From other African tribes of pygmy differ in their growth, which ranges from 143 to 150 centimeters. The reason for such a small growth of Pygmeys is still a mystery for scientists, although some researchers believe that their growth is due to adaptability to difficult living conditions in the rainforest.
Pygmeys sold in zoos!
The origin of Pygmeyev remains for scientists in the mystery. No one knows who their distant ancestors were and how these little people were in equatorial forests Africa. There are no legends nor myths helping to answer these questions. There is an assumption that in the old days of Pygmy occupied the entire central part of the black continent, and later they were ousted by other tribes in tropical forests. From Greek Pigmea translates as "people with a fist", the scientific definition treats pygmen as a group of low-minded non-erase peoples in the forests of Africa.
Pygmeni is mentioned in the ancient Egyptian sources of the III Millennium BC. E., Later, Herodotus and Strabo wrote about them, Homer in their "Iliade". Aristotle considered Pygmeys with a very real people, although in ancient sources they were written quite a few fantastic: for example, Strabo listed them together with Bolshaphelov, Umanless, Cyclops, Psoblovans and others mythical creatures Ancient period.
It is worth noting that due to its growth, there are many disasters and humiliations from a long time. More increasing Africans kicked them out of the most favorable places and drove into green hell equatorial forests. A little joy brought them a civilization, especially at the beginning of contact with white people. Some travelers and colonial officials captivated pygmeys and how the wonder took care of Europe and the United States. Reached the point that Pygmeni, especially their children, in late XIX. - The beginning of the 20th century was sold as living exhibits, in the Zoo of the West ...
It would seem that now this folk can live much calmer and more confident in their future, but, alas, it is not. It is difficult to believe in it, but in the period 1998-2003 during civil War In the Congo, it was quite often happened that Pygmeys were caught and ate, like wild animals. In the same areas, the sect of the "Washing", whose members are hired to stripping the territory from Pygmeys, if it is expected to mining minerals. The sectarians kill pygmeys and feed them on the flesh. Education has not yet penetrated deep layers of the African population, so many inhabitants of the black continent believe that, eating pigment, they acquire some magical strength that protects them from witchcraft.
The existence of a considerable number of peculiar slaves of pigments will also seem incredible, although slavery is prohibited in all countries. Slaves of Pygmy are becoming in the same Republic of the Congo, and even transferred by inheritance, according to the existing traditions of their hosts here are representatives of the people of the Bantu. No, the pigments do not go in the chalks, but their owner can simply take the fruit and meat from slaves and the meat mined in the forest, sometimes he still highlights them some provisions, tools and metal for arrows. A strikingly, but no uprisings against Pygmy's slave owners are not satisfied: as some researchers say, without supporting relationships with a bow, they can only become worse,
Why are they so small?
The growth of pygmeys ranges from 140 to 150 cm. The most small people in the world are considered to be the epfe tribe, in which the average height of men does not exceed 143 cm, and in women - 130-132 cm. Of course, as soon as scientists learned about the existence of Pygmeni, they have Immediately there was a question - what is the reason for their so insignificant growth? If the pigments of small growth were only a small part in their tribe, their miniature could be explained by the genetic failure. However, due to the magnetic low growth, such an explanation immediately had to discard.
Another explanation seemed to lie directly on the surface - there are no full-fledged nutrition in Pygmeys, and they are often undernourished, which is reflected in their growth. The study showed that the diet of African pigments was almost the same with the farmers adjacent to them (the same Bantia), but they are very small, the daily volume of the absorbed food. It is not excluded that that is why their bodies, and accordingly, growth, decreased from generation to generation. It is clear that a small person to survive enough and smaller food. An even curious experiment was conducted: a long time a small group of Pygmeni was fed to the dump, but, alas, neither the pygmy themselves nor their offspring because of this did not have grown.
