Question: “How to become happy or happy?”– was, is and will always be relevant for any person, because everyone wants to be happy! There are thousands of illusions about how and how it can be achieved, everyone has their own, but the problem is that not a single such illusion (delusion) makes a person happy. That's why in real life You can meet so few truly happy people, and so happy in everything.
We have already said what you need to be Happy:
- So that in a person’s life and in his soul there are many revealed sources of Joy. Read about Happiness and sources of joy.
- Understand and remove from your life the main sources (sources) of everything that deprives a person of happiness. Read more about the sources of suffering.
In general, upon careful study of the previous two articles about and, for many it will become clear and obvious what needs to be done to achieve Happiness. In this article, we will look at the algorithm - mandatory actions and principles that need to be implemented in order to become happy or happy.
How to become happy or happy? Algorithm of actions
What you need to do to become happy or happy:
1. “Knowledge is primary!”. In order for these very true sources of joy in one’s life and one’s life to be found and revealed, as well as to identify and neutralize all the causes of suffering - Need Knowledge! Knowledge about, about the inner world, about what makes a person unhappy (negative emotions, weaknesses, vices, etc.) and about what will make the Soul, your heart truly Happy. The fastest way to obtain and implement relevant Knowledge in your life is through good development courses or individual training.
Test for Happiness! If a person does not have the correct Knowledge, he will live in illusions all his life, make a lot of mistakes and remain stuck with his unfulfilled dreams and disappointments. Whether your ideas about happiness are correct or not is very easy to understand. You just need to evaluate the degree of your Happiness, preferably in % - the strength of the state of happiness and its duration (how much time in a day you are happy and how much you suffer). The share of your Happiness in life is equal to the % of adequate ideas about it.
2. Purposeful Development - work on yourself! Completion of relevant courses or individual work with a mentor - in order to learn how to change yourself and your life for the better: to develop the beliefs, qualities, skills, behavior, etc. necessary for Happiness, and learn to quickly and skillfully solve any problems, eliminate suffering (by removing their root causes).
In addition, it is the development of oneself as an individual that reveals to a person the main sources of Happiness:
- The meaning of Life is worthy, what the human Soul strives for. Aimlessness is the first source of suffering and the cause.
- Inner Dignity is respect for yourself and others. faith in yourself, love for your Soul.
- - , Love, . Feelings are the most powerful source of Happiness.
- Managing your emotions - eliminating negative ones (anger, irritation, resentment, envy, etc.) and forming positive emotions (emotions of joy)
- Faith - true feelings, in Good, in a wonderful Future, etc. If there is no faith, then fear lives in the soul - fear of the future, fear of death, fear of something unexpected, and fear destroys any happiness and any joy.
- Worthy strong qualities (responsibility, discipline, honesty, courage) - which allow you to realize all external sources of happiness, and this is a successful career, relationships ( a happy family), lifestyle and recreation, material well-being, etc.
3. Achieving Life Goals! Achieving a cherished goal always makes a person happy! Therefore, for happiness you need special knowledge and skills - how to achieve your Goal.
- Knowledge, qualities and skills in the field of Relationships– how to communicate with people, build a happy family, love, overcome conflicts, etc. A loner will never be truly happy.
- Knowledge and necessary qualities to achieve success in Career and Business, including professional knowledge, to achieve mastery in your field, so that you can always enjoy your favorite work.
- Knowledge and skills for effective organization life- to keep up with everything, not to miss anything, and at the same time not to rush anywhere, but to live at a comfortable pace, with pleasure.
4. Easily and quickly eliminate the causes of suffering and solve emerging problems! If a person does not solve his problems, but runs away from them, if he does nothing with his skeletons in the closet (internal suffering and pain), he will never be happy. Because problems tend to grow and accumulate, and suffering also does not disappear on its own. It’s like a disease that needs to be cured, otherwise you can give up your skates if you don’t see a doctor in time.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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FINAL ESSAY 2017/2018. THEMATIC DIRECTION “Goals and means.” If you are heading towards your goal and stop along the way to throw stones at every dog that barks at you, you will never reach your goal. (F.M. Dostoevsky)
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The concepts of this direction are interrelated and allow us to think about a person’s life aspirations, the importance of meaningful goal setting, the ability to correctly correlate the goal and the means of achieving it, as well as the ethical assessment of human actions. In many literary works characters are presented who deliberately or mistakenly chose unsuitable means to realize their plans. And it often turns out that a good goal only serves as a cover for true (base) plans. Such characters are contrasted with heroes for whom the means of achieving a high goal are inseparable from the requirements of morality.
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Definitions: A goal is what we strive for, what we achieve, what we want to get, what we want to succeed in. Means: 1. Real conditions, opportunities. 2. transfer outdated Spiritual or physical qualities of a person necessary for something; capabilities. 3. Money, capital. Synonyms for target: Meta, target; views, intention, end, dream, ideal, aspiration. Synonyms for the word means: Method, method, course of action, tactics, basis, trick.
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A goal is what we want. It can be of any scale. We call a goal a desire that we want to realize in the near future. Means are the methods by which we will achieve the goal. For example, if our goal is to write a good final essay, then we need to choose one of the means - either copy the work from the Internet, or read several good books and put your thoughts on paper. The first option is more attractive because it does not require much effort. In life everything happens exactly the same. To achieve any goal, we have good (humane, noble) means and bad (immoral, vile) means.
