The brave underground worker was born on January 3, 1924 in the village of Pervomaika, not far from the city of Krasnodon, Donetsk province, into a large mining family. Her father, a former Poltava peasant, participated in the Russian-Japanese and First World Wars, and was awarded three Crosses of St. George. Ulyana's older brother Elisha fought as a pilot at the front from the first days of the Great Patriotic War. In 1932, Ulyana began her studies at secondary school No. 6 in the village. May Day. She was an excellent student and an activist, and repeatedly received certificates of merit. In March 1940 she joined the ranks of the Komsomol.
When the war began, she was finishing ninth grade. In June 1942, Ulyana received a certificate of completion high school, and already in mid-July the Krasnodon region was occupied by German troops. She was unable to evacuate because her mother was ill at the time and could not be left unattended. As soon as the occupation of Krasnodon began, several Red Army soldiers who found themselves behind German lines created an underground organization, which was later given the name “Young Guard”. Gromova, together with several young residents of Pervomaika, joined it in September 1942, and in October she was elected a member of the organization’s headquarters.
Ulyana Gromova in Young Guard
Young Guards distributed anti-fascist leaflets and carried out sabotage at city enterprises. On the night of November 7, 1942, in honor of the 25th anniversary October revolution, Ulyana and two friends hung a red flag at one of the schools in the village. Other Young Guards in Krasnodon carried out the same action, hanging red flags on the tallest buildings in the city. A month later, on December 6, 1942, young underground workers burned down the labor exchange, where lists of people intended to be transported to forced labor in Germany were kept. Thousands of young people - residents of Krasnodon and surrounding villages were rescued and remained on native land. Just before the front approached, the Krasnodon underground in the German rear was preparing an armed uprising.
On New Year's Eve 1943, the Young Guards made a daring attack on German cars with New Year's gifts for soldiers and officers of the Wehrmacht. Following this raid, the Gestapo and police followed the organization. Starting on January 5, 1943, the Gestapo began mass arrests of underground members. On January 10, Gromova was also arrested, and on January 16, she, along with other Young Guard members, was shot and thrown into the pit of mine No. 5. A month later, on February 14, Soviet troops entered the city. Gromova’s body, raised to the surface, bore traces of numerous tortures. She was buried on March 1, 1943 in the mass grave of the Young Guard on the central square of Krasnodon, where the Young Guard memorial was later installed. On September 13, 1943, Ulyana Gromova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Soviet Union.
In 1946, Alexander Fadeev’s novel “The Young Guard” was published, telling about the feat of the Young Guard. Based on it, in 1948 at the film studio named after. Gorky, directed by Sergei Gerasimov, shot a film of the same name, in which Nona Mordyukova played Ulyana Gromova. In many cities former USSR Streets are named after her. On one of these streets, in the city of Tolyatti, in 1988, a monument was unveiled to her in the form of a high relief made of forged copper, which is installed on a white wall.
Know, Soviet people, that you are descendants of fearless warriors! Know, Soviet people, that the blood flows in you of great heroes who gave their lives for their Motherland, without thinking about the benefits! Know and...
Know, Soviet people, that you are descendants of fearless warriors! Know, Soviet people, that the blood flows in you of great heroes who gave their lives for their Motherland, without thinking about the benefits! Know and honor, Soviet people, the exploits of our grandfathers and fathers!
Ulyana Matveevna Gromova was born on January 3, 1924 in Krasnodon (modern Lugansk People's Republic). Russian by nationality. At school, Ulyana was the best student and read a lot. She kept a notebook where she wrote down expressions she liked from the books she had just read. For example, in her notebook there were these quotes:
“It is much easier to see heroes die than to listen to some coward scream for mercy.” (Jack London)
“The most precious thing a person has is life. It is given to him once, and he must live it in such a way that there is no excruciating pain for the years spent aimlessly, so that the shame for the mean and petty past does not burn, and so that when he dies, he can say: all his life and all his strength were given to the most beautiful thing in world - the struggle for the liberation of humanity." (Nikolai Ostrovsky)
In March 1940, she joined the Komsomol.
Ulyana was a tenth-grader when the Great Patriotic War began. By this time, as I. A. Shkreba recalled,
“She already had firm concepts about duty, honor, and morality. This is a strong-willed nature."
She was distinguished by a wonderful sense of friendship and collectivism. Together with her peers, Ulya worked in the collective farm fields and cared for the wounded in the hospital. In 1942 she graduated from school.
When the war began, Ulyana wrote in her notebook:
“Our life, creative work, our future, our entire Soviet culture is in danger. We must hate the enemies of our Fatherland; to hate the enemies of human happiness, to be kindled with an invincible thirst to avenge the torment and death of fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, friends, for the death and torment of every Soviet citizen.”