There is also a version of the effect on the growth of pigments deficiency sunlight. Conducting a whole life under a canopy of a thick forest, pygmy does not receive a sufficient amount of sunlight, which leads to a slightly generation of vitamin D by the body. The lack of this vitamin causes braking of the growth of bone tissue, so it turns out to have a very miniature skeleton.
Some researchers believe that the miniature of pygmen is caused by an evolutionary process that adapts them to life in thick thickets. It is clear that the small and urthoma pigmy is much easier to wade through the frequency of trees, fallen trunks, excreted by Lianov than the rust of Europeans. It is also known about the addictions of pygmeys to picking up honey. Waning up honey, pygmy men approximately 9% of life spend on trees in search of wild bees habitats. Of course, climb trees is easier for a person with a little growth and weight up to 45 kilograms.
Of course, Pygmeys carefully investigated physicians and genetics, they found that the concentration of growth hormone in their blood is not particularly different from average indicators ordinary person. However, the level of insulin-like growth factor was lower than the norm 3 times. According to researchers, it explains the small growth of newborn pygmen. In addition, the low concentration of this hormone in the blood plasma prevents the occurrence of a period of active growth in adolescent-pygmies, which already aged 12-15 years old completely cease to grow. By the way, genetic studies have allowed to call Pygmes descendants ancient peoplethat appeared on earth about 70 thousand years ago. But the genetic mutations did not reveal scientists.
The small growth of pygmen explains the short duration of their lives. Alas, these little people live on average from 16 to 24 years, which have reached 35-40 years old among them are already long-livers. Due to a small life cycle Pygmeys occurs early puberty, causing braking of body growth. Polytheyev's sexual maturity occurs in 12 years, and the greatest fertility in women is celebrated in 15.
As you can see, there are quite a few factors that contribute to a small growth of pygmen. Perhaps the main thing is one of them, and maybe all in the aggregate. Yes, due to low growth, some scientists are even ready to highlight pygmen in a separate race. It is curious that in addition to the growth of Pygmeys, there are other differences from the Negroid race - this is a bright skin of a brown shade and very thin lips.
"Liliputs" from rainforest
Now the Pygmeyev tribes can be found in the forests of Gabon, Cameroon, Congo, Rwanda, Central African Republic. The life of these little people is constantly connected with the forest, they spend in it the main part of their lives, make themselves food, give birth to children and die. They are not engaged in agriculture, their main classes are gathering and hunting. Pygmy lead a nomadic lifestyle, they leave their parking, as soon as there are neither game, no fruits, no edible plants, nor honey around the camp. The resettlement occurs within the limits established with other groups of borders, the hunt for someone else's land can be a reason for the conflict.
There is another reason for resettlement. It happens if someone dies in a small village of Pygmeys. Pygmies are very superstitious, they believe that once they visited death, it means that the forest does not want them to continue to live in this place. The deadman be buried right in his hut, at night there are memorial dances, and in the morning, throwing their simple buildings, pigmeas are moving to another place.
The main occupation of pygmyyev men is hunting. Unlike "civilized" hunters who come to Africa to fumble their prubium and get hunting trophies, pygmes never kill a living being, if there is no need for this. They hunt with bows with poisoned floral poison boots and copies with metal tips. Their prey is birds, monkeys, small antelopes and deer. Pygmeni does not stock up the meat, prey they are always divided by justice. Despite the usual successfulness of low-voltage hunters, the extracted meat is only 9% of their diet. By the way, Pygmes are often hunting with dogs, they have very hardy and, if you need, ready to protect the owner from the most ferocious beast.
A significant proportion in the diet of pygmeys is honey and other forest gifts. Honey mining men, ready to climb him on the most tall treesBut the gifts of the forest collect women. Around the camp they are looking for fruits, wild root roots, edible plants, do not disperse worms, larvae, snails, frogs and snakes. All this goes to food. However, at least 50% of the diet of pygmeys make up vegetables and fruits that they swap in farmers on honey and other forest gifts. In addition to food by sharing Pygmy, they get the necessary tissues, pottery, iron and tobacco.
A part of women producing peculiar matter from wood bark under the name "Tana" remains in the village daily in the village, it is from the famous Pygmeyev's Frontards. In men, such an apron is attached to a leather or fur belt, they are bung in leaves. But women wear alone. However, already emerged sedentary pygmen are often European clothing. Civilization slowly, but persistently penetrates the life and life of pygmeys, their culture and traditions, perhaps in a few decades will go into the past.
Dwarf and giantism - the opposites of the world of people who attract attention. In Africa, there are except 190 cm giants, the smallest people in the world. And this is not just a failure in genetics - there is a whole set of factors, to learn about which everything will be interested.
The smallest people in Africa are called Pygmy or Negrilli. Translated from the Greek "People, the size of a fist." Their growth ranges from 124 to 150 cm (and the dwarf is considered to be an increase below 147 cm).
Pigmeys are well adapted to life in wet tropical forests - They can easily move in impassive wilds, organisms are better cooled in a hot climate and calories for food, it is necessary much less.
In the continent there is a fairly large community of pygmen (about 280 thousand people), common in the Equatorial forests of Central Africa in the territory of 5 states. They are conventionally divided into Western and Eastern.
Pygmeys can be found on all continents: in the Philippines, Brazil, Australia, Bolivia, Indonesia, on Fiji Islands and Aydamansky. In addition to the tropical forests, the smallest people in the world live in other places (for example, African figmeys are in the desert).
Pygmy in history
The first mention of pigments are found among the ancient Greeks (III thousand BC) and the Egyptians (II thousand BC). And Officially, the world met with pigments after independent travels in Africa Germans, Schweinfurt and Russian V. Yunkener in the 1870s.
In the 60s of the twentieth century Belgian researcher J.P. Alley lived in one of the Pigmean communities, Efa. He removed about the aborigines of 2 documentary films and founded the charity foundation. Now this organization has real help This nationality in the Congo, providing their land for agriculture.
Genetics, Anthropology of Pygmeev
Many researchers allocate pigments in a special race. Men are considered to be giants in the middle and a half meters, and the average growth of women fluctuates around 133 cm. African pigments have light brown skin, a small head with a wide forehead and a nose, black and curly hair, as well as thin lips.
Interestingly, it is close to the pygmes the closest Negritos, inhabiting South and Southeast Asia, as well as the islands of Melanesia and the North of Australia. But genetically differences are pretty great.
Pygmyev still has an Neanderthal gene (up to 0.7%). These ancestors of a person lived from 600 to 350 thousand years ago, and at a modern man, this gene mutated and practically does not occur.
Hypothesis of origin
Causes of small growth
- Hormones
It is not surprising, but the growth hormone in Pygmeev's pituitary glands also distinguishes as ordinary people. But the acceleration of growth in Africans is not, since the secretion of hormones in the pubertal period is not at the proper level.
Already in childhood, strong differences are visible between the same Europeans and pigments. Five-year-old pigment for growth is the same as the 2-year-old European. A B. adolescence (12-15 years old), Pygmeni simply cease to grow.
- Malnutrition
Pigmeys are not only small, but also extremely subtitle. Their nutrition largely depends on luck. For example, the Pygmeyev tribes in the Philippines is considered the most thinness of all human populations. Pediatric mortality in this tribe is half of the entire birth rate.
Therefore, to survive, the size of pygmeys decreased from generation to generation.
- Accommodation near Equator
Tropics are characterized by hot and wet climat. In such conditions (if there is also a forest), the body will be sure to overheat. Usually people sweat and thus can avoid a thermal impact.
But with high humidity, it simply will simply fail. Pygmy managed to reduce muscle mass and, thus, to establish thermoregulation.