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What is a goal? A goal is the result that a person strives for in his activities, the expected result. This is a conscious image of an anticipated result that arose in a person’s mind and was presented by him. The goal in life, from a philosophical point of view, is the general guidelines that a person determines for himself, including the meaning of life, his purpose in it. To put it more highly, this is the mission that everyone sees in their birth on earth. This is the answer to the question: why do I live? A goal from a moral point of view is the moral principles that a person is trying to follow, this is his personal program for enriching his inner, spiritual world, the image to which he strives in his movement towards self-improvement, the answer to the question: what kind of person do I want to be. The goal from a social point of view is a person’s determination of his place in society, his social role, positions in literally every field. These are answers to the questions: what is my place in political life country, how I want my financial situation to be, what professional activity what I will do, what I want my family to be like, etc.
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Goals can be global, determining the direction of a person’s entire life, and specific, as the result of a particular activity. A person can set such goals for himself almost every day, drawing up a program of action for some time. Goals are determined by the level of development, education, upbringing of a person, and the characteristics of his personal qualities. Therefore, they say that goals can be high, moral, contributing to the further formation of the best in a person, aimed at achieving the good of loved ones, people, and country. But there are also low, selfish goals, which are based on the desire to satisfy only one’s needs without taking into account whether the activity brings benefit to others or not. By goals one can judge a person, what he is like, how morally developed he is, how formed as a person.
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What are means? Means are those methods, techniques, paths that a person uses to achieve his goals. The specific goal determines the means that a person uses. Therefore, the means can be a person’s actions (for example, studying the material, self-preparation for successfully passing an exam), words, supporting someone in difficult times (for example, the desire to calm a person experiencing strong emotional anxiety), and finally, the means can be objects used in specific activity (for example, boards in a carpentry workshop) From a legal point of view, there are legal and illegal means. The former do not violate the order of society and do not harm others. The latter threaten peace and even people’s lives and are dangerous. From a moral point of view, there are means that do not violate the laws of morality, built on the principles of goodness, justice, humanity, and there are immoral means that violate the honor and dignity of people, carry evil within themselves, and go beyond all boundaries of what is permitted. Means, like goals, depend on what kind of person he is, how decent he is, how morally and socially formed he is. It is necessary to clearly think through the means of achieving the goal, so as not to harm others, not to humiliate oneself with immoral actions. End justifies the means. Is this statement always true? Of course not. Any seemingly noble goal achieved through low, dirty, lawless means ceases to be such, since it is achieved through the pain and suffering of other people.
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Sample list of topics Is it possible to say that in war all means are fair? Does the end justify the means? How do you understand the saying: “The game is not worth the candle”? Why is it important to have a purpose in life? What is the purpose for? Do you agree with the statement: “A person who certainly wants something forces fate to give up”? How do you understand the saying: “When the goal is achieved, the path is forgotten”? Achieving what goal brings satisfaction? Confirm or refute the statement of A. Einstein: “If you want to lead a happy life, you must be attached to the goal, and not to people or things”? Is it possible to achieve a goal if the obstacles seem insurmountable? What qualities should a person have to achieve great goals? Is it true that Confucius said: “When it seems to you that a goal is unattainable, do not change the goal - change your plan of action”? What does "great goal" mean? Who or what helps a person achieve his goal in life? How do you understand O. de Balzac’s statement: “To reach the goal, you must first of all go”? Can a person live without a goal?
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How do you understand the statement of E.A. According to “No transport will be favorable if you don’t know where to go”? Is it possible to achieve a goal if everything is against you? What does a lack of purpose in life lead to? What's the difference between a true and a false target? How is a dream different from a goal? Why is aimless existence dangerous? How do you understand M. Gandhi’s saying: “Find a goal, resources will be found.” How to achieve the goal? Do you agree with the statement: “He walks faster who walks alone”? Can a person be judged by his goals? Is it possible to justify great goals achieved through dishonest means? How does society influence the formation of goals? Do you agree with A. Einstein’s statement: “No goal is so high that it justifies unworthy means to achieve it”? Are there unattainable goals? How do you understand the words of J. Orwell: “I understand how; I do not understand why"? Can a good goal serve as a cover for base plans?
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Do you agree with A. Rand’s statement: “Only those in whom aspirations are extinguished are lost forever”? In what life situations does achieving a goal not bring happiness? What can a person who has lost his goal in life be capable of? Does achieving a goal always make a person happy? What is the purpose of human existence? Should you set “unattainable” goals for yourself? How do you understand the phrase “go over your head”? What is the difference between a “momentary desire” and a “goal”? How are a person's moral qualities related to the means he chooses to achieve his goals? How do you understand L. da Vinci’s statement: “He who strives for the stars does not turn around”?
