We buy oyster mushrooms for processing. Oyster garden. How profitable is the business of growing oyster mushrooms?

These mushrooms were first used in China and Japan in ancient times. Oyster mushroom - very healthy mushroom. In cooking, it is used in various ways: for soups, for frying, for stewing, etc. If you are interested in where to buy oyster mushrooms, visit your nearest market or a specialized website on the Internet.

Types of oyster mushrooms

There are several varieties of oyster mushrooms that differ in appearance, in weight and taste. In particular:

• oyster or ordinary;
• horn-shaped or profuse;
• oak or dry;
• steppe.

Only oysters are sold wholesale; carob-shaped ones are less common. The remaining species are considered edible, but are not sold. It appears on the shelves in fresh and dried form.

Oyster mushroom cost

If you need oyster mushrooms, it is worth knowing that the price per kg depends on the type of mushroom and the processing method. Oyster mushrooms are cheaper due to their prevalence. The price of carob-shaped oyster mushrooms per kg is higher. Other types of mushrooms are not commercially available. A kilogram of dried mushroom will cost slightly more than fresh oyster mushrooms.

Growing oyster mushrooms as a business can easily be called the most profitable agricultural sector. The profitability of this business can reach 100% and even exceed this figure. So that a newcomer to business can evaluate this indicator, we can compare the profitability of an average grocery store (1%) or a successful dairy plant (about 7%). It’s not even worth talking about the mass of unprofitable enterprises.

The taste of oyster mushroom is so high that it is often called a competitor porcini mushroom. Moreover, they are perhaps the most nutritious mushrooms. The fact is that the protein of most mushrooms is poorly absorbed by the human body. However, the digestibility of oyster mushroom protein reaches 90%, which is 2-3 times higher than that of other mushrooms. Oyster mushroom is widely used in cooking and currently the number of dishes made from this mushroom has exceeded one hundred.

In addition, according to scientists, oyster mushrooms help normalize blood pressure, fight cancer cells, are a natural aphrodisiac and remove radionuclides from the body. Of course, with such indicators and advantages, an enterprising person has the idea that growing oyster mushrooms as a business can become an excellent source of income. It is this question that will be addressed in this article.

In short, we can say that the risks associated with the business of growing oyster mushrooms are very low, which is explained by low operating costs, modest start-up investments and the ease of organizing a business. The investment pays off in about nine months, and in the case unfavorable conditions- in a year. In light of the fact that in the summer of 2014, mushrooms imported into Russia from abroad came under an embargo, a vacuum was created in the Russian market in the form of approximately 160 tons of mushrooms, which contributes to the opening of production.

The advantage of oyster mushroom is its stable demand among buyers, rapid germination, ease of care, and unpretentiousness to light levels, humidity and temperature fluctuations. At the same time, as will be seen below, the costs associated with cultivation are very moderate.

Ideally, production should be located in an ecologically clean suburban area, which, in addition to being environmentally friendly, will provide practically unlimited raw materials (husks of sunflower seeds, corn cobs, sawdust, straw, etc.). At the same time, it is desirable that at the same time production should not be located at too great a distance from the city, since this will increase transportation costs and may affect the quality of the product itself.

Growing oyster mushrooms as a business can be divided into four main stages:

• Acquisition of mycelium
• Substrate preparation
• Actually growing oyster mushrooms
• Harvest sales

At the initial stage, organizing production will cost about 200-300 thousand rubles, provided that the area of ​​the growing room is 60 sq.m. The bulk of investments will go towards organizing the greenhouse and its equipment, purchasing fertilizers and mycelium. The first harvest can be expected one and a half to two months after planting the mycelium.

It is better to purchase seed material from specialized companies. The average cost of mycelium is about $1 per kilogram. Then you can move on to preparing the substrate and the growing process itself. The cost of raw materials for the substrate is low and, if you focus on straw, it is 2 thousand rubles per ton. The duration of one production cycle ranges from 40 to 50 days.

It should be borne in mind that the shelf life of mycelium is no more than three to four months, so its purchase should occur several times a year. If there are several suppliers of mycelium in the region, it makes sense to purchase it not from one supplier, but from several at once, so that the quality can be compared.

When the harvest is harvested, you need to try to sell it within no more than five days (it is during this time that mushrooms can be stored in the refrigerator). If the initial production volume corresponds to that assumed in the article (1 ton per month), it is possible to sell the entire harvest through the market.

