Using a steppe man. Natural Zone Steppe Russia: Where is the map, climate, soil, flora and fauna Features of man's economic activity in the steppe

How is the use of the steppe man, you will learn from this article.

Using man steppe

What is the steppe?

Steppe - This is a natural zone, which is located in the moderate and subtropical belts of the Earth. Her main feature is almost complete lack of wood vegetation. This is due to a small amount of precipitation, usually 250-500 mm per year. As a rule, the steppes are located in the inner areas of the mainland, since their formation occurred under the influence of severe climate continentality. The steppes occupy the huge spaces of North America and Eurasia, the eastern part of the South American subtropical belt (here they are called Pamp), the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.

Steppe zone: human use

Economic use of the steppe occurs in the most active way. The area has the most important areas of agriculture in the world. Its soils are the most fertile on the planet. Among them chernozem steppes of Southern Siberia and of Eastern Europe, Brown soils of America. The only problem with which farmers face is a lack of moisture, the impossibility in the winter period to grow plants. The steppe is an excellent area for growing agricultural plants: corn, wheat, sunflower, and eggplants and fruits.

The possibility of using steppe resources by a person is to develop deposits of minerals. Salted Lakes Ulza, Ebeit and the Medet Group are rich in the reserves of therapeutic mud, mineral salts, raps. They are actively used in the health resorts of the region for balneological purposes. Millions of tons of salts per year are mined in the lakes of the steppe. This is a cook salt, soda, Glaubers Salt (Mirable). From the Lake Ila make medicines for the treatment of nerve and skin diseases, bone tuberculosis and rheumatism.

All natural zones have long been mastered by a person. It actively leads economic activities, thereby changing the characteristics of natural zones. How does the human activity in natural zones differ?

Polar deserts

These are the most unsuitable for the farm of the region of Russia. The soil here is represented by the eternal Merzlot and is covered with ice. Therefore, there is no animal husbandry, no crop production. There is only fishing here.

In coastal areas, the songs are inhabited, whose fur is very appreciated in the world. There are active hunting on the sands, which can lead to the extinction of this species.

Fig. 1. The most unsuitable natural zone - Arctic desert

Tundra and Fierotundra

Natural conditions are not much better than in polar deserts. Only indigenous people live in Tundra. They are engaged in hunting, fishing, reindeer herding. What changes are the person here?

The soil of these areas is rich in gas and oil. Therefore, their prey is actively underway here. This leads to significant environmental pollution.

Forest zone

This includes taiga, mixed and broad-sized forests. The climate is moderate here, characterized by cold winter and relatively warm summer. Due to the large number of forests, vegetable and animal world. Favorable conditions allow you to flourish various types Human economic activity. In these regions built a large number of Factories and factories. Engaged in animal husbandry, agriculture, fishing, woodworking industry. This is one of the natural zones modified by man to the greatest extent.

Fig. 2. In the world there is an active deforestation of forests

Forest and steppes

These natural and economic zones are distinguished by a warm climate and insufficient precipitation. The soil here is the most fertile, and the animal world is very diverse. In these areas, agriculture and animal husbandry are trying most. It grows various varieties of vegetables and fruits, cereals. Coal and iron ore is actively produced. This leads to distortion of the relief and the destruction of certain types of animals and plants.

Semi-desert and desert

There are no most favorable conditions for human economic activities. The climate is hot and dry. The soil is deserted, not fertile. The main type of economic activity in the deserts is animal husbandry. The population here creates sheep, rams, horses. The need to graze animals leads to the final disappearance of vegetation.

Fig. 3. Livestock in the desert

Subtropics and tropics

This region is most strongly changed due to human activity. This is due to the fact that it was here that civilizations were born and the use of these localities occurs for a very long time.

Subtropical I. rainforests Practically cut down, and the territories are occupied by agricultural landings. Huge plots occupy fruit trees.

What did we know?

A person is engaged in economic activities in almost all natural zones of the world. This leads to their significant modification, which, ultimately, can lead to the disappearance of certain types of animals and plants.

