– When you saw the text, did you mark potentially dangerous moments for yourself? What words did it immediately become clear: mistakes would be made in them?
“Some of our expectations were confirmed, while others, to our great joy, were not. For example, we expected many mistakes in the word "art", but those who wrote Total Dictation practically did not have them. This suggests that this word is well mastered within the framework of the school course of the Russian language. I emphasize that we do not draw conclusions "in general", not "on average", but only on the basis of the work of the participants of the action, and this is the most competent and active part of the nation.
The next word is “subsequently”, in which there were mistakes, but still their number was not catastrophic, which also shows a good level of mastering vocabulary words at school.
– There were words with a hyphen, which usually cause difficulties.
- Yes, it turned out to be difficult, for example, the word in ancient Egyptian, since for its correct spelling one must simultaneously remember about three rules. The first rule is hyphenated adverbs with the prefix po and the suffix -i. I think that there would be practically no mistakes in words like in Turkish, since the structure of this word is transparent: the adverb in Turkish is formed from the adjective Turkish using the prefix po and the suffix -i.
This rule is known so well that it is extended to other phenomena. For example, in the same text of the Total Dictation, there was a simpler word, which many wrote through a hyphen, most likely by analogy with the rule for adverbs. But simpler is a form of the comparative degree of an adjective (simple - simpler - simpler), so the rule for adverbs does not apply to it. The prefix in a simpler word denotes a weak degree of manifestation of a sign and is written together.
The second rule that must be remembered for the correct spelling of a word in ancient Egyptian is the rule for the continuous spelling of adjectives formed from phrases based on a subordinate connection. The adverb in Ancient Egyptian is formed from the adjective Ancient Egyptian, and it, in turn, from the name of the state Ancient Egypt, which is a phrase built on the basis of a subordinate connection: Egypt (what?) - Ancient (the word Ancient depends on the word Egypt, obeys it ). Such adjectives are written in one piece, in contrast to adjectives of the black-and-white or meat-and-milk type, formed on the basis of a compositional connection, suggesting equality of concepts (compare black and white, meat and milk).
And, finally, the third rule: spelling of adjectives formed from proper nouns, with an uppercase or lowercase letter. The ancient Egyptian adjective is written with a lowercase letter, since it contains the suffix -sk-. Wed with adjectives Valin, Mishin, which are also formed from proper names, but are written with a capital letter, because they include another suffix - -in.
Each of these rules separately is well known, but the application of their complex is difficult.
– Just like a concatenation of punctuation marks?
- Indeed, most of the errors appear in those places where it is necessary to put two signs at the same time, for example, a comma and a dash, while each of the signs must be set according to its own rule. These difficulties are associated with the need to simultaneously apply two or three rules, and such cases are practically not worked out in school grammar, since at school you need to have time to learn at least a core of the rules, and there is no time left for their various combinations.
The combination of different rules, in general, is self-evident, you just need to remember that the confluence of two signs is possible, despite the fact that it often frightens the writers, they often ask the question: "How can two signs stand side by side at the same time?" Yes, they can, and even should, since each of them is responsible for his own sphere. In the first part of this year's Total Dictation, there was such an example: ... Sophocles decided to attract actors who could play his works - this is how the theater appeared. In it, it was necessary to put a comma in front of the dash, closing the subordinate clause that could play his works, and the dash - according to the rule of a non-union complex sentence, the second part of which begins with a demonstrative pronoun like this.
- What mistakes were unexpected for you? I read that in the dictation, a gag was manifested in a strange way: departures, orena, ozart ...
- Such mistakes, in my opinion, are a logical continuation of one of the main "rules" of Russian spelling - "write not what you hear." True, in this case it is impossible to apply the continuation of this rule: if you doubt what you need to write, check it, put it under stress. This rule applies to native Russian words, and the words arena, passion, athlete are borrowed from other languages, they are not required to obey the rules of the Russian language.
