.13. Pipelines, except for fire risers, laid in channels, shafts, cabins, tunnels, as well as in rooms with high humidity, should be insulated from moisture condensation.
5.4.14. The installation of year-round internal cold water supply should be provided in rooms with air temperatures above 2 °C in winter. When laying pipelines in rooms with air temperatures below 2 °C, it is necessary to take measures to protect pipelines from freezing (electric heating or thermal support).
If it is possible to temporarily reduce the room temperature to 0 °C or lower, as well as when laying pipes in the area influenced by external cold air (near external entrance doors and gates), thermal insulation of the pipes should be provided.
5.4.15. Air release devices should be provided at the highest points of the pipelines of hot water supply systems. The release of air from the pipeline system is allowed through water fittings located at the highest points of the system (upper floors).
Drainage devices should be provided at the lowest points of pipeline systems, except in cases where water dispensing fittings are provided at these points.
5.4.16. When designing hot water supply networks, measures should be taken to compensate for temperature changes in pipe length.
5.4.17. Thermal insulation should be provided for supply and circulation pipelines of hot water supply systems, except for connections to water taps.
5.4.18. Pressure losses in sections of pipelines of cold and hot water supply networks, including when combining risers into water supply units, should be determined taking into account the roughness of the pipe material and the viscosity of water.
5.5. Calculation of the cold water supply network
5.5.1. Hydraulic calculations of cold water water supply networks must be made based on maximum second water flow rates. Hydraulic calculation of cold water pipelines includes: determination of estimated water flow rates, selection of diameters of supply pipelines, ring jumpers and risers, pressure losses and establishment of normalized free pressure at control points of water collection.
For groups of buildings for which hot water is prepared and/or water pressure is increased in separate (or internal) pumping stations and heating points, the determination of the estimated water flow rates and hydraulic calculations of pipelines should be carried out in accordance with these standards.
5.5.2. Networks of combined utility-fire-fighting and industrial-fire-fighting water supply systems must be checked to pass the calculated water flow for fire extinguishing at the calculated maximum second flow for household, drinking and production needs. At the same time, water costs for using showers, washing floors, and watering the territory are not taken into account.
Hydraulic calculation of water supply networks is carried out for design diagrams of ring networks without excluding any sections of the network, risers or equipment.
Note. For residential areas, during fire extinguishing and liquidation of an emergency on the external water supply network, it is allowed not to provide water supply to a closed hot water supply system.
5.5.3. When calculating utility, drinking and industrial networks, including those combined with a fire water supply system, it is necessary to ensure the necessary water pressure for devices located highest and furthest from the input.
5.5.4. Hydraulic calculations of water supply networks fed by several inputs should be made taking into account the shutdown of one of them.
With two inputs, each of them must be designed for 100% water flow.
5.5.5. The diameters of the pipes of internal water supply networks should be taken based on the use of the maximum guaranteed water pressure in the external water supply network.
The diameters of the ring jumper pipelines should be no less than the larger diameter of the water riser.
5.5.6. Speed of water movement in pipelines internal networks should not exceed 1.5 m/s with checking the throughput of pipelines of combined economic-fire-fighting and industrial-fire-fighting systems at a speed of 3 m/s.
The diameters of the pipelines of water risers in the water distribution unit should be selected according to the calculated maximum second water flow in the riser with a coefficient of 0.7.
5.6. Calculation of hot water supply network
5.6.1. Hydraulic calculation circulation systems Hot water supply should be carried out for two water supply modes (water intake and circulation):
a) determination of the calculated second water consumption, selection of the diameters of the supply pipelines and determination of pressure losses along the supply pipelines in water collection mode;
b) selection of diameters of circulation pipelines, determination of the required circulation flow per second and linking pressure losses along individual rings of hot water supply networks in circulation mode.
5.6.2. The selection of the diameters of the supply pipelines of hot water supply networks in water collection mode should be carried out at the calculated maximum second flow of hot water with a coefficient taking into account the residual circulation flow in water collection mode. The coefficient should be taken:
1.1 - for water heaters and sections of supply pipelines of hot water supply networks to the last water outlet of the main settlement branch;
1.0 - for other sections of supply pipelines.