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Let no one stray one step from the honest path under the plausible pretext that it is justified by a noble goal. Any wonderful goal can be achieved by honest means. And if it is impossible, then this goal is bad (C. Dickens Through the implementation of great goals, a person discovers in himself a great character, making him a beacon for others (G.F. Hegel) An ideal is a guiding star. Without it there is no firm direction, but there is no direction - no life (L.N. Tolstoy) No goal is so high that it justifies unworthy means to achieve it (A. Einstein) The light has long been called a stormy ocean, but happy is he who sails with a compass (N.M. Karamzin) Only If only people knew that the goal of humanity is not material progress, that this progress is inevitable growth, and there is only one goal - the good of all people... (L.N. Tolstoy) If a person makes his goal something vain, that is, unimportant, insignificant, then what lies here is not interest in the matter, but interest in oneself (G. F. Hegel)
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First, don't do anything without a reason or purpose. Secondly, do not do anything that does not benefit society (M. Aurelius) A person who certainly wants something forces fate to give up. (M.Yu. Lermontov) A person must learn to obey himself and obey his decisions. (Cicero) When the goal is achieved, the path is forgotten. (Osho) The meaning of life is those goals that make you value it. (W. James) Perfect means for unclear ends - characteristic feature our time. (A. Einstein) High goals, even if unfulfilled, are dearer to us than low goals, even if achieved. (I. Goethe) If you want to lead a happy life, you must be attached to the goal, and not to people or things. (A. Einstein) You cannot change the direction of the wind, but you can always raise the sails to achieve your goal. (O. Wilde)
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Find a goal, resources will be found. (M. Gandhi) If you are heading towards a goal and stop along the way to throw stones at every dog barking at you, then you will never reach the goal. (F.M. Dostoevsky) Weaker and simpler people are best judged by their characters, while smarter and more secretive people are best judged by their goals. (F. Bacon) It's never too late to leave the crowd. Follow your dream, move towards your goal. (B. Shaw) When it seems to you that the goal is unattainable, do not change the goal - change your plan of action. (Confucius) You must set yourself tasks higher than your strengths: firstly, because you never know them anyway, and secondly, because strength appears as you complete an unattainable task. (B.L. Pasternak) Ask yourself, do you crave this with all the strength of your soul? Will you survive until the evening if you don’t receive this thing? And if you are sure that you will not live, grab it and run. (R. Bradbury) To reach the goal, you must first go. (O. de Balzac) A person must have a goal, he cannot do without a goal, that’s why he was given reason. If he doesn’t have a goal, he invents one... (A. and B. Strugatsky) If you want to achieve the goal of your aspiration, ask more politely about the road you have lost your way. (W. Shakespeare)
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I understand HOW; I do not understand why. (J. Orwell) If you want to achieve a goal, don't try to be delicate or smart. Use rough methods. Hit the target immediately. Go back and hit again. Then hit again, with a strong shoulder blow. (W. Churchill) No transport will be favorable if you don’t know where to go. (E.A. Poe) The one who strives for the stars does not turn around. (L. da Vinci) Life is suffocating without a goal. (F. M. Dostoevsky) There are few unattainable things in the world: if we had more persistence, we could find a way to almost any goal. (F. de La Rochefoucauld) Some Jesuits argue that every means is good as long as it achieves the goal. Not true! Not true! It is unworthy to enter a clean temple with feet defiled by the mud of the road. (I.S. Turgenev) He walks faster who walks alone. (J. London) Life reaches its peak in those moments when all its forces are directed towards achieving the goals set for it. (J. London) High goals, even if unfulfilled, are dearer to us than low goals, even if achieved. (Goethe) At some second along the way, the target begins to fly towards us. The only thought: don't dodge. (M.I. Tsvetaeva) A warrior’s intention is stronger than any obstacles. (K. Castaneda)
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Only those whose aspirations have faded are lost forever. (A. Rand) It is much better to do great things, to celebrate great victories, even if mistakes happen along the way, than to join the ranks of ordinary people who know neither great joy nor great misfortune, living a gray life where there are neither victories nor defeats . (T. Roosevelt) Without some goal and striving for it, not a single person lives. Having lost his goal and hope, a person often turns into a monster out of sadness... (F.M. Dostoevsky) A person grows as his goals grow. (I. Schiller) If there is no goal, you don’t do anything, and you don’t do anything great if the goal is insignificant. (D. Diderot) Look for what is higher than what you can find. (D.I. Kharms) Nothing calms the spirit more than finding a solid goal - a point to which our inner gaze is directed. (M. Shelley) Happiness lies in the joy of achieving a goal and the thrill of creative effort. (F. Roosevelt)
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Many literary works feature characters who deliberately or mistakenly choose unsuitable means to realize their plans. And it often turns out that a good goal only serves as a cover for true (base) plans. Such characters are contrasted with heroes for whom the means of achieving a high goal are inseparable from the requirements of morality. .
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List of references for preparing for the final essay. “Goals and Means.” Jack London “Martin Eden” William Thackeray “Vanity Fair” M. A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”, “ dog's heart» I. Ilf, E. Petrov “Twelve Chairs” by V.A. Kaverin “Two Captains” F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”, “The Brothers Karamazov”, “The Idiot” B. L. Vasiliev “And the Dawns Here Are Quiet” A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”, “Mozart and Salieri” O. Wilde “The Picture of Dorian Gray” I. Goncharov “Oblomov” I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man” D.S. Likhachev “Letters about the good and the beautiful” A.P. Chekhov “Man in a Case” O. de Balzac “Shagreen Skin” I.A. Bunin “Mr. from San Francisco” N.V. Gogol "The Overcoat", " Dead Souls» M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time” V.G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician” E.I. Zamyatin “We” V.P. Astafyev “King Fish” B. Polevoy “The Tale of a Real Man” A. De Saint-Exupery “ A little prince»
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According to one version, it was the founder of the Jesuit order, Ignatius de Loyola, who argued: “If the goal is the salvation of the soul, then the end justifies the means.” This saying was the motto of the order and, accordingly, the basis of morality, according to which the Jesuits “corrected the depravity of means with purity of purpose.” The conviction that any means are justified in achieving great goals was defended by many politicians (for example, Machiavelli) and philosophers. Thus, the English materialist philosopher Thomas Hobbes argued: “Since everyone has the right to self-preservation, then everyone has the right to use all means and perform every act without which he is not able to preserve himself.” But I.S. Turgenev expressed the exact opposite opinion: “Some Jesuits argue that every means is good, as long as one achieves the goal. Not true! Not true! It is unworthy to enter a clean temple with feet defiled by the mud of the road.”
