Africa is an amazing continent where a large number of geographic zones are combined. More in any place are so noticeable by these distinctions.

Natural areas of Africa are very clearly visible on the map. They are distributed symmetrically relative to the equator and depend on uneven precipitation.

Characteristics of natural areas of Africa

Africa refers to the second area of \u200b\u200bthe continent on Earth. It is surrounded by two seas and two oceans. But the most main feature - This is his symmetry in a position in relation to the equator, which by the horizon divides Africa into two parts.

In the north and south of the mainland there are tag-tousing evergreen wet forests and shrubs. Next are the deserts and semi-deserts, then savanna.

In the very center of the continent there are zones of variable-wet and constant wet forests. Each zone is characterized by its climate, flora and fauna.

The zone of variable-wet and wet evergreen Equatorial forests of Africa

The region of evergreen forests is located in the Congo's hood and go along the Gulf of Guinea. Here you can find more than 1000 plants. In these zones, predominantly red-yellow soils. Many species of palm trees are growing here, including oilseeds, fern tree, bananas, lianas.

Animals are placed on tiers. In these places, the animal world is very diverse. In the soil, a huge number of earthkers, lizards and snakes live.

In the zone of wet forests lives a huge number of monkeys. In addition to monkeys, gorillas and chimpanzees, you can meet more than 10 species of individuals.

Many concern to local residents are delivering to the dogs of the Pavian. They ruin plantations. This species is distinguished by the reality. They can be frightened only with a weapon, they are not afraid of a man with a stick.

African gorillas in these places grow up to two meters and have weight up to 250 kilograms. Elephants, leopards, small hoofs, forest pigs dwell in the forests.

Good to know: In the eucalyptus areas of Africa, Fly Tsetse dwells. It is very dangerous for a person. Her bite infects a deadly sleepy disease. A person begins to bother with strong pain and fever.

Zone savannah

About 40% of the entire territory of Africa is occupied by savanna. Vegetation is represented by high herbs and towering over the umbrella trees. The main of them is Baobab.

This is a tree of life having greater importance for residents of Africa. , leaves, seeds - everything is used in food. The ash of burnt fruit is used for the production of soap.

In dry savannas, aloe with fleshy and spiny leaves are growing. In the rain period in the savannah, very abundant vegetation, but in a dry period it becomes yellow, fires often arise.

Red soil savanna is much more fertile than in the zone of wet forests. This is due to the active accumulation of humus in a dry period.

Large herbivores live on the territory of African savanna. Here live giraffes, elephants, rhinos, buffaloes. Savannah Square is the place of residence of predators, hepdobes, lions, leopards.

Tropical deserts and semi-desert

Savannes are replaced by zones tropical deserts And semi-desert. The precipitation in these places is very irregular. In certain areas of rain may not be several years.

The climatic features of the zone are characterized by excessive dryness. Often arise sand stormsFor days, there are strong temperatures.

The relief of the desert is rocks of stones and salt marsh in those places where the seas were once. There are practically no plants here. There are rare spines. There are types of vegetation with for a short time Life. They grow only after the rains.

Zones of evergreens of severe forests and shrubs

The most extreme area of \u200b\u200bthe continent is the territory of evergreens of severe leaves and shrubs. For these places is characterized by wet winter and hot dry summer.

Such climate has favorably affect the state of the soil. In these places it is very fertile. It grows here lebanese cedar, beech, oak.

In this zone there are the highest items of the mainland. At the tops of Kenya and Kilimanjaro, even in the hottest period constantly lies snow.

African Natural Zone Table

The presentation and description of all natural areas of Africa can be visually submitted in the table.

Name of the natural zone	Geographical location	Climate	Vegetable world	Animal world	The soil
Savannai	Neighboring zones from equatorial forests north, south and east	Subexvatorial	Herbs, cereals, palm trees, acacia	Elephants, hippos, lions, leopards, hyenas, jackals	Ferroll red
Tropical semi-deserts and deserts	Southwest and north mainland	Tropical	Acacia, succulents	Turtles, beetles, snakes, scorpions	Sand, stony
Variable-wet and wet forests	Northern Equator	Equatorial and subequatorial	Bananas, palm trees. Coffee trees	Gorilla, chimpanzee, leopards, parrots	Buro-yellow
Tighted evergreen forests	Extreme north and extreme south	Subtropical	Strawberry tree, oak, beech	Zebra, leopards	Brown, fertile

The position of the climatic zones of the mainland is deleted very clearly. This applies not only to the territory itself, but also determining fauna, flora and climate types.

Presentation on the topic: Africa. Wet evergreen forests of Equatorial Africa.

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Presentation on the topic: Africa. Wet evergreen forests of Equatorial Africa.

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Wet evergreen forests of Equatorial Africa. Giley. In the belt equatorial climate Constantly wet evergreen forests (or in a different gylyus, that with the Greek denotes the forest) cover approximately 8% of the mainland area. They are common in the Congo River Basin north - to 4 ° C. sh. And south of the equator - up to 5 ° sh. In addition, these forests occupy the Atlantic Coast of about 8 ° C. sh. And in the delta rivers and on the coasts flooded during the tide, especially on the shores of the Gulf of Guinea, dominate mangroves. Primary rainforests Preserved only in the Central Bowl of the Congo River. In other places, especially north of the Gulf of Guinea, they changed the lowest secondary thickets.