The rule of checked vowels at the root of a word is the most frequent rule in all texts without exception: to spell a difficult word correctly, you need to put the corresponding vowel in a stressed position - simple. Of course, it is impossible to do this in the words athlete, arena, excitement, since in these borrowed words the vowels are unverifiable, but just in case, those who write, apparently, are reinsured and write “not what they hear”.
There are always a lot of mistakes in borrowed words, since the spelling of these words must be memorized, they are not subject to the rules of the Russian language, which are intuitive to everyone. And if they are rare in the practice of every writer, then there is simply no opportunity to remember them, especially if they are not specially worked out at school, if they do not belong to the category of words that are usually taken into the framework for memorization.
An annoying mistake was the spelling of the names of the states Ancient Greece and Ancient Egypt, when some participants in the action wrote the first word with a lowercase letter. Many were outraged that this was a "not quite spelling" mistake, but in fact it was a spelling mistake: the spelling of such words is governed by the spelling rule of the names of states. Nobody, probably, will dispute the spelling of the names of modern states, such as the Russian Federation, the United States of America, the United Arab Emirates, etc., where each word is spelled with a capital letter. The names of ancient states are no different from the names of modern states. It is doubly annoying to meet such mistakes, since the history of ancient states is studied at school in sufficient detail, it would seem that this knowledge should form an integral part of the elementary educational standard of every school graduate.
And this is where the question arises about the scope of the concept of "literate person": how does the modern understanding of "literacy" differ from that fixed in dictionaries? In dictionaries, the word "literate" is defined only as "able to read and write." But this ability today in our country does not surprise anyone, all of us, without exception, can read and write, since the law on general secondary education provides this opportunity. This began to be perceived as a natural state of affairs, therefore, in the minds of a modern person, the concept of "literate" began to be filled with meanings not reflected in dictionaries. “Literate” is a person who not only knows how to read and write, but who does it without mistakes, at a high level, recognizing the subtle shades of meanings inherent in texts, and having a broad outlook.
- I once wrote a column called "The atmosphere of linguistic hatred." It is about the fact that many native speakers are very aggressive towards those who make mistakes. Every now and then they propose to put everyone in prison, or even shoot for confusion with dress-wear, for example. Why do you think people react so painfully to mistakes?
- First of all, there is no need to write about it so often, such phenomena are spontaneous, isolated, not such people form the atmosphere of universal hatred, but the journalists who exaggerate these phenomena. There are many more people who really care about literacy: these are, first of all, school teachers, these are many, many journalists and philologists, leading relevant programs on TV, radio, in magazine and newspaper columns. It is better to write about them, their contribution is much more significant and positive than a separate surge of aggression, which, most likely, is a continuation of the individual's disappointment in life in general, in all its manifestations.
These are just unhappy people who are afraid to throw out their aggression on other people, because they will surely be rebuffed, because they do not get into a fight, they just swear on the Internet, most often anonymously, splashing out the harmfulness of their character into a language that cannot answer them in any way , but he does not need it, since he is great and mighty and will not suffer from such attacks.
- I do not agree with you about aggression: unfortunately, this is not a separate outburst, but a constant phenomenon. Vladimir Pakhomov, editor-in-chief of Gramota.ru, confirms this, he constantly receives letters with requests to be shot for coffee of the neuter and so on. They write exactly that: shoot, plant.
That's why I wrote a column to get people to look at themselves from the outside.
- It seems to me that Total dictation is a much more widespread phenomenon than individual aggressive antics. I think that the popularity of the action lies in the fact that the overwhelming majority of people perceive language as an absolute value, as a way of cultural self-identification, which ensures a comfortable existence: this is a guarantee that you are correctly understood, that your communicative intentions are correctly recognized in the community, this, in in the end, the opportunity to maintain the purity of the native language, perhaps thereby even demonstrate their patriotism.
– What mistakes are you yourself intolerant of?
- I am tolerant of any mistakes, even swear words (not to be confused with foul language as a form of offensive behavior!), Because many of them are a continuation of the system, exist as part of the language in all its diversity.
The question is what counts as a "mistake." If the notorious "rings" and "coffee" are neuter, then these are not mistakes, but a reflection of the laws inherent in the language system itself. They are recognized as "mistakes" by people who try to normalize the possible zones of use of certain words or forms, they hang evaluative labels on them: this is "high", this is "low", this is "permissible in the speech of an educated person", but this is not. There are no mistakes in the language itself, there are violations of the rules established by people, but such violations also occur in road traffic. There, for some mistakes, the rights are taken away, and for mistakes in the spelling of words, they do not even charge a fine.
– How literate are today's students? And are they interested in the language?
- Students are the most literate part of our society. To enter a university, they must not only pass the USE in the Russian language, but get a score in accordance with the high bar set by universities.
And the fact that they are certainly interested in the language is proved by the Total Dictation. After all, this is a student, not a philological action: it was invented by students, carried out by students, philologists only support them. This interest in the language flares up all over the world, on all continents, because it is the students who, completely voluntarily and unselfishly, on the best spring days, when they can do something completely different, organize the Total Dictation, its test, and the test is not just a one-time an event when you can come, have fun and leave, and this is painstaking, many-day work, very stressful, since it needs to be carried out in a very short time and in very large volumes. Nobody forces them, nothing but love for their native language, their activity is not motivated. What more could you want from today's youth? Participation in the Total Dictation brings me to a state of euphoria: literacy is what our students are now interested in on a massive scale.
- Why is dictation a fun, exciting flash mob for the participants of your action, and one of the most boring genres for schoolchildren in the classroom? How to make Russian lessons in schools interesting?
- If dictation was such a boring occupation in schools, no one would have gone to a dictation with the frightening name “Total”. This means that it was not so bad to do it at school, since people still write dictations with joy.
It all depends on the personality of the teacher: one and the same thing can be told in a boring and uninteresting way, or it can be exciting and incendiary, while it does not matter at all what the story is about. This means that most teachers still conduct dictations in such a way that they want to write them over and over again. If such a large number of people are so anxious about their native language, it means that they took this love out of school. Otherwise, where does this relation come from? Total dictation only picked up this love, and it was formed at school.
- This time the Total Dictation was written on all six continents. Usually the Russian language of those who have not lived in Russia for a long time is special, it differs from ours. Accordingly, people make mistakes because they do not use the language as often as we do. Where were there more mistakes - in Russia or abroad?
- We NEVER compare ANYONE with each other. This is the condition for the Total Dictation: the action is voluntary and anonymous. Anonymity extends to continents as well.
- Not everyone likes the words "total" and "dictator". What do you think, during the time that the action has existed, did you manage to somehow "whitewash" these words?
- There is nothing wrong with these words, they do not need any kind of "whitening". They are not liked by those who do not know the meaning of the word "total" ("universal") and confuse it with the word "totalitarian". The majority, however, understand these comic nominations and react adequately to them.
Maybe someone is suspicious of such words, because they forgets that this is a fun youth action. Novosibirsk people generally love to play with words. So, we have another event called "Monstration". Someone might think that some "monsters" are taking part in it, but in fact it is the same fun youth entertainment that takes place on May 1 like nostalgia for the Soviet May Day demonstrations, and it gathers young people who go to a holiday with slogans like “My brother is forced to eat porridge. Freedom for children! " If you are afraid of everything, then such a slogan may seem dangerous.
So the word "dictator" - it arose simply because the language does not have a special name for a person dictating a text to a large number of ... whom? How to name the participants of this action - "dictated", "dictators", "dictators"? We still do not have a word for those who write the text of the Total Dictation under dictation. At school, schoolchildren write dictation, but who within the framework of Total Dictation? Maybe these are "totalitarians"? It would be nice to give this word a less threatening meaning.
– If we talk about dictators, then I have come across a funny version of "dictun". But he is, of course, comic.
“The word“ dictator ”within the framework of our action has acquired a new meaning:“ the one who reads the text of the Total Dictation ”, although it has not“ softened ”its meaning: the text must be written down word for word, without deviating from the original version. This is probably also a form of diktat, since a free retelling does not count as the text of the Total Dictation.