The approximate cost of building a greenhouse is 100 thousand rubles. Its equipment costs approximately the same amount. It is worth considering that the demand for oyster mushrooms is not uniform throughout the year.

For a relatively small production, with an expected yield of 1 ton of oyster mushrooms/month, the efforts of several people or even one are sufficient, which makes growing oyster mushrooms good choice for family. It is most profitable to register such a business as a form of private entrepreneurship with a simplified taxation system.

How profitable is the business of growing oyster mushrooms?

Oyster mushrooms not only have great taste, but are also an environmentally friendly product that does not require treatment with chemicals. And if champignons grow on manure, then oyster mushrooms grow on wood. Oyster mushrooms can be prepared according to a variety of recipes. We can say that this is a universal mushroom. At the same time, the greatest demand for it is noted in winter time when there is a certain mushroom shortage on the market.

All this, coupled with its extremely useful nature, attracts the attention of potential entrepreneurs considering growing oyster mushrooms as a business. Feedback from those already doing them is overwhelmingly positive. Negative reviews, as a rule, are a consequence of the fact that the entrepreneur himself made some mistakes in production or sales.

High profitability is noted by everyone who studies the mushroom market in Russia. Unfortunately, it was not without its drawbacks. The main one is the fragility of this mushroom, which creates difficulties when transporting mushrooms over long distances. Fresh, unrefrigerated oyster mushrooms belong to the group of delicate goods that require extremely fast delivery and special temperature conditions. Some mushroom lovers are not satisfied with the fact that the aroma of oyster mushrooms is not expressed. It is also worth noting that if the spores of this fungus enter the lungs, this can lead to allergies.

Growing oyster mushrooms can be considered an almost waste-free production. This is because the treated substrate is a dietary supplement that can be very useful as a garden fertilizer or pig supplement. Therefore, when organizing the production of oyster mushrooms, it makes sense to think about selling the spent substrate.

If mushrooms are transported in plastic boxes and on short distances No special packaging is required for oyster mushrooms.

The price for oyster mushrooms is determined based on competitors’ prices and material costs of production. In most cases it is 1-2 dollars per kilogram. To attract new sellers and make sales easier, thereby creating the foundation for business expansion, it is worth thinking about advertising your product via the Internet.

When the business is established at a sales level of approximately 12 tons of oyster mushrooms per year, production can be expanded by increasing the volume of products, entering new markets and expanding the range (pickles, pickled mushrooms, dried, etc.). At this stage, it will be necessary to attract additional labor. Accordingly, production costs will also increase. However, since growing oyster mushrooms as a business is highly profitable, income will significantly exceed costs, which is greatly facilitated by the introduction of an embargo on imported products, which resulted in an increase in prices for domestic oyster mushrooms. It automatically follows from this that, if necessary, an entrepreneur can set prices in a wide range without the risk of going broke.

The most likely risks include the following:

1. Inability to sell products
2. Increased competition in the area
3. Equipment breakdown
4. Excessive financial and time costs caused by insufficient experience in this matter
5. Insufficient yield

None of these risks exceeds the average level of probability and in each of the above cases the consequences will not be too severe. We can say that each of these problems can be solved without much effort and over time the risks will be reduced to almost zero.

To minimize risks from the very beginning, it is advisable to take care of:

• Using special freezers
• Expanding the client base
• Improving the technology of using bioadditives
• Choosing a good mycelium supplier
• Advanced training through reading specialized literature, sharing experiences, etc.
• Purchasing equipment with a good warranty period
• Expanding the range
• Keeping prices below average

By adhering to such a strategy, you can safely count on successful business and decent profits.

In search of an idea for their own business, many people turn to growing oyster mushrooms at home. In this piece, we'll take a closer look at the costs, profitability, and feedback of this activity. Is it worth the effort or is serious investment and a large enterprise required?

Advantages and disadvantages

This business is in many aspects ideal option for beginners introduction to entrepreneurship. It requires a minimum start-up capital and allows you to start working with small volumes, increasing them over time. Moreover, at the very beginning it is possible to grow mushrooms exclusively for personal use, and as soon as the technology is debugged, enter the market.

