Scheme of a pumping station for a private house involves pumping liquid from one place to another. The process is carried out using working and standby units. In addition to the pump, you need: a pressure tank with a membrane, a cable, a relay that responds to changes in pressure, and a pressure gauge that measures pressure.
The list also includes elements for connection and grounding. The exact list of components and operating mode of the station largely depend on its type. Therefore, homeowners are faced with a choice.
What types of pumping stations are there for a private home?
Pumping station for a private house may be superficial or submerged. The first involves placing the equipment at a maximum depth of 9 meters. Centrifugal models are capable of lifting water from there.
Their alternative is vortex stations deepened just a few meters. They increase the fluid pressure in the system and are compact. The centrifugal stations are massive. Vortex ones are easier to mount and connect to nodes.
Maintenance Due to the minimal depth and miniature size, it is also simplified. Repairing vortex models is more profitable than centrifugal ones, and the cost of the stations themselves is budget-friendly. Costing more and going deeper, centrifugal pumps break down less often and provide greater efficiency.
A nine-meter deepening of surface stations is not enough for effective sound insulation. To make it acceptable, the equipment is placed in extensions or caissons - chambers located in water-saturated layers. Surface stations do not care about airing the system. They also cope well with streams of dirty water.
Submersible pumps lift water from a depth of 50 meters. This is maximum. Deep work involves installing the system in . Servicing equipment there is problematic. But the warranty period for installations is longer than for surface ones. In addition, deep-well pumps are protected from overheating and dry running, because they are completely immersed in water.
The lineup and a list of possible technical characteristics there are more stations in the category. Another plus is the absence of complicated installation; it is enough to lower the pump into the well. The noise from there does not reach the surface.
Deep water supply pumping stations for a private home more expensive than superficial ones. The choice of submersible options often falls when it is not possible to bring the water closer to the surface.
We have to lower the system to the load-bearing layers. The equipment is connected to the ground by a safety rope. Its break leads to the pump falling to the bottom of the well. Only specialists can get the system from there.
Some homeowners pull on the electrical cable when the safety wire breaks. It is not always possible to lift a system across the sky. More often than not, the pump gets stuck, becoming damaged and blocking the operation of the well.
Surface and submerged stations are either manual or automatic. In the latter case, the liquid level in the tank is controlled by the system. The installation starts automatically when the minimum value is reached.
Convenient and affordable for regular use. However For dacha private home automatic pumping station- unjustified luxury. If the stay in a building is seasonal, the choice of consumers often falls on manually controlled systems.
Stations are also divided according to purpose. Some pump water into the house. In others, the pump pushes wastewater to the septic tank. Last option - Sewage pumping station. For a private home it may be required when it is not possible to provide the required slope of the drainage system. This prevents waste from flowing by gravity.
The pumping station eliminates the problem and eliminates the need to organize a cesspool, transporting sewage to the septic tank. Sometimes it is impossible in principle to organize the slope of the drainage system. Disposal objects are located in basements. They make swimming pools and laundries there. The wastewater will not flow away from them by gravity.
In sewerage stations there are 2 pumps - the main one and the backup one. They are supplied in compact containers. The backup pump is activated by a sensor that responds to a critical level of wastewater. The measure excludes 100% filling of the tank. It can be made of metal or fiberglass. Last material excludes chemical reactions with sewage.
How to choose a pumping station
The characteristics of a station are affected not only by its type. Case materials are also important. Cast iron, for example, minimizes pump noise, but is heavy and susceptible to corrosion even with good protection from moisture. Steel is lighter and in stainless steel does not deteriorate when in contact with oxygen and moisture. However, there is a lot of noise from stainless steel pumps.
An alternative to cast iron and steel are plastic systems. Their bodies are made of high-strength polymers. They have a low price, physical parameters when in contact with water are unchanged, light weight, and minimal noise.
Electrical components are located inside the pump housing. For efficient work they must be protected from moisture, dirt, and dust. The possibility of their penetration into the housing is reflected in the marking with numbers next to the letters IP. Maximum protection is 54 units.
If the water in the well does not meet the requirements of the sanpin, the pump must have coarse and fine filters. If the fluid quality is proper, a coarse filter is sufficient. It will remove suspended matter from the water. If it gets into the system without a filter, the equipment will wear out faster. For non-stationary type surface pumps, the presence of carriers is important.
These are handles that you can use to lift and move equipment. Among the technical characteristics, the volume of the hydraulic accumulator is important. A large one makes the system more expensive, but allows it to turn on and off less often, saving electricity. If the latter is turned off, the capacious hydraulic accumulator provides a solid supply of water.
Pay attention before how to choose a pumping station for a private house it is also necessary to ensure that its power matches the needs of the household. On average, 0.7 cubic meters of water passes through a working sink per hour.
The dishwasher, washing machine, shower and watering hydrant need the same amount. For a bathtub the figure is 1.1 cubic meters, and for a washbasin, bidet and toilet - 0.4. A minimum of 10% must be added to the calculated water consumption. If the station operates without a safety margin, it will quickly fail.
For most private houses, stations pumping 4-5 thousand liters of water per hour are sufficient. It is convenient to make accurate calculations of needs by indicating points of consumption and their quantity, for example: 1 household tap, 2 kitchen sinks and 2 washbasins, 1 bath. Further, the possibility of simultaneous operation of water-consuming devices is prescribed. This will help you calculate the peak flow by selecting the corresponding station.
Installed at one depth, the station usually draws water from another. This parameter (the ratio of vertical to horizontal pipes) also needs to be taken into account with an increase of 15%. The sampling depth can be calculated by adding the depth of the well and the distance of the station from it divided by 3. The unit of measurement is meter.
The selection criteria also include additional equipment options, for example, protection against overheating and idling. This function is available on automatic models. The system turns off the motor when the water supply stops.
This prevents engine overheating and damage. However, there are budget-friendly ways to avoid dry running, for example, a portable float. It is a floating plastic housing with an electric switch, a lever and a steel sphere inside.
The float is installed in the tank. The ball changes the position of the lever if the position of the body changes. This is how the necessary contacts are switched between the three wires. They come from the cable, and that comes from the switch.
Float signals, like automated system sensors, turn off the station motor outside the water supply. In order for the system to work properly, the plastic box must be sealed and the supply cable must be moisture-resistant.
Station installation and diagram
Installation of a pumping station in a private house carried out either by specialists or by the owners. In the latter case it is often necessary step-by-step instruction. The first stage in it is the development of an equipment installation diagram. You can draw on a computer or plain paper.
The second stage is preparing the station and filters, if they are not included in the basic package. You will also need a check valve, connectors, fum tape, a utility knife, screwdrivers, watering guns, a supply hose and a corrugated one for liquid intake.
According to the scheme, the equipment is lowered into a well, boreholes, or installed on a “pedestal” in a utility room. In this case, a corrugation with a diameter of the pump outlet or larger is supplied.
The connection is sealed with fum tape. Simply put, it is a film made of fluoroplastic. An intake-type check valve is installed at the opposite end of the corrugated hose.
Having dealt with the corrugation, you need to connect the station to the water supply system. Connectors are used. Such adapter devices are used not only in the installation of pumps, but also when connecting to the Internet or TV signal.
After connecting the pump to the water supply system, the built-in filter or filling head of the device is filled with water, and the outlet connection is screwed on. This prepares the stations for operation.
The next step is to connect the cable from the pump to the outlet. Next, open the taps slightly to bleed the air. When the pump turns on and water flows, the taps are blocked. The system has been put into operation. Connecting a pumping station is considered easy and can be mastered by most homeowners.
Prices of pumping stations and reviews about them
Minimum price of a pumping station for a private house- 3200 rubles. Models at this price pump about 30 liters of water per hour. The tank volume of budget stations does not exceed 3 liters. The maximum heating of the liquid for 3 thousand rubles can be obtained equal to 40 degrees. The power of the stations is usually 310 watts.
The minimum price of a submersible station is 5,100 rubles. Productivity at this price tag does not reach 2 cubic meters per hour. The “kit” includes dry-running protection and automatic restart. The volume of the hydraulic accumulator in budget models rarely exceeds 2 liters.