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Types of steppes. Mountain (Croxerophilic) Mountain (Croxerophilic) Meadow or Difficult (Mesoxerophilic) Meadow or Difficult (Mesoxerophilic) Real (xerophilic) Real (xerophilic) Sazovy (Galloxophilic) Sazovy (halonophilic) deserted (supercerophilic) desert (supercerophilic)

Stepteeplezostephile Summer Steppe - the most converted natural zone. The steppe is the most converted natural zone. Continental climate Continental climate Moisturizing coefficient in the north 0.6; in the south of 0.3. Moisturizing coefficient in the north of 0.6; in the south of 0.3. Sedips from 250 to 450 mm per year. Sedips from 250 to 450 mm per year. Bezles, but there are ureses 1. Bezles, but there are ureses 1. Increased number of arid years. Increased number of arid years. Dark-chestnut soils. Dark-chestnut soils. The degree of deposit does not reach 70-80%. The degree of deposit does not reach 70-80%. average temperature Winter: from -0 0 s to C; Summer: from from to C. Middle temperature Winter: from -0 0 s to C; Summer: from from to C. Forestry-natural zone characterized by a combination of forest and steppe sites. Forestry-natural zone characterized by a combination of forest and steppe plots. Temperate climate. Temperate climate. Moisturizing coefficient in north 1; in the south of 0.6. Moisturizing coefficient in north 1; in the south of 0.6. Sedips from 300 to 450 mm. Sedips from 300 to 450 mm. The presence of fields and forest belt. The presence of fields and forest belt. Brown forest and turf-podzolic soils. Brown forest and turf-podzolic soils. The degree of deposit is 80%. The degree of deposit is 80%. The average temperature is winter: from from to C; Summer: from from to C. Middle temperature Winter: from from to C; Summer: from from to C. How the steppes differ from the forest-steppe?

Inland waters. Own river network of steppes and forest-steppes is rare and low-water. Own river network of steppes and forest-steppes is rare and low-water. Groundwater lies deeply, so they practically do not participate in the nutrition of rivers. Groundwater lies deeply, so they practically do not participate in the nutrition of rivers. In the summer of the river melting, which greatly complicates the water supply of the population and shipping even on large rivers. In the summer of the river Mel, which greatly complicates the water supply of the population and shipping even on large rivers. The population is rarelyocal, due to the fact that groundwater lies deeply. The population is rarelyocal, due to the fact that groundwater lies deeply. Wells dig to the depth of m, because On waterproof spaces, water supply is difficult. Wells dig to the depth of m, because On waterproof spaces, water supply is difficult.

Problems of steppe and forest-steppe. Wet years in the forest-steppe alternate with arid. Wet years in the forest-steppe alternate with arid. In the summer, hot and dry winds are blowing, which are most detrimental to cultivated plants. Wind erosion. In the summer, hot and dry winds are blowing, which are most detrimental to cultivated plants. Wind erosion. Soil-forming news and lessoidal loams are easily blurred. Soil erosion. Long-term soil unpack led to their exhaustion. Soil-forming news and lessoidal loams are easily blurred. Soil erosion. Long-term soil unpack led to their exhaustion. Erosion forms are dominated in the relief: river valleys, beams and ravines. Erosion forms are dominated in the relief: river valleys, beams and ravines. River network is rare and low-water. Water erosion. River network is rare and low-water. Water erosion. Deep groundwater occurrence. Deep groundwater occurrence. In the steppes, rodents are applied by agriculture. They destroy a significant part of the crop, damage to forest-pans. In the steppes, rodents are applied by agriculture. They destroy a significant part of the crop, damage to forest-pans. Deforestation. Deforestation.

Solution of problems. Conduct agrotechnical measures to combat droughts and soil erosion. Conduct agrotechnical measures to combat droughts and soil erosion. Soils are well "responding" to making fertilizers, due to their exhaustion. Soils are well "responding" to making fertilizers, due to their exhaustion. Steppe saucers play a positive role: after snowy and rain, the reserves of groundwater are replenished and weakened the soil flushing. Steppe saucers play a positive role: after snowy and rain, the reserves of groundwater are replenished and weakened the soil flushing. The wrestling of gophers is underway. The wrestling of gophers is underway.

