RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN A CIRCLE
SLAVIC
LANGUAGES
Russian language lesson
in 9th grade school No. 3
Teacher – Martynova M.B.
GOALS:
- show students the relationship of Slavic languages and the place of the Russian language among them;
- to arouse students’ interest in the history of the development of Slavic writing, literature, and culture;
- continue to develop monologue and discussion speech skills.
LESSON PLAN
- The Common Slavic language is the progenitor of the Slavic languages.
- “The Tale of Igor’s Host” is one of the oldest texts in Slavic writing. Workshop.
- Brother languages. Workshop.
- Discussion on the problem of the existence of a common Slavic language.
DURING THE CLASSES
- ORGANIZING TIME.
Slide - 1
Greetings. Report.
The topic of our lesson is “Russian language in the circle of Slavic languages.”
It is dedicated to the problems of the development of Slavic languages.
Slide - 2
During the lesson we will try to determine the relationship of the Slavic languages and the place of the Russian language among them, we will also touch upon the history of the development of Slavic writing, literature, culture, and we will continue to work on the development of monologue and discussion speech.
Slide 3
Lesson plan.
Work in notebooks. Write down the date, class work, topic of the lesson.
Slide 4
We will begin our work in class by defending a project on the topic “The Common Slavic language is the progenitor of the Slavic languages.” Semenchuk R. will introduce him to us.
2. PROTECTION OF THE PROJECT “COMMON SLAVIC LANGUAGE - THE ancestor of the SLAVIC LANGUAGES”
Slide 5
Language is the main means of communication between people. With the help of language, people communicate with each other, convey their thoughts, feelings, desires.
As a means of communication, language is connected with the life of society, with the people who are native speakers of the given language. Language is closely related to thinking and consciousness. The knowledge about the surrounding reality that people acquire in the process of work is consolidated in language - in words, phrases and sentences. With the help of language, people pass on their knowledge and experience from generation to generation.
A long time ago, people pondered the mystery of language, the mystery of its origin. How many fascinating linguistic legends, amazing tales, and bold scientific assumptions the history of mankind knows! Who knows, maybe in the future we will be able to get closer to solving the mystery of human language. In the meantime, the mystery remains a mystery, and modern scientists are unanimous on only one thing: if language suddenly disappeared, people would cease to be people. Language makes a person a person.
We are constantly talking to someone, communicating something and listening to others, reading, writing, singing, thinking, dreaming... and in all these cases we use native language. Without language, human society could not exist.
The languages of the peoples of the world are very diverse in structure and in the history of their development. Some of the languages show similarities in vocabulary, phonetic structure and grammar, others, on the contrary, are far from each other.
Slide 6
The classification of languages according to the degree of their relationship is called genealogical (from the Greek “pedigree”). Genealogically, languages are divided into families, and within families into groups. Languages are grouped into families and groups based on the commonality of their ancient source.
The Russian language is part of the Indo-European family. This family is the largest (it includes about a hundred languages). Among the groups of Indo-European languages stands out Slavic group, she is one of the largest in this family. The number of speakers of modern Slavic languages is about three hundred million people.
2) All Slavic languages go back to the ancient proto-language, which is conventionally called the common Slavic language. The separation of the Slavs from the pan-Indo-European unity occurred in ancient times, around the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC. In ancient times, this language was spoken by the people who inhabited the vast territory of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. The Common Slavic language existed until the middle of the 1st millennium AD.
Map – 1 Slide 7
Slide 8
So, over time, the Slavic tribes settled over a vast territory and, as a result, their connections with each other began to be lost. The language of each of the isolated groups of tribes continued to develop in isolation from the others, acquiring new phonetic, lexical and grammatical features.
Gradually, the common Slavic languages divided into three groups: East Slavic, West Slavic and South Slavic.
Map - 2 Slide 9
Slide 10
The East Slavic group of languages lasted until about the 14th - 15th centuries. and due to the resettlement of tribes over time, it split into Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian - close related languages.
