Skydiving is popular in modern world... Some people are professionally involved in this sport, for others skydiving is a way to tickle the nerves and get a dose of adrenaline. Has anyone wondered how many lines a parachute has?
What is a parachute?
The parachute is an ingenious and simple invention of the engineer from St. Petersburg Kotelnikov Gleb Evgenievich. He was the first to create a knapsack device, received a patent for his invention in one thousand nine hundred and twelve.
A parachute is a hemisphere made of fabric, to which a load or a harness is attached by slings. It is designed to slow down and soften falls from a height. Used for the safe landing of a person or cargo, it has several varieties.
How many lines do parachutes have?
This is, of course, a very interesting question. There are several types of parachutes, all of them with a different number of lines. There is a main parachute and a reserve, landing, army and cargo parachute. There are main and additional slings, all of them are made of high-quality durable fiber, withstand a load (each) of up to two hundred kilograms. To answer the question of how many lines a parachute has, you need to consider each instance separately.
Army parachute
The armed forces have used the same series of parachutes for many years. From the sixties to the present day, these are the D-5 and D-6 parachutes. They differ in size, weight and number of lines.
How many lines does the D-5 military parachute have? There are twenty-eight of them, nine meters each. The parachute itself has the shape of a canopy, there is no way to control it. Land with him as and where you are lucky. This is the only, but serious disadvantage of this series.
Then the D-6 parachute was released. It has thirty lines. Twenty-eight are normal, and two are for dome control. They are located in the side cuts of the parachute. By tightening these lines, you can turn and deploy the canopy in the desired direction. This is very useful quality if the landing takes place not on a training ground, but in mountainous conditions, forests or in a place where there are water bodies.
Paratrooper parachute
In order for the paratroopers to feel calm during the jump, they are provided with D-10 series parachutes. This is an improved version of the D-6. It has the shape of a squash, the size of the dome is one hundred square meters! This parachute can be easily controlled even by a novice parachutist. Ease of control depends on how many lines there are in the landing parachute: the more there are, the easier it is to control.
D-10 has twenty-six main lines: twenty-two four-meter lines and two seven-meter lines, attached to the loops in the slots of the dome. There are also twenty-two additional slings located on the outside, their length is three meters, made of a durable ShKP-150 cord.
There are also twenty-four additional inner lines. They are attached to additional slings. Two additional are attached to the second and fourteenth at once. This is the answer to the question of how many lines are in an airborne parachute. The D-10 is considered one of the safest parachutes in history.
Why do you need a reserve parachute?
The reserve parachute must be kept by the parachutist when jumping. It is intended for emergency deployment when the main one does not open or if it is twisted. In such a situation, it doesn't matter whether the canopy is controlled or not, how many lines the parachutes have - none of the additional lines will help. Of course, an experienced skydiver will try to spread the main one first, which will waste extra time. If it was not possible to straighten, then the reserve parachute will save the situation. It opens quickly and easily.
To learn how to use a spare tire, you don't need to go through a lot of trainings, even a child can cope with this task.
How many lines does the reserve parachute have? Typically, these parachutes are the same for all major types. These are series 3 and 4. The slings in the spare are arranged in four groups. Each has six lines. In total, we get twenty-four. Of course, a reserve parachute is not designed for control, its main task is to quickly open up and save a person's life.
What you need to know when doing a parachute jump for the first time?
If you are not in and skydiving is just a dream, and not a military duty, then it is worth looking at the training courses first. Even if it is decided to jump with an instructor in tandem, training is necessary in order not to harm either yourself or the instructor. He is already scared to jump with a person, and even answer for someone's life. Such courses cost from three thousand rubles - it depends on the company providing these services.
Before going to the club, take care of obtaining a medical certificate: a heart attack during a jump is a serious and dangerous thing. And it can happen, because when you jump into the abyss, so much adrenaline is splashed out that it will be enough for a year. And the fear of a jump can also lead to sad consequences if the heart is naughty. The pressure should also be the same as when entering the space forces. If there is excess weight, then it is also worth consulting with your doctor whether or not to jump.
If you are under the age of eighteen, written permission from your parents to make the jump will come in handy. Do not forget to warn them what you are going to do, without their written consent the instructor will not let you a kilometer to the parachute. People with mental disorders, after recent surgeries, with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, with a disease of the respiratory tract are not allowed to jump.
If your weight is more than one hundred and twenty kilograms, then you will be denied a tandem jump. Weight less than forty-five kilograms is a contraindication for a single jump. Pregnant women are also not allowed. First, calmly carry the child, do not hide your position from the instructor in order to make the jump.