- Sun deficiency
Thick tropical forests prevent sufficient penetration of sunlight (and the formation of vitamin D). Therefore, the skeleton of pigmeys is less - it is not sufficiently absorbed by calcium and the growth of bone growth occurs.
- Lifestyle
One of the main activities of Aboriginal in Africa is a collection of honey. Pigmeys have been engaged in this for several millennia, therefore evolved in small and deft people, weighing up to 45 kg, who can vertically climb on the branches that weathered their weight. In the pygmeys of the Batvian tribe, even the feet can bend at an angle of 45 degrees, although ordinary people have only 18.
Pygmy managed to even enter the bees in a kind of symbiosis. Bees almost do not bite people, and the latter practically do not react to minor bites. But it is worth it to appear with a white man and stand a little - there will be no mercy.
- Small century
Unfortunately, the smallest people in the world live very little. Their average life expectancy is only 24 years old, and 40-year-old are already considered asta. Survive pygmen only due to frequent change of generations.
Paul ripening occurs in them very early, simultaneously with growth inhibition. Men begin to multiply from 12 years old, and fertility peak in women falls on 15.
Pygmy in the modern world
Modern African pigments live in forests, getting everything necessary with hunting and gathering. Kill animals with bow and arrows.
At the same time, until recently, they did not know how to extract the fire (transferred it when the parking lot was changed) and did not make it the tools of labor (they change them from neighboring tribes).
A large food segment (up to 30%) occupies the gathering of fruits and honey. And the rest of the food and things (metal, tobacco, clothing, dishes) of pygmy will switch from a number of living farmers on honey and other forest provision.
Pigmeys are constantly wound. This is due to custom - when a member of the tribe dies, he is left in that hut, where he lived. At the same time, the entire community moves to a new place.
Pygmies are very well versed in medicinal plants. Therefore, no one better makes them a medicinal or poisonous mixture. Even the bulk of the pygmeyev dictionary consists of such words.
An interesting way of pygmy caught fish. They make poison, thanks to which all the fish in the reservoir will pop up the top of the belly. But through time, the poison loses its strength and the fish can be eaten.
Slavery and cannibalism
It turns out that there is still slavery in the Republic of the Congo. The neighboring tribe, a bow, has in his families, Pigmeyev slaves and transfers them by inheritance.
Pygmy mined for their owners food in the forest in exchange for goods required for survival. In fairness it is worth noting that slaves may well consist in the service of several farmers.
And in the province of Northern Kivu, there is still a belief that, by entering the flesh of pygmy, you can get magical power.
Video
Pigmey is a representative of one of the nationalities living in the Equatorial forests of Africa. This is the word of Greek origin and means "a man with a fist". This name is quite substantiated if you consider the average growth of representatives of these tribes. Find out who are such pygmen in Africa and what they differ from the other roast continent.
Who are these pygmy?
These tribes live in Africa, next to Occa and Ituri. In total, Pygmeys are about 80 thousand, half of which lives off the coast of the ITURY River. The growth of representatives of these tribes varies from 140 to 150 cm. Their skin color is somewhat narped for Africans, because they have a little lighter, golden brown. Pygmyev even has its own national clothing. So, men wear a fur or leather belt with a small apron made from wood, in front, and behind the back - a small bundle of leaves. Women were lucky less, often they only have an alerts.
At home
The buildings in which representatives of this people live are made from rods and leaves, fastening all clay. Oddly enough, the construction and repair of the hut here is the concern of women. The man, who conceived the construction of a new house, should go to the elder for the resolution. If the elder agrees, he transfers to his visitor to the city of Lombikari - a bamboo stick with a peg at the end. It is with the help of this device that the borders of the future dwelling will be outlined. This is engaged in a man, all the other concerns on construction lie on the shoulders of a woman.