Perhaps, over time, this meaning of the word "dictator" will be included in the dictionaries, along with its original meaning: "an unlimited ruler temporarily elected by the people to pacify internal unrest or to fight an external enemy; personally, after passing the need, resigns from himself and gives an account to the people in all his actions ... "(Complete dictionary of foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language. Popov M., 1907). In my opinion, this word has a very good meaning. Unfortunately, its second meaning has become more active - "also, in general, a person who arbitrarily and arbitrarily disposes of something, is not authorized by anyone and neglects the orders and desires of his peers."
But it depends on us which words we use most often and in what meanings. And we are afraid not of the words themselves, but of those phenomena that we associate with them. But these are temporary associations that arose at a certain stage in the historical development of our state, and in Ancient Rome, I think, no one was afraid of this word. The fears of the era of totalitarianism will be forgotten, and with them the meanings of many words will be perceived as completely neutral.
– With what words would you reassure those who believe that we have all become completely illiterate, and the language is dying?
- My main specialty is field linguistics, I study the languages of the peoples of Siberia, many of which are endangered, so I observe situations when it is believed that this or that language is about to disappear, but it turns out that even those languages in which says 200 people, they just don't give up.
For example, 25 years ago I worked with one informant in a small Khanty village (Khanty is a Finno-Ugric people living in the lower reaches of the Ob). She had a daughter, then a young girl, about whom her mother said that there was a problem, she did not know her native language at all, and then we did not even consider the possibility of working with this girl, since we doubted that reliable information could be obtained from her. And so I arrived in the same village 25 years later, that informant of ours was no longer alive, we met with her daughter, and it turned out that she is the most full-fledged native speaker of her native language!
Against the background of representatives of the older generation, it may seem that young people both speak the wrong way and think the wrong way, but when the older generation leaves, it turns out that traditions are successfully passed on, maybe something is lost, but the language is also enriched. In addition, knowledge accumulates with age, and the linguistic competence of an elderly person and a young person cannot be compared. For example, I graduated from school with a “four” in the Russian language certificate. But I received a philological education, and the level of my literacy, of course, increased, but it took a lot of years and a lot of work. Therefore, it is premature to blame young people for anything.
I compare myself in my student years and students today. And the comparison is not in my favor. Today's students are definitely more educated and have a much broader outlook: many of them have already seen the world, read a lot of things that I did not even suspect in my student years. I entered the university in 1980. We did not know emigre literature; "The Master and Margarita", the Strugatskikhs or Solzhenitsyn were read (and even then only those who could get them with great difficulty) in samizdat, in blind "fifths" copies, under the strictest confidence these copies, read literally to the holes, printed on tissue paper. Nowadays, completely different skills and abilities are in demand, many of which my peers have never mastered.
Of course, we may decide not to speak Russian, or some catastrophic circumstances will force us to abandon it. But can we suddenly switch to any other language en masse? Imagine: starting tomorrow, you have to speak some other language. Is it possible?
Even people who have lived abroad for many years cannot get rid of an accent, the combination of words always betrays a foreigner, these are all traces of our native language, from which it is not so easy to get rid of, even if we try very hard, we cannot just throw off our mother tongue and dress up in the prestigious attire of any other language. These are such deep mechanisms that can disappear only when there is not a single person physically left on the entire globe who would speak Russian. But for this, cataclysms of a universal scale must occur. Let's hope that they will not threaten us in the foreseeable and very distant future.
The “Total Dictation” campaign is designed to test the level of literacy of the society. But it is not so easy to prove that you are an excellent connoisseur of the “great and mighty”: the authors of dictations traditionally prepare traps in the form of difficult words and cunning punctuation marks. And many come across them ... The most original mistakes are in our hit parade.
The fate turned out so that I had the opportunity to take part in the verification of "Total Dictation". On a cloudy Sunday morning, teachers and graduates of the Faculty of Philology were busy correcting mistakes and giving marks to active citizens. This matter, it should be noted, required considerable mental effort: the first hours of work were spent in constant scientific discussions about the correctness and incorrectness of punctuation marks in the text.