Conclusions. The forest-steppe and steppes are most changed by man natural zones. Almost all natural landscapes are transformed, and the areas of untouched nature can only be found in reserves. Favorable climate, fertile soil caused active agriculture. However, the strongest anthropogenic press in nature has a negative side. Ravines and beams, these ulcers on the body of the Earth, became inevitable part of steppe landscapes. The forest-steppe and steppes are most changed by man natural zones. Almost all natural landscapes are transformed, and the areas of untouched nature can only be found in reserves. Favorable climate, fertile soil caused active agriculture. However, the strongest anthropogenic press in nature has a negative side. The ravines and beams, these ulcers on the body of the Earth, became an inevitable part of the steppe landscapes.

This video tutorial is designed to independently familiarize themselves with the theme "Population and the farm of the forest-steppe and steppe zones". From the lecture of the teacher, you will learn about what features of nature are peculiar to the forest-steppe and steppe zones. Discuss how they affect the population and the economy of these regions, as people change and guard them.

Topic: Natural and Economic Areas of Russia

Lesson: population and forestry and steppe zones

The purpose of the lesson: learn about the characteristics of the nature of the steppes and the forest-steppe and how they affect the life and economic activities of people.

Natural zones of forest-steppe and steppes are the most developed and modified natural zones of Russia. The forest-steppe and steppes are characterized by the conditions for the human life.

Fig. 1. Map of comfort of natural conditions ()

Real forest-steppes and steppes can now be seen only in reserves, all other territories are strongly changed by a person and are used mainly to conduct agriculture thanks to fertile soils.

Fig. 2. Rostov Reserve ()

Representatives of peoples steppe zone - Stepnyaki, conducted a nomadic lifestyle, was engaged in cattle breeding. Top peoples include Kalmykov, Tuvintsev, Kazakhs, Buryat, Kazakhs and others.

The steppes are open flat or hilly landscapes where herbs growing, cereals, flowers.

In the steppes and forest-steppe people actively engaged in animal husbandry and agriculture. In the steppes are breeding goats and sheep, horses and camels, cattle. Some farms are breeding fish, fur animals, bird.

Fig. 4. Breeding poultry ()

Fig. 5. flock of sheep in the steppe ()

On the Yule of the Urals in the Orenburg region, the famous goats are divorced, their wool is so thin that the Orenburg handkerchief bound from this wool can be returned to the engagement ring. Actually as some people and check the authenticity of the Orenburg handkerchief.

In Buryatia and the foothills of the Caucasus are diluted with yaks.

One of the main problems of steppes and forest-steppes is a re-fall of livestock. Animals eat only certain plants, which, in turn, disappear. In addition, when reeling, vegetation is pulled out.

In the northern part of the steppes and forest-steppes are engaged in agriculture. Steppes and forest-steppe are the main residents of Russia, they grow wheat, corn, sunflower, sugar beet, vegetables and fruits here. For the protection against wind along the perimeter of the fields landfast strips are planted. In some places in the steppe rain, 85%!

Fig. 6. Sunflowers at sunset ()

As a result of the active economic activity of a person, many steppe species of plants and animals disappear, the soil loses their fertility, there is pollution of land with chemical fertilizers. Same negative influence On the nature of the steppe and forest-steppe zone has mining minerals (for example, iron Rud., coal), road construction, expansion of cities, towns. Therefore, the steppes and forest-steppes need protection. For this, reserves are created, reserves, measures are being held to rational use of the nature of these landscapes.

Fig. 7. Reserve "Black Lands" ()

The traditional housing of the peoples of the steppes is the yurt, which is a wooden frame, covered with felt.

Homework

Paragraph 36.

1. Give examples of man's economic activity in the forest-steppes and steppes.

Bibliography

Basic

1. Geography of Russia: studies. For 8-9 cl. general education. institutions / ed. A.I. Alekseeva: in 2 kN. Kn. 1: Nature and population. 8 CL- 4th ed., Stereotype. - M.: Drop, 2009. - 320 s.

2. Geography of Russia. Nature. 8 CL: student. For general education. institutions / I.I. Barinova. - M.: Drop; Moscow textbooks, 2011. - 303 p.