Life style
A typical Pigmey is a forest nomad that is not lingering in one place for a long time. Representatives of these tribes live in one place no more than a year while there is a game around their villages. When nonpougalian animals end, nomads are filmed in search of a new dwelling. There is another reason why people often go to a new place. Any Pigmey is an extremely superstitious person. Therefore, all the tribe, if one me died, migrates, believing that the forest does not want someone to live on this place. The deadman bury in his hut, commemorate, and the next morning, all the settlement goes deep into the forest to build a new village.
Prey
Feed Pigmes by giving them a forest. Therefore, early in the morning, the women of the tribe go there to replenish stocks. On the way, they collect all edible, starting with berries and ending with the caterpillars so that every single-bill point-Pigmey was full. This is a well-established tradition, according to which a woman is the main minider in the family.
Outcome
Pigmeys got used to the traditions of their lives that were installed in centuries. Despite the fact that the government of the state is trying to train their more civilized life, the processing of land and a settled existence, they continue to remain far from this. Pygmeni, the photos with which many researchers are doing studying their customs refuse any innovation in their everyday life and continue to deal with the ancestors for many centuries.
And etc.; Previously presumably pygmy languages
Traditional beliefs
Negrille Type of a Big Needo Race
Pygmy (Greek. Πυγμαῖοι
- "People with a fist") - a group of low-minded nerosoid peoples living in the Equatorial forests of Africa. Another name is African Pygmeys - Negrilli.
Certificate
Mentioned already in the ancient Egyptian inscriptions of the 3rd thousand to n. e., at a later time - in ancient Greek sources (in Iliad, Homer, Herodotus and Strabo).
Pygmy in mythology
Physical type
In the east of the efp and Suo peoples living, small children are originally born - the growth limiter is included during the intrauterine development. At the tank, children are born normally, but in the first two years of life, the children of the tank grow markedly more than Europeans.
Occupation
Pygmy - residents of forests, forest for them - the source of all necessary for life. The main classes are hunting and gathering. Pigmeys do not make stone tools of labor, previously not cleaned the mines (the source of the fire was transferred with them). Hunting tool - bow with arrow with metal tips, and these tips are often poisoned. Iron change from neighbors.
Language
Pygmy usually speak in the languages \u200b\u200bof their peoples around them - Efa, Asoua, Bambouti, etc. In dialects of Pygmeys there are some phonetic differences, but with the exception of the people of the tank, pygmy lost their native languages.
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Notes
Literature
- Patna E. Eight years among Pygmeys / Ann Patna; With preface. and ed. B. I. Sharevskaya; Artist B. A. Diodorre. - m.: Eastern Literature Publishing, 1961. - 184 p. - (Traveling through the countries of the East). - 75,000 copies. (region)
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Pigmery
"Dr ... or a fool! ..." he said."And that is not! I also needed it, "he thought about the little princess, which was not in the dining room.
- And the princess where? - he asked. - Hiding? ...
"She's not quite healthy," smiling having fun, said M LL Bourienne, "she will not come out. It is so understandable in her position.
- GM! GM! Kh! Kh! - Speak the prince and sat down at the table.
The plate it seemed not to clean; He pointed to the spot and threw it. Tikhon picked her and passed the buffet. The little princess was not unhealthy; But she was completely afraid of prince to such an extent, which heard about how he was not in the spirit, she decided not to go out.
"I'm afraid of a child," she said M Lle Bourienne, "God knows what can be done from fright.
In general, the little princess lived in the Bald Mountains constantly under the feeling of fear and antipathy to the old prince, which she did not conscious, because fear was so prevailed that she could not feel her. From the prince, there was also an antipathy, but she drove out contempt. The princess, having faded in the Bald Mountains, especially loved M Lle Bourienne, spent his days with her, asked her to spend the night with him and often spoke of his father-in-law and judged him.
- Il Nous Arrive du Monde, Mon Prince, [Guests go to us, Prince.] - said M Lle Bourienne, unfolding a white napkin with her pink hands. - SON EXCELLENCE LE PRINCE KOUURAGUINE AVEC SON FILS, A CE QUE J "AI ENTENDU DIRE? [His shyness Prince Kuragin with his son, how much did I hear?] - she said questioningly.