Skydiving is the dream of many. Never drink alcohol in front of him. It is clear that the joy is off scale, but it is better to celebrate this event after the event, especially since you will not be allowed to jump with the smell of alcohol. And if you decide to drink so that it is not scary, then it is better to refrain from this venture altogether. And good luck to all those who have passed the medical examination!
- "Of the five thousand residents of Rostov celebrating the Airborne Forces Day, only one and a half thousand actually served in the airborne troops"
Today is the day of the Airborne Forces!
Day of the Airborne Troops!
Day of the Paratroopers or "Troopers"!
Of course, every year, the "Landings" are becoming quieter. Grandiose fights and showdowns with the "Watermelon" mafia in the markets are slowly becoming a thing of the past. Still, our country is becoming more and more tough to all lawlessness on the one hand, on the other hand, we are at war in some parts of the ball. And it has long been noticed that the Army of the country is leading real fighting, less people bathes in fountains and goes to protest rallies.
Therefore, the question of how to distinguish a real paratrooper from the one who simply puts on a vest and takes it, or maybe having made a “Throwing out” tattoo, is always relevant, thumps in a fountain and tells army tales.
By the way, this is how Muscovites differ. Anyone who served in the Airborne Forces knows that among those called up from Moscow, rotten soldiers are more common ...
Of course not all of them, there are many excellent fighters among the guys from Moscow. I myself had a "druzhban" from the Capital in the army.
But in all honesty, everyone knows that among the inhabitants of Moscow there are "not quite good comrades", more than from the outskirts of the country ...
We had a "Muscovite" in our company, the only communist among the soldiers. By the way, he was sent to the army after the "ball" (ball or fumble another slang expression in the army and the Airborne Forces) in civilian life. He was the released secretary of the Komsomol, I don't remember where. There was a respite, but it flew in and was sent to serve in elite troops... I'm sure he bathes in a fountain and thumps in a beret and vest.
But for one real paratrooper there are several fake ones. So let's start learning to identify the cheater. I will give below a few questions and some detailed answers to these questions.
Knowing the answers to these questions, you can identify a fake "Landing"!
1. Where did you serve?
The answer to the Airborne Forces or the DShB does not roll, as does the DMB (this is a demobilization!). As well as a place of service, such as Pskov, Ryazan, and so on. Maybe he heard enough of the army tales of his older brother or neighbor. By the way, in addition, in the military town of the airborne unit there may even be construction battalions. For example, in Pskov. If anyone remembers, the soldiers from the construction battalion went to the photographer and took a photo in the “demobilization parade with axels” and in a blue beret. They sent me home and boldly told me that they were serving in the Airborne Forces. Of course they did it in secret. The landing forces were not very fond of the construction battalion. In Pskov, there was a garrison lip (howbahta), this is a place where soldiers and officers are kept for minor and major violations of military discipline. The lip was guarded by the guard of the Pskov division
2. Part number?
Each military unit has a number. The unit number is hammered into the soldier's head. As well as the number of the machine and the military ID. I served almost 30 years ago and still remember.
3. What kind of VUS?
VUS, this military specialty is written on the Military ID. If such a Trooper, his soldier shows you, then looking at his VUS, you will understand who he really is. “Military registration specialty (VUS) - an indication of the military specialty of an active or in reserve serviceman of the Russian Armed Forces and other troops and formations. Information about the VUS is entered into the military ID. All VUS are subdivided into groups, the designation VUS itself is a multi-digit number (for example, VUS-250400).
Possible list of military specialties
Apparently, there are no open sources containing the decryption of the codes of all the currently operating VUS: the VUS catalog is a document of the Russian Ministry of Defense with a secret level of secrecy.
The first three digits of the VUS of warrant officers, sergeants, foremen and soldiers indicate specialization (VUS code), for example:
100 - rifle
101 - snipers
102 - grenade launcher
106 - military intelligence
107 - units and subdivisions of special forces
122 - BMD
461 - HF radio stations
998 - not having military training fit for military service
999 - the same, only with limited serviceability, etc.
The next three numbers indicate the position (position code):
97 - Xena
182 - KO
259 - MV
001 - accumulator, etc.
The letter at the end indicates "special features of service":
A - not having such
B - missile weapons specialists
D - Airborne Forces
K - crew of surface ships
M - MP
P - V.v.
R - PV (FPS)
C - Ministry of Emergency Situations (?)
T - building parts and subdivisions
F - SPN, etc.
