In my opinion, articles about the history of the city of Klimovichi that are quite simple to remember and not overloaded with unnecessary events are published in our regional newspaper:
There were many events in the historical biography of Klimovshchina. In our calendar we will name the brightest, most significant ones that left their mark on the fate of our native land.Read in Rodnaya Niva:
1581 year - the first mention of Klimovichi. In the document dated December 20, 1581, “The amicable court of compromise of Pavel Avseevich on the delimitation of the land of Klypinskaya with the Klimovichi eldership” we're talking about on the delimitation of the possessions of Pavel Avseevich Osmolovsky with the lands of peasants in the area of the village of Baleshino. Taking into account this document, the first mention of Klimovichi dates back to 1581.
1626 year - a monastery of the Dominican Order was founded in Klimovichi.
1740 -1744 years - a peasant anti-feudal uprising under the leadership of V. Vashchila in the Krichevsky eldership, which at that time included many Klimovichi villages.
1772 year - the first partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as a result of which the Mstislav Voivodeship became part of the Mogilev province, and the Klimovshchina became a county.
1777 year - Empress Catherine II declared Klimovichi a district town.
March 22, 1777 year, the Decree of Empress Catherine II “On the establishment of the Mogilev province of 12 districts” was issued: “... We most graciously command that 12 districts be in the Mogilev province: ... Cherikovsky, Klimovitsky, Rogachevsky .., as a result of which all the towns and villages to which these districts are assigned, rename cities" (Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire, T. 20, p. 514).
And this city began in 1777 year, June 4th day from a state-owned village after the opening of the Mogilev governorship.
1779 year - the city plan was approved.
1780 year - Klimovichi district owns the following places: 1) Lozovitsa, on the right side of the Lobzha River. There is a Uniate church, a Jesuit monastery, and there is a fair here. 2) Miloslavichi, on the Iput River, with one Greek and one Uniate church. 3) Relatives, there is only one Uniate church. 4) Shumyachi, on the Shumyachka River near the Smolensk border; it has a Uniate and two Catholic churches and there are also two fairs a year. 5) Khotimsk, near the Besyad River; there are both Greek and Uniate churches here. 6) Belynkovichi, two miles from the borders of the Kyiv province, on the left side of the Besyad River; there are two Uniate churches in it. 7) Student, with one Uniate church. 8) Negin, on the left side of the Zhadunka River, where there is one Uniate church. 9) Mikhailov, on the same side of the Zhadunka River, where there is one Uniate church. 10) Kostyukovichi, on the right side of the Zhadunka River; there is one Uniate church, and there are two fairs a year.
1781 year - the city's coat of arms was approved.
1812 year - Patriotic War. In the Mogilev region, including in the Klimovichi district, many villages and towns were robbed and destroyed. Before the occupation of Klimovichi by the French, the files and archives of all government institutions were sent on July 20, 1812 to Chernigov. They were not returned to Klimovichi.
There are no more than 100 adult citizens left in the city. The rest either died after becoming infected. stomach disease from the soldiers, or fled...
1858 year - a distillation plant, built by the Germans and owned by them until 1914, operated in Klimovichi. Then it came into full possession of the landowner K.K. Kamensky. Later it became known as a distillery.
1861 year - in the Memorable Book of the Mogilev Province the following description is given: “The city of Klimovichi. Located on a flat, rather low place near the Kalinitsa stream, 20 versts from the left bank of the Sozh River... Inhabitants in 1860 are considered to be 1033 male souls and 813 female souls, including 646 men and 491 women of the Orthodox faith, Roman Catholic - 73 men and 62 women, Jews - 313 men and 260 women, Mohammedan - 1 man. There are 1 stone houses, 340 wooden houses. Klimovichi belongs to the poorest towns of the Mogilev province and in its buildings is more similar to a village than to a city. The inhabitants, predominantly Christians, are engaged in arable farming and rural crafts, and Jews - in petty trade. There are 38 wooden stalls. There is a small fair on June 24th. Markets on Sundays. Three tanneries, four brick factories and two pottery factories. A parish two-year school and a private girls' school. Free pharmacy, opened in 1860.
1864 year - the Rodnenskoye one-class public school opens.
1867 year - St. Arch began to work. St. Michael's Cathedral Church. It is made of stone, has a small capacity in terms of the number of parishioners, and has a single altar. It was erected by order of the former head of the Northwestern Territory, Count Mikhail Nikolaevich Muravyov.
In the same year in the city, on the central street. Svirelskaya, a wooden house with an attic was built for Prince Nikolai Nikolaevich Meshchersky (now there is a local history museum here).
February 29 (03/12) 1868 Panteleimon Nikolaevich Lepeshinsky, a professional revolutionary, Doctor of Historical Sciences, was born in the town of Studenets, Klimovichi district.
1872 year - in the city of Klimovichi, on the initiative of a local assistant police officer, a former student of the Gatchina Orphan Institute, the construction of a boulevard and a city park with an area of 3.8 hectares began.
1874 year - the Domamerichsky one-class public school opens.
1876 year - the year of opening of the Timonovsky one-class public school.
1881 year - two hospitals operated in the city (city and prison). 164 people were treated there during the year - 116 men and 48 women. In the town of Miloslavichi there was an almshouse in which 7 people were kept.
1884 year - Miloslavichi, Ledeshnenskaya, Starostanskaya one-class parochial schools were opened.
1885 year - the Titov one-class parochial school began to operate.
1887 year - in the town of Miloslavichi, a stone, two-altar temple, beautiful from the outside, was built at the expense of the treasury.
December 19, 1890 Nikolai Mitrofanovich Yanovsky was born in the village of Potoronovka, Klimovichi district, a participant in the civil war, head of the department of command and control personnel of the USSR NPO. During the Great Patriotic War was a quartermaster Stalingrad Front, head of the rear, central base. Awarded the Order Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and many medals. Died in 1964.
1891 year - the opening of craft classes at the Timonovsky Public School took place, which were approved on April 10, 1891 by the trustee of the Vilna educational district N. Sergievsky. In these classes, students were trained mainly in blacksmithing, metalworking and carpentry and turning.
1892 year - in the village of Kanichi, Klimovichi district, Stratonik Ilyich Zhbankov was born - one of the active organizers of Soviet power in the district, a delegate of the III and V All-Russian Congresses of Soviets, chairman of the district executive committee. Died in 1963.
In the same year, a voluntary fire society was formed in the city of Klimovichi with 180 members, one fire engine and five barrels. The cost of maintaining this society per year was 31 rubles. 30 kopecks
1892-1893- Actual State Councilor M.V. Fursov and official for special assignments under the Mogilev governor S.Yu. Cholovsky carried out the first archaeological excavations on the territory of the district.
November 22, 1893 Parfiry Savelyevich Marchenko was born in the village of Eroshovka - participant civil war, chairman of the Khotovizh volost committee, veteran of the Great Patriotic War.
Also this year, Vasily Antonovich Kampan was born in Klimovichi. In 1918 he was military commissar, and the next year he was appointed military commissar of the Mogilev province. He held high military positions. Died in September 1941.
1895 year - under the editorship of V.P. Semenov, the work “Russia. A complete geographical description of our Fatherland." Volume nine says: “Klimovichi... Fame begins no earlier than the 17th century, precisely in 1626, when the Dominican monastery was founded here (at present, no traces of this monastery remain).
1896 - Valentina Feofanovna Andreeva (Polyakova) was born - Honored Teacher of the BSSR. For her labor successes in 1939, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Died in 1980
Ignatiy Savelyevich Marchenko was born in the village of Eroshovka in the same year. In 1919-20 he was the chairman of the district Cheka.
February 10, 1897 year in the village of Krivaya, Klimovichi district, Ivan Sergeevich Legenchenko, Honored Doctor of Belarus, was born. In 1945, he was the head of the department of obstetrics and gynecology at the Belarusian Institute for Advanced Medical Studies and the chief obstetrician-gynecologist of the People's Commissar of Health of the BSSR. Awarded orders and medals of the USSR, Certificate of honor Supreme Council of the BSSR
IN 1900 Francis Ivanovich Osmolovsky, a local historian, was born in the village of Gireevichi. Graduated with honors from the Mining Academy in Moscow. He worked in the mines of the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic for 18 years. In 1958 he returned to Klimovichi. In 1968, his brochure “Ahovah's Birth” was published. In 1969, he completed work on the manuscript “Klimovichi and Klimovichi District.” Died 1971
April 18, 1903 Georgy Petrovich Kulyako, major general, participant in the Great Patriotic War, was born in the village of Rodnya. For 20 years he taught at the Military Academy. Frunze. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, four Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, two Orders of the Red Star, the Order of A. Nevsky and many medals.