"Gm ... this excellence boy ... I defined it in the board," the prince said offended. - And son why, I can not understand. Princess Lizaveta Karlovna and Princess Marya, may know; I do not know what he is lucky this son here. I do not need. - And he looked at his reddened daughter.
- Unhealthy, or what? From fear of the minister, as now, this Bolon Alpatych said.
- No, Mon Pere. [Battyushka.]
No matter how unfortunately, M Lle Bourienne fell on the subject of a conversation, she did not stop and chatted about the greenhouse, the beauty of the new blossomed flower, and the prince after soup softened.
After lunch, he went to the daughter-in-law. The little princess was sitting at a small table and chatted with Masha, maid. She pale, seeing the beet.
The little princess has changed very much. She rather was bad than good, now. The cheeks dropped, the lip climbed up, the eyes were covered with a book.
"Yes, some kind of severity," she answered the question of the prince, that she feels.
- Do not need what?
- No, Merci, Mon Pere. [Thank you, Batyushka.]
- Well, good, good.
He came out and reached the waiter. Alpatych, bumping his head, stood in the waiter.
- Wkining road?
- Zakidan, your clay; Sorry, for God's sake, one nonsense.
The prince interrupted him and laughed with his unnatural laugh.
- Well, good, good.
He extended the hand that Alpatych kissed, and passed into the office.
Prince Vasily arrived in the evening. He was met on the punchup (this was the name of the avenue) Kucher and the waiters, with a cry, his crafts and sleighs and sleigh to the fligel on the road on purpose.
Princess Vasill and Anatol were allocated separate rooms.
Anatole was sitting, removing Camzole and taught his hands in the sides, in front of the table, at the corner of which he, smiling, intently and absently asked his beautiful big eyes. For all my life, he looked at him as a continuous envelope, which someone had such for why it was obliged to arrange for him. Just now he looked at his trip to an evil old man and to a rich ugly heir. All this could go out, according to his assumption, very good and fun. And why not marry, if she is very rich? It never interferes, thought Anatol.
He got out, saboted with care and the scope, made it habit, and with a born to him good-naturedly a winner expression, having a beautiful head, entered the room to his father. Near the prince Vasilla, his two-chameneders, dressing him; He himself looked around himself around himself and nodded his came to his friend, as if he said: "So, I need you so much!"
- No, no joke, father, she is very ugly? BUT? He asked, as if continuing the conversation, more than once behaved during the trip.
- Full. Stupidity! The main thing is to try to be respectful and prudence with the old prince.
"If he is bored, I'll leave," said Anatol. - I can't endure these old people. BUT?
- Remember that everything depends on it.
At this time, the devil was not only known for the arrival of the Minister and Son, but appearance Their both was described in detail. Princess Marya sat alone in his room and tried in vain to overcome his inner excitement.
"Why did they write, why Lisa told me about it? After all, this can not be! She said she, looking into the mirror. - How will I go to the living room? If he, even I liked, I could not be now with him myself. " One thought about the look of her father led her horror.
Little Princess and M Lle Bourienne have already received all the necessary information from the maid of Masha about what kind of ruddy, the black handsome man was a ministerial son, and about how the papida, they rake the legs to the staircase, and he, as an eagle, walking three steps, Joined it. Having received this information, a small princess with M Lle Bourienne, from the corridor heard with their lively talking voices, entered the room of the princess.
Pigmeys are first mentioned in the ancient Egyptian inscriptions of the 3rd thousand to n. e. At a later time - in ancient Greek sources. In the XVI-XVII centuries. These called "Matimba" are mentioned in the descriptions left by the researchers of West Africa. In the XIX century, their existence was confirmed by the German explorer in Swweinfurt, the Russian explorer V. V. Junker, and others found these tribes in the rainforest of the basin of the rivers of the ITURI and the node. In 1929-1930 The expeditions of P. Shebesta described the Bambouti Pygmeys, in 1934-1935, the researcher M. Guzinde found Pygmeys Efe and Basua.
Number and population
The total population of Pygmeni is about 300 thousand people. . Including in Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda over 100 thousand people. Zaire - 70 thousand Congo - 25 thousand Cameroon - 15 thousand. Gabone - 5 thousand. Speaks on a bow of languages, Pigmeys of the ITURY River - in Serze-Munda languages.
Pygmeni make up a pygmy dish, differ in low rising, yellowish tint of the skin, narrow lips, narrow and low and low. Before the resettlement, Pagmya Bowded occupied the entire Central Africa, then were ousted in the field of rainforest. Were in severe isolation. Preserved archaic culture. Engage in hunting, collecting and fishing. Weapons - onions with arrows, often poisoned, with an iron tip, sometimes a small spear. Western and traps are widely used. Affected applied art. Keep many features of the tribal structure, they have a group of 2-4 families.
Occupation
Pigmeys are powered only by what they will find, catch or kill in the jungle. They are magnificent hunters and their favorite meat - elephant, but more often they manage to get not very large animals or fish. Pygmyev has a special fish fishing technique. The method that they use is based on fish poisoning with vegetable poisons. The fish falls asleep and pops up to the surface, after which it can be simply assembled by hands. Pygmy live in harmony with nature and take exactly so many fish as it takes. Unwitting fish wakes up half an hour without any damage.
Who are Pygmy's Pygmy - the people living in the Equatorial forests and migrating from the parking to the parking lot depending on the time of year. Pygmeni make up a pygmy dish, differ in low rising, yellowish tint of the skin, narrow lips, narrow and low and low. The average life expectancy of pygmeys - from 16 to 24 years, depending on the specific people, so the evolution took care that they quickly reached the state of an adult, albeit a low person to have time to acquire children. It is believed that these are the most ancient inhabitants of the Congo River basin. According to the last estimates, the number of pygmeys in the world varies from 150 thousand to 300 thousand people. The absolute majority of them live in Central African countries: Burundi, Gabon, DRC, Zaire, Cameroon, Congo, Rwanda, Equatorial Guinea, Uganda and the CAR.
The first mention of pigments were made in the ancient Egyptian records, dating from the 3rd millennium BC. Later about the pygmen wrote ancient Greek historians Herodotus, Strabo, Homer. The real existence of these African tribes was confirmed only in the 19th century by the German traveler Georg Schweinfurt. Russian researcher Vasily Junker and others.
Growth of adult male pygmeys from 144-150 cm in height. Women about 120 cm. Have short limbs, light brown leather, which serves excellent camouflage in the forest. Dark hair, curly, thin lips.
Live pygmy in the forests. The forest for them is the highest deity source of all necessary for survival. Traditional occupation for most pygmen hunting and gathering. They hunt for birds of elephants, antelope and monkeys. For hunting use short bows and poisoned arrows. In addition to different meat, Pygmy love honey wild bees. In order to get to your favorite delicacy, they have to climb 45-meter trees, after which they use ash and smoke to dispel the bees. Women collect nuts, berries, mushrooms and roots.
Live pygmen in small groups, number of at least 50 members. Each group has a special territory for the construction of huts. Marriages between members of different tribes here is a completely common phenomenon. Also, absolutely any member of the tribe when he wishes, can go free and join another tribe. There are no formal leaders in the tribe. The questions that have arisen and problems are solved by open negotiations.
Weapons are a spear, a small bow, arrows. Iron for pygmy arrows tips are swapped in neighboring tribes. Various traps and traps are widely used.
Pigmeys are the most famous dwarf tribes living in the forests tropical Africa. The main areas of foaming of Pygmeys today: Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo, Cameroon and Gabon.
Mbutis The tribe of Pygmeys living in the forest ITURY in Zaire. Most scientists believe that they are most likely to be the first inhabitants of the region.
TV Pygmy's tribe in Equatorial Africa. Inhabit both the mountains and plains near Kivu Lake in Zaire, Burundi and Rwanda. They support close ties with neighboring cattle breeding tribes, know how to make clay dishes.
TOSVA This big tribe lives near the swamp of the south of the Congo River. They, like the Twee tribe, live in cooperation with neighboring tribes, adopting their culture and language. Most of the TSWS are engaged in hunting or fishing.
A group of peoples belonging to the Negrille race, the indigenous population of tropical Africa. They speak Languages \u200b\u200bBantu, Adamaua-Eastern Group and Shari-Nilsk Group. Many pygmen retain a stray lifestyle, archaic culture, traditional beliefs.
- in greek mythology Dwarf's tribe, symbolizing barbaric world. The name is associated with the small growth of pygmeys and symbolizes the distorted perception of the genuine ethnic. The Greeks were determined by the size of pygmen from the ant before the monkey. According to various sources, this tribe dwells on the southern periphery of Okumen - south of Egypt or in India. Herodotus attributed to the habitat of Pygmeni to the headwinds of the Nile. Strabo listed the Pygmeys together with the Bolshable, nestings, cheeks, manless, one-eyed and hooked bars.
There was a legend that pygmeys generates a fertile layer of land of the valleys of the Egyptian river, so they sometimes performed as a symbol of fertility of semi-sucks of the south. For the harvest of Kohli, they were armed with axes, as if they were going to chop forest. Pliny Elder argued that Pygmeni build their huts from dirt mixed with feathers and eggshell, and Aristotle set them to underground caves.
The characteristic motive of the mythology of Pygmeys - geranoache. Legends read that pygmy annually fought for three months with cranes, sitting on the rams, goats and partridges, trying to kidnap or break the eggs of birds. Moreover, military campaigns, which occupied three months from Pygmeys a year, they committed in South-Russian steppes, where there were caravalny nests. Their enmity was explained by the tradition of transforming the Pigmean girl who opposed the tribe. The symbolism of geranoache was found on vases, mosaics, pompian frescoes and gemmahs.
Another symbolic motive associated with pigments was Heraclomakhiya: myths narrate that Pygmeni tried to kill the sleeping hero, mushy him for victory over their brother Antehe. Hercules gathered pygmeys in the skin of the Nemoye Lion and took to Eurischeu. Related relations with Antehe were called upon to emphasize the semiotic image of Pygmeni, his astonic aspect. A popular reception in artistic creativity was reduced to one scene line Pygmen and giants.
Pigmemia was also called the Carthage deity, the head of which carved from the tree, was placed on the military courts to intimidate the enemies.
Pagimia in Africa
The word "Pigmey" usually denotes something small. In anthropology, this refers to a member of any human group, the growth of adult men whose men does not exceed one and a half meters in height. But the basic concept of this word, as a rule, refers to the African tribes of pygmeys.
The growth of most African pigments from 1 m 22 cm to 1 m 42cm in height. They have short limbs. The skin of a reddish-brown color and serves as camouflage in the forest. The head is usually round and wide, with curly hair.
Most pigmeys are traditional hunters and collectors. They hunt ancope, birds, elephants and monkeys. For this, small bows and poisoned arrows for hunting are used. Women usually collect berries, mushrooms, nuts and roots.
Pygmy live in small groups. Each tribe consists of at least fifty members. There is a territory for the construction of huts in each group. But in the threat of disappearance of food, each tribe may occupy another territory. Marriages are common between members of various tribes. In addition, any member of the group may freely leave one and join another tribe when he wishes. There are no formal leaders of the tribe. All problems are solved by open negotiations.
Sources: www.africa.org.ua, ppt4web.ru, www.worldme.ru, c-cafe.ru, www.e-almoney.ru