Ulyana Gromova was one of the leaders and organizers of the youth struggle against the Nazi occupiers in the mining town of Krasnodon. Since September 1942, Gromova was a member of the headquarters of the underground Komsomol organization “Young Guard”.
Each member of the Young Guard took an oath:
“When I join the ranks of the Young Guard, in the face of my friends in arms, in the face of my native, long-suffering land, in the face of all the people, I solemnly swear: to unquestioningly carry out any task given to me by my senior comrade, to keep in the deepest secrecy everything that concerns my work in the Young Guard.
I swear to take revenge mercilessly for the burned, devastated cities and villages, for the blood of our people, for the martyrdom of thirty heroic miners. And if this revenge requires my life, I will give it without a moment’s hesitation.
If I break this sacred oath under torture or because of cowardice, then may my name and my family be cursed forever.
Blood for blood! Death for death!
The “Young Guard” distributes leaflets in hundreds and thousands - at bazaars, in cinemas, in clubs. Leaflets are found on the police building, even in the pockets of police officers. In underground conditions, new members are accepted into the ranks of the Komsomol, temporary certificates are issued, and membership fees are accepted. As Soviet troops approach, an armed uprising is being prepared and weapons are being obtained in a variety of ways.
At the same time, strike groups carried out acts of sabotage and terrorism: they killed policemen and Nazis, freed captured Soviet soldiers, burned the labor exchange along with all the documents located there, thereby saving several thousand Soviet people from being hijacked to Nazi Germany..
The organization was discovered by the police, members of the Young Guard were captured. On January 10, 1943, Ulyana was also captured. Ulyana’s mother recalled her daughter’s arrest:
“The door swings open and the Germans and police burst into the room.
Are you Gromova? - said one of them, pointing to Ulyasha.
She straightened up, looked around at everyone and said loudly:
Get ready! - the policeman barked.
“Don’t yell,” Ulya answered calmly.
Not a single muscle moved on her face. She easily and confidently put on her coat, tied a scarf around her head, put a piece of oatcake in her pocket and, coming up to me, kissed me deeply. Raising her head, she looked so tenderly and warmly at me, at the table where the books lay, at her bed, at her sister’s children, timidly looking out from the other room, as if she was silently saying goodbye to everything. Then she straightened up and said firmly:
I'm ready!
This is how I will remember her for the rest of my life.”
Ulyana spoke with conviction about the struggle in the cell:
“Fighting is not such a simple thing; in any conditions, in any situation, you have to not bend, but find a way out and fight. We can also fight in these conditions, we just need to be more decisive and organized. We can arrange an escape and continue our work in freedom. Think about it".
In the cell, Ulyana read poetry to her comrades.
Ulyana Gromova behaved with dignity during interrogations, refusing to give any testimony about the activities of the underground.
“...Ulyana Gromova was hung up by her hair, a five-pointed star was cut out on her back, her breasts were cut off, her body was burned with a hot iron, her wounds were sprinkled with salt, and she was placed on a hot stove. The torture continued for a long time and mercilessly, but she remained silent. When, after yet another beating, investigator Cherenkov asked Ulyana why she behaved so defiantly, the girl replied:
“I didn’t join the organization to then ask for your forgiveness; I only regret one thing, that we didn’t have enough time to do! But it’s okay, maybe the Red Army will still have time to rescue us!...” (from the book by A.F. Gordeev “Feat in the Name of Life”).
“Ulyana Gromova, 19 years old, a five-pointed star was carved on her back, her right arm was broken, her ribs were broken” (KGB Archives of the USSR Council of Ministers, d. 100-275, vol. 8).
Before her death, Ulyana wrote a letter to her family on the wall of her cell:
Goodbye mom, goodbye dad
Farewell, all my relatives,
Farewell, my beloved brother Yelya,
You won't see me again.
I dream about your engines in my dreams,
Your figure always stands out in the eyes.
My beloved brother, I am dying,
Stand stronger for your Motherland.
Goodbye.
Greetings from Ulya Gromova.
Ulyana Gromova suicide note
After brutal torture, on January 16, 1943, 19-year-old Ulyana was shot and thrown into a mine. She did not live to see the liberation of Krasnodon by Soviet troops for only 4 weeks. She was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on September 13, 1943 (posthumously).
Ulyana Matveevna Gromova was born on January 3, 1924 in the village of Pervomaika, Krasnodon region. There were five children in the family, Ulya was the youngest.
Father, Matvey Maksimovich, often told children about the glory of Russian weapons, about famous military leaders, about past battles and campaigns, instilling in children pride in their people and their Motherland.