In the minimum water withdrawal mode at night, the value of the circulation flow of hot water should be taken equal to 30 - 40% of the calculated average second water flow.
5.6.3. The diameters of the water risers in the water distribution unit should be selected according to the estimated maximum second water flow rate in the riser with a coefficient of 0.7, provided that the length of the ring jumpers from the place of the last water withdrawal (along the direction of water movement) of one water riser to a similar point in another water riser does not exceed the length of the water riser itself.
The diameters of the ring jumpers should be no less than the maximum diameter of the water riser.
5.6.4. In networks of open hot water withdrawal from pipelines of the heating network, pressure losses should be determined taking into account the pressure in the return pipeline of the heating network.
5.6.5. The circulation flow in hot water supply networks should be determined:
when distributing the circulation flow rate in proportion to heat loss (due to the variable resistance of the circulation risers) - according to the sum of heat losses of the supply pipelines and the temperature difference from the outlet of the heater to the point of water selection.
Changing the resistance of circulation risers must be done by selecting their diameter, using balancing valves, automatic control devices and throttling diaphragms (diameter of at least 10 mm).
5.6.6. If there is a ring jumper between the water risers, when calculating the heat loss of the water distribution unit, the heat loss of the pipelines of the ring jumper is taken into account.
5.6.7. Pressure losses in circulation mode in individual branches of the hot water supply system (including circulation pipelines) should not differ for different branches by more than 10%.
5.6.8. The speed of movement of hot water in the pipelines of the hot water supply system should not exceed 1.5 m/s.
SNiP 2.04.01-85*
BUILDING REGULATIONS
INTERNAL WATER PIPELINE AND
BUILDING SEWERAGE
Date of introduction 1986-07-01
DEVELOPED BY GPI Santekhproekt of the State Construction Committee of the USSR (Yu.N. Sargin), TsNIIEP of engineering equipment of the State Civil Engineering Committee (Candidate of Technical Sciences L.A. Shopensky), MNIITEP GlavAPU of the Moscow City Executive Committee (Candidate of Technical Sciences N.N. Chistyakov; I.B. Pokrovskaya ), Donetsk Industrial Construction Project of the USSR State Construction Committee (E.M. Zaitseva), SKTB Rostrubplast of the Roskolkhozstroyobedinenie (Candidate of Technical Sciences A.Ya. Dobromyslov), Mosstroy Research Institute (Candidate of Technical Sciences Ya.B. Alesker), NPO | Stroypolymer" (prof. V.S. Romeiko, V.A. Ustyugov), MGSU (prof. V.N. Isaev), Mosvodokanalproekt (A.S. Verbitsky).
INTRODUCED GPI Santekhproekt of the USSR State Construction Committee.
PREPARED FOR APPROVAL BY Glavtekhnormirovanie Gosstroi USSR (Ministry of Construction of Russia) - B.V. Tambovtsev, V.A. Glukharev.
APPROVED by Decree of the USSR State Committee for Construction Affairs dated October 4, 1985 No. 189.
AGREED BY THE USSR Ministry of Health, GUPO USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.
INSTEAD SNiP II-30-76 and SNiP II-34-76.
SNiP 2.04.01-85* is a reissue of SNiP 2.04.01-85 with amendment No. 1, approved by Resolution of the USSR State Construction Committee of November 28, 1991 No. 20, and amendment No. 2, approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of Russia of July 11, 1996 No. 18 -46.
Items and tables to which changes have been made are marked in these building codes and regulations with an asterisk.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. These standards apply to the design of internal cold and hot water supply, sewerage and drainage systems under construction and reconstruction.
1.2. When designing systems for internal cold and hot water supply, sewerage and drains, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of other regulatory documents approved or agreed upon by the Ministry of Construction of Russia.
1.3. These standards do not apply to the design of:
fire-fighting water supply systems of enterprises producing or storing explosive, flammable and combustible substances, as well as other facilities, the requirements for internal fire-fighting water supply of which are established by the relevant regulatory documents;
automatic fire extinguishing systems;
heating points;
hot water treatment plants;
hot water supply systems that supply water for the technological needs of industrial enterprises (including medical procedures) and water supply systems within technological equipment;
special industrial water supply systems (deionized water, deep cooling, etc.).
1.4. Internal water supply is a system of pipelines and devices that provides water supply to sanitary fixtures, fire hydrants and technological equipment, serving one building or a group of buildings and structures and having a common water-measuring device from the water supply network of a settlement or industrial enterprise.
In the case of supplying water from the system for external fire extinguishing, the design of pipelines laid outside buildings must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.04.02-84*.
Internal sewerage - a system of pipelines and devices in a volume limited by the outer surfaces of enclosing structures and outlets up to the first inspection well, ensuring the removal of wastewater from sanitary fixtures and technological equipment and, if necessary, local treatment facilities, as well as rain and melt water into the sewerage network appropriate purpose of a populated area or industrial enterprise.
Notes: 1. Hot water preparation should be provided for
installations in accordance with the thermal design guidelines
points and heating units.
2. Local wastewater treatment plants should be designed in accordance with
in accordance with SNiP 2.04.03-85 and departmental building standards.
1.5. In all types of buildings erected in sewer areas, internal water supply and sewerage systems should be provided.
In non-sewered areas of populated areas, internal water supply and sewerage systems with the installation of local sewage treatment facilities must be provided in residential buildings over two floors high, hotels, nursing homes (in rural areas), hospitals, maternity hospitals, clinics, outpatient clinics, dispensaries, sanitary and epidemiological stations, sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses, pioneer camps, nurseries, boarding schools, educational institutions, secondary schools, cinemas, clubs, catering establishments, sports facilities, bathhouses and laundries.
Notes: 1. In production and auxiliary buildings
internal water supply and sewerage systems are not allowed
provide in cases where the enterprise does not have
centralized water supply and the number of employees is no more
25 people per shift.
2. In buildings equipped with internal drinking water or
industrial water supply, it is necessary to provide a system
internal sewerage.
1.6. In non-sewered areas of settlements, it is allowed to equip the following buildings (structures) with backlash closets or cesspools (without installing water supply inlets):
production and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises with up to 25 employees. per shift;
residential buildings 1-2 floors high;
dormitories with a height of 1-2 floors for no more than 50 people;
pioneer camps with no more than 240 places, used only in the summer;
Type I clubs;
open planar sports facilities;
catering establishments with no more than 25 seats.
Note. Backlash closets may be provided when
designing buildings for climatic regions I-III.
1.7. The need to install internal drains is established by the architectural and construction part of the project.
1.8. Pipes, fittings, equipment and materials used in the installation of internal systems of cold and hot water supply, sewerage and drains must comply with the requirements of these norms, state standards, norms and technical specifications approved in the prescribed manner.
When transporting and storing drinking water, you should use pipes, materials and anti-corrosion coatings approved by the Main Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision Authority of Russia for use in domestic drinking water supply practice.
1.9. The main technical decisions taken in projects and the order of their implementation must be justified by comparing the indicators of possible options. Technical and economic calculations should be performed for those options whose advantages (disadvantages) cannot be established without calculation.
The optimal calculation option is determined by the lowest value of the reduced costs, taking into account the reduction in the consumption of material resources, labor costs, electricity and fuel.
1.10. When designing, it is necessary to provide for the use of progressive technical solutions and work methods: mechanization of labor-intensive work, automation of technological processes and maximum industrialization of construction and installation work through the use of prefabricated structures, standard and standard products and parts manufactured in factories and procurement workshops.
1.11. The main letter designations adopted in these standards are given in the mandatory Appendix 1.
2. WATER QUALITY AND TEMPERATURE
IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
2.1. The quality of cold and hot water supplied for domestic and drinking needs must comply with GOST 2874-82*. The quality of water supplied for production needs is determined by technological requirements.
2.2. The temperature of hot water at water intake points should be provided:
a) not lower than 60°C - for centralized hot water supply systems connected to open systems heat supply;
b) not lower than 50°C - for centralized hot water supply systems connected to closed systems heat supply;
c) not higher than 75°C - for all systems specified in subparagraphs | a" and | b".
2.3. In the premises of preschool institutions, the temperature of hot water supplied to the water fittings of showers and washbasins should not exceed 37°C.
2.4. At catering establishments and for other water consumers who need hot water at a temperature higher than that specified in clause 2.2, local water heaters should be provided for reheating the water.
2.5. The temperature of hot water supplied by water heaters to the distribution pipelines of centralized hot water supply systems must comply with the recommendations of the manual for the design of heating points.
2.6. In settlements and enterprises where sources of drinking water supply do not meet all the needs of consumers, with a feasibility study and in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities, it is allowed to supply non-potable quality water to urinals and toilet flush tanks.
3. DETERMINATION OF ESTIMATED COSTS
WATER IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS AND
SEWERAGE AND HEAT FOR NEEDS
HOT WATER SUPPLY
3.1. Cold, hot water supply and sewerage systems must provide water supply and wastewater disposal (flow) corresponding to the estimated number of water consumers or installed sanitary fixtures.
assigned to one device, the following should be determined:
a separate device - in accordance with mandatory Appendix 2;
various devices serving the same water consumers in the dead-end network section - in accordance with mandatory Appendix 3;
different devices serving different water consumers - according to the formula
|
Probability of action of sanitary fixtures determined for each group of water consumers according to clause 3.4; |
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Secondary water consumption (total, hot, cold), l/s, draw-off fittings (device), accepted in accordance with mandatory Appendix 3, for each group of water consumers. |
should be determined for the network as a whole and accepted the same for all
plots.
2. In residential and public buildings and structures for which
there is no information on water consumption and technical characteristics
l/s, should be determined by the formula
|
Secondary water flow, the value of which should be determined according to clause 3.2; |
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4 depending on the total number of devices N in the design area networks and the probability of their action P, calculated according to clause 3.4. At be guided by P > 0.1 and N |
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coefficient |
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|
applications 4. |
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With known calculated values of P, N and values of q(0) = 0.1; 0.14; 0.2; 0.3 l/s To calculate the maximum second water flow rate, it is allowed to use nomograms 1-4 of the recommended Appendix 4.
Notes: 1. Water flow at the end sections of the network should be
accepted according to calculation, but not less than the maximum second flow rate
water using one of the installed sanitary fixtures.
2. Water consumption for technological needs of industrial enterprises
should be determined as the sum of water consumption by process
equipment, provided that the operation of the equipment coincides in time.
3. For auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises, the value of q
may be determined as the amount of water consumption for domestic needs according to
formula (2) and shower needs - according to the number of installed shower nets according to
mandatory appendix 2.
b) with different groups of water consumers in a building (buildings) or structure (structures) for various purposes
Notes: 1. In the absence of data on the number of sanitary facilities
devices in buildings or structures, the P value can be determined
according to formulas (3) and (4), taking N = 0.
2. For several groups of water consumers, for which periods
the highest water consumption will not coincide by time of day,
the probability of the devices operating for the system as a whole is acceptable
calculated using formulas (3) and (4) taking into account reduction factors,
determined during the operation of similar systems.
and hot water supply serving a group of devices, according to the formula
a) with identical water consumers in the building (buildings) or structure (structures) in accordance with mandatory Appendix 3;
b) with different water consumers in the building (buildings) or structure (structures) - according to the formula
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|
Note. In residential and public buildings (structures), according to
which lack information about the number and technical characteristics
sanitary appliances, it is allowed to accept:
|
depending on the total number of devices N served by the designed |
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system, and the likelihood of their use |
Calculated according to clause 3.7. |
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and N coefficient |
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Note. For auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises
use of showers and household and drinking needs, taken according to
mandatory Appendix 3 on the number of water consumers in the most
numerous shifts.
3.10. When designing direct water collection from the pipelines of a heating network for the needs of hot water supply, the average temperature of hot water in the water collection risers should be maintained at 65°C, and the hot water consumption rates should be taken in accordance with the mandatory Appendix 3 with a coefficient of 0.85, while the total amount of water consumed should not be changed .
3.11. The maximum hourly wastewater flow rate should be taken equal to the calculated flow rate determined in accordance with clause 3.8.
3.12. Daily water consumption should be determined by summing the water consumption of all consumers, taking into account the water consumption for irrigation. The daily flow of wastewater must be taken equal to water consumption without taking into account the water consumption for irrigation.
a) within an hour
WATER PIPES
4. COLD WATER WATER SYSTEMS
4.1. Internal water supply systems (drinking, industrial, fire) include: inputs to buildings, water metering units, distribution network, risers, connections to sanitary fixtures and technological installations, water supply, mixing, shut-off and control valves. Depending on local conditions and production technology, the internal water supply system should include pumping units and spare and control tanks connected to the internal water supply system.
4.2. The choice of internal water supply system should be made depending on the technical and economic feasibility, sanitary, hygienic and fire safety requirements, as well as taking into account the adopted external water supply system and the requirements of production technology.
Connecting household drinking water supply networks with water supply networks supplying non-potable water is not permitted.
4.3. For groups of buildings that differ in height by 10 m or more, measures should be taken to ensure the required water pressure in the water supply systems of these buildings.
4.4. Industrial water supply systems must meet technological requirements and not cause corrosion of equipment and pipelines, salt deposits and biological fouling of pipes and devices.
4.5. In buildings (structures), depending on their purpose, the following internal water supply systems should be provided:
household and drinking;
fire protection;
production (one or more).
The fire-fighting water supply system in buildings (structures) that have drinking or industrial water supply systems should, as a rule, be combined with one of them.
4.6. In production and auxiliary buildings, depending on the requirements of production technology and in accordance with the instructions for the construction design of enterprises, buildings and structures of various industries, in order to reduce water consumption, systems of circulating water supply and water reuse should be provided.
Note. When justifying circulating systems, it is not allowed
provide.
4.7. If technically possible, recycling water supply systems for cooling process solutions, products and equipment should be designed, as a rule, without breaking the stream with water supplied to the coolers using the residual pressure.
4.8. When designing water supply systems, it is necessary to take measures to reduce unproductive water consumption and reduce noise.
5. HOT WATER SYSTEMS
5.1. Depending on the mode and volume of hot water consumption for domestic and drinking needs of buildings and structures for various purposes, centralized water supply systems or local water heaters should be provided.
Note. If it is necessary to supply hot drinking water
quality for technological needs, it is allowed to provide for the supply
hot water simultaneously for domestic and drinking water and technological
5.2. It is not allowed to connect the pipelines of the hot water supply system with pipelines supplying hot water of non-potable quality for technological needs, as well as direct contact with technological equipment and installations of hot water supplied to the consumer with a possible change in its quality.
5.3. The choice of heating and water treatment scheme for centralized hot water supply systems should be made in accordance with SNiP 2.04.07-86* and | Guidelines for the design of heating points."
5.4. In centralized hot water supply systems, it is necessary to provide for the placement of water heating points, as a rule, in the center of the hot water consumption area.
5.5. It is permitted not to provide for the circulation of hot water in centralized hot water supply systems with time-regulated consumption of hot water, if its temperature at the water supply points does not drop below that established in Section. 2 of these standards.
5.6.* In buildings and premises of medical institutions, preschool and residential buildings, in bathrooms and showers it is necessary to install heated towel rails connected to hot water supply systems, as a rule, according to a scheme that ensures constant heating with hot water.
Notes: 1. When supplying hot water by centralized systems
hot water supply connected to heating networks with
direct water supply, it is allowed to connect
heated towel rails for independent heating systems
year-round use of bathrooms and showers.
2. Shut-off valves should be provided on heated towel rails
to turn them off in the summer.
5.7. In residential and public buildings over 4 floors high, groups of water risers should be combined with ring jumpers into sectional units with each sectional unit connected by one circulation pipeline to the combined circulation pipeline of the system. From three to seven water risers should be combined into sectional units. Ring jumpers should be laid in a warm attic, in a cold attic under a layer of thermal insulation, under the ceiling of the upper floor when supplying water to the water risers from below, or in the basement when supplying water to the water risers from above.
Note. It is allowed not to loop water risers when
the length of the ring jumper exceeding the total
length of circulation risers.
5.8. In buildings up to 4 floors high, as well as in buildings in which there is no possibility of laying ring jumpers, it is allowed to install heated towel rails:
on the circulation risers of the hot water supply system;
on a year-round bathroom heating system, while water risers and distribution pipelines should be laid together with heating pipelines in general insulation.
5.9. Connecting water taps to circulation risers and circulation pipelines is not permitted.
5.10. For rural populated areas and towns, the choice of the type of hot water supply system is determined by a technical and economic calculation.
5.11. The installation of storage tanks in a centralized hot water supply system should be provided in accordance with Section. 13.
5.12.* The pressure in the hot water supply system at sanitary appliances should be no more than 0.45 MPa (4.5 kgf/sq.cm).
6. FIRE WATER SYSTEMS
6.1.* For residential and public buildings, as well as administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, the need to install an internal fire-fighting water supply system, as well as the minimum water consumption for fire extinguishing, should be determined in accordance with Table. 1*, and for industrial and warehouse buildings - in accordance with table. 2.
The water consumption for fire extinguishing, depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray, should be clarified according to the table. 3.
The need to install automatic fire extinguishing systems must be taken in accordance with the requirements of the relevant estimated norms and rules and lists of buildings and premises to be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing equipment, approved by the ministries. In this case, the simultaneous operation of fire hydrants and sprinkler or deluge installations should be taken into account.
Table 1*
|
Residential, public and administrative buildings and premises |
Minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing, l/s, per jet |
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1. Residential buildings: |
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with the number of floors from 12 to 16 |
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the same, with a total corridor length of over 10 m |
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with the number of floors St. 16 to 25 |
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the same, with the total length of the corridor of St. 10 m |
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2. Office buildings: |
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height from 6 to 10 floors and volume up to |
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3. Clubs with a stage, theaters, cinemas, assembly and conference halls equipped with film equipment |
According to SNiP 2.08.02-89* |
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4. Dormitories and public buildings not listed in pos. 2: |
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with the number of floors up to 10 and volume from 5000 to 25000 cubic meters |
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the same, volume of St. 25000 cubic meters |
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with the number of floors St. 10 and volume up to |
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the same, volume of St. 25000 cubic meters |
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5. Administrative buildings industrial enterprises volume, cubic meters: |
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from 5000 to 25000 |
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Notes: 1. The minimum water flow rate for residential buildings can be taken equal to 1.5 l/s in the presence of fire nozzles, hoses and other equipment with a diameter of 38 mm. 2*. The volume of the building is taken to be the construction volume determined in accordance with SNiP 2.08.02-89*. |
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table 2
|
Degree of fire instability of buildings |
on fire danger |
Number of jets and minimum water consumption, l/s, per jet, for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and warehouse buildings up to 50 m high and volume, thousand cubic meters |
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|
St. 50 to 200 |
St. 200 to 400 |
St. 400 to 800 |
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Notes: 1. For laundry factories, fire extinguishing should be provided in the dry laundry processing and storage areas. 2. Water consumption for internal fire extinguishing in buildings or premises with a volume exceeding the values specified in table. 2, should be agreed upon in each specific case with the territorial fire authorities. 3. The number of jets and water consumption of one jet for buildings of fire resistance class: IIIb - buildings of predominantly frame construction. Frame elements made of solid or laminated wood and other combustible materials of enclosing structures (mainly wood) subjected to fire retardant treatment; IIIa - buildings predominantly with an unprotected metal frame and enclosing structures made of fireproof sheet materials with low-flammable insulation; IVa - predominantly one-story buildings with a metal unprotected frame and enclosing structures made of sheet fireproof materials with combustible insulation are accepted according to the specified table depending on the location of categories of production in them, both for buildings of II and IV fire resistance degrees, taking into account the requirements of paragraph 6.3* (equating fire resistance degrees IIIa to II, IIIb and IVa to IV). |
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Table 3
|
Height of the compact part of the jet or |
Produce activity fire department jets, l/s |
Pressure, m, y hot tap with sleeves length, m |
Produce activity fire department jets, l/s |
Pressure, m, y hot tap with sleeves length, m |
Produce activity fire department jets, l/s |
Pressure, m, y hot tap with sleeves length, m |
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premises, |
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Fire nozzle tip spray diameter, mm |
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Fire hydrants d = 50 mm |
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Fire hydrants d = 65 mm |
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