January 14, 1904 Mikhail Stepanovich Osmolovsky, Belarusian architect, head of the department for architecture at the Council of Ministers of the BSSR, candidate of sciences, head of the department of the Institute of Land Surveyors, was born in the village of Osmolovichi.
IN 1905 year, a long brick building was built on the city's Market Square, which housed small retail shops and the first private cinema with 140 seats. Shortly before the Great Patriotic War, a primitive butter factory was set up in the building. Currently, the building of the Svitanak restaurant is located on this site. The Mikhalinsky distillery began its work. The number of workers at the plant was 7 people. Production of anhydrous alcohol per year - 780 buckets.
IN 1905-1906 gg. The agrarian movement developed widely in the Klimovichi district. During this period, 38 peasant uprisings took place.
December 19, 1906 Nikolai Porfirievich Klaus, a famous Belarusian conductor, composer and pianist, was born. In 1939, he became the chief conductor of the symphony orchestra of the All-Belarusian Radio Committee. Author of the piano ballads “Steps of Time”, “A Sunbeam Playing with a Speck of Dust”. He staged dozens of opera and ballet performances. He died on November 19, 2001 in Kaluga.
IN 1907 In 2009, a county society for the dissemination of secondary education was created.
IN 1908 year, the city was illuminated with ordinary kerosene lanterns. In the same year, landowner Kamensky installed two kerosene-heat lamps on Svirelskaya Street, purchased both with his own funds and through donations.
A number of projects are emerging railways, including the city of Klimovichi in the railway network.
A public 1-class men's facility has opened in a rented house educational institution with the gymnasium program consisting of the first three classes.
May 27, 1908 year in the village of Kasperka, Matvey Georgievich Zakalinsky was born, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of the Department of Political Economy of the Moscow state institute international relations. Awarded the Order of the Red Star and medals.
The collection “List of populated places of the Mogilev province” was published. The following is written about our city:
“...Klimovichi... The populated area of the city is 220 acres. There are 18 streets, length - 22 versts and 6 lanes. Areas 2. Garden 2 des. 2000 sq. fathoms. Residential buildings 750; of which 743 are wooden and 7 are stone. The city's lighting is kerosene - 52 lanterns. There is a volunteer firefighting society - with 3 engines and 11 barrels. One city slaughterhouse, where up to 750 livestock are killed per year. Churches - 3, Jewish schools - 5, cemeteries - 2.
There is 1 women's gymnasium with 75 students, 1 city school and parish schools. Libraries - 1, reading rooms - 1, hospitals - 1, pharmacy stores - 1, doctors - 4, veterinarians - 1, midwives - 2, paramedics - 5. Hotels - 2, guesthouses - 5, taverns - 1, taverns - 1, teahouses - 1. Craft establishments - 25, artisans - 120. Notary - 1, printing house - 1, photographs - 2, cab drivers - 5.
Retail price: 1 pound of rye bread - 3-4 kopecks; wheat - 5-7 kopecks; salt - 1 1/2 kopecks; meat 7-12 kopecks; sugar 14-16 kopecks; kerosene - 5 kopecks. Servant's pay: men's 3-8 rubles. per month; women's 2-5 rub. per month. Pay for laborers: men 40-75 kopecks per day. There are 50 beggars in the city. Police staff: police officer; assistant; a police supervisor and 12 policemen.”
The craft classes at the Timonovsky Public School were transformed into a lower vocational school, housed in a newly built two-story building.
By the beginning of 1913, on the territory of the Klimovichi district (within the borders of the modern district) there were medical and obstetric stations in Miloslavichi, Rodna, Khotovizh, and Timonovo. The vacancies of local doctors were filled by D.I. Viskovsky and M.A. Letkovsky.
IN 1914 5 pharmacies were opened in the county this year.
A geographical and statistical essay “The City of Klimovichi, Mogilev Province” was published, prepared by S.I. Yaroslavtsev, a teacher at the Klimovichi Men’s Gymnasium.
Lyudmila Andryushkova, director of the regional museum of local lore.