Intellectual tension was interrupted from time to time by the unrestrained laughter of one of the examiners: it means that another linguistic "masterpiece" was born. The most prominent mistakes were written by us on the board. So, we bring to your attention the top 10 mistakes from "Total Dictation 2013".
10th place
Probably the most common mistake was spelling the word "confidant" with a "t": "thimble". But it is interesting that the "preacher" standing next door was called by many a "preacher" or "preacher".
9th place
Since the text of the dictation was about the Internet, it contained many specific words that may not be familiar to the older generation. So we can assume that it was they who made mistakes in the word “hacker”, presenting it in different versions: “hacker”, “hacker” and even “hacker”.
8th place
Either the text was not dictated very expressively, or the writers thought about it and made a mistake "according to Freud," but in a number of works the sentence "The World Wide Web is becoming an instrument in the hands of terrorists, hackers and fanatics of all stripes" was written as follows: "The World Wide Web is becoming a tool in the hands of terrorists, hackers and fanatics of all powers. "
7th place
Despite the fact that the age of the participants was not indicated in the dictation questionnaire, “born in the USSR” was given by the spelling of the words “communism” and “revolution” with a capital letter. But in this case, respect for this political system did not save: for "Communism" we mercilessly put a red tick in the fields and set off a mistake.
6th place
Someone misheard, someone misunderstood, as a result of which the view of philologists appeared “the entire peaceful network” (instead of the “World Wide Web”) and the Internet, which “lies in the dream” (lying, in fact, “in the basis”).
5th place
Here the very words-traps begin, apparently terrifying to the ear and unimaginable in writing. For example, "vulgarization". It would seem that the word "vulgar" is heard and does not present any particular difficulties. But no, there were still originals who wrote "the volgurization of culture" and "the gulgurization of culture".
4th place
It turned out that the word “unprecedented” looks and sounds even worse - it is no coincidence that Dina Rubina included it in her text. The participants in the dictation offered all kinds of spelling options, but most of all we were impressed by "unprecedented" and "unprecedented".
3rd place
The list of "scary words" ends with a seemingly short but very dangerous word "too much." In addition, it is found already in the penultimate sentence of the text, when the writers run out of strength. At the end of the check, the option “too much” did not surprise anyone, but “too much,” “too much,” and “too much,” clearly attracted attention.
2nd place
We award the honorary "silver" (do not believe it!) To the capital of Greece. Yes, yes, Athens, which one participant saw fit to write as "Offins".
1st place
The participants who checked the dictation were most pleased when the participants wrote the title of the text: "The Dangers of Paradise Tabernacles." Of course, the word "booth" is not familiar to everyone, and therefore many decided to replace it with more common "thickets" and "forests". But what was the surprise of philologists when in several works in a row they came across the title "Features of Paradise Gorges" ...
But, in truth, the text of the dictation was rather complicated. Out of 3470 people who took part in the action in our city, 17 received "fives". In total, 32280 people wrote the dictation, 2564 of whom were abroad.
Alena Yudina, Information Department of the OblCIT
Photo illustration from the archives of the information department of the OblCIT
ALL PHOTOS
In Yekaterinburg, the results of the international action "Total dictation" held on April 18 were summed up: only 1% of those wishing to test their knowledge of the Russian language wrote the proposed excerpt with "excellent" - 21 people out of 1854 who came. How many residents of the Urals, who participated in the cultural event, received two, three and fours - is not disclosed according to the rules of the exam, reports "Uralinformburo".
This year, the participants in "Total Dictation" wrote a text called "The Magic Lantern", created by the St. Petersburg writer Yevgeny Vodolazkin and representing an artistic sketch of the life of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century.
As the coordinator of the action in Yekaterinburg Ksenia Semenyuk said at a press conference, the results of writing the dictation were within the normal range - usually the number of excellent students ranges from 1% to 3%. In turn, Assistant Vice-Rector for Scientific and Innovation Activities of the Ural State Pedagogical University Marina Babikova told about a kind of "anti-record" of the action - one of the participants in the "Total Dictation" made 273 mistakes in 280 words of which the excerpt consisted.