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Let's consider the concepts of “goal” and “means” from different sides. 1. Purpose as a fundamental part of human life. About the role and importance of having a goal in a person’s life, about its absence, about a person’s desire to reach the top, about achievements and about goals as the engine of progress, about self-realization, great discoveries possible only thanks to goals, about obstacles on the way to a set goal, about goals as a continuous process, as well as about what and who helps a person on the way to his goals. 2. Goals are different (true, false, great, base, unattainable, selfish) You can talk about the differences between goals and dreams, as well as how a person’s goals are connected to his personality. What does the pursuit of certain goals lead to? 3. Does the end justify the means? Here one can speculate about whether great goals achieved through dishonest means can be justified, about the importance of human life, about ways to achieve the goal, and about the ethical assessment of methods and means of achieving the goal.
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A.S. Griboedov “Woe from Wit” Why does a person live, what does he strive to devote his life to, what paths does he take to achieve his goal? A.S. Griboyedov tries to illuminate these philosophical questions in the play “Woe from Wit.” The goals of the “Famusov society” are to achieve material well-being, high position, career advancement. In principle, the goals are not bad. Every person who strives to live an interesting, rich life wants to take a worthy place among people. However, the means chosen by the “Famus society” are low. A striking example of this is A. Molchalin, a man who is ready to do anything for the sake of career advancement, money, and well-being. He tries to please everyone, to please, to flatter, to be a hypocrite. The hero learned well the lessons of his father, who taught his son to please everyone: “First, to please all people without exception: the Master, where I happen to live, the Chief, with whom I will serve, his Servant, who cleans dresses; To the doorman, to the janitor to avoid harm, to the janitor’s dog, so that he is affectionate.” If in order to achieve his goal he needs to play the role of a man in love, he uses this means too, cleverly deceiving Sophia in the sincerity of his feelings, dreaming of marrying her and becoming related to the influential Famusov. Well, most likely, some means will still lead him to his desired goal. Chatsky is sure of this, speaking about the hero: “However, he will reach the well-known levels, because nowadays they love the dumb...” Chatsky’s goal is to live his life with dignity. He wants to serve the Fatherland honestly, without flattery and servility (“...I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to be served...”), dreams of sincere love, strives to be honest, to have his own position, principles and not change them, no matter how they contradict society. Yes, his goal and means are noble, but what anger they cause in society! “Woe from Wit” is experienced by Chatsky, who is misunderstood by those around him and recognized by them as crazy. But this is exactly how, according to the author, one should live - honestly, with dignity. And the hero is not alone, there are others like him who do not obey false values. They are not among the characters in the play, but the heroes of the work mention them. This is Skalozub’s cousin (“...he firmly picked up some new rules. The rank followed him: he suddenly left the service and began reading books in the village”), and the nephew of Princess Tugoukhovskaya, who “doesn’t want to know the ranks!” He is a chemist, he is a botanist, Prince Fyodor...”, and all the progressive youth representing the “present century”, because it is on their behalf that Chatsky speaks (“Where, show us, are the fatherlands...”) So not everyone is like Molchalin and like him. Choosing a worthy goal in life, using the appropriate means to achieve it, not making mistakes, not following the path of imaginary values - this is so important in order to become an individual, to be honest with yourself and people. This is precisely the conclusion that readers of A.S. Griboedov’s play come to.
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N.V. Gogol “Dead Souls” “The end justifies the means.” These words are so suitable for the hero of N.V. Gogol’s poem Chichikov! The goal is clearly set by the hero (it was already indicated by his father in childhood: “most of all, take care and save a penny: this thing is more reliable than anything in the world...”) - wealth, nobility, position in society. Step by step the hero goes towards his goal. Already in his school years, he uses certain means to achieve it, is engaged in hoarding: he sells treats to his comrades, a bullfinch, which he made from wax, and carefully sews them into bags of 5 kopecks. And later, any fraud, if it led to money or promotion, was good for the hero. Let us remember how cleverly he deceived his boss by promising to marry his daughter. But after receiving the next rank, he forgot about it (“...cheated, cheated, damn son!”) It seemed that there could be nothing worse than selling “dead souls,” and Chichikov sells them, not disdaining anything, because this can bring him significant income. Even secular society, corrupted by the pursuit of money, does not understand the hero, and this method of profit is alien to him. Chichikov can find an approach to anyone and literally charm the entire society. By gaining the trust of the landowners, he commits illegal transactions. And everything would be fine if it weren’t for Korobochka, who decided in the city to find out if she had gone cheap when selling dead souls, if not for Nozdryov with his directness, who publicly inquired how things were going with the purchase of these souls. This time the scam failed. But the hero still has so many opportunities ahead, and who knows, maybe he will succeed in yet another dubious undertaking. Of course, the author hoped that a person could change. It is no coincidence that he wrote the 2nd volume, in which he showed good heroes. But N. Gogol himself realized that the heroes turned out to be too unrealistic, that it was very difficult to get rid of their vices in people, so he burned this volume. The desire to be rich is always common to people. This goal is well understood. But does a person always use decent means? Doesn't he sink to baseness, lawlessness, injustice? Everyone should think about this when determining the means to achieve their goals in order to be a respected and worthy person in society.