Mother, Matryona Savelyevna, knew many songs, epics, and was a real folk storyteller.
In 1932, Ulyana went to first grade at Pervomaisk School No. 6. She studied excellently, moved from class to class with Certificates of Merit.
“Gromova is rightfully considered the best student in her class and school,” said former director School No. 6 I. A. Shkreba. - Of course, she has excellent abilities, high development, but the main role belongs to work - persistent and systematic. She studies with soul and interest. Thanks to this, Gromova’s knowledge is wider and her understanding of phenomena is deeper than that of many of her fellow students.”
Ulyana read a lot and was a passionate fan of M.Yu. Lermontov and T.G. Shevchenko, A.M. Gorky and Jack London. She kept a diary where she wrote down expressions she liked from the books she had just read.
In 1939, Gromova was elected a member of the academic committee. In March 1940, she joined the Komsomol. She successfully completed her first Komsomol assignment - a counselor in a pioneer detachment. She carefully prepared for each gathering, made clippings from newspapers and magazines, and selected children's poems and stories.
Ulyana was a tenth-grader when the Great Patriotic War began. By this time, as I. A. Shkreba recalled, “she had already developed firm concepts about duty, honor, and morality. She is a strong-willed nature.”
She was distinguished by a wonderful sense of friendship and collectivism. Together with her peers, Ulya worked in the collective farm fields and cared for the wounded in the hospital.
In 1942 she graduated from school.
During the occupation, Anatoly Popov and Ulyana Gromova organized a patriotic group of youth in the village of Pervomaika, which became part of the Young Guard.
Gromova is elected a member of the headquarters of the underground Komsomol organization. She takes an active part in preparing the military operations of the Young Guards, distributes leaflets, collects medicines, works among the population, agitating Krasnodon residents to disrupt the plans of the invaders to supply food and recruit young people to Germany.
On the eve of the 25th anniversary of the Great October Revolution, together with Anatoly Popov, Ulyana hung a red flag on the chimney of mine No. 1-bis.
Ulyana Gromova was a determined, brave underground worker, distinguished by her firmness of convictions and her ability to instill confidence in others.
These qualities manifested themselves with particular force during the most tragic period of her life, when in January 1943 she ended up in fascist dungeons.
As Valeria Borts’ mother, Maria Andreevna, recalls, Ulyana spoke with conviction about the fight in the cell: “We must not bend in any conditions, in any situation, but find a way out and fight. We can also fight in these conditions, we just need to be more decisive and organized ".
Ulyana Gromova behaved with dignity during interrogations, refusing to give any testimony about the activities of the underground.
She was buried in the mass grave of heroes in the central square of the city of Krasnodon.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated September 13, 1943, Ulyana Matveevna Gromova, a member of the headquarters of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard", was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Young Guards: Biographical sketches about members of the Krasnodon Party-Komsomol underground / Comp. R. M. Aptekar, A. G. Nikitenko - Donetsk: Donbass, 1981.
Ulyana Gromova was a determined, brave underground worker, distinguished by her firmness of convictions and her ability to instill confidence in others. These qualities manifested themselves with particular force during the most tragic period of her life, when in January 1943 she ended up in fascist dungeons.
Ulyana Matveevna Gromova was born on January 3, 1924 in the village of Pervomaika, Krasnodonsky district. There were five children in the family, Ulya was the youngest. Father, Matvey Maksimovich, often told children about the glory of Russian weapons, about famous military leaders, about past battles and campaigns, instilling in children pride in their people and their Motherland. Mother, Matryona Savelyevna, knew many songs, epics, and was a real folk storyteller.
In 1932, Ulyana went to first grade at Pervomaisk School No. 6. She studied excellently, moved from class to class with Certificates of Merit. “Gromova is rightfully considered the best student of the class and the school,” said the former director of secondary school No. 6 I.A. Shkreba. “Of course, she has excellent abilities, high development, but the main role belongs to work - persistent and systematic. She studies with soul, interest. Thanks to this, Gromova’s knowledge is wider, her understanding of phenomena is deeper than that of many of her fellow students.”
Ulyana read a lot, was a passionate fan of M. Yu. Lermontov and T. G. Shevchenko, A. M. Gorky and Jack London. She kept a diary where she wrote down expressions she liked from the books she had just read.
In 1939, Gromova was elected a member of the academic committee. In March 1940, she joined the Komsomol. She successfully completed her first Komsomol assignment - a counselor in a pioneer detachment. She carefully prepared for each gathering, made clippings from newspapers and magazines, and selected children's poems and stories.
