Auto-disable (self-locking) syringes are collected in safe, disposable, puncture-resistant containers, which are subject to disinfection by autoclaving or microwave radiation. After disinfection, the container must be disposed of along with all contents.

For temporary storage within an institution, sealed containers or bags with used syringes must be sealed, marked according to the hazard class and placed in a specially equipped room.

To transport waste outside the health facility, special transport with a closed body is used. After the flight it is disinfected and cannot be used for any other purposes.

Safety requirements

When working with hazardous medical waste, personnel must wear special and removable shoes, which are stored separately from everyday clothing. Hands should be protected with rubber gloves. To disassemble and wash reusable containers, you must wear a rubber apron. All requirements for processing, disinfection and disposal of disposable syringes, including dental carpules, are specified in regulatory documents, SanPiN and methodological guidelines.

Eating or smoking in the area where waste is processed is strictly prohibited.

Removal, processing and disposal of waste from hazard classes 1 to 5

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Depending on the hazard class, the medical institution carries out disinfection and sterilization of medical instruments, confirmed by reports and relevant documentation. Already 5 years Russian Federation There are new sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations regarding medical waste, which includes syringes.

According to the document, there are 5 hazard classes of medical waste. Syringes, as equipment in contact with body fluids, belong to class “B” - dangerous in epidemic terms, or to class “B” - especially dangerous if used to treat infections that pose a serious threat to the population.

Requirements for recycling activities

The administration of medical institutions approves instructions according to which the employees responsible for the processing and destruction of used disposable syringes are determined.

The instructions must include:

• The allocation of separate containers for transporting waste of different classes, since mixing them in one container is not allowed.
• Ways to move used syringes to sterilizing devices, places of temporary storage and destruction
• Unloading and loading, use of mechanical equipment - trolleys, electric lifts, conveyors and other machines
• Instructing persons responsible for disinfection and disposal of used syringes.

The instructions are drawn up taking into account the current rules and regulations and are signed by the chief physician of the medical institution.

Scheme for handling used syringes

The scheme for working with recycling material indicates:

• Composition, quality and quantity
• Containers for storage and removal of tools, sealed bags, single-use and reusable containers.
• The procedure for collecting used instruments from treatment rooms, operating rooms and other departments.
• Methods for disinfecting syringes of different hazard classes, their removal and disposal
• The procedure for personnel to act in case of violation of the seal of the packaging and spillage of used instruments, as well as in case of emergency situations– damage to fingers from used needles, etc.
• Regulations for training employees on safety rules when working with materials to be disposed of.

Who can recycle

Medical personnel over 18 years of age are allowed to work with used syringes. All of them are required to undergo routine medical examinations and be vaccinated, in accordance with the procedure for vaccination of medical employees. Persons who have not been immunized against serum hepatitis are not allowed to work on disinfection and transportation of used instruments.

Personnel responsible for the storage and removal of instruments are required to undergo regular training on compliance with safety measures. When working, medical workers must be equipped with special clothing and shoes, which are stored in separate cabinets. Workwear is washed in the laundries of a medical institution; it is unacceptable to take it home.

When working with waste material of class “B”, personnel are required to protect their respiratory organs with masks.

Collection of used tools

Disinfection of medical instruments is applicable for devices that belong to class “B” waste. For this, various methods are used - soaking in disinfectant solutions, sterilization with microwave rays, dry and wet steam. They are then collected into puncture-proof, durable bags. yellow color or equipped with a yellow marking, which corresponds to class “B”. Liter bags contain 20 assembled syringes.

Collection scheme

You can use reusable waterproof containers with a tight-fitting lid for collection. There are containers of 5 and 10 liters, which can hold 100 - 200 used syringes. Containers are filled to three quarters or to the top, covered with a lid and sealed taking into account the color of the corresponding class.

The instrumentation is folded unassembled, or the needles are pre-separated using needle pullers, needle destructors or needle cutters. It is unacceptable to separate them manually. Needles are placed in sealed containers, and syringes in heat-resistant plastic bags.

Tools of hazard class “B” are placed in containers marked in red. It is prohibited to pour devices from one container to another, compact them, or load needles into soft disposable packaging.

In places where disinfection and collection of used syringes is carried out, microbiological control of the quality of processing is carried out at least once a year and air samples are taken for the content of volatile toxins.

Disinfection and all stages of collection and transportation of instruments are subject to documentation. The regulations are prescribed in the adopted SanPiN.

After collection

After collection, used syringes and needles are sent to storage areas, from where they are then transported to a disposal site.