Part 1 -
|
Mogilev province, Klimovichi district, outskirts of Sudila and Selts, who own this land without peasants on September 1844. Approved by the Mogilev Noble Deputy Assembly with inclusion in the sixth part of the noble genealogy book in 1804 September 10 days (NIAB fund 3162 op.1 d.2 pp. 136 -138) In the 19th century, the Kokashinskys from Sudily settled into several branches in the villages: Sloboda, Sidorovka, Sudily and Rekta. In 1929, my grandfather Kokashinsky Kliment Demyanovich moved to Leningrad, where my closest relatives still lived and still live. The reason for the move was my grandfather’s careless statements about the “delights of collectivization.” Without waiting for arrest, the grandfather decided to move further away. At the moment, there is documentary evidence of the Kokashinskys’ residence in Leningrad (St. Petersburg) since 1929. The descendants of Stanislav Kokoshinsky now, in addition to the Klimovichi district of the Mogilev region and St. Petersburg, live in Moscow, Vitebsk, Minsk, Gomel, Dnepropetrovsk, Smolensk, Serov, Kaliningrad, Nizhnekamsk, Kharkov, Belgorod...(this is only from what I know exactly) Interesting materials about the life and history of Sudil can also be read on the “Press about us” page. For which I want to express my deep gratitude to my “fellow villagers” (or rather distant relatives) Daria Evers (Galkovskaya), her father Alexander Galkovsky and the entire Galkovsky family. You can familiarize yourself with the materials of the 1925 census You can read about the distribution of the Kokashinsky surname in our time in the section "Family Geography". Mogilev province of the Russian Empire. Klimovichi district
,
in the eastern part of the province, occupied, according to Strelbitsky’s calculations, 3711.4 square meters. verst. By January 1, 1895, there were 125,963 inhabitants (excluding the city): Orthodox 112,217, Catholics 798, Protestants 615, Jews 11,502, other religions 746. Nobles 765, clergy - 648, merchants and honorary citizens - 398, burghers - 12,310, peasants - 108102, military class - 3125, the rest 615. 9 doctors (2 in the city of K.), 15 paramedics, 3 midwives, 1 veterinarian and paramedic. There are 3 pharmacies in the county, one hospital, 3 emergency rooms, one library. In 1892 there were 15 government schools for men and 1 for women; 1 private school. 3 camps, 13 volosts, 3 judicial-magistrate areas. There are 52 Orthodox churches, one Catholic. 12 places; of which there are about 5 thousand inhabitants in Shumyachi. There are 543 total settlements, including 183 individual landowner farmsteads. There are 16,880 total buildings. In 1892, several mounds were excavated; Bronze, copper and iron objects were found. |
|---|
Klimovichi district- an administrative unit of the Mogilev province of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1777 - 1923. The county town is Klimovichi.
- 1. History
- 2 Population
- 2.1 National composition
- 3 Administrative divisions
- 4 Notes
- 5 Links
Story
The district was formed on March 22, 1777 as part of the Mogilev governorship. In 1796, the Mogilev governorship and the Klimovichi district were abolished and included in the Belarusian province. In 1802, the Klimovichi district was restored as part of the Mogilev province.
Since 1919, Klimovichi district became part of the newly created Gomel province of Russia.
In 1923, Klimovichi district was abolished and included in the newly formed Kalinin district.
Population
According to the 1897 census, the population of the county was 143,287 people, including 4,714 people in Klimovichi.
National composition
National composition according to the 1897 census:
- Belarusians - 118,347 people. (82.6%),
- Jews - 15,415 people. (10.8%),
- Russians - 7667 people. (5.4%).
Administrative division
In 1913, there were 13 volosts in the county:
Notes
- 1 2 The first General Census of the Russian Empire in 1897. Mogilev province
- Kokashinskys. Places of residence
- First general census Russian Empire 1897 Population distribution by native language. Klimovichi district
- Volost, stanitsa, village, commune boards and administrations, as well as police stations throughout Russia with the designation of their location. - Kiev: Publishing House of L. M. Fish, 1913.
Links
- Klimovichi // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
- Klimovichi district. List of parishes, settlements
- The main revision tales for the Klimovichi district of the Mogilev province
- Klimovichi district (map of 1790)
- Geographical index
| Districts of the Mogilev province (1802-1919) | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Bykhovsky | Gomel | Goretsky | Klimovichsky| Mogilevsky | Mstislavsky | Orsha | Rogachevsky | Sennensky | Chaussky | Cherikovsky | ||