The following advantages should also be noted:

1. You can grow mushrooms both in rural and urban areas.
2. High demand for the crop.
3. Ample opportunities for business development and expansion.
4. No need for hired workers, at least in the first stages.
5. No need for a wide list of business contacts.
6. Relatively stable income.

Among the disadvantages are problems with selling really large batches of mushrooms (although the problem will not begin soon, it all depends on the growth rate). You will also need at least minimal knowledge of the subject (this can be accumulated in the process).

It should be noted that such an important factor as seasonality. In summer and autumn, sales often decline, but starting in mid-winter, when the population runs out of its own supplies, demand increases.

Reasons for choosing oyster mushroom

Leaving nutrition aside, taste qualities and usefulness, it is worth noting that compared to the more popular chanterelles, honey mushrooms, champignons and others, oyster mushrooms are quite easy to grow, and the growth rate is high. If under natural conditions a mushroom harvest can be obtained in 2-2.5 months, then under artificial conditions this period is halved.

Crops bear fruit in several waves, the weight of one bunch can reach 200 grams, and record holders grow up to several kilograms, or even more.

A separate advantage is that the mushroom can grow on almost any substrate: stumps, straw, sawdust, even sunflower husks. In some countries, oyster mushrooms are even grown on paper waste. Modern technologies allow us to further expand this list.

Selecting a sales market

Among the most obvious options:

• Independent sale in markets. In this case, you will have to worry about finding a free retail space, making and correctly placing advertising, and attracting the attention of potential buyers. In this case, sales proceed at a retail pace. The advantage is the ability to set your own prices, keeping an eye on your competitors, if any.
• Sales through grocery stores and supermarkets. In every fairly large city there is a retail chain or a separate point that is interested in the wholesale purchase of mushrooms. Unfortunately, most often they offer very low prices. Over time, it will be possible to switch to more favorable terms of cooperation, and the accumulated base of regular customers will remain with you, even if you break off cooperation with point of sale.
• Sales to restaurants. Mushrooms are traditionally in great demand in restaurants. The reason is simple - such establishments cook only from the freshest products. Cooperation will make it possible to quickly and profitably sell large quantities of mushrooms. The rest can be sold using the first or second method.

Needless to say, no matter what option you ultimately decide to resort to, the mushrooms grown must be of the highest quality.

Enterprise registration

Before starting work, you should register your business. To do this, you need to select the OKVED code 01.12.31.

This type business implies three options for a legal form: individual entrepreneur, LLC or peasant farm, that is, a peasant farm. All three have their pros and cons. A form such as personal subsidiary farming will not be suitable in this case.

IP

Makes it possible to grow mushrooms and sell the harvest.

To register, you will need to pay a state fee of 800 rubles, submit an application to switch to the simplified tax system or unified tax system, and also prepare an application in form No. P21001, which will need to be certified by a notary.

You should worry about photocopies of all significant pages of your passport in advance.

OOO

Gives the right to attract investments through loans for Agriculture and through government programs.

To register, you need to pay a state fee of 4,000 rubles, submit application No. P11001, prepare the charter of the LLC and a decision on its opening, have copies of the passports of all founders certified by a notary, and write an application for the transition to the chosen form of taxation.

The authorized capital of the enterprise must be at least 10,000 rubles.

Documentation

Documenting your own farm plays an important role in this matter. The mushroom business in Russia does not provide for obtaining a special certificate.

However, in order to become a successful seller of your products, you will need the result of a laboratory test. You can get it from a food laboratory. Its employees often additionally ask to prepare a safety protocol. It will require an analysis for the presence of radioactive substances and heavy metals.

Documenting the cultivation of oyster mushrooms on an industrial scale (even in your own basement) is an expensive and slow task. Moreover, the resulting protocol will need to be updated every 3 months.

Selecting a room

The choice of premises for creating a mushroom plantation should be made as responsibly as possible. It is preferable to choose places that are fairly humid, but not too hot. If we're talking about about the very beginning of a business, then a basement or cellar at home may be suitable. As the business develops, old cowsheds, vegetable stores and similar buildings can be purchased and refurbished. As a last resort, you can buy a special greenhouse.

Premises requirements:

1. Residual moisture.
2. High-quality ventilation, but without drafts (if no other option is suitable, you can make several holes in the lower part of the wall and extend the hood).
3. The ability to adjust the temperature (especially important in winter).
4. Mandatory disinfection before starting planting work.