The maximum cost of submersible stations for private houses rarely exceeds 35 thousand rubles. For surface samples, the maximum is 30 thousand rubles. At the same time, price serves as one of the criteria for compiling ratings of the best pumps.
Rating of the best pumping stations for a private home
The rating of the most popular pumping stations for a private home usually includes 5 models. The most expensive of them is Grundfos Hudrojet JP 5/60. For a station with a power of 775 watts they are asking more than 29 thousand rubles.
In this case, the pump reservoir holds 60 liters, and the intake is carried out from a depth of 8 meters. The installation weighs about 23 kilograms, is made of stainless steel, and pumps 50 liters per minute. Auto control "included".
The most budget-friendly of the popular options is Caliber SVD 410/2. The station costs 5350 rubles. The power of the device is 410 watts, but the tank volume is only 2 liters. The fence is carried out from a 9-meter depth. The station body is cast iron. The pump capacity is 30 liters per minute, and the weight is 12 kilograms.
The mid-range price includes Gilex Jumbo 60/35 P-24 4021. For a price of 7,700 rubles, consumers receive a system with a power of 600 watts, weighing about 13 kilos, a plastic case, a pressure gauge, and a 60-liter capacity. The volume of the pump tank is 24 liters.
Closer to budget rating of pumping stations for a private home Quattro Elementi Automatico 601 is located. The power of the station is 600 watts. The volume of the tank is 20 liters, and the depth of the fence is 8 meters. The pump weighs 12 kilos, is made of plastic and costs 6,540 rubles. Pressure gauge included. The installation pumps 46 liters of water per minute.
It remains to mention Matabo HWW 3300/5 G. The system costs almost 10 thousand rubles. The power of the station is 900 watts. The volume of the pump tank is 24 liters. The total weight of the station is 19 kilograms. The cast iron body is equipped with convenient brackets for mounting. The installation produces 55 liters of water per minute.
Regarding manufacturing countries, stations from German and Italian companies are considered the best. Among the latter are the products of Marina, Ergus and Pedrollo. There are more German companies on the list. The stations Gardena, Metabo, Grundfos, Wilo SE are praised. Of the Russian ones, Vikhr and Zubr have proven themselves positively.
Automation of country water supply will allow you to completely forget about the lack of benefits of civilization outside the city. To implement this idea, you need an inexpensive, productive pumping station that can easily do all the hard and, admittedly, thankless work for the owners. You don’t want to always carry water in buckets, do you?
We will tell you which pumping station for your dacha will be the best purchase. Let us list what criteria the buyer should be guided by. Here you will find a description of the design features and specifics of connecting the equipment.
An excellent addition to the information is the rating of water supply stations, based on personal experience summer residents in choosing equipment. With the help of the information we provide, supported by photos and videos, you can easily solve the problem of purchasing a unit and arranging the system.
Indeed, is a pumping station really necessary at the dacha? Isn't it easier to buy a regular one, which does not require special maintenance and is cheaper?
This option is the most common, particularly in summer cottages, where the owners live only in summer time, but far from the most effective.
Image gallery
Providing a private home or country house with water is one of the most important components comfortable stay In the countryside. In the absence of a centralized water supply, there is little. For uninterrupted operation In a water supply system, it is mandatory to have a water pumping station in it, which will ensure the supply of water to each of the water intake points. Choosing a suitable unit for your home plumbing is not difficult. It is important to take into account all comments and reviews regarding each of the water stations for your home or garden.
Design and principle of operation of the pumping station
The main task of the pumping station is to provide residential buildings and adjacent land with water from artificial or natural sources. It is these units that help fill additional tanks intended for watering the garden or garden plants, as well as provide water to traditional water collection points:
- geyser;
- etc.
Design of a pumping station for a private house
As a rule, a pumping station is a combination of several separate mechanisms combined into one powerful device for pumping water. Each of the elements of the device has a very important task:
- Pump. The workhorse of the station. It pumps water directly from the source to the reservoir.
- Hydraulic accumulator. Presented in the form of a hydropneumatic tank with a volume of 18 to 100 liters.
- Pressure switch. It is used to control the station.
- Check valve. Prevents liquid from flowing back to the source.
- Pressure gauge. Allows you to monitor pressure readings in the system.
- Connecting hoses and pipes.
Advice. A filtration system installed in front of the pumping station will not only provide users with purified water, but will also extend the life of the water supply system by removing hardness salts, organic compounds and suspended substances from the liquid.
What to consider when choosing a water pumping station
The first thing you need to pay attention to when purchasing a station is the power of the pump. The water pressure in the system and its flow rate depend on this indicator. The water supply parameter should be close to the maximum volume of consumption at all water points. As a rule, this indicator is averaged rather roughly and all models are adapted to a nominal flow rate of 1.5-9 m3/h.
Water pumping station
The pressure indicator is also entered into the station characteristics table separately. In the passport it is indicated as the distance over which the pump supplies water. But in fact, this parameter means the pressure that the station is capable of creating. So, the indicated pressure of 40 m shows that the pump will create a pressure of 4 atmospheres under ideal conditions. Since during operation there are some pressure losses on the pipeline layout, as well as water rising to a certain height, this figure will be significantly lower.
Important! A powerful device does not always justify the investment in it. As a rule, the productivity of such a system will exceed the filling of the well. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the well. The shorter the distance to the source of water intake and the higher the level of occurrence water resource, the less power the purchased device should have.
Also, when choosing a water pumping station, it is necessary to take into account the autonomy of the unit. This will be needed by users living in areas with power supply problems. To ensure uninterrupted operation of the pump, you can additionally install a generator or solar battery on the site.
Types of pumps
Water stations differ from each other in the types of pumping units. This is the main part of the system that does all the main work. That is why the emphasis must be placed on choosing a pump for the water supply station of a private house.
Also, surface pumps differ in the type of ejector device. Designs are available with built-in and remote devices.
- Models with built-in ejector Use when water depth is no more than 7 meters. Such pumps can lift water with a high concentration of mineral salts, gases and particles up to 2 mm in size. Capable of creating high pressure. Water is collected using a reinforced hose, the end of which is immersed in the source. As a rule, this type of pump is equipped with a coarse filter, which prevents sand and other large contaminants from entering the housing.
Centrifugal surface pump with built-in ejector
- Pumps with remote ejector capable of pumping water from a depth of up to 40 m. In this case, the diameter of the well should not be less than 100 mm. A prerequisite for installing such a device is the additional installation of a filtration system. Such models are installed when the water source is located at a distance from the pumping station.
Self-priming pump with remote ejector
The durability, noiselessness and stability of the plumbing system depend on the material from which the product body is made:
- stainless steel - increases the cost of the product, improves the aesthetic appearance of the station, does not affect the quality of the pumped liquid, but does not have sound insulation;
- cast iron – a prerequisite is the application of an anti-corrosion layer, it pleases with a good level of sound insulation;
- plastic is practically silent, the possibility of corrosion and the presence of rust in water is excluded.
Hydropneumatic tank
Equipping water pumping stations with an accumulation tank will make the system autonomous in the event of a sharp drop in the water level at the source. This is achieved by accumulating the nominal amount of water resource specified in the documents accompanying the product. In addition, it acts as a pressure regulator in the water supply system.
Hydraulic accumulators
The volume of the expansion tank directly depends on resource consumption. Consequently, the greater the number of simultaneously active water points, the larger the required tank volume. The most common station models are equipped with hydropneumatic tanks up to 50 liters. Maximum volume – 100 l.
Advice. If only 1 person lives in a house or country house, then a tank with a volume of 18-21 liters will be sufficient.
Electronic control – additional protection of the pumping station
To increase the service life of the water station, it is equipped with an electronic control unit. The main functions that lie on it are protective.
The disadvantage of pumping stations equipped with electronic control is their increased cost. This is what turns off many buyers.