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Animal World Wet Equatorial Forests Africa has a peculiar fauna, but less rich than fauna, open spaces of this continent. In the Equatorial African forest there is little herbivores, and therefore few and predators. From unfortunate, you can meet forest antelope, very cautious and frightening, related giraphs, animals - Okap. There are also boys, buffalo, hippos. From the predatory animals there are wild cats, leopards, jackals and viversees. The rodents are distributed cystic dickerages and sipophelosh flying. There are many monkeys here - monkeys, Pavians, Mandrill, most of which leads the woody lifestyle. Inhabit these places and two kinds of human monkeys - chimpanzees and gorilla. Lemories are found here. Wholes of wet rainforests of Africa are several types of parrots, bananoades, beautifully overlooking and brightly colored forests, tiny neckers, African peacocks. Many lizards and snakes, in the rivers there are a stupid crocodile. Of the amphibians, especially many diverse frogs. From large predators you can meet Tigers, Lviv, Bummy, Jaguar, Panther.Djungley is replete with various reptiles, among which there are many poisonous snakes. A wide variety of insects and spider-shaped, including poisonous.

Equatorial wet forests

This is a natural (geographical) zone stretching along the equator with some displacement south of 8 ° C.Sh. Up to 11 ° Yu.Sh. The climate is hot and wet. Round year The average air temperatures are 24-28 C. Seasons are not expressed. Drops at least 1500 mm atmospheric Ospalkovsince here is the area reduced pressure (cm. Atmosphere pressure), and on the coast, the number of atmospheric precipitation increases to 10,000 mm. The preciputes fall uniform throughout the year.

Such climatic conditions This zone contributes to the development of lush evergreen vegetation with a complex longline structure of the forest. Trees here are little branch. They have disc-shaped roots, large leathery leaves, tree trunks rise like columns and only upstairs scatter their thick crown. Brilliant, as if the lacquered surface of the leaves save them from excessive evaporation and burns of the scorching sun, from blowing shoes with heavy rains. In plants of the lower tier leaves, on the contrary, thin and gentle.

Equatorial forests South America is called Selva (port. - Forest). This zone here occupies much larger areas than in Africa. Selva wetger than African equatorial forests, richer species of plants and animals.

Soils under the canopy of red-yellow forest, ferrolite (containing aluminum and iron).

Equatorial forest is the birthplace of many valuable plants, such as oilseed palm, from the fruits of which palm oil is obtained. Woods of many trees go to the manufacture of furniture and in large quantities Exported. These include an ebony tree, whose wood has black or dark green. Many plants of equatorial forests give not only valuable wood, but also fruit, juice, boron for use in technique and medicine.
Elements of equatorial forests penetrate the tropics along the coast of Central America, at Madagascar.

The main share of equatorial forests is located in Africa and South AmericaHowever, they are found in Eurasia, mainly on the islands. As a result, a significant cutting of the square beneath them is sharply reduced.

Equatorial forests

Wet evergreen forests are located non-strokes and stains along the equator. "Green hell" - so called these places, many travelers of past centuries, who had to be here. The solid wall cost high multi-tiered forests, under the thick krons of which the dusk constantly reign, the monstrous humidity, constant heat, there is no change of seasons, the shower is regularly collapsed with a solid flow of water. Equator forests are called even constantly rain. Traveler Alexander Humboldt called them "hyiley" (from Greek. Hyle - Forest - approx. From geoglobus.ru). Most likely, the wet forests of a coal period with gigantic ferns and horses looked like this. Sub-screen forests are distinguished by the fact that among evergreen plants there are those that throw their leaves for several weeks a year.

Life in the rainforest is located "vertical" - plants and animals occupied different "high-altage floors" of this amazing world, adapting to its conditions. In such forests can be up to five similar levels.

The upper floors are at an altitude of up to 45 m and do not have closed cover. As a rule, the wood of these trees is the richest. Below, at an altitude of 18-20 m, tiers are located from plants and trees that form a solid closet and almost missing sunlight Down, to the ground. A raresting lower belt is at an altitude of about 10 m. Even below, shrub and herbal plants grow, such as pineapples and bananas, ferns. Tall trees They have thickened scratched roots (they are called heartless), helping the giant plant to maintain a solid connection with the soil.

What plants grow in Equatorial forests?

Such plants are called "epiphytes", i.e. Living "at a distance." Such, for example, orchids. Their exquisite flowers with a faint aroma are nothing more than an attempt in a rigid competitive struggle to attract insects and birds to pollinate and maintain their further life. In the depths of the forest in permanent dampness, there is a heavy smell of rotting meat, the largest flower on the planet - Arnold Rafflesia. Its flower reaches 1 m in diameter.

In a warm and wet climate, the decomposition of dead plants occurs very quickly. From the resulting nutritional composition takes a substance for the life of the plant guilt.

South America's rain forests are called "Selva". In their way species composition (The number of plant species is 2500-3000) The Amazon Selva is in the first place in the world. Not much, but still inferior to her African equatorial forests. The land in the rainforest is the kingdom of moss, mushrooms, algae, plants with wide leaves, catching and delaying moisture, insects, including poisonous. To survive in the rural, travelers require the knowledge of local residents who build houses on stilts, sleep in hammocks.

The whole familiar life is focused "between the sky and earth", on the wide branches of trees, sent by Lianami. Among such landscapes, the most freest rivers of our planet - Amazon in South America, Congo in Africa, Brahmaputra in Southeast Asia.

Amazon Selva, like the Equatorial forests of Congo, Guinea, Uