In what cases is mskt done? Multislice computed tomography (MSCT). Organs are examined using MSCT

The latest diagnostic techniques allow practicing doctors to identify pathological processes developing in the human body without grueling manipulations and long waits for their results. The second half of the 20th century was marked by such scientific achievements as multispiral CT scan(MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

The use of these qualitative methods made it possible to diagnose the disease in the early stages of development, which is important in carrying out rational treatment without triggering pathology. Qualified specialists choose a specific diagnostic technique for examining a patient depending on each specific case.

Sometimes only the final MSCT data can provide detailed information about the condition of the organ, and in some circumstances, resonance imaging is more informative. In our article we want to provide information about how MSCT and MRI differ, when they are performed and which of these diagnostic methods is preferable.

Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance

The MRI method is based on obtaining medical images of tissues and internal organs of the human body using devices that vibrate atoms electromagnetic waves. Using this technique helps doctors diagnose:

• foci of inflammatory processes;
• tumor-like formations;
• diseases of bone structures - joints and spinal column;
• disorders of the functional activity of the circulatory and nervous systems.

The most important advantage of MRI is the absence of radiation exposure and the fact that the examination can be carried out taking into account the physical and anatomical features patient.

When performing an MRI to obtain images of internal tissues, the patient is placed in a device that provides a constant magnetic field

MRI is one of the most modern and safe, non-invasive (does not require intervention in the patient’s body) diagnostic methods. The results of the examination depend on the capabilities of the equipment used; the most informative are the images that were obtained during the procedure performed on a high-field magnetic resonance imaging scanner.

The main advantage of such equipment is high voltage magnetic field(up to 3 Tesla), providing high scanning speed and quality of resulting images. The duration of the diagnosis depends on the area being examined, for example, the study of one part of the spinal column lasts about half an hour, the procedure using a contrast agent takes approximately 50–60 minutes.

The main advantage of magnetic resonance imaging is the absence of ionizing radiation that harms the human body! This advantage allows you to examine several areas of the patient’s body at once and repeat the procedures daily.

However, there are a number of restrictions for MRI - undergoing examination is strictly prohibited:

• during pregnancy in the first trimester;
• breastfeeding;
• the presence of electronic or ferromagnetic devices in the patient’s body (prosthetic heart valves, pacemakers, insulin pumps, etc.);
• disorders of the psycho-emotional state (claustrophobia, panic attacks);
• drug or alcohol intoxication;
• the need for constant monitoring of vital important indicators(blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory movements).

MRI is not performed on patients whose body weight exceeds 120 kg

Use of radiation diagnostics

Multislice tomography is a variation of one of the most modern techniques for visualizing internal organs and tissues - CT (computed tomography). The diagnostic method is based on the technique of scanning the patient’s body using X-ray transmission, which converts the received information into electrical signals.

Further data processing takes place in a computer and, thanks to specially developed programs, a synthesized layer-by-layer image is displayed on the monitor.

Initially, this diagnostic method was intended only for studying the brain, but medicine does not stand still - today there is equipment for scanning the entire human body. Practicing doctors consider the MSCT method to be the most highly effective way of examining a patient.

It allows you to identify pathological processes such as:

• diseases of the cardiac and vascular systems;
• infectious and inflammatory processes;
• carcinomas;
• injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
• internal bleeding.

The MSCT procedure is absolutely painless for the patient and does not cause him fear of confined spaces. Its duration is from 20 to 30 minutes (if there is a need to use contrast). It is in the time during which the patient must remain stationary that there is one of the main differences between the diagnostic methods of MSCT and MRI.

MSCT allows not only to visualize changes in internal organs, but also to obtain a detailed image of cross-sections of tissues of the patient’s entire body

What is the difference between MSCT and MRI?

The main advantage of magnetic resonance imaging is the ability to obtain images in any plane (including soft tissue structures). However, the method is the most informative for examination:

• spinal column;
• pelvic organs;
• spinal cord and brain;
• musculoskeletal system;
• blood vessels.

The main advantage of the method of spiral obtaining thin sections is the possibility of: reformatting the image in a different plane, displaying the walls of organs with assessment of their configuration, constructing three-dimensional structures, and studying the prevalence of tumor-like formations. MSCT and MRI differ in physical phenomena that make it possible to obtain images of human internal organs.

The first method is based on x-rays (although the operating time of the x-ray tube does not exceed 30 seconds), the second works by emitting high-frequency magnetic fields. Both procedures allow high-quality visualization of the object under study and are absolutely safe for humans (after MSCT, no residual amount of X-rays is detected in the patient’s body).

Both diagnostic methods, although completely different, allow you to obtain high-quality information and create a detailed picture of the state of the human body systems. Methods are constantly being improved and sometimes it is difficult to give preference to any of them, but this is an undeniable plus - if there are contraindications for performing one procedure, you can always use the second!

The only area in which the capabilities of MSCT are inferior to magnetic resonance imaging is the central nervous system. Accurate visualization of changes in the spinal cord and brain is only available with MRI! However, many pathological processes can be seen using a multislice tomograph.

Which method should you choose?

MSCT and MRI are used to diagnose various pathological processes - tissue inflammation, injuries, malignant tumors, developmental defects, degenerative changes. Both methods are of particular importance in identifying oncological pathologies, allowing one to study the stage of organ damage, the spread of the tumor to nearby tissues, and the condition of the lymph nodes.

In terms of the quality of soft tissue visualization, MSCT is much superior to MRI, and the resonance method is ideal for obtaining images of bone tissue. Due to the speed of obtaining final examination data, multislice tomography is used to diagnose injuries, acute bleeding and other pathological conditions.

A multislice tomograph is less sensitive to human movements than magnetic resonance equipment; thanks to this feature, it is possible to obtain images of organs in real time. In addition, unlike MRI, the presence of metal in the patient’s body, that is, implanted medical devices, vascular walls, cardiac prostheses, is not a contraindication for the procedure.

Using MSCT, a qualified specialist can perform a minimally invasive procedure - perform a puncture of the lungs and peritoneum, and collect synovial fluid

MRI and MSCT are two types of diagnostics that provide maximum visualization of the state of the patient’s internal organs, tissues and systems. Each examination method has its undeniable advantages:

• MRI provides accurate information in cases of identifying pathological processes in nervous system, soft tissues, joints, vascular bed - without causing any harm to the patient’s health;
• MSCT is less safe, but more informative in diagnosing bleeding, diseases of the digestive, genitourinary and respiratory organs.

The reaction of the human body can be different both to radiation exposure and to magnetic frequencies. A computer spiral examination is prescribed after passing general clinical and biochemical blood and urine tests. If their results indicate a significant change in the patient's health, the scan is not performed. Resonance diagnostics is carried out without preliminary laboratory tests.

The question of choosing one or another diagnostic method for each specific case must be decided by the attending physician, taking into account:

• patient's age;
• mental condition;
• the presence or absence of metal objects in the body;
• results of preliminary studies;
• data from anamnesis and clinical symptoms.

Conclusion

Computed tomography and magnetic tomography are performed both in private and public clinical diagnostic centers. Of no small economic importance for the patient is the fact that the cost of MSCT is significantly less than the cost of MRI. However, you should know that the success and informativeness of the examination depends on the quality of diagnostic equipment and the professionalism of the doctor performing the procedure.

As a rule, commercial clinics have the latest devices installed that increase diagnostic information and reduce X-ray radiation (in the case of MSCT), while specialists highly qualified We have accumulated extensive experience in conducting tomographic studies.

Computed tomography is a non-invasive method of radiological diagnostics that allows one to examine the layer-by-layer structure of a certain organ or anatomical area. Provides computer processing of information about the attenuation of X-ray radiation when passing through tissues of different densities. Due to its high information content, low radiation exposure, absence or minimal discomfort, ease of preparation and affordable price, computed tomography in Moscow is one of the most popular methods used in the diagnosis of many diseases of various organs and systems.

History of the study

This technique became famous and began to quickly spread throughout the world in the 70s of the last century. However, the history of the creation of computed tomography began much earlier. In the early 30s, the principles of obtaining layer-by-layer X-ray images were developed, but the insufficient development of technology did not allow the development to be brought to a level allowing affordable mass research. In 1963, the American physicist Cormack created tomographic reconstruction programs similar to Radon's algorithms, but performed in a different way. In 1969, British physicist Hounsfield designed the first CT scanner. Testing of the equipment was carried out in 1972, and in 1979 Cormack and Hounsfield received the Nobel Prize for the development of computed tomography.

Over the almost half a century that has passed since the beginning of the introduction of the technique into clinical practice, 4 generations of CT devices have been created. The first tomographs had one X-ray tube and one detector, which rotated together and separately scanned each layer with each rotation. Scanning one layer lasted several minutes. Modern computer tomography machines have more than a thousand detectors installed along a ring of equipment. Only the X-ray tube rotates; the rotation period is less than 1 second. Along with the classical technique, multislice tomography (SCT) and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) are used, which minimize the radiation dose, reduce the duration of the study and increase its information content.

Principles of the method

In conventional radiography, an X-ray tube is located on one side of the area under study, and on the other there is a film on which the image appears when X-ray radiation passes through organs and tissues. As a result, a volumetric (three-dimensional) area of ​​the body is displayed on radiographs as a flat (two-dimensional) object. This reduces the information content of the technique, since some tissue shadows are superimposed on others, and some tissues are not visible.

Computed tomography allows you to recreate a three-dimensional image and study any layer of tissue almost as if it were presented on a section (taking into account the features of the image on x-rays). This becomes possible because the X-ray tube in the CT machine is not fixed in a certain position, but rotates very quickly around the patient. When performing a computed tomography scan, sensors located around the tomograph record many images (about 1000 per second) and transmit the data to a computer that processes the received information using a special program. Subsequently, the doctor can work with the data obtained during computed tomography in various ways: examine any section, zoom in and out of the image, determine the size, shape and structure of anatomical formations.

Types of CT

Taking into account the peculiarities of collecting information, the following types of computed tomography are distinguished:

• Conventional computed tomography– the x-ray tube moves around the patient, the image is captured by many sensors evenly distributed around the ring of the device. After each series of images, the table moves slightly deeper into the ring, allowing data to be obtained about the state of the next linearly located layer.
• Spiral computed tomography (SCT)- As in previous case, the tube rotates around the patient, while the table continuously moves horizontally, due to which the scanning axis becomes not linear, but spiral-shaped. The technology made it possible to reduce the radiation dose and reduce the duration of the study.
• Multislice computed tomography (MSCT)– the image of many slices is simultaneously transmitted to the computer (the number of slices depends on the characteristics of the equipment). The technique made it possible to reduce the duration and increase the information content of computed tomography, expand the anatomical coverage area, improve contrast and time resolution, and at the same time reduce the patient’s radiation dose.

A new step towards improving computed tomography was a CT machine with two tubes, created in 2005. The tubes can operate in an independent mode, which makes it possible to obtain more accurate images of moving objects (for example, the heart) and nearby structures with different densities. Otherwise the technology is similar to MSCT.

There are also computed tomography scans using contrast agents. X-ray contrast computed tomography makes it possible to increase the information content of the study, more accurately differentiate various tissues, assess the condition of the wall, the size, shape and size of the lumen of hollow organs, identify areas of impaired blood supply, collaterals and vascular networks in malignant neoplasms. X-ray contrast agents can be used for any computed tomography: conventional, spiral or multilayer.

Taking into account the location of the studied area, computed tomography of the head, musculoskeletal system, blood vessels, abdominal organs and chest are distinguished. Each of the listed zones is divided into several areas corresponding to a separate study. The type of CT scan is selected based on complaints, objective symptoms and the results of previous diagnostic procedures (usually radiography).

Indications

Computed tomography in Moscow is usually used at the stage of final diagnosis, after other, more accessible, but less informative screening studies and first-line diagnostic procedures (fluorography, plain radiography). The purpose of computed tomography may be to clarify the diagnosis, accurately determine the size, shape and structure of pathological lesions, assess the effectiveness of therapy and monitor over time.

Computed tomography of the head is prescribed to identify or clarify the location, nature and prevalence of pathological processes: skull fractures, intracerebral hematomas, hemorrhages, ischemic areas, abscesses, neoplasms of the brain, eyes, paranasal sinuses, soft tissues of the face and other structures. A CT scan of the head can be performed with or without the use of an X-ray contrast agent.

Computed tomography of the chest is used to assess the condition of the lung tissue, bronchi, trachea, pleura, mediastinal organs, bone skeleton and soft tissues. Computed tomography of the lungs, mammary glands and chest organs is prescribed in the process of diagnosing traumatic injuries, congenital and acquired structural disorders, inflammatory processes, benign neoplasms, primary tumors and metastatic lesions of lung tissue, mediastinal lymph nodes and other structures.

Computed tomography of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space is performed for a detailed examination of the intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, urinary system, adrenal glands, intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Computed tomography is used in the process of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of diseases and conditions, which include injuries, inflammatory processes, neoplasms, enlarged liver and spleen. Computed tomography of the abdominal organs can be contrast or non-contrast.

Computed tomography of the musculoskeletal system is an auxiliary method for diagnosing injuries and diseases of bones and joints. It is used in complex cases when conventional radiography data do not allow one to clearly differentiate the pathology or determine the nature and location of the pathological focus. Computed tomography of bones and joints is prescribed for complex fractures (especially intra-articular), degenerative lesions, inflammatory diseases, malformations and tumors. Sometimes used to monitor the progress of surgery.

Contraindications

Contraindications to non-contrast examination are pregnancy, childhood, severe motor restlessness and body weight exceeding the standards established for this equipment. Most CT scanner tables are designed for a patient weight of no more than 120-130 kg, however, there are models with a limit of up to 200 kg. If there are contraindications to non-contrast computed tomography, it is replaced by other techniques or transferred to a more late date. The possibility of conducting research in childhood is determined individually. During gestation, the study is prescribed for health reasons.

Contraindications to X-ray contrast computed tomography include intolerance to iodine preparations, blood clotting disorders, thyroid disease, severe pathology of the heart, liver and kidneys. The presence of metal implants is not a contraindication for computed tomography; however, metal in the area under study creates an obstacle to the passage of X-rays and can reduce the information content of the technique.

Preparing for CT

Usually no special preparation is required. Before performing a computed tomography scan of the abdominal cavity, foods that contribute to increased gas formation (milk, fresh fruits and vegetables) should be excluded from the menu. You should refrain from eating for several hours before the procedure. In some cases, it is necessary to take a laxative or give an enema. The doctor informs the patient about recommendations regarding preparation for a computed tomography scan when issuing a referral for the procedure.

Methodology

A CT scanner is a table moving inside a wide ring. Unlike an MRI machine, the equipment does not have a confined space that can cause claustrophobia during a CT scan. Immediately before being placed on the table, the patient is asked to remove metal objects. During the procedure, the table moves in the scanner ring. The study lasts from 3-4 minutes to half an hour. During this time, the patient can contact a doctor located in the next room.

In a contrast-enhanced CT scan, a catheter is placed in the patient's antecubital vein before the procedure begins. Contrast is applied automatically. When an X-ray contrast agent is injected, the patient may feel cold, warm, or a metallic taste in the mouth spreading through the veins. These reactions are normal and do not require stopping the CT scan. If you experience nausea, headache, dizziness, shortness of breath or discomfort in the stomach, you should immediately report these symptoms to your doctor - these reactions may indicate increased sensitivity to iodine preparations.

Cost of computed tomography in Moscow

CT is a modern technique that is widely used in many areas of practical medicine. The study is carried out in specialized centers and fairly large multidisciplinary treatment and diagnostic institutions equipped special equipment. Factors influencing the price of computed tomography in Moscow are the type of technique (CT, SCT, MSCT), the area of ​​study and the need to administer a contrast agent. There is an additional cost for recording results on a CD. In private medical centers, the cost of CT scans is usually higher than in public clinics.

When receiving a doctor's referral for an MSCT examination, the patient is often not sufficiently informed about the essence and features of this procedure. Your doctor will sometimes order a scan of your kidneys, liver, or lumbar or lumbosacral spine. MSCT - what is it? How to properly prepare for research? What is the difference between MSCT and conventional computed tomography? Which is better - multislice computed tomography or MRI? Let's find out in this article.

The concept of multislice computed tomography in medicine

Just a quarter of a century ago, the active use of multislice computed tomography began in medicine. In short, this type of study is called MSCT. What it is? The technique is an advanced computed tomography. With MSCT, it is possible to take 160 – 320 images in one approach, which allows you to accurately track even minimal pathological changes in the human body.

Indications and contraindications for MSCT

The MSCT procedure allows for three-dimensional reconstruction of bones and joints, is used to diagnose and study fractures, is actively used to justify the need for surgical intervention and makes it possible to visualize discs, muscles, and ligaments to identify current state skeletal system.

Examination using MSCT is indicated in the following cases:

• it is necessary to examine the coronary vessels and aorta in a short time (effectively, including to identify emergency conditions that are life-threatening to the patient);
• diagnosis of internal bleeding of unknown etiology;
• detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm, pulmonary embolism;
• to confirm/refute dangerous pathologies of the heart and blood vessels;
• diagnosing renal, cardiac, pulmonary and vascular failure;
• detection of oncological formations with precise determination of the size and location of the tumor;
• for osteoporosis - in order to measure bone density;
• diagnosis of pathologies of the maxillofacial region.

Despite all the advantages of this examination method, there is a whole range of contraindications. There are absolute, relative and individual contraindications. In the first case, diagnostics are not carried out at all, in the second, scanning with a tomograph is permissible only if absolutely necessary and under the supervision of a doctor.

Individual contraindications are taken into account when performing multislice tomography of certain organs.

What organs are being examined?

Multislice CT was originally developed for diagnosing brain pathologies. However, at present, MSCT of the head is not the only type of research. The technique is actively used in examining almost all organs and systems of the human body.

MSCT examination of the spine is divided into several types:

1. MSCT scan of the lumbosacral spine. For anomalies in the development of the department, osteoporosis, vertebral instability, fractures in this area.
2. MSCT diagnostics of the thoracic spine. Arthrosis, stenosis, hemorrhages in the spinal cord, spondylosis, pathological changes in posture and so on.
3. Examination of the thoracic region. Injuries, headaches or pain in the neck of unknown etiology, vertebral compression, myelopathy, developmental abnormalities cervical spine spine.

Preparation for MSC tomography and examination stages

Preparation for the examination will depend on which organ will be examined and whether a contrast agent will be used. Contrast can be intravenous or bolus. It is not difficult to prepare for a scan of the head, cervical spine, soft tissues, thoracic spine, or MSCT of the spine if the procedure is performed without contrast. The patient simply needs to come to the procedure on time in loose clothing, take with him his passport and necessary medical documents, remove all metal objects.

Before scanning the abdominal cavity organs (liver - including cirrhosis, kidneys, intestines), you will need to check for hypersensitivity to iodine, exclude gas-forming and solid foods from the diet the day before the procedure. 5 hours before MSCT you should not eat at all. The patient also needs to dissolve 40 ml of Urografin 76% or Triombrast 60% in 2 liters of warm boiled water and drink the composition no later than 3 hours before the procedure. Give an enema.

If MSCT with contrast is indicated, then no earlier than 3 days before the examination you need to take tests (blood and urine) - when the urea level is elevated or creatinine is present, the procedure will be postponed. Diet and enema - as with an abdominal scan. The Urografin solution will need to be divided into 2 parts - half is drunk the evening before, and the second in the morning before the study.

Such an examination takes from 5 minutes to 1 hour (time may vary on different tomographs). The patient is placed on a special table, which slides inside the device. The patient must lie still during the entire scan. The scanner rotates around it, transmitting information from the sensors to the computer. If a computed tomography scan is performed with contrast, then after the first series of images the table is pulled out, a contrast agent is injected into the patient, and the scan is repeated again.

Decoding the results: what does the image show?

Deciphering the results of MSCT does not take much time. Depending on which part or organ was scanned (whether the kidneys, liver, the entire spine were examined, or, for example, only it lumbar region), the pictures taken are decrypted from 1 hour to 24 hours. In most cases, two hours is enough.

The study shows signs of pathological changes in almost any organ at the initial stage, and also allows you to track the consequences of injuries or monitor the dynamics of treatment. Deciphering and interpretation is carried out only by a qualified doctor - you cannot draw conclusions on your own. For example, the main signs of liver cirrhosis are uneven edges of the organ and its increased size. However, a non-specialist is unlikely to notice the same cirrhosis on negatives.

What is better, MSCT, CT or MRI, how do they differ?

Multislice computed tomography should not be confused with MRI. It's not the same thing. The two types of examination differ: MRI results are obtained as a result of exposure to high-frequency radiation and a magnetic field. Whereas computed tomography is based on X-rays (the radiation dose is small, but still there).

MRI – perfect option for scanning soft tissues and hollow organs, while for diagnosing hard tissues (for example, bone), multispiral diagnostics are more suitable.

CT differs from the multi-slice type of study. The latter is considered more advanced and relatively safe. Multislice CT, compared to conventional CT, makes it possible to obtain volumetric images of organs with a layer thickness of less than 1 mm and significantly expand the area of ​​anatomical examination.

The new technique is better and compares favorably with simple CT in the following respects:

1. less harmful radiation;
2. better contrast resolution;
3. effective use of the X-ray tube;
4. scanning is done faster;
5. temporal and spatial resolution has been improved.

When your attending physician refers you to MSCT, then, of course, you immediately have many questions: what is MSCT itself, the cost of the procedure, why is contrast needed, will it be harmful to your health?

Explanation of the abbreviation MSCT - multislice computed tomography.

This study is one of the most modern in our time. effective methods examination of human organs. This method can also be called multilayer and multislice tomography, which reflects its operating principle. Multislice tomography makes it possible to obtain images of human organs, their structure, and also monitor their condition in real time.

Operating principle of MSCT

The method is based on the effect of X-ray radiation on the studied area of ​​the human body, followed by computer processing of the received data and, accordingly, obtaining images of organs and tissues.

It can be step-by-step and spiral (divided into single- and multi-spiral). Spiral CT involves continuous rotation of the X-ray emitter with simultaneous movement of the table on which the patient is located. And also during such movement, the X-ray tube makes a spiral trajectory (in step-by-step tomography, the tube describes a circular trajectory). Such a table can move at different speeds, and as it increases, an increasingly larger area is scanned. It can also be noted that spiral CT is much faster in time and has a lower radiation dose for humans. Well, we can also point out that MSCT is just an improved type of spiral CT.

Advantages of MSCT as opposed to CT

One of the main differences between MSCT is the greater number of rotations of the X-ray tube and the presence of 2 or more detectors that receive signals. Today there are 2-slice (2 rows of detectors), 4-slice (4 rows of detectors), 8-, 16-, 32-, 64-, as well as the most modern 128-slice tomographs.

This research method is considered relatively new, it appeared in 1992. Initially, only two slices were used in MSCT, but now it is possible to obtain up to 320 slices in one scan. After all, it is precisely this productivity that has significantly increased the quality and detail of the survey results. And in terms of time, the procedure lasts on average only 3 to 7 minutes, which of course reduces the impact of X-rays on the patient.

Advantages of multislice tomography over spiral CT:

• high scanning speed
• increased safety due to the low dose of radiation exposure to the patient, and this reduces the negative impact of X-rays on health
• increase in signal-to-noise ratio
• increased temporal and spatial resolution
• increase in anatomical coverage area
• high information content and accuracy.

How does MSCT differ from CT?

The most basic difference between multispiral and conventional computed tomography is the equipment used and its capabilities. Namely, in MSCT, a feature of the latest developments of tomographs is that one stream of X-rays is captured by several rows of detectors at once. Such tomographs scan the entire organ at once in one rotation. And this makes it possible to obtain several hundred sections at once while increasing the clarity of the images, and the reduced scanning time accordingly reduces the radiation dose. After all, if this diagnostic method is used, the patient’s radiation dose is reduced by three times, unlike CT.

The high speed of MSCT also allows you to see the processes occurring in organs, and not just study their structure.

Indications for examination

To understand the readings, you need to understand what MSCT shows? MSCT allows you to examine and create a three-dimensional image. For example, you can obtain an image of: heart, abdominal organs, etc. And multislice CT images can reveal the smallest deviations from the norm.

MSCT of the brain is prescribed in the following cases:

• in case of consequences of injuries (concussions, bruises, bleeding)
• when it is necessary to diagnose the presence of tumors and inflammatory processes
• to assess perfusion in stroke
• if the patient has a cerebral hemorrhage
• if special preparation for operations is required.

MSCT of the spine:

• for examination of the spinal column in case of injuries and bruises
• when detection of tumors and metastases is required
• if the patient is diagnosed with arthrosis and spondyloarthrosis
• for preparation for spinal surgeries and postoperative monitoring.

MSCT of the abdominal organs:

• for tumor detection
• if ultrasound results are insufficient
• if there was an injury in the area
• to detect stones in the ureters, kidneys and
• for inflammatory diseases
• as a method for monitoring before surgery and after radiation therapy.

During a multislice CT scan of the abdominal organs, specialists examine: the liver, spleen, gallbladder, ways of removing urine from the body, . The vessels and tissues of the abdomen, and of course the lymph nodes, are also examined. The sizes of organs and their location are determined, and the abdominal cavity is examined for the presence of fluid and pathologies.

• Whenever the gallbladder is examined, the presence of radiopaque stones in it is checked.
• If the liver is examined, its shape, density and condition of the tissues surrounding it, blood vessels, and the presence of metastases from other organs are assessed. And it is this kind of tomography that allows you to diagnose cirrhosis, inflammation and stones in the bile ducts. And also, CT allows you to diagnose narrowing and blockage of the ducts, which is very important.
• If the kidneys are examined, urolithiasis, nephrosis, adenocarcinoma and various developmental pathologies can be identified.

Most often, doctors prescribe a multislice CT scan of the abdominal organs after undergoing an ultrasound or radiography. And also the need to do MSCT may arise in cases of checking the accuracy and correctness of an already made diagnosis. After all, it is precisely such an examination that makes it possible to identify the localization of the lesion and then examine in more detail the changes in the organs of the cavity.

MSCT colonoscopy

Such diagnostics are performed to study, and most often to diagnose colon cancer. In this case, before a colonoscopy, the patient must cleanse the intestines using special powerful laxatives.

MSCT of the heart

If an assessment of the functioning of the valves and chambers of the heart is required, multislice computed tomography of the coronary arteries is performed. In this case, the coronary arteries are examined on a tomograph, which is capable of making more than 250 revolutions. It is he who allows you to examine the circulatory system of the heart, its valves and diagnose various heart diseases. For example, such as myocardial lesions, ruptures and aneurysms, atherosclerosis and other diseases associated with blood vessels. Often, with the help of such diagnostics, calcification of the heart valves is detected and the degree of damage to blood vessels by cholesterol plaques is determined.

Preparing for the procedure. Contraindications

• The patient usually does not need to prepare for multislice tomography. Only if an abdominal examination is scheduled, and only in cases where the use of contrast is necessary, is it necessary to come to the procedure on an empty stomach.
• In certain cases, to improve the visibility of the studied areas of the body, MSCT with contrast is performed. Then, during such a study, contrast drugs are injected intravenously into the patient’s blood.
• There are cases when patients have the possibility of allergies, which are usually based on iodine. If the patient is allergic to iodine or seafood, then this should be reported to the doctor.
• Unlike traditional computed tomography, multislice tomography can be performed on patients with metal implants and staples in the body.
• In cases where it is necessary, operations, as well as after surgery, such diagnostics as MSCT, are always prescribed without fail.

But for some patients, MSCT is absolutely contraindicated:

• as a rule, it is not performed, since the effect of multislice computed tomography on pregnancy is negative, and for the fetus the dose of radiation received is too high.
• This study is also not recommended for nursing mothers and children.
• Examination of children is carried out once and only for health reasons.
• MSCT should absolutely not be performed on patients with heart palpitations and extrasystole.
• It is prohibited to undergo a CT scan if you have recently undergone a barium examination (you must wait at least a week).
• A relative contraindication is the patient being overweight. technical specifications some types of devices. Also in the presence of claustrophobia, mental illness in patients, which may interfere with the progress of the scan.
• If plaster is applied to the examination areas, this will also interfere with the examination.

How often can MSCT be done?

It is the amount of radiation received that matters, not the frequency of the examination. The recommended exposure threshold is 1 mSv (millisievert) per year, and the maximum harmless dose is considered to be 5 mSv.

What is MSCT? The abbreviation hides the definition - multislice computed tomography. This is an innovative diagnostic method, which is based on the principle of using several elements - sources of X-rays passing through the studied areas of the body in a spiral. Patients also call this method spiral and multilayer computed tomography or simply multislice tomography.

Indications for MSCT

The technique is universal and highly accurate, therefore it is used to diagnose pathologies of all organs. Multispiral CT is prescribed in such cases (general indications):

• for pathologies accompanied by severe pain;
• malignant formations in the area of ​​the kidneys, liver, pancreas, bladder (or if they are suspected);
• to detect metastases;
• with degenerative changes in the spine, intervertebral hernias;
• if extraorgan tumors are suspected in the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal zone;
• in case of multiple or serious injuries (especially in emergency situations);
• with pulmonary embolism;
• for pulmonary tuberculosis (to identify foci).