"When checking it, it looked something like he was writing the dictation with a red pen, and we checked it with a blue one," said Babikova, quoted by Interfax. “We faced this for the first time and at first assumed that he was not Russian by nationality and that it was not his native language, but through research and all kinds of discussions, we came to the conclusion that after all, the person was Russian,” she added.
However, from the scan of the dictation written by the "record holder for mistakes" and posted on the website of "Komsomolskaya Pravda", one can draw rather the opposite conclusion - the peculiarities of the spelling of the letters of the Russian alphabet and some words suggest that a foreigner wrote.
The teachers carefully hide the name of this person, they only call him gender - male. It is also known that the young man wrote the dictation at the Ural Pedagogical University.
“This, of course, is a unique case. My colleagues and I discussed this work today and could not find any explanation for such a blatant illiteracy,” Ksenia Semenyuk, coordinator of the “Total Dictation” in Yekaterinburg, told KP. According to her, there were all kinds of errors in the text that one can imagine, but, for example, the examinee wrote the difficult word "something" correctly.
In turn, the head of the "Total Dictation" group of the Ural State Pedagogical University admitted to journalists that the examiners "practically in chorus" checked this text. "A person has an absolute two. We do not think this is a joke. This was most likely written by a person for whom Russian is not a native language. Errors are mainly from the category" what I hear, what I write. "There are practically no punctuation errors. it is the spelling, "she said. "The man simply does not know Russian. But he came and wrote the text to the end. In any case, he is a fine fellow!" - summed up the head of the group.
As it became known, three more participants in "Total Dictation", who came to the site of the Ural State Pedagogical University, decided to approach the task creatively and wrote not a dictation, but an essay on a free topic.
The representatives of the organizing committee of Yekaterinburg told in detail about the assessments only following the results of the writing of the dictation by Sverdlovsk journalists, Novy Region notes. "Out of 25 journalists, one got an" excellent "grade, 40% of those who wrote a satisfactory result and 28% each coped with" good "and" unsatisfactory ", - said Ksenia Semenyuk.
Marina Babikova, assistant vice-rector for research and innovation at the Ural State Pedagogical University, explained that this year the number of participants in Yekaterinburg was somewhat lower than expected. In her opinion, the popularity of the action has declined due to the lack of "proper coverage" and advertising. She also noted that this year the dictation was popular among middle-aged people, while in 2014 the participants were mainly young people.
Most of the mistakes were in the words "half-hearted" and "half-turned"
According to Ksenia Semenyuk, the adverbs "half-hearted" and "half-turned" caused the greatest difficulties for Yekaterinburg residents, Interfax reports. "More than 70% of those who took part in this year's dictation made mistakes in the spelling of these words," she said. In addition, the participants in the action made mistakes in the words "gramophone", "oarlock" and "checkered". Difficulties were also presented by the spelling of adjectives with the prefix "not" - "invisible", "unobvious", "incomprehensible".
The adverbs "half-hearted" and "half-turned", the writing of which is included in the USE program, caused difficulties for other participants in the "Total Dictation" in different regions of the Russian Federation. This was announced on Wednesday by experts checking the texts.
"The leaders in terms of mistakes were two words. In the second part of the dictation, this is the word" half-heartedly ", where almost 71% of those who wrote something unexpected, "- said the chairman of the action's expert commission, philologist Natalya Koshkareva, quoted by RIA Novosti.
"Most likely, the situation is due to the fact that this rule competes with another rule for writing nouns such as" half-ear "," half-turn "through a hyphen if the second part of the word begins with a vowel, and the adverbs" half-ear "and" half-turn "should That is, the rule for nouns is well remembered, and such adverbs are exceptions, and they are remembered worse, "said Koshkareva.
“We expected that the largest number of mistakes would be in words that were outdated, such as 'gramophone', but our expectations were not confirmed. Only 7% made mistakes in that word. That is, the idea that obsolete words cause difficulties did not materialize here ", - said the expert.
Also, according to her, mistakes were often made in the words "invisible", "incomprehensible" and "unobvious". For these words, the error rate was 32%. Koshkareva noted that these errors are traditional and are associated with a complex rule of writing together and separately particles "not".