In the 14th-15th centuries. The East Slavic group is divided into three independent languages: Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian.
Slide 11 Cyrillic+ Slide 12
Almost all common Slavic languages have a written form. The eastern and southern Slavs, with the exception of the Croats, write based on the Cyrillic alphabet, or Cyrillic alphabet, an alphabet that was created by the founders of Slavic writing, Cyril and Methodius, while the Western Slavs use the Latin alphabet.
Slide 13
The kinship of the Slavic languages is undeniable. It manifests itself, for example, in lexical composition. Thus, some names of close relatives sound the same or similar in Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Polish and Czech, for example, father, mother, son, sister, etc.
Russian | Ukrainian | Belorussian | Bulgarian | Polish | Czech |
father | father | egg | father | oiciec | otec |
mother | mother | matsi | T-shirt | matka | matka |
son | syn | son | syn |
THERE ARE COMMON WORDS AND ALSO SOME PHONETIC AND GRAMMATICAL SIMILARITY. SO, FOR EXAMPLE, THE WORDS COMMON TO THESE LANGUAGES AREHEAD, HAND, GROUND, ISAND MANY OTHERS.
BUT, ALSO WITH SIMILARITIES, THIS VOCABULARY HAS PHONETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES.
FOR EXAMPLE, THE RUSSIAN WORD DRINK IN THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE CORRESPONDING PETI , IN BELARUSIAN – PITS, BULGARIAN - PIA, SLOVENIAN - piti, etc.
Slide 14
The earliest literary language in which the most ancient Slavic monuments were written is Common Slavic. These are monuments such as the chronicle “The Tale of Bygone Years”, the ancient code of laws “Russian Truth”, “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”.
Slide 15
And this is how the first handwritten books were created.
In the monastic cell...
From the pen of the chronicler Nestor..., who wrote “The Tale of Bygone Years”
Slide 16 - 18
And this is what the pages of the first handwritten books looked like, with which the history of Russian writing began.
3. TEACHER'S WORD.
As we have seen, there are many features that bring together and separate related languages. In this lesson we will observe these features. For example, one of the distinguishing features of the Russian language from Ukrainian and Belarusian in the field of morphology is the absence of a special vocative form in the Russian language.
Another group of students worked on this topic, they conducted research and will now present their findings to us.
Slide 19
MESSAGE “Loss of the vocative form in the Russian language while maintaining it in Ukrainian and Belarusian”
In the Old Russian language, nouns changed according to seven forms of cases. Name form case was used in the Russian language when using addresses. It sounded like this: sister, daughter, son, horse, etc.
Over time, the Russian language has lost the vocative form, although it is still preserved in Ukrainian. and Belarusian language
Although you can pay attention to the fact that often in colloquial speech expressions are used, oh my god! and Lord! These are the remains of a lost form.
Also, some poets and writers used the vocative case form in the language of works of art, for example, Pushkin “What do you want, elder?” or Gogol “Turn around, son!”
Slide 20
4. “The Tale of Igor’s Host” as one of the oldest texts in Slavic writing. Workshop.
Teacher's word.
As already noted, “The Tale of Igor’s Host” is one of the oldest texts in Slavic writing, written in a language understandable to all Slavs. Before starting to work with this book, I would like to read the words of the outstanding scientist Likhachev, which, in my opinion, very accurately convey the meaning of this work.
“This monument is forever fresh. Each era finds something new and unique in it. This is the purpose of true works of art: they say new things to new things, and they are always modern.”
D.S. Likhachev.
Slide 21
Let's work with the source and complete the following task: open the Old Russian text “Words...”, find in the text addresses used in the vocative form, write them down in a notebook (3-4 examples).
Slide 22
Let's check:
“Aren’t we talking ridiculously, brethren... “Isn’t it time for us, brothers, to start speaking about Igor’s campaign?
« About Boyana , nightingale of old times! O boyan, old nightingale,
"Oh Russian land!"
Warm-up (physical break)
Slide 23
5. WORKING WITH THE ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY.
TEACHER'S WORD.