Rules for installing a water pumping station for a private house
The main thing when installing a pumping station on a site is choosing a location for its placement. Here you need to take into account all the basic requirements:
- the distance to the source of water intake must correspond to the characteristics specified in the passport;
- the device must be installed in a heated room if operation is planned in winter;
- to avoid condensation caused by temperature differences environment and the pumped liquid, it is imperative to select a well-ventilated area;
- Providing soundproofing of the walls of the room will help maintain the level of comfort in the house.
Water pump installation diagram
To dampen pump vibration, the station is installed on shock-absorbing rubberized pads or a mat. It is also important to take care of the grounding of the installation operating from the mains. This will ensure the safety of the system’s interaction with household members.
If the station pipes are not sealed, the pressure is lost. Therefore, in case of any deviations in the operation of the system, it is imperative to inspect all connections in the device.
Timely maintenance of the system will help prolong the operation of the water pumping station. Regular inspection for damage or blockages will save you from additional costs for repairs and the purchase of new equipment.
Pumping station for a private house: video
Pumping station: photo
If you look at the location of the largest water supply stations and sewage treatment plants in Moscow, you will notice that the former are mainly located in the northwestern half of the city (or rather, a little beyond its borders), and the latter in the southeast. This location is due to the natural topography. The main sources of Moscow's water supply are the Moscow River and the Volga (which supplies the city with water through the Moscow Canal). Water intake is carried out to the city, in the northwest, where the water is still clean. The water purified at the stations enters the city, where it is used by businesses and residents, after which the dirty water enters the sewerage system. This is where the fun begins! Most of Moscow sewer network(and this is thousands of kilometers) - gravity flow. Those. The water in the pipes flows on its own due to the slope. These pipes are laid for the most part using the natural slope of the area. And the natural slope of the area is almost always a river or stream. So it turns out that the main sewer canals run along rivers and often even bear their name. However, most of Moscow’s rivers and streams (and there are more than a hundred of them) have also been flowing in pipes for a long time, and ordinary streets run above them, and many city residents do not even suspect how many pipes are right under their feet. Ultimately, all wastewater flows to the lowest part of the city - to the southeast, where the Kuryanovsky and Lyuberetsky treatment plants are located (and where the Moscow River flows). In essence, the city “drinks” the Moscow River and the Volga water, passes it through itself and, purifying it, pours it back out.
However, as usual, there are exceptions everywhere. It is not possible to completely make the sewerage network gravity-flowing. In some places it would be extremely difficult to lay gravity channels, in others it is simply impossible. In addition, the network itself is much more complex than the simplified description above - there are all kinds of backup, connecting, bypass and other channels, there are siphons under the rivers. Sometimes, sewage drains still have to be raised higher along the terrain, and not allowed to flow by gravity. In such cases, sewage pumping stations (SPS) are built.
The first water pumping station appeared in Moscow along with the sewer system in 1898. It was located on the current Krutitskaya embankment near the current Proletarskaya metro station. All the sewer waters of Moscow flowed to it by gravity. At the water pumping station itself there were steam engines and pumps that pumped wastewater into pressure pipes leading to, which in turn went to the Lublin filtration fields, located on the site of the current Maryino district. The beautiful brick building of this CPS has still been preserved, although it has not been used for its intended purpose for a long time. By the way, there is a water museum on the territory, which is highly recommended for visiting.
Since then, the sewer system has constantly evolved. Currently, there are 154 CNSs operating in Moscow. I will show and tell you about the largest of them - the Central KNS, launched in 1980. This pumping station is located very close to the first pumping station, only on the other bank of the Moscow River, closer to the Paveletskaya metro station. It receives wastewater from the central part of the city and pumps it through pressure pipelines to the Kuryanovsky and Lyubertsy treatment plants. The design capacity of the station is 1,000,000 cubic meters per day. According to Mosvodokanal, it is the largest in Europe.
From the outside, the Central KNS looks like a relatively small, nondescript industrial building. However, all the most interesting things are not in this building, but under it. Below the building is a huge circular concrete structure, about 15 meters deep, which houses the equipment. In general, the station structure is quite simple.
First, wastewater flows through underground collectors into a receiving chamber, from where, spreading through several channels, it flows through special gratings.
These grilles are similar to those used on wastewater treatment plants, but the holes in them are much larger.
They are designed to catch large debris that can damage pumps and other equipment installed further down. The collected garbage is lifted onto special conveyors and collected. It is then crushed in a crusher and dumped back into the receiving tank.
After passing through the screens, wastewater enters the common distribution chamber. Behind the chamber there are nine pumps that pump water further through the pipes.
The pumps are centrifugal "snails". Each pump can be turned on and off independently; in addition, a system of pipes and valves is installed after the pumps, which also allows different pumps to be connected to different pressure pipes (threads) going into the city.
In the photo there are pipes going into the city:
The pumps are driven by huge motors, each with a power of 1.6 MW. For comparison, this capacity is comparable to the capacity of one metro train or approximately 160 apartments.
A photograph cannot convey the sensations of these engines, but it can be described in words :)
They operate relatively quietly, but vibration and trembling are clearly felt next to them. A powerful stream of warm air escapes from the round holes.
These motors are high-voltage, powered directly by a voltage of 10 kV. For nameplate lovers:
They are specially installed significantly higher than the pumps and pipelines themselves - in the event of an accident and flooding of the pumping station, they will not be flooded. View of the drive shaft between the motor and the pump:
The pumps are installed with a large reserve in case of peak loads, accidents and scheduled repairs. Now two of them are undergoing scheduled repairs. The photo shows the rotor of one of the motors, weighing almost 9 tons:
The dimensions of the entire structure are clearly visible with a person in the frame :)
The SNS is powered by four independent inputs. The station has an impressive 10 kV switchgear (integrated switchgear) with vacuum circuit breakers and transformers for powering low-voltage equipment.
The CNS is controlled from the local control room, which is located in the ground part of the building. Operators monitor the condition of equipment and instrument readings around the clock. All control is automated.
There are a number of interesting nuances in managing the sewerage system. First of all - uneven flow Wastewater, which varies greatly both throughout the year and during the day. Moreover, it changes depending on global processes occurring in the country.
In my previous reports on water supply and sewerage facilities, I have repeatedly written that despite the constant increase in the number of residents in Moscow, water consumption and, accordingly, the amount of wastewater has decreased over the past couple of decades. There are many reasons for this, but the main two are:
1) More economical water consumption by the population and enterprises, due to the installation of meters and the use of more economical equipment.
2) Closing of the largest Moscow industrial enterprises- ZIL, Hammer and Sickle, AZLK and others.
The second point greatly affected the uneven flow of wastewater. If previously the unevenness coefficient (the ratio of the maximum to the minimum flow rate during the day) was approximately 1.6, now it is approximately 2.5. At 4-5 in the morning, all normal people have been asleep for a long time and do not use water, so the flow of wastewater is minimal, but at 7-8 in the morning they wake up and go to wash and the amount of wastewater increases sharply. If earlier this was partly smoothed out by the constant powerful runoff from enterprises (and, I suspect, leaking taps and tanks everywhere), now it is not.
There are also seasonal changes in flow. There is more wastewater in winter than in summer, partly due to snow melting points, which use sewers to discharge and melt snow, and partly due to a generally greater population activity than during the summer holiday period.
According to Mosvodokanal workers, there are three main peaks in the year - this is the evening of December 31 (if it does not fall on a weekend), August 31 (if not Friday) and the days when the upper layers of soil begin to thaw in the spring, as a result of which, due to leaks in seams in thousands of wells throughout Moscow, additional flood water begins to flow into them.
In order to more efficiently manage the entire sewerage system, and especially all pumping stations, Mosvodokanal created a department for the operational management of pumping stations.
Information flows into this center from all SNSs, from many level sensors installed on the networks. Moreover, from here you can click the mouse to remotely control pumps and valves at the pumping station, view images from surveillance cameras, the location of emergency crews on the map, etc. All in all modern technologies work for the benefit of the sewer system :)
I express my deep gratitude to the press service of Mosvodokanal for the invitation, Deputy general director- to the head of the sewerage department, Mikhail Valerievich Bogomolov, for an excellent tour with a story about the facilities and to all the other employees of Mosvodokanal for good and high-quality work.