Let us consider the indications for the use of multislice tomography in different locations in more detail.

MSCT of the head, brain

Spiral computed tomography is the most used diagnostic method due to its high information content and detailed examination. Multislice tomography is used in the following situations:

• abnormalities of brain development;
• chronic vascular insufficiency (research - MSCT angiography);
• head injuries, brain contusions;
• inflammation;
• , inner ear;
• stroke (hemorrhage, necrosis);
• hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure.

If you have headaches (frequent or very severe), problems with concentration and memory, you should consult a neurologist for advice. Timely prescribed MSCT will help identify or prevent negative changes that threaten the patient’s life. It is especially important to pay attention to such symptoms if you have suffered a traumatic brain injury, transient ischemic attack or stroke in the past.

Computer tomograph

MSCT of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneum

The study allows you to obtain highly accurate information about the condition of the liver, spleen, kidneys, biliary tract, pancreas, gallbladder and its ducts, intestines, and stomach. Indications:

• metastases, neoplasms of various etiologies;
• abnormalities of organ development;
• diseases of the abdominal aorta and its branches;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• foci of inflammation in the peritoneum and internal organs of the abdominal cavity;
• and adrenal glands;
• trauma, pathology of soft tissues and vascular network;

As a result of an MSCT study, it is possible to obtain information not only about the size, structure and location of organs, but also about the presence of neoplasms, the condition of the vessels and lymph nodes located in this area.

MSCT of the chest

Examination of this area using the multispiral method allows us to identify changes in the structure of bones, lymph nodes, blood vessels, chest muscles and others. Indications:

• formations (benign and malignant), metastases;
• malformations and anomalies of the bronchopulmonary system, pericardium, heart;
• foci of inflammation affecting the chest organs;
• combined and multiple injuries;
• diffuse.

The technique makes it possible to identify foci of tuberculosis in the lung tissue, changes in blood vessels, determine the stage of development of a malignant tumor and assess the level of danger to the patient’s life.

Advantages of the procedure and features of preparation for MSCT

Preparation for MSCT includes dressing in loose clothes. It is also advisable to get rid of removable dentures (dental, hearing aids) before the procedure. The doctor will recommend not eating a few hours before the procedure. The multislice type of tomography has a number of advantages in contrast to and, namely:

• takes less time (therefore often used in intensive care units and emergency rooms);
• lower cost compared to MRI;
• the method is universal for studying blood vessels, hollow organs, bones and muscle tissue;
• deciphering the results does not take much time;
• insignificant radiation exposure, no residual radiation;
• highly accurate results.

How often can MSCT be done? The procedure involves radiation, so it is not intended for frequent use. The examination takes from 5 to 10 minutes and requires immobility.

MSCT with contrast agent

Multislice computed tomography is a convenient way to study the human body precisely because of the same information content when examining bone and muscle tissue, and hollow organs. Contrast is used to enhance the effect - the substance allows you to distinguish organs and the presence of pathology in them more clearly.

Injector for bolus injection of contrast agent during MSCT

There are two types of MSCT with contrast: bolus and intravenous. Intravenous administration of contrast is performed manually by a laboratory assistant, without taking into account speed and time. The bolus MSCT technique with contrast involves administering the drug with a syringe-injector over a certain period of time and at a pre-calculated speed. This method has an important advantage - the contrast phases are delimited, and this guarantees the effectiveness and high accuracy of the procedure.

Contraindications to the procedure

There are absolute and temporary contraindications to the use of MSCT. The main part of them concerns x-ray radiation and the ban on its use in certain situations. Contraindications for examination:

• do not use after examinations using barium;
• pregnancy (extremely rarely allowed as an exception, taking into account the patient’s vital signs);
• lactation (one day after the procedure it is forbidden to feed the baby, it is necessary to express the breast);
• claustrophobia (can be done with the use of sedatives);
• allergy to iodine (if MSCT is performed with iodine-containing contrast).
• The patient's obesity may hinder the procedure - the spiral computed tomograph is designed for a weight of up to 110-150 kg (depending on the model).

MSCT is one of the latest developments in medicine, which allows one to obtain accurate data on various tissues of the human body with the least damage to health. The use of this type of tomography is universal and has a small number of contraindications, which is why it is so often used for diagnostics in progressive medical institutions.