And now we move on to the second part of the lesson, where we will follow the features that are common to all Slavic languages. Etymological dictionaries will help us with this.
Etymological dictionaries exist primarily to explain the origins and history of individual words and morphemes.
In preparation for the lesson, a group of children spent research work and discovered that some words in modern Russian (completely, at first glance, dissimilar) are historically related.
Obertyshev S.
MESSAGE.
The words “doctor” and “lie” historically turn out to be related words. This was established by comparing related Slavic languages. The main ancient meaning of the Bulgarian word “doctor” is the meaning of “healer”, “sorcerer”. The Serbo-Croatian “doctor” also means “sorcerer, sorcerer, soothsayer, healer,” since the doctor knew how to charm diseases. In the Old Church Slavonic language, the word “lie” had the meaning “to speak.” Compare: “to speak”, “to speak”. Only later did it come to mean “to tell a lie, to lie,” and its original meaning of “to speak” was preserved in the word “doctor”
Slide 24
Question What do etymological dictionaries help you find out?
Slide 25
PRACTICUM.
Using an etymological dictionary, show, using the example of the common Slavic word “belly,” the relationship of all three groups of Slavic languages. Write the dictionary entry in your notebook.
Slide 26
EXAMINATION.
Belly is “a part of the body of a person or animal.” A common Slavic word of Indo-European origin. The original meaning of the word belly was “life, acquired, property”
Slide 27
VIEWING A SCENE FROM THE MOVIE “IVAN VASILIEVICH CHANGES YOUR PROFESSION” (based on the play by M. Bulgakov, director L. Gaidai)
Slide 28
Question. What is this dialogue about?
Exercise: read the dialogue, find vocabulary in this passage ancient Rus', 19th century and modern. Write down a few words from different eras.
What technique gives this scene an ironic character?
The hero of this play combined vocabulary from different eras in his speech
JOHN (shouts to director Yakin). Well, pimple, belly or death? Ask the noblewoman!
YAKIN (wheezes). Belly...
ZINA. Belly! Belly! Spare him, Great Sovereign!
JOHN. Belly? Well, have it your way...
YAKIN. Zinaida, tell me something in Slavic.
ZINA. Packs.
YAKIN. Packs. Packs. Your Excellency, have mercy! By the way, you misunderstood me.
JOHN. How can I understand you if you don't say anything?
YAKIN. I don’t speak languages, your honor.
JOHN. I wish you a fur coat from the royal shoulder.
ZINA (to Yakin). Thank you! Thank you!
YAKIN. I am very grateful to you.
YAKIN (a little later ). Because we are really late for the plane.
Blank slide.
TEACHER'S WORD.
So, today in the lesson we observed what the place of the Russian language is in the circle of Slavic languages. The modern Russian language has certain relationships with all other Slavic languages. Using the example of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” we discovered elements that distinguish the Russian language from related languages. Working with the etymological dictionary, we saw the opposite general signs. So was there really a common language for all Slavs? What arguments can be given for and against?
Discussion on the problem of the existence of a common Slavic language
Guys, what do you think, is it possible to believe that a common Slavic language existed, justify your opinion.
Arguments
Against
- There are no surviving texts in this language.
- There is no dictionary of the common Slavic language, and one cannot be compiled.
- The Slavic languages are too different and incomprehensible without translation to representatives of another group of Slavs.
Behind
- Similarities in languages different levels: phonetic, lexical, grammatical.
- Etymology finds many common features in those words that seem unrelated in modern Slavic languages.
- The existence of the Old Church Slavonic language, understandable to all Slavic peoples in the 9th – 10th centuries.
- Most alphabets of Slavic languages are close in number and sound meaning of letters, despite the difference in typefaces
- Ancient chroniclers wrote about a single language; Lomonosov mentions it.
Slide 29
TEACHER'S WORD
At the end of the lesson, I would again like to turn to the words of D.S. Likhacheva.