A few words about the size of the room. The truck holds about 20 tons of compost for growing. In order to completely distribute it and put it into full use, an area of ​​200-odd square meters will be required. The internal space is divided into sections in which multi-level (depending on the ceiling height) shelving is installed.

Each farm must have at least two passages. The first will be used to transport the harvested crop, it can be made narrower, the second should be much wider - soil will be loaded along it.

Additional premises include a boiler room, a couple of refrigerators for storing collected mushrooms, an area for packaging and various technical premises: change houses, a toilet and others. As a result, the total area of ​​the farm grows to almost 1-1.5 thousand square meters. Of course, at first you can get by with more modest premises.

If you plan to grow oyster mushrooms all year round and entirely on your own, you will have to provide several additional premises:

• An inoculation room, where mushroom blocks will be formed from the finished substrate in bags, into which the mycelium is then seeded.
• Incubation room for mycelium germination.
• Cultivation room for forcing the fruiting body (the largest room, blocks are strung on rods, laid out on multi-tiered racks or suspended).

The first thing you need is a high-quality ventilation and air conditioning system, which will be used to maintain optimal temperature regime and humidity.

For additional heating In winter, water heating boilers are used. Ideally, it is recommended to purchase several full-fledged climate control units that will help regulate atmospheric parameters for mushrooms at different stages of ripening.

Refrigeration chambers are used to store finished products. It is very important that they preserve mushrooms only for a period of three days. In addition, for proper air circulation, they must be filled no more than halfway.

For premises you will need a large number of shelving. Also, depending on the specific variety, bags or boxes will be required for production.

Staff

The overwhelming majority of responsibilities rest with the owner. It is he, at least at the start, who deals with delivery and sales issues. Very often, at the beginning of work, when several relatives are involved in the business, one is responsible for some of the supplies, while the rest deal with direct issues of cultivation, fertilization, planting, etc.

As the farm grows and mushroom production expands, managing everything will become increasingly difficult. At some point, inviting new employees to your small business will become an urgent need. However, there are no special requirements for employees in this matter - they will only be required to be conscientious and lack bad habits and availability medical record.

Considering that none educational institution Since the country does not have a department of mushroom science, it will be simply impossible to find a qualified specialist. Of course, there is always a chance that an experienced person will come across. In this case, it is highly recommended to set his salary depending on output.

It is difficult to say what total number of employees will be required for breeding. One assistant will be enough to grow oyster mushrooms at home. If we are talking about a hundredweight harvest every day, then you will need to attract at least a couple of employees.

At the same time, they will deal only with the mushrooms themselves, while additional forces will be required for marketing products, preparing raw materials for production and for the position of accountant. Of course, one person can combine several roles if desired.

Approximate calculation

An approximate analysis of the expenses and income of a large enterprise can be seen in the table.

Two important points should be noted here:

1. These calculations assume working with a large farm, which has about 100 tons of compost for cultivation; if the scale is reduced, the costs will be lower.
2. The data is based on one processing cycle, but there can be up to four in a year.

Summarizing all of the above, it can be noted that the net profit for one two-month cultivation cycle will be up to 780 thousand rubles. As a result, according to experts, the full payback period for an oyster mushroom farm will be about two years.

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Competition and risks

Separately, it is worth noting the issue of competition. Currently, its level on the market can be assessed as quite low, which, coupled with low requirements for starting a business, makes it especially profitable for beginners. Imported products have recently left the domestic market, but the price level has remained unchanged, and the demand for mushrooms is consistently high.

Competition should be feared mostly from larger producers engaged in industrial breeding. However, there are not many of them on the market today, so there is no need to fear serious opposition to expansion. The risks in this area are also not too great, given the undemanding nature of investments.

conclusions

The main advantage is high profitability. The advantage is that there is no need for significant investments at the initial stage. The income is quite good - it reaches 650 rubles from each processed square meter in 1.5 months.

Another undeniable advantage is ease of use. Oyster mushrooms require much less care than other mushrooms, including.

Experienced businessmen, however, do not deny the presence of a number of difficulties, but they all relate to initial stages establishing the process and sales. Once these issues are settled, everything becomes much simpler and all that remains is to collect and sell the crops.

Video: technology for growing oyster mushrooms.