As for punctuation, in the text of the dictation there were adverbs "at the same time", "in general", which should not be separated by commas, but the writers mistakenly took them for introductory words and separated them with commas. The word "in general" stands out sharply from this series. This adverbial combination should not be separated by commas either, but 70% of those who wrote wrote around it with commas.
According to Koshkareva, philologists expected massive mistakes in the verb "burns" in connection with the spread of this word in the Internet jargon, but only a few made mistakes in the word.
"Total dictation" is an annual educational action in the form of a voluntary dictation for everyone. The purpose of the event is to give everyone an opportunity to test their knowledge of the Russian language and arouse interest in improving literacy. The idea of a voluntary dictation for everyone came up at the Novosibirsk State University. Over the 12 years of its existence, "Total Dictation" has turned into a large-scale international event. In total, 93.7 thousand people in 58 countries of the world and 549 cities took part in Total Dictation this year. In Russia, the dictation was written by 84.3 thousand people in 79 regions.
NOVOSIBIRSK, 22 Apr - RIA Novosti. Experts checking the texts written in the framework of the international action "Total dictation" this year faced the fact that the participants often made mistakes in such words as "half-hearted" and "half-turned"; the spelling of these adverbs is included in the USE program.
"Total dictation" was written by almost 94 thousand people this yearIn Russia, 84,275 people wrote the dictation in 79 regions with the exception of Chukotka, Tuva, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Karachay-Cherkessia and Novgorod Oblast. Moscow became the leader in the number of participants among all cities this year for the first time."The leaders in terms of mistakes were two words. In the second part of the dictation, this is the word" half-heartedly ", where almost 71% of those who wrote something unexpected, "- said the chairman of the expert commission of the action, philologist Natalya Koshkareva on Wednesday.
She noted that this rule is worked out in secondary school and it is included in the tasks for the exam. Nevertheless, it turns out that it turned out to be completely missed by those who, on average, write "Total Dictation". The most common mistake was the spelling "half-ear".
"Most likely the situation is due to the fact that this rule competes with another rule for writing nouns such as" half-ear "," half-turn "through a hyphen if the second part of the word begins with a vowel, and the adverbs" half-ear "and" half-turn "should be written That is, the rule for nouns is well remembered, and such adverbs are among the exceptions, and they are remembered worse, "said Koshkareva.
According to her, such mistakes are possibly related to the need to revise these rules, at least the philologists are faced with the question of why mistakes are made in these words so massively.
“We expected that the largest number of mistakes would be in words that were outdated, such as 'gramophone', but our expectations were not confirmed. Only 7% made mistakes in that word. That is, the idea that obsolete words cause difficulties did not materialize here ", - said the expert.
Also, according to her, mistakes were often made in the words "invisible", "incomprehensible" and "unobvious". For these words, the error rate was 32%. Koshkareva noted that these errors are traditional and are associated with a complex rule of writing together and separately particles "not".
As for punctuation - in the text of the dictation there were adverbs "at the same time", "in general", which should not be separated by commas, but the writers mistakenly took them for introductory words and separated them with commas. This is from 13% to 15% of errors. The word "in general" stands out sharply from this series. This adverbial combination should not be separated by commas either, but 70% of those who wrote wrote around it with commas. This is also a question for philologists, the expert noted.
According to Koshkareva, philologists expected massive mistakes in the word "burns" in connection with the spread of this word in the so-called "Albany" language in the form of "burns" on the Internet, however, as the dictation showed, only a few made mistakes in this word.
Total dictation is an annual educational action in the form of a voluntary dictation for everyone. Its purpose is to enable everyone to test their knowledge of the Russian language and to awaken interest in improving literacy. The idea of a voluntary dictation for everyone was born at the Novosibirsk State University. Over the 12 years of its existence, "Total Dictation" has turned into a large-scale international event.
In total, 93.7 thousand people in 58 countries of the world and 549 cities took part in Total Dictation this year. In Russia, the dictation was written by 84.3 thousand people in 79 regions of the country.