“Knowledge of the history of one’s people, knowledge of the monuments of their culture opens up a whole world before a person - a world that is not only majestic in itself, but which allows one to see and appreciate modernity in a new way. Knowledge of the past is an understanding of the present. Modernity is the result of the past, and the past is the still undeveloped future.”
D.S. Likhachev.
So, we are approaching the completion of our work, let's summarize.
RATINGS.
Results of the work.
Slide 30
HOMEWORK:
- write down from the etymological dictionary at least 10 words whose origin goes back to the Indo-European family of languages;
- carry out an etymological analysis of one word (optional) that has common Slavic roots.
Russian language belongs to the Slavic languages. All modern Slavic languages are divided into three groups based on geography.
1. East Slavic languages: Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian.
2. West Slavic languages: Polish, Czech and Slovak, as well as the Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian languages.
3. South Slavic languages. These include the languages of the Slavs living on the Balkan Peninsula: Bulgarian and the languages of the peoples of Yugoslavia - Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, Macedonian.
Slavic languages are close to each other. The Russian language is especially close to the Ukrainian and Belarusian languages.
But, listening carefully to the speech of representatives of other Slavic peoples - Poles, Czechs, Bulgarians, Serbs, we also understand it, recognize many familiar words, and sometimes comprehend the meaning of entire sentences.
Here, for example, is how the beginning of the well-known “Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish” by A. S. Pushkin sounds in Bulgarian (translation by Mladen Isaev):
Order for the ribhar and ribkat Nyakoga lived in the region of Moreto, the region of Sinyoto More, an old man and a woman; They lived in a dugout for three decades and three years. The elder caught some fish, and the woman caught it before. That witch grumbled in the sea, but he raked in the mud. The second one dispersed the mrezata - it fell on the algae. He dispersed the third party and drove the fish away from the water, but not just another one, but Zlatna.
It is enough to compare Pushkin’s Russian text with the translation text to see in this passage many Bulgarian words that coincide with the Russians entirely or differ very slightly in sound: Old man, elder, woman, ribka, sea, sinyo (blue), Zemlyanka, goals (whole ), Lovyal (caught), Water, algae, nyakoga (once - in the sense of once), Prela (spun), Prezhda (yarn), Tinya (mud), Three, second (second), Third, friends (others) ; conjunctions And, a, but, etc. Other words differ from Russian only by a suffix or prefix: Prikazka (fairy tale), Zhiveli (lived), Ribar (fisherman), Godina (year), Zagrebal (zagreb), Popadnala (got) , Zlatna (golden, golden). We understand the word Trideset (thirty), because Thirtieth Instead of Thirtieth is often found in Russian folk tales, epics. The preposition Edge is also clear: edge moreto It means “near the sea, on the edge of the sea.” We don’t use the word Mrezha, which means “net,” now, but it can be found in another work of Pushkin - in the poem “The Youth”:
The fisherman spread the net on the shore of the icy sea; The boy helped his father. Boy, leave the fisherman! Other things await you, other worries...
There are much fewer (there are about a dozen in this passage) words that are not at all in the Russian language and that are incomprehensible without knowledge of the Bulgarian language or without a dictionary. These words are: Skhlupena (squat, low), Hvurlil (threw), Toy (he), Tya (she), Vednzh (once), P't (once), Scattered (unfolded, revealed), Izvadil (took out), whom (how ). What catches your eye when reading this passage is such a feature alien to the Russian language as the article. The article exists in many languages, and it is usually placed before the word.
For example, Table In German der Tisch, in French - la table, in English - the table. Unlike these languages, Bulgarian language The article is always added to the end of the word: ribkago, morego, sinyogo, elder, svoyga, mrezata, vodata, other.
There are many words that are used with the same meaning in all Slavic languages. The table on page 39 shows how some of these words sound in the main Slavic languages (approximate pronunciations are given in Russian letters in brackets).
Linguists have established that all Slavic tribes in the first centuries of our era spoke a Proto-Slavic, or common Slavic, language with minor local, dialect differences. The tribes understood each other well, but they lived separately, settled further and further from each other, and the ties between them weakened.