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F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment” A person constantly sets goals in his life - from small, daily ones to life ones, which form the essence of everything he does. It’s good if these goals bring joy, success, good luck not only to the person, but also to those around him. If they are selfish, then everyone suffers, and first of all the person himself. So the hero of F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” Rodion Raskolnikov also sets a goal - to test himself, who he is - “whether a trembling creature” or “has the right.” What “right” does the hero talk about in his theory? About the right of an individual to commit a crime for the sake of great goals, for the sake of saving humanity. Reflecting on “extraordinary people,” he believes that they can “... allow their conscience to step over... other obstacles, and only if the fulfillment of an idea (sometimes saving, perhaps for all of humanity) requires it.” And here all means are good - right up to murder, which he commits by killing Alena Ivanovna, the old money-lender. However, the crime is so terrible that it entails something else - the death of the pawnbroker’s sister, Lizaveta, for whose sake, it seemed, the hero committed murder, trying to save her and others from this disgusting woman. But Raskolnikov’s idea, theory, arises in his mind only under the weight of the hopelessness of his personal situation and the position of Dunya, his sister, who wants, for the sake of her brother, to marry the unloved Luzhin. That is, the idea of saving humanity turns out to be, in essence, the idea of saving oneself. Having committed a crime, the hero realized that he had isolated himself from people and found himself “on the other side of good and evil.” It will take a long time for Raskolnikov to fully realize the enormity of his theory, when Sonya’s love revives him to life. Reading the novel, everyone draws conclusions about what is important in this life, what to strive for, what goals to set and how to achieve this, how to get out of difficult life situations. Only life according to the laws of goodness and justice can help a person overcome everything. Evil, cruelty, murder - this will always lead to the abyss and make a person unhappy.
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L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” A person’s character is formed throughout his life. Sometimes some goals and values are replaced by others. Much depends on the environment, on changes both in the life of the person himself and the entire country and people. The hero of Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky is constantly in search of his place in life. The author shows how his goals changed and the means he used to achieve them. At the beginning of the novel, the hero dreams of glory, goes to war with Napoleon in order to find his “Toulon,” that is, the starting point that will mark the beginning of his fame (“I want fame, I want to be known to people, I want to be loved by them”). However, the war showed the insignificance of his dreams. Seeing the huge sky and the clouds floating across it, he realized that he had to live according to the laws of nature, that all his goals were so base and worthless. Meeting with Natasha in Otradnoye, overhearing her words about the beauty of the night, in which there is so much desire to live to the fullest - all this influenced Andrei. He wanted to be useful people , to benefit them (“... it is necessary for everyone to know me, so that my life does not go on for me alone... so that it is reflected on everyone and so that they all live with me together”). He is also thinking through the means for this, being a member of the legislative commission of A. Speransky. At the end of the novel, this is a completely different person, who has realized that a person is happy, living a single life with the people, the Fatherland, making his contribution to great things. And he also realized that he must be able to forgive, because it was precisely the fact that he was not able to once understand and forgive Natasha that deprived him of the love of such a woman! Before his death, Andrei realized this, “...that patient love for people that his sister taught him was revealed to him!” The author makes his readers think about many things, and first of all about how to live on this earth, what kind of person to be. L. Tolstoy’s favorite heroes seem to suggest answers to these questions. L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” A person’s character is formed throughout his life. Sometimes some goals and values are replaced by others. Much depends on the environment, on changes both in the life of the person himself and the entire country and people. The hero of Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky is constantly in search of his place in life. The author shows how his goals changed and the means he used to achieve them. At the beginning of the novel, the hero dreams of glory, goes to war with Napoleon in order to find his “Toulon,” that is, the starting point that will mark the beginning of his fame (“I want fame, I want to be known to people, I want to be loved by them”). However, the war showed the insignificance of his dreams. Seeing the huge sky and the clouds floating across it, he realized that he had to live according to the laws of nature, that all his goals were so base and worthless. Meeting with Natasha in Otradnoye, overhearing her words about the beauty of the night, in which there is so much desire to live to the fullest - all this influenced Andrei. He wanted to be useful to people, to bring benefit to them (“... it is necessary for everyone to know me, so that my life does not go on for me alone... so that it is reflected on everyone and so that they all live with me”). He is also thinking through the means for this, being a member of the legislative commission of A. Speransky. At the end of the novel, this is a completely different person, who has realized that a person is happy, living a single life with the people, the Fatherland, making his contribution to great things. And he also realized that he must be able to forgive, because it was precisely the fact that he was not able to once understand and forgive Natasha that deprived him of the love of such a woman! Before his death, Andrei realized this, “...that patient love for people that his sister taught him was revealed to him! “The author makes his readers think about many things, and first of all about how to live on this earth, what kind of person to be. L. Tolstoy’s favorite heroes seem to suggest answers to these questions.
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M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of a Man” Captured by the Nazis, Andrei Sokolov, the hero of the story, saves a platoon commander who is unfamiliar to him. Kryzhnev wants to hand over the commander to the Germans, the same as Sokolov himself, an ordinary soldier, for whom his former “comrades remained behind the front line, and his shirt is closer to his body,” and Andrei is forced to strangle the traitor, after which he “terribly wanted to wash his hands, as if a man, and strangled some creeping reptile... For the first time in my life I killed, and then my own...". So the murder of one person became a means of salvation for another. Andrei Sokolov considered that the end in this case justifies the means, but this decision was not at all easy for him. This means that again it seems impossible to give a clear answer in a dispute about ends and means.
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A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”, “Dubrovsky” The heroines of A.S.’s works behave differently. Pushkin. Tatyana Larina, even after getting married, did not forget her love for Onegin. But, in her opinion, it is impossible to achieve personal happiness with the help of treason, betrayal, or the suffering of a loved one: I love you (why lie?), But I am given to someone else; I will be faithful to him forever. This is the belief of the heroines of another novel: Masha, in love with Dubrovsky and forcibly married to another, refuses personal happiness, because it is possible only through the refusal of her word, the oath of allegiance: “It’s too late - I’m married, I’m the wife of Prince Vereisky... I agreed , I took an oath...” For both heroines, who sincerely and deeply love, the impossibility of using such a means as betrayal, even to reunite with their loved one, is obvious.