Ulyana was a tenth-grader when the Great Patriotic War began. By this time, as I. A. Shkreba recalled, “she had already developed firm concepts about duty, honor, and morality. She is a strong-willed nature.” She was distinguished by a wonderful sense of friendship and collectivism. Together with her peers, Ulya worked in the collective farm fields and cared for the wounded in the hospital. In 1942 she graduated from school.
During the occupation, Anatoly Popov and Ulyana Gromova organized a patriotic group of youth in the village of Pervomaika, which became part of the Young Guard. Gromova is elected a member of the headquarters of the underground Komsomol organization. She takes an active part in preparing the military operations of the Young Guards, distributes leaflets, collects medicines, works among the population, agitating Krasnodon residents to disrupt the plans of the invaders to supply food and recruit young people to Germany.
On the eve of the 25th anniversary of the Great October Revolution, together with Anatoly Popov, Ulyana hung a red flag on the chimney of mine No. 1-bis.
Ulyana Gromova was a determined, brave underground worker, distinguished by her firmness of convictions and her ability to instill confidence in others. These qualities manifested themselves with particular force during the most tragic period of her life, when in January 1943 she ended up in fascist dungeons. As Valeria Borts’ mother, Maria Andreevna, recalls, Ulyana spoke with conviction about the fight in the cell: “We must not bend in any conditions, in any situation, but find a way out and fight. We can also fight in these conditions, we just need to be more decisive and organized ".
Ulyana Gromova behaved with dignity during interrogations, refusing to give any testimony about the activities of the underground.
"...Ulyana Gromova was hung by her hair, a five-pointed star was cut out on her back, her breasts were cut off, her body was burned with a hot iron and the wounds were sprinkled with salt, she was put on a hot stove. The torture continued for a long time and mercilessly, but she was silent. When, after the next beatings, the investigator Cherenkov asked Ulyana why she behaved so defiantly, the girl replied: “I didn’t join the organization to ask for your forgiveness later; I only regret one thing, that we didn’t have enough time to do! But never mind, perhaps the Red Army will still have time to rescue us!..." From the book by A.F. Gordeev "Feat in the Name of Life"
“Ulyana Gromova, 19 years old, a five-pointed star was carved on her back, her right arm was broken, her ribs were broken” (KGB Archives of the USSR Council of Ministers, d. 100-275, vol. 8).
She was buried in the mass grave of heroes in the central square of the city of Krasnodon.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated September 13, 1943, Ulyana Matveevna Gromova, a member of the headquarters of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard", was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
G Ulyana Matveevna Romova is a member of the headquarters of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard".
Born on January 3, 1924 in the village of Sorokino (from 1938 and now - the city of Krasnodon, Lugansk region, Ukraine) in a working-class family. Russian. She graduated from school No. 6 in the city of Krasnodon.
During the Great Patriotic War one of the leaders and organizers of the youth struggle against the Nazi occupiers in Krasnodon. Since September 1942, Komsomol member U.M. Gromova was a member of the headquarters of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard". She participated in the development of a plan to set fire to the labor exchange, wrote the texts of leaflets and posted them around the city. On the eve of the 25th anniversary of the Great October Revolution socialist revolution participated in hoisting the red flag over mine No. 1-bis. She was arrested by the Nazis and, after brutal torture, killed on January 16, 1943.
She was buried in a mass grave in the central square of the city of Krasnodon, where it was built memorial Complex"Young guard".
Z The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded posthumously to Ulyana Matveevna Gromova by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated September 13, 1943.
She was awarded the Order of Lenin and a medal.
Streets and alleys in large and small cities of Russia and the CIS countries were named after her, many pioneer detachments, squads, and a motor ship were named. At the school where Ulyana Gromova studied, a classroom named after her was created. The Young Guard Museum contains materials telling about the life and exploits of the Heroine. A bust was erected in the park named after the Young Guard in Lugansk.
IMMORTALITY
“I, joining the ranks of the Young Guard, in the face of my friends in arms, in the face of my native, long-suffering land, in the face of all the people, solemnly swear:
Unquestioningly carry out any task given to me by a senior comrade,
To keep everything related to my work in the Young Guard in the deepest secrecy.
I swear to take revenge mercilessly for the burned, devastated cities and villages, for the blood of our people, for the martyrdom of thirty heroic miners. And if this revenge requires my life, I will give it without a moment’s hesitation.
If I break this sacred oath under torture or because of cowardice, then may my name and my family be cursed forever.
Blood for blood! Death for death!"