Approximately from the 7th - 9th centuries. a single common Slavic language ceased to exist. It broke up into separate independent Slavic languages.
At the same time, a single East Slavic (Old Russian) language arose.
It was spoken by the ancestors of Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians (all of them belonged to a single Old Russian nationality).
In the XIV - XV centuries. The Old Russian language split into three independent East Slavic languages - Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian. This was facilitated by the long-term separation of Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians after the collapse of the Kyiv state.
The territories where Ukrainians and Belarusians lived were not part of the Russian state; the culture and language of these peoples developed independently. And yet, the East Slavic languages are the closest to each other, since they became independent later than other Slavic languages.
Many words are the same in different Slavic languages; they represent the most ancient, primordial part of the Slavic vocabulary. They have been preserved from the common Slavic language, or, as linguists say, they go back to the common Slavic era. These words are still vital and most commonly used. For example, among the nouns in the Russian language, common Slavic words include words denoting family relationships (mother, father, son, daughter, brother, sister, grandfather, etc.), names of body parts (head, tooth, nose, arm, leg, side Etc.), names of parts of the day (day, night, evening), Seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter), Natural phenomena (rain, thunderstorm, snow, wind), Geographical designations(shore, swamp, field, river, sea, lake), Names. trees, plants (oak, birch, linden, pine, spruce, carrot, pumpkin, grass), Domestic animals (cow, coga, horse, cat, sheep, dog, pig), Wild animals (wolf, hare, snake, bear, deer), Names of labor tools (rakes, pitchforks, needles, knives, threads, awls, etc.).
Need to download an essay? Click and save - » Russian language among Slavic languages. And the finished essay appeared in my bookmarks.
The purpose of the lesson: 1.Get an idea of the place of the Russian language among other Slavic languages. 2. Develop the ability to reason on a given topic. 3. Cultivate interest and love for the Russian language, the desire to study it.
Language is the history of a people. Language is the path of civilization and culture. A. Kuprin
- Explain how you understand the statement of the writer A.I. Kuprin?
- Justify your point of view.
Related languages are which historically go back to one language - ancestor - proto-language .
All Slavic languages (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Czech, Bulgarian, Polish, etc.) go back to the ancient proto-language, which is conventionally called Proto-Slavic language.
In ancient times, this language was spoken by the people inhabiting a vast territory Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe.
Proto-Slavic language lasted until the middle of the 1st millennium AD. uh .
Over time Slavic the tribes settled over a vast territory and, as a result, their connections with each other began to be lost.
The language of each of the isolated groups of tribes continued to develop in isolation from others, acquiring new phonetic, lexical and grammatical peculiarities.
Gradually Slavic languages are divided into three groups:
1). East Slavic languages;
2). West Slavic languages;
3). South Slavic languages.
In the 10th century, with the adoption of Christianity, church books written in Old Church Slavonic began to arrive in Rus' from Bulgaria. This contributed to the spread writing.
Over time Old Church Slavonic the language, having undergone the sound and grammatical influence of the Russian language, received the name Church Slavonic and until the 17th century it was used as one of the varieties of Russian literary language.
Ancient East Slavic The language is the language of the ancient Eastern Slavs.
Old Russian this language is called because the Eastern Slavs, having created an independent state - Kievan Rus , formed a single ancient Russian nationality.
The most ancient monuments of writing
11th-13th centuries are common to all East Slavic languages.
Such monuments as the chronicle “The Tale of Bygone Years”, the oldest code of laws “ Russian Truth», "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
In the history of the Russian language
There are three periods:
1). 6-7-14 centuries;
2). 15-17th centuries;
3). 18-20th centuries
First the period begins with the separation of the Eastern Slavs (ancestors of Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians) from the pan-Slavic unity.
From this time on, East Slavic ( Old Russian ) language.
Start second period - the collapse of a single East Slavic language and the emergence of language Great Russian nationalities.
Significant changes in public life, which occurred at the turn of the Middle Ages and modern times, caused serious changes in the language.