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Thus, in the comedy “Woe from Wit” by Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov, the author shows how Molchalin persistently and persistently achieves his goal, using unpleasant means for this. The hero, striving to achieve a goal, begins to take actions. But which ones?! To do this, he cleverly uses Famusov’s daughter Sophia, pretending to be in love with her. In order to ensure that Famusov, who invited Molchalin from Tver to his service, does not fire him from his office, so that Molchalin stays in Moscow, the hero deceives Sophia in every possible way. He acts out scenes of love, and at the same time he sympathizes with the maid Lisa. In one of the actions, Molchalin falls from his horse to provoke a certain reaction from Sophia. The scene of the fall from the horse is direct evidence of Molchalin’s moral decline. A fall is outright baseness. This does not correspond to moral standards in any way. But this is how the hero achieves his goal!
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Also, the eternal question of the relationship between ends and means is touched upon in the dystopian novel “Brave New World” by Aldous Huxley. The story is told in the distant future, and a “happy” society appears before the reader’s eyes. All areas of life are mechanized, a person no longer experiences suffering or pain, all problems can be resolved by taking a drug called “soma”. People's whole lives are aimed at obtaining pleasure, they are no longer tormented by the torment of choice, their life is predetermined. The concepts of father and mother do not exist, since children are raised in special laboratories, eliminating the danger of abnormal development. Thanks to technology, old age is defeated, people die young and beautiful. They even greet death cheerfully, watching TV shows, having fun and taking soma. All the people in the state are happy. However, further we see the other side of such a life. This happiness turns out to be primitive, since in such a society strong feelings are prohibited and connections between people are destroyed. Standardization is the motto of life. Art, religion, true science are repressed and forgotten. The inconsistency of the theory of universal happiness is proven by heroes such as Bernard Marx, Hulmholtz Watson, John, who could not find a place in society because they realized their individuality. This novel confirms the following idea: even such an important goal as universal happiness cannot be justified by such terrible methods as standardization, depriving a person of love and family. Therefore, we can say for sure that the path that will lead to happiness is also very important.
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Do you absolutely need to achieve something to become a truly happy person? The nature of happiness is deep and lies not only in achieving results, but also in health, environment, love, material wealth, etc. There are too many components of a happy life; there are not enough fingers on two hands.
Happiness in achieving goals: the main mistake
Many are sure that having achieved this or that, they will certainly feel endless happiness. But does achieving a goal always bring joy to a person? If the goal is set correctly, the result will make the person happy. But people often repeat typical mistake, which is easy to see in these arguments:
- Once I pay off my mortgage, I'll stop worrying;
- When I move to another country, I will live better;
- When my salary increases, I will be able to afford everything.
That is, there is a certain line, after crossing which a person will find his cherished happiness. But for some reason it turns out that with an increase in salary or with a move, some problems go away, but others come. What's the matter? Such a person walked and walked to stop. And stopping cannot be happiness, only if it is short-term. Happiness is flow and development, a state that a person can feel throughout his life if he sets new goals for himself and happily achieves them.
What should I do?
Happiness lies in the joy of achieving goals, in the ability to set new ones and go towards them. The condition itself promotes rapid results.
Therefore, you need to learn to plan your life from a state of happiness, and not go to it from an unhappy position. You need to learn to be here and now, understand yourself, and only then set goals. Note for yourself everything that already makes you a happy person - this will be the starting point.
How to choose your goal?
If you have a list of goals that will make you happy, write them down in a column. The technique works very well with the search for a profession, a favorite activity, with choosing the right option from several similar ones.
Once the list is compiled, write down your criteria for happiness regarding the list as a whole. For example, you choose a job and you have several options. What will make you happy about it? Standard criteria are written down: interest, income, schedule, growth prospects, distance from home. You can write yours. Next, on a 10-point scale, we give marks for each criterion in each option. The job that gets the maximum number of points will suit you best.
This is the simplest example that clearly shows what exactly will please you in the result already achieved. It happens that a person wants something that will not give him any satisfaction simply because his neighbor has the same. Technology helps eliminate such options.
What if you get confused?
Often, working on yourself leads to questions rather than answers. This is why many people are so reluctant to change anything, because they will have to look for new ways, answers and states. How to set goals if you don't know what you want? Just find yourself outside the search area. How? By immersing yourself in your feelings, by realizing your inner needs and true desires, by meeting yourself.
During the trainings, I show ways that help you study yourself and enter a state from which it will be easy to set goals. If you have many specific questions, then it is better to use an individual approach. Below you can view information about existing trainings or evaluate the content of individual consultations.
If you really want to decipher your design, use a special tool (paid).
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The ability to set goals is the first condition for achieving success. The first, but far from the key. After all, defining problems does not yet solve them. You can choose a route, but to overcome it you need to start moving. Therefore, achieving a goal is an even more important stage than formulating it. Of course, the more competently you think through everything on the shore, the easier it will be to achieve your plans. But it’s one thing to point a finger in any direction, and completely different to go there. So let's consider practical recommendations that help you achieve your goals.
Achieving the goal
When the task is defined, detailed work begins. At this stage, it is necessary to determine all actions step by step, set deadlines, calculate expenses, and provide for emergency situations. After all, how can you achieve your goal if something suddenly goes wrong? Very often people retreat from their plans when something unexpected happens.