3. Geography. 8 cl.: Atlas. - 4th ed., Stereotype. - M.: Drop, Dick, 2013. - 48 p.

4. Geography. Russia. Nature and population. 8 cl.: Atlas - 7th ed., Revision. - M.: Drop; Publisher Dick, 2010 - 56 p.

Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Directory and Statistical Collections

1. Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia / A.P. Gorkin - M.: Rosman-Press, 2006. - 624 p.

Literature for preparing for GIA and EGE

1. Thematic control. Geography. Nature of Russia. 8th grade: tutorial. - Moscow: Intellect-Center, 2010. - 144 p.

2. Tests on the geography of Russia: 8-9 classes: to textbooks are ed. V.P. Dronova "Geography of Russia. 8-9 classes: studies. For general education. institutions "/ V.I. Evdokimov. - M.: Publishing House "Exam", 2009. - 109 p.

3. Preparing for GIA. Geography. 8th grade. Final testing in the exam format. / Avt.-Cost. T.V. Abramova. - Yaroslavl: LLC "Academy of Development", 2011. - 64 p.

4. Tests. Geography. 6-10 CL.: Educational and methodical manual / A.A. Letlyagin. - M.: Agency "Agency" Krp "Olymp": "Astrel", "AST", 2001. - 284 p.

Materials on the Internet

1. Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements ().

2. Russian Geographical Society ().

Stepteeplezostephile Summer Steppe - the most converted natural zone. The steppe is the most converted natural zone. Continental climate Continental climate Moisturizing coefficient in the north 0.6; in the south of 0.3. Moisturizing coefficient in the north of 0.6; in the south of 0.3. Sedips from 250 to 450 mm per year. Sedips from 250 to 450 mm per year. Bezles, but there are ureses 1. Bezles, but there are ureses 1. Increased number of arid years. Increased number of arid years. Dark-chestnut soils. Dark-chestnut soils. The degree of deposit does not reach 70-80%. The degree of deposit does not reach 70-80%. The average temperature of winter: from -0 0 s to C; Summer: from from to C. Middle temperature Winter: from -0 0 s to C; Summer: from from to C. Forestry-natural zone characterized by a combination of forest and steppe sites. Forestry-natural zone characterized by a combination of forest and steppe plots. Temperate climate. Temperate climate. Moisturizing coefficient in north 1; in the south of 0.6. Moisturizing coefficient in north 1; in the south of 0.6. Sedips from 300 to 450 mm. Sedips from 300 to 450 mm. The presence of fields and forest belt. The presence of fields and forest belt. Brown forest and turf-podzolic soils. Brown forest and turf-podzolic soils. The degree of deposit is 80%. The degree of deposit is 80%. The average temperature is winter: from from to C; Summer: from from to C. Middle temperature Winter: from from to C; Summer: from from to C. How the steppes differ from the forest-steppe?

Inland waters. Own river network of steppes and forest-steppes is rare and low-water. Own river network of steppes and forest-steppes is rare and low-water. Groundwater lies deeply, so they practically do not participate in the nutrition of rivers. Groundwater lies deeply, so they practically do not participate in the nutrition of rivers. In the summer of the river Mel, which greatly complicates the water supply of the population and shipping even on large rivers. In the summer of the river Mel, which greatly complicates the water supply of the population and shipping even on large rivers. The population is rarelyocal, due to the fact that groundwater lies deeply. The population is rarelyocal, due to the fact that groundwater lies deeply. Wells dig to the depth of m, because On waterproof spaces, water supply is difficult. Wells dig to the depth of m, because On waterproof spaces, water supply is difficult.

Conclusions. The forest-steppe and steppes are most changed by man natural zones. Almost all natural landscapes are transformed, and the areas of untouched nature can only be found in reserves. Favorable climate, fertile soil caused active agriculture. However, the strongest anthropogenic press in nature has a negative side. The ravines and beams, these ulcers on the body of the Earth, became an inevitable part of the steppe landscapes. The forest-steppe and steppes are most changed by man natural zones. Almost all natural landscapes are transformed, and the areas of untouched nature can only be found in reserves. Favorable climate, fertile soil caused active agriculture. However, the strongest anthropogenic press in nature has a negative side. The ravines and beams, these ulcers on the body of the Earth, became an inevitable part of the steppe landscapes.