The development of economic and political ties of Muscovite Rus', the growth of the authority of Moscow, the dissemination of documents of Moscow orders was the reason that Moscow dialect formed the basis for what began to take shape in the 17th century Russian national language.
In the process of synthesis of various elements (folk-colloquial basis, features of business language, Western European borrowings, Slavicisms) norms Russian national literary language. In the history of the Russian language comes third period.
- Using these pictures, tell about the group of Slavic languages.
- Name the languages that are related to the Russian language.
- How are these languages related?
- Give examples that prove the kinship of Slavic languages.
Depending on origin original Russian words are divided into three main groups:
words common Slavic,
East Slavic And
actually Russians.
Common Slavic words inherited by the Old Russian language from the base language that existed
up to 5-6 centuries AD on the territory inhabited in prehistoric times by Slavic peoples.
TO pan-Slavic words include: 1). Names of persons by kinship (mother, daughter, son, brother, etc.);
2). Name of occupations and tools (reaper, healer, shepherd, weave, whip); 3). Name of home, clothing, household utensils (house, yard, window, candle); 4). Name of food and products (porridge, kvass, pie, honey jelly); 5). Name of plants, objects and natural phenomena (plow, plow, sickle, birch, linden, pine, earth, field. mountain, sky, winter, morning, sun).
East Slavic (Old Russian) words arose in the 11th-14th centuries.
This includes words that are common
For Russian, Ukrainian
And Belarusian languages,
components once
unity – Old Russian
language. There are many such words
(uncle, man, carpenter,
squirrel, architect. pantry,
basket, rocker,
bag, tablecloth, samovar,
boat, flower, lace).
Actually Russian words appeared from the 14th century. (after the division of the East Slavic language into Russian,
Ukrainian, Belarusian).
These include all words, with the exception of borrowings (grandmother, grandfather, woman, man, boy, child, calf, cuckoo, swallow, chamomile, dandelion, fairy tale, blizzard, etc.).
Old Slavonic name words and parts of words that came from Old Church Slavonic, ancient language Slavs B9c. This language was a written language in Bulgaria, Macedonia, Serbia, and at the end of the 10th century. (after the adoption of Christianity) spread to Rus'.
How to distinguish Old Church Slavonicisms
from original Russian words?
Firstly, Old Church Slavonicisms denote abstract concepts ( generosity, virtue, goodness, consideration etc.); scientific concepts ( universe, saying, pronoun, rule etc.); church and religious concepts ( Sunday, sacrifice, vice, temple, priest etc.).
Secondly, from the phonetic side characterized by incomplete combinations : -ra-, -la-, -re-, -le- in place of the Russians -oro-, -olo, -ere-, -barely- ( hail, healthy, head, breg );
combinations : -ra-, -la- in beginning of a word in place of the Russians ro-, lo-( work, rook ); combination railway , corresponding to Russian: walking (I'm walking) cloth (clothes), alien (stranger).
Agreeable sch in place of the Russian m oshch (to be able), burning (hot), lighting (candle).
Initial a, e instead of I, o: az (I), lamb (lamb), one (one), ezero (lake).
The Russian language has a lot word-forming elements of Old Church Slavonic origin:
Prefixes: from-, from-, bottom-, pre-, pre-, through- ( recompense, despise, overthrow, prefer, excessive);
Noun suffixes: -eni-, -enst-, -est-, - zn, -izn-, -ni(e), -tel, -ch(i), -yn(i) ( unity, supremacy, life, guardian, helmsman, pride). Suffixes of adjectives and participles: -aysh-, -eysh-, -ash-, -yush-, -im-, -om-, -ush-, -enn- ( kindest, persecuted, led, coming, blessed).
First part difficult words: good-, god-, evil-, sin-, great-, etc. ( give thanks, God-fearing, slander, fall from grace, generous, etc.).
Training exercise.
- To data Old Slavonicisms choose the appropriate Russian words.