A simple example: a young man decided to surprise a girl and buy a large bouquet of roses. He took the money for this purchase, planned how he would approach her when she returned home. But all his plans collapsed when the flower stall was closed. What to do in this situation? Looking for a flowerbed or another stall? Or maybe buy the girl some candy? These thoughts might not have happened if he had foreseen such a scenario.
To achieve your goal, you need to be prepared for different situations. This should be considered at the planning stage, and then you should take care of other means to help you achieve your plan.
How to achieve your goal
1. Motivation
Any action must begin with the interest of the performers. The higher the stakes, the stronger the motivation should be. Wherein, we're talking about not only about others, but also about yourself. more difficult than those around you. A visualization method will do. In those moments when it falls, it is enough to imagine all the bonuses that will follow after fulfilling your plan. Feel them as if they were already real. Experience the rush that achieving your goal will give you. They activate it, giving a person additional powers and.
2. Control
To achieve the goal that was set, it is necessary to regularly check intermediate results, because even a small deviation from the plan in the middle of the path can lead to a fundamental discrepancy in the end. Let's say someone decides to increase their annual income by $1000. To do this, he needs, at a minimum, to start earning $250 more every quarter. If six months have already passed, and his income has increased only by $400 instead of the expected $500, then this means that by the end of the period the dream may not be achieved. Regular monitoring of implementation helps to promptly pay attention to all inconsistencies and adjust actions according to emerging circumstances.
3. Cooperation
Very often, achieving a goal requires the coordinated efforts of several performers. The faster teamwork improves, the faster results will be achieved. The quality of execution will also be much higher. The saying “alone in the field is no warrior” is still relevant today. Of course, there is an expression “if you want to do something well, do it yourself,” but joint efforts bring more benefits. Almost any task can be divided into several people. The main thing is that each team member feels important, is sufficiently motivated and clearly understands what he needs to do. Compliance with these three conditions will help to establish any teamwork.
4. Optimism
How to achieve your goal if you don’t believe in success? At least 50% of success in any endeavor depends on the psychological attitude. This happens thanks to the universal Law of Attraction, according to which everyone gets what they believe in. If a person is optimistic about the situation, counting on a positive outcome, it is much more likely that this will happen. On the contrary, when someone, having set a goal, does not believe in success, then there is little chance that his idea will come true. are more likely to be successful and famous people, Unlike . In fairness, we note that any optimism must have at least the slightest prerequisite, otherwise it risks turning into ordinary arrogance, which is a bad help in any matter.
5. Self-development
Look for a hint in the question “How to achieve a goal?” should always and everywhere. It is called . After all, the implementation of many plans requires a person to become better than he is. For example, someone wants to get a law degree. But he has neither the experience nor the knowledge to implement this idea. Only in the process of studying, having received the necessary information and skills, will this person come closer to his dream. This happens almost every time. Even a banal connection of a tuner to a TV requires studying the instructions and gaining knowledge. So, self-development and the search for new information should become the life rule of anyone who wants to succeed and become better than yesterday.
6. Proactivity
Achieving a goal requires a person not only to have knowledge, experience and faith in one’s abilities. It is important to learn on yourself, which means being proactive. It is the opposite of reactivity—the desire to go with the flow. If a person has firmly decided to independently set goals and achieve them, he must take full responsibility for the implementation of his plans on himself, as well as for their consequences. Otherwise, you can live your whole life as a puppet in other people’s games, diligently carrying out the tasks of your environment, management, and rulers.
7. Persistence
The most impeccably planned idea can face difficulties when it comes time to implement it. How to achieve goals if you give up at the first obstacle? Only perseverance and perseverance help you finish what you started. There is a pattern in nature according to which, if a person decides to achieve something, he has to make an effort and prove to the Universe that he is worthy of it.
Many successful entrepreneurs, artists, and athletes made dozens and even hundreds of unsuccessful attempts before they achieved their goal. If they had retreated, they would have stayed that way. ordinary people. The bigger the goal, the more persistence you need to demonstrate to achieve it, but the result justifies all the effort.
Success requires a person to have a set of special qualities and skills. Achieving the goal is at the top of this list. The ability to achieve what is planned determines almost everything. It’s not enough just to come up with ideas, it’s even more important to implement them. This skill can be developed, like other skills. The effectiveness of solving work or everyday problems depends on it.
We all set goals in life and then try to achieve them. Goals can be small and large, important and not so important: from buying a new phone to saving the world. Which of them can be considered worthy and which are not? In my opinion, the significance of a goal is determined by how many people its achievement can help. If the goal is to acquire a thing simply for your own pleasure, then it is clear that achieving it will make only one person happy. If the goal is, for example, the invention of a cure for cancer, then it is obvious that achieving it will help save many people. It is goals aimed at the benefit of many people that can be considered important and, of course, worthy. Is it important to set a goal to do good? Or maybe it’s enough to live only for yourself, putting only your own well-being, mainly material, at the forefront? It seems to me that a person who strives to do something for the common good lives a fuller life, his existence takes on a special meaning, and the achievement of a goal will bring greater satisfaction.
Many writers reflected in their works about life goals. Thus, R. Bradbury in the story “Green Morning” tells the story of Benjamin Driscoll, who flew to Mars and discovered that the air there was not suitable for breathing because it was too thin. And then the hero decides to plant many trees on the planet so that they fill the atmosphere of Mars with life-giving oxygen. This becomes his goal, his life's work. Benjamin wants to do this not only for himself, but for all the inhabitants of the planet. Can his goal be called worthy? Undoubtedly! Was it important for the hero to set it and work hard to achieve it? Of course, because he feels that he will benefit people, and achieving this goal makes him truly happy.