This oath of allegiance to the Motherland and the fight until the last breath for its liberation from the Nazi invaders was given by members of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard" in the city of Krasnodon, Voroshilovgrad region. They gave it in the fall of 1942, standing opposite each other in a small mountain, when a piercing autumn wind howled over the enslaved and devastated land of Donbass. The small town lay hidden in the darkness, the fascists stood in the miners' houses...
The "Young Guard" distributes leaflets in hundreds and thousands - at bazaars, in cinemas, in clubs. Leaflets are found on the police building, even in the pockets of police officers.
In underground conditions, new members are accepted into the ranks of the Komsomol, temporary certificates are issued, and membership fees are accepted. As Soviet troops approach, an armed uprising is being prepared and weapons are being obtained in a variety of ways.
At the same time, strike groups carry out acts of sabotage and terrorism.
On the night of November 7–8, Ivan Turkenich’s group hanged two policemen.
On November 9, Anatoly Popov’s group on the Gundorovka-Gerasimovka road destroys a passenger car with three senior Nazi officers.
On November 15, Viktor Petrov’s group liberates 75 Red Army soldiers and commanders from a concentration camp in the village of Volchansk.
In early December, Moshkov’s group burned three cars on the Krasnodon-Sverdlovsk road...
A few days after this operation, Tyulenin’s group carried out an armed attack on the Krasnodon-Rovenki road against the guards, who were driving 500 head of cattle taken from the residents. Destroys the guards, scatters the cattle across the steppe.
Members of the “Young Guard”, who, on instructions from the headquarters, settled in occupation institutions and enterprises, are slowing down their work with skillful maneuvers. Sergei Levashov, working as a driver in a garage, disables three cars one after another, Yuri Vitsenovsky causes several accidents at the mine.
On the night of December 5-6, a brave trio of Young Guards - Lyuba Shevtsova, Sergei Tyulenin and Viktor Lukyanchenko - carry out a brilliant operation to set fire to the labor exchange. By destroying the exchange with all the documents, the Young Guards saved several thousand Soviet people from being deported to Nazi Germany.
On the night of November 6-7, members of the organization hang on the buildings of the school, the former district consumer union. hospitals and in fact high tree city park red flags... “When I saw the flag on the school,” says M.A. Litvinova, a resident of the city of Krasnodon, “involuntary joy and pride overwhelmed me. I woke up the children and quickly ran across the road to Mukhina. I found her standing in the lower linen on the windowsill, tears crawled in streams down her thin cheeks. She said: “Marya Alekseevna, this was done for us, Soviet people. We are remembered, we are not forgotten."
The organization was discovered by the police...
Members of the Young Guard were subjected to terrible torture. But they survived, revealing such a height of spiritual beauty that it will inspire many, many more generations.
The head of the organization was Oleg Koshevoy. Despite his youth, he turned out to be an excellent organizer. Dreaminess was combined in him with exceptional practicality and efficiency. Tall, broad-shouldered, he radiated strength and health, and more than once he himself took part in bold forays against the enemy. Being arrested, he infuriated the Gestapo with his unshakable contempt for them. Perseverance and will did not leave him. After each interrogation, gray strands appeared in his stripes. He went to execution completely gray-haired.
Having kept their oath to the end, most of the members of the Young Guard organization died, only a few people remained alive. They walked to their execution with Vladimir Ilyich Lenin’s favorite song, “Tortured by Heavy Captivity.”
The “Young Guard” is not a single, exceptional phenomenon in the territory captured by the fascist occupiers. A proud Soviet man is fighting everywhere. And although the members of the militant organization “Young Guard” died in the struggle, they are immortal, because their spiritual traits are the traits of the new Soviet man, the traits of the people of the country of socialism...
The city of Krasnodon was liberated by Soviet troops on February 14, 1943. Alexander Fadeev wrote an essay about the Young Guards hot on the heels of events, when not everything about their activities was known. Later, in the novel “The Young Guard,” A. Fadeev revealed in detail the circumstances of the work and death of the Young Guard.
An underground party organization led by the district party committee operated in Krasnodon. The secretary of the district committee was Philip Petrovich Lyutikov, a participant in the October armed uprising. As part of Ukrainian partisans and in units Soviet army he fought against the White Guard gangs of Denikin in Ukraine, in 1924, at Lenin’s call, he joined the ranks of the Communist Party, a year later he was one of the first in Ukraine awarded the order Red Banner of Labor and awarded the title of Hero of Labor. For many years F.P. Lyutikov was in leadership positions in Donbass.
The underground district committee of the party led the entire struggle against the occupiers in the city and region, including the activities of the Young Guards, made it organized, taught young patriots purposefulness and strict secrecy in their work.
The homeland highly appreciated heroic feat young patriots. MIND. Thunderous,