P ra X -
G la va-
N ra V -
P oro X
G olo va
N oro V
E laziness -
ABOUT laziness
Neve railway A -
Chu railway y –
St ra on -
TO ra thin –
IN ra ta -
Neve and A
Chu and Ouch
St oro on
TO oro soft
V oro that
Do all the corresponding Russian words coincide with the Old Slavonic ones in meaning?
An essay is a reasoning.
(Thoughts on the history of the Russian language).
- When writing, use phrases: proto-Slavic language,
the spread of writing, East Slavic (Old Russian language), common Slavic words, the most ancient monuments of writing, the dialect of Moscow at the basis of the national literary language, Russian words themselves, the use of Old Slavonicisms.
- To give your speech special expressiveness, use Old Slavonicisms.
Continue the sentences:
I found out today...
It was interesting to me…..
Homework.
§ 1, Ex.4
Osipova Tatyana Khalilbagovna,
teacher of Russian language
MAOU "Svetlinskaya Secondary"
comprehensive school No. 2"
Russian language
Class 9
UMK"Russian language"(authors: Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I., Kapinos V.I., Lvov V.V.) edited by Razumovskaya M.M., Lekant P.A. - 3rd ed. - M.: Bustard, 2012.
Lesson No. 1. Russian language in the family of Slavic languages (1 hour)
Type lesson a: a lesson in learning new material.
The purpose of the lesson: 1 ) Give an idea of the place of the Russian language in the family of Slavic languages.
Lesson objectives:1) Introduce students to a group of Slavic languages, show the place of the Russian language among them.
2) Continue to develop the ability to work with linguistic text.
3) Cultivate interest in the Russian language.
Planned results : evaluate their own educational activities, construct a speech statement, extract the necessary information, make generalizations and conclusions, are able to formulate their own opinion and position, and ask questions.
Equipment :textbook.
During the classes:
I . Organizing time .
II . Introduction to the textbook .
Students together with the teacher set goals and objectives for the new academic year. Students become familiar with the table of contents of the textbook, symbols, reference materials. The teacher voices the requirements for keeping notebooks and preparing homework.
III .Updating knowledge.
Remember what an epigraph is? What is his role? Read the epigraph on page 3 of the textbook. How do you understand it? What will we talk about in class today?
Lesson topic message.
IV .Explanation of the topic of the lesson .
A language, like a person, cannot exist on its own; it also has a family, relatives, i.e. related languages. Just like it is similar friend People are similar to each other, so there are similar languages. They are related, therefore they have common ancestor. This is a proto-Slavic language, which was spoken by all Slavs in ancient times. We can still observe this similarity by comparing the spelling and pronunciation of words.
Let's turn to the materials in exercise 1 to find out which languages are related to the Russian language, how the related ties of these languages are manifested.
Students read the text paragraph by paragraph, highlighting the most important information.
Let's summarize everything we talked about. Answer in writing the question: “Why are some words belonging to different Slavic languages similar?” Finish the sentence: “The similar sound of some words from different Slavic languages is explained by the fact that...”
V . Consolidation of what has been learned .
1) Carefully look at the picture on page 4. Based on it, make up a story about groups of Slavic languages. (work in pairs)
2) Exercise 3 (orally). Assignment: determine the similarity of Russian words with similar words in Slavic languages.
VI .Lesson summary .
At the end of the lesson, I would like to turn to the words of D.S. Likhacheva: “Knowledge of the history of one’s people, knowledge of the monuments of their culture opens up a whole world for a person - a world that is not only majestic in itself, but which allows one to see and appreciate modernity in a new way. Knowledge of the past is an understanding of the present. Modernity is the result of the past, and the past is the still undeveloped future.”
What tasks did we set for ourselves today?
What result did you get?
What new did you learn in the lesson?
What did you like?
VII .Homework : §1; exercise 4 (written), exercise 5 (orally).
Methodological support for the lesson:
2) Russian language lessons in 8th grade: lesson plans based on the textbook by M.M. Razumovskaya, S.I. Lvovoy, V.I. Kapinos, V.V. Lvov / comp. O.A. Fintisova. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2010.