A.P. Chekhov also discusses what goals are worthy in his story “Gooseberry”. The author condemns the hero, whose meaning in life was the desire to acquire an estate with gooseberries. Chekhov believes that the meaning of life is not at all material benefits and your own egoistic happiness, but in tirelessly doing good. Through the lips of his hero, he exclaims: “... if there is meaning and purpose in life, then this meaning and purpose is not at all in our happiness, but in something more reasonable and greater. Do good!”
Thus, we can come to the conclusion that it is important for every person to set truly worthy goals - to do good for the benefit of people.
What human qualities can help you achieve your goal?
Almost every day people set certain goals for themselves, but not everyone and not always manage to achieve them. Why do some people succeed and others don’t? What qualities do people who successfully realize their desires have? It seems that to achieve your goal, perseverance, perseverance, the ability to overcome difficulties along the way and not give up in the face of failures, willpower, and self-confidence are important.
It is these character traits that are characteristic of the hero of “The Tale of a Real Man” by B. Polevoy. He always, since childhood, dreamed of flying. During the war he became a fighter pilot. However, fate was cruel to the hero. In the battle, his plane was shot down, and Meresyev himself received severe wounds to both legs, as a result of which they were forced to amputate. It would seem that he was never destined to fly again. However, the hero does not give up. He wants to “learn to fly without legs and become a full-fledged pilot again.” “Now he had a goal in life: to return to the profession of a fighter.” Alexey Meresyev is making truly titanic efforts to achieve this goal. Nothing can break the spirit of a hero. He trains hard, overcomes pain and continues to believe in success. As a result, the goal was achieved: Alexey returned to duty and continued to fight the enemy, flying the plane without both legs. Such qualities as willpower, perseverance, and self-confidence helped him in this.
Let us remember the hero of R. Bradbury's story “Green Morning” by Benjamin Driscoll. His goal was to grow many trees on Mars so that they fill the air with oxygen. The hero works hard for many days, planting seeds. He does not allow himself to look back because he does not want to see that his efforts do not lead to success: not a single seed has sprouted. Benjamin Driscoll does not allow himself to despair and give up, and does not give up what he started, despite failure. He continues to work day after day, and one day the day comes when, almost overnight, the thousands of trees he planted grow and the air is saturated with life-giving oxygen. The hero's goal has been achieved. He was helped in this not only by perseverance and perseverance, but also by the ability not to lose heart and not to give in to failure.
I would like to believe that every person can cultivate all these important and necessary qualities, and then we will be able to fulfill our wildest dreams.
Does achieving a goal always make a person happy?
Every person walking along life path, sets certain goals for himself, and then strives to achieve them. Sometimes he makes a lot of efforts so that his goal finally becomes a reality. And now the long-awaited moment comes. The goal has been achieved. Does it always bring happiness? I think not, not always. Sometimes it turns out that a wish come true brings no moral satisfaction, and perhaps even makes a person unhappy.
This situation is described in J. London's novel Martin Eden. The main character had a goal - to become famous writer and, having achieved material well-being, find family happiness with the girl you love. For a long time, the hero has been steadily moving towards his goal. He works all day, denies himself everything, and goes hungry. Martin Eden makes truly titanic efforts to achieve his goal, shows incredible perseverance and strength of character, and overcomes all obstacles on the path to success. Neither the numerous refusals of magazine editors, nor the misunderstanding on the part of people close to him, especially his beloved Ruth, can break him. In the end, the hero achieves his goal: he becomes a famous writer, he is published everywhere, and he has fans. People who previously didn't want to know him now invite him to dinner parties. He has more money than he can spend. And Ruth finally comes to him and is ready to be with him. It would seem that everything he had ever dreamed of had come true. Did this make the hero happy? Unfortunately no. Martin Eden is deeply disappointed. Neither fame, nor money, nor even the return of his beloved girl can bring him joy. Moreover, the hero experiences melancholy and moral devastation and ultimately commits suicide.
Thus, we can come to the conclusion: achieving a goal is not always capable of making a person happy; sometimes, on the contrary, it can lead to the opposite result.
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Does the end always justify the means?
We are all familiar with the phrase: “The end justifies the means.” Can we agree with this statement? In my opinion, this question cannot be answered unequivocally. It all depends on the specific situation. Sometimes the goal is such that the most radical methods can be used to achieve it, and sometimes a situation arises in which no goal can justify a person’s actions.
Suppose that the means to an end is to kill another person. Will it be considered justified? At first glance it seems that, of course, not. However, things are not always so simple. Let's look at literary examples.
In V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov,” the partisan Rybak saves his life by committing treason: having been captured, he agrees to serve in the police and participates in the execution of a comrade. Moreover, his victim becomes a courageous man, worthy in all respects - Sotnikov. In essence, Fisherman achieves his goal - to survive - through betrayal and murder. Of course, in this case the character’s action cannot be justified by anything.
But in the work of M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man” main character Andrei Sokolov also kills a man with his own hands, and also “his own”, and not his enemy - Kryzhnev. Why does he do this? His actions are explained by the fact that Kryzhnev was going to hand over his commander to the Germans. And although in this work, just like in the already mentioned story “Sotnikov,” murder becomes the means to achieve the goal, in the case of Andrei Sokolov it can be argued that the goal justifies the means. After all, Sokolov is not saving himself, but another person; he is not acting out of selfish motives or cowardice, but, on the contrary, strives to help an unfamiliar platoon leader, who without his intervention would have been doomed to death. In addition, the victim of murder becomes a vile person, ready to betray.
From the above we can conclude that a lot depends on the specific situation. Apparently, there are circumstances in which the end justifies the means, but, of course, not in all cases.
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