E - Flight personnel for warrant officers, sergeants, soldiers
4. How many times did you jump? Usually you will hear mind-boggling numbers 30-40-50, and maybe 100 jumps. “The annual norm for a conscript soldier is 12 jumps, 6 in each training period. In general, parachute training is a prerequisite for service in the Airborne Forces. Everyone is landing - from general to private ”- interview to Shamanov. Who does not know, Vladimir Shamanov Commander of the Airborne Forces and Colonel General. Even in the USSR, jumping more than 20 times for military service was problematic. Because the soldier stood on guard (this is when a man with a gun guards "Lip", warehouses and parks with equipment), went to the outfits in the park (where the equipment is located), finally to the outfit in the dining room (where he peeled potatoes, laid the table and washed the dishes), stood "on the bedside table" (company outfit), and so on ... In the army, self-service, the soldier did everything himself and to make the jump, no one freed him. Of course, there were sports companies in the army. These are free units, where the soldiers mainly train and play for the unit. For example, where I served, there was a "squadron". Conscripts are sports paratroopers who were engaged only in jumping and performing at competitions. But this is a separate caste, they even wore a peculiar uniform, officer's greatcoats and conscripts' shoulder straps. The rudiments of a contract army. I am not talking about contract sergeants and warrant officers. They were already professional soldiers back then. But an ordinary paratrooper did not jump very much. As it is now. Only "for demobilization" could they buy a "nausea" (a parachutist's badge in the form of a dome with a suspension in the form of numbers according to the number of jumps) with a large number of jumps.
5. Did you jump in combat? Many fake paratroopers do not know that the Airborne Forces and special forces in every possible way, you can jump in several versions.
Here are the simplest ones:
Without weapons and RD (Paratrooper Backpack)
With taxiway and weapons in transport position. Automatic, SVD and even RPG, in a special transport case, "bolted" behind the back of a dashing assault force.
With RD and GK (Cargo Container)
With weapons "in combat", on the chest under the chest bridge of the harness. Allows you to fire when descending by parachute, directly from heaven.
Then there are night, forest, water, high-altitude and so on. Only inside the vehicle no one jumps, although this option has been worked out for the war. The son of the legendary founder of the Airborne Forces Vasily Margelov, Alexander Margelov, back in 1973, made a parachute jump inside the BMD-1. For this feat he was awarded the title of Hero of Russia, 20 years later ... Since then, more than 110 people have jumped inside the equipment, but these are testers. An ordinary paratrooper who will tell you about this is just pi ....!
6. Did you jump with the ISS? For reference, the ISS is a Multi-Dome System for the landing of equipment, such as the ISS-5-760. A man just can't jump with this crap. But I met Landings who claimed that they jumped with her ... In the Airborne Forces they jump mainly with parachutes: D-1-8 is the oldest parachute, created back in 1959. This parachute has the main advantage, the cover of the canopy clings through the lengthening halyard to an airplane or helicopter. The paratrooper doesn't even have a ring. They brought me to the hatch, gave a kick in the ass. Then everything works automatically without any devices. This is the perfect parachute for your first jump. 300% guarantee, the main thing is not to twist the lines when laying. D-1-5U is the oldest guided parachute. D-6 and all its modifications. You have seen this dome in most of the Airborne Forces movies. The paratroopers fly for a while on a stabilizing small canopy. The same canopy pulls out the main canopy of the parachute, if you pull the ring or when a safety device of the PPK-U type is triggered. PPK-U - Semi-automatic Parachute Combined Unified (device) - designed to open the parachute knapsack (after a certain period of time at a certain height). Now they plan to supply the D-10 to the troops. PSN - Parachute Special Purpose... I jumped from PSN-71, it is more controllable. It has rolls for better handling (which we were forbidden to unlock) and locks on the harness. Upon landing, you can immediately unfasten the canopy. For example, in the wind, when jumping into water or in battle. Created for the Special Forces of the GRU and the reconnaissance company of the Airborne Forces. Software - Planning Shell. These are the same rectangular "wings" or "mattresses" on which all athletes are jumping now. From PO-9, the times of the USSR, to modern PO-16, PO-17 and the famous "Crossbows". The conscript has never jumped with such domes!
7. And finally, what is "Razor - smile"? Or did you shave with a smile? This is a flexible hairpin from the same PPK-U device. In the Airborne Forces and civilian parachutists, the most fashionable keychain and souvenir. On the neck, on the keys, and so on. The hairpin, when unbending, specifically clings to the hairs, no worse than an epilator. In the army it is used as a punishment for careless soldiers, and just "for fun." Airborne humor, I shaved with a smile. Have you shaved with a smile? Understood only by the paratroopers.
In principle, there is still a lot of information that only those who served in the Airborne Forces can know. But I think that what I have written is enough to identify the fake paratroopers who dishonor the glorious name of Uncle Vasya's Troops. Vasily Margelov is the founder of the Airborne Forces and the father of all paratroopers!
Happy Airborne Forces Day to all real paratroopers!
Nobody except us!
I work as a fitness instructor. I have professional education and 25 years of coaching experience. I help people lose weight or gain muscle mass while maintaining their health. I conduct trainings via the Internet or in the Mamba fitness club in the city of Rostov-on-Don.
The main indicator that limits the height for making a parachute jump can be called a vehicle aircraft.
No one aircraft that transports people, is not able to rise above 26 thousand meters. And even at this altitude, the aircraft flies at too high a speed for a person to jump out of the plane.
However, spaceships are able to climb much higher, but their movement in space is even faster, so a paratrooper with a parachute will need a heat-resistant suit to survive, leaving the limits of the spacecraft.
There is only one aircraft that allows people to be transported, besides the aircraft and the spacecraft, the balloon. The highest mark that this aircraft can climb is 34.668 meters. This is an absolute record demonstrated by the officers of the United States Navy, Victor Prater and Malcolm Ross, at the time when they moved from the Antietam to Mexico, and this was on May 4, 1961. But they did not jump.
The man's parachute jump from the highest point was made by Joseph Kittinger of the United States Air Force. He made such a result from a balloon, which on August 16, 1960, rose to a height of 31 thousand 333 meters. Joseph was in a state of free fall for four minutes and 36 seconds, developing an average speed of 1 thousand 150 kilometers per hour. The parachute was deployed at around five and a half thousand meters.
Parachute Jumping Standards for Paratroopers
For a parachute jump, you can call a safe height from 400 meters to 4 kilometers.
If we talk about the maximum permissible lowest altitude, the paratroopers consider the height less than fifty meters "bordering on suicide." Back in 2003, professional stuntman Harry Connery made a parachute jump from the monument to Nelson's Column (from a height of 51.5 meters), which is located in Trafalgar Square.
A large number of times, paratroopers parachuted from the top of the statue of Christ the Savior, located in Rio de Janeiro, jumped from St. Paul's Cathedral, which is in London, and the height of these monuments is slightly more than 100 meters.
A little earlier, in October of the year before last, a paratrooper jump was made from the most significant height - 135,890 feet (over 40 thousand meters), which was made by the vice-head of Google Alan Eustace. He was able to beat the previous planet record of 127,852.4 feet (38,969.4 meters), which was set by a parachutist from Australia in 2012, Felix Baumgartner. In two cases, the parachutists were dressed in a spacesuit specially designed for them.
In a standard setting, a parachute jump is performed from a height of 4 thousand 200 meters. Above the accepted level, the risk of oxygen starvation increases. In addition, when jumping from a height that is more established, a dense flow of oncoming air can reflect some problems for the parachutist.
In the lower atmospheric layers, the speed of a paratrooper falling during a long jump increases only at the moment of the first ten seconds (over the first hundred meters). Resistance air mass increases with increasing speed so significantly that very soon the moment comes when the speed does not change anymore. The movement from acceleration turns into a uniform one.
When falling through the upper, more rarefied atmospheric layers, the person will fly faster than the final speed when falling in the lower layers, when the paratrooper meets them and the resistance reaches its peak. In essence, a person is confronted with the atmosphere. At the time of the parachute jump in 1960, Kittinger described this force as shocking: at an altitude of 23 thousand meters, it showed 1.2 g (g is the overload value).
A fall from 75 thousand meters would have made a huge impact of 3 g at an altitude of 31 thousand meters, which would last over 20 seconds. After that, the jump would not be something remarkable. Paratroopers entering the lower atmospheric layers will not feel any problems from overloading over 3 g if their bodies are positioned across the air stream to continue their time in the atmosphere, but they will be significantly hot.
Kittinger was wearing a special suit, the purpose of which was to protect him from understated pressure in the stratosphere. But the hardest thing in such jumps is to maintain the position of stability in the process of free fall. In addition, Kittinger's equipment included a small stabilizing parachute, but it was not useful to him. Due to malfunctions, the parachute could not open, and the parachutist was brought into a tailspin. Kittinger was spinning very quickly, about 120 rpm, and the overload level was 22 g. At the time of such overloads, the stuntman lost consciousness. The main parachute was able to deploy thanks to a special automatic deployment device.
One of the highest jumps in the sky was planned to be part of Project Moose. This was considered a development by the United States of America, which began in the early 1960s, and its object was a program that would allow an astronaut to parachute into low orbit of our planet directly from a spacecraft. It was assumed that an astronaut with equipment would put a parachute on his chest, and a folded plastic bag on his back. A pressurized balloon must expand the bag and fill it with polyurethane foam, which creates a heat shield. The astronaut leaves orbit, after which he begins to fall. Protected from high temperature screen, he waits until it reaches the lower atmospheric layers, after which the parachute opens and the screen is removed.
The work done by the General Electric organization demonstrated that the idea, although very good at first glance, was not impracticable. A sample of heat resistant shield has been created and foam samples have been sent to spaceship... However, neither NASA nor Air Force did not pay much attention to this undertaking.