For removal, special vehicles with a closed body are used. According to the export regulations, the vehicle is filled with bags and containers with medical waste and transports them to the disposal site. After the procedure, the car is disinfected.

Disposal of tools

The problem of waste disposal from medical institutions in Russia is very acute. Syringes make up about 2% of all waste to be disposed of. In large cities, hundreds of tons of disposable syringes are produced annually.

Currently, there are two schemes for their destruction in the Russian Federation - liquidation and recycling.

Elimination methods include:

1. Disposal at a landfill that is specially designated for medical solid waste
2. Storage at the landfill after disinfection
3. Combustion in high temperature furnaces
4. Autoclaving

Volume reduction is carried out at landfills solid waste, by crimping method on special installations. The first two methods are acceptable only for syringes and needles belonging to hazard class “B”. Epidemiologically hazardous instruments must be burned.

Burning

Disposal in the form of incineration is carried out in several ways. The most common is using incinerators - special high-temperature furnaces. Despite all their advantages, incinerators are sources of dioxins - carcinogenic substances; they pollute the environment with mercury compounds and neurotoxins that destroy nervous system. Ash from incinerators is also toxic and poses a risk of leaching toxins into aquifers.

A more environmentally friendly way is combustion in a plasma furnace. The principle of its operation allows you to safely destroy syringes and needles. The smoke generated during combustion passes through the slag layer, where it is neutralized and partially dissolved. Then it enters a special chamber, where it undergoes 5-stage purification, and then is released into the atmosphere. The plasma furnace operates on the territory of the capital’s 1st Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital.

Pyrolysis is a two-stage combustion, which involves the preliminary decomposition of waste in an oxygen-free environment and its afterburning in a chamber to safe fractions.

Sterilization

In Russia, units that combine two functions – a chopper and a sterilizer – are gaining popularity. Used disposable syringes of hazard classes “B” and “C” are loaded into such an autoclave. They are crushed and sent to be sterilized with hot steam under high pressure. After the procedure, sterile Class A waste is transported to a landfill and buried.

Disposal methods and disinfection involve the processing of polymer materials into secondary raw materials. The algorithm of actions is quite long. Disassembled instruments are first sent for preliminary cleaning, then they are crushed, washed, dried, granulated and sent to a secondary raw materials plant. The disposal and disinfection method is environmentally friendly - no harmful substances are formed during the processing process and it is economically feasible. Today it is being improved to become widespread. The biggest disadvantage of the recycling method is the need for sorting, since the body, piston and needle holder are made of different types of plastic polymers.

Today, scientists around the world are busy with the problem of creating biodegradable polymers. After disinfection, such syringes will decompose in solid waste landfills to safe fractions. As for the instruments currently in use, it is necessary to be guided by the requirement for disinfection, destruction and disposal of syringes and other items.

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Medical gloves as a means of ensuring infection safety

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Chlamydial infection in obstetrics and gynecology

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Dysbacteriosis in children

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Disinfection of syringes and needles according to sanitary standards is carried out in heat-resistant plastic bags and puncture-proof special containers using microwave radiation or autoclaving. When autoclaving, medical waste is treated with steam at 121°C for half an hour. The quality of disinfection is controlled by biological or litmus indicators.

To ensure that the syringes and needles that melt during the autoclaving process are completely destroyed, their remains are placed in a mill or crusher.

Microwave irradiation of medical waste is the most reliable and universal method of disinfection. It is less energy-consuming, its control system is automated, and environment not exposed to environmental hazard. Syringes and needles are treated with microwave radiation for an hour, after which they are crushed, compressed and disposed of without the formation of toxic gases, smoke or other waste.

Disposal of syringes and needles

Dispose of auto-disable syringes and disposable injection needles safely and conveniently using a waterproof, puncture-proof container. It is placed on a stable surface and treated medical waste is lowered inside, filling the container to ¾ of its volume (or completely). After the container is completely filled, the container is hermetically sealed with a lid, a seal is applied with markings corresponding to the waste class, and it is moved to a temporary storage room that is closed to unauthorized persons. The containers are then disinfected and destroyed.

One liter safety container can hold twenty syringes and needles, while a five to ten liter container can hold one hundred to two hundred syringes and needles.

In addition to safe containers, a separation method is also used - with a special needle cutter, needles are removed from used syringes and placed in a sealed container, which is integrated into the needle cutter. The syringes themselves are placed in heat-resistant plastic bags, which, together with the containers, are transported by special transport with a closed body, and then disposed of. After disposal, the transport is disinfected. When collecting, processing, packaging and disposing of waste, medical workers must wear special clothing and rubber gloves, and also comply with all sanitary standards and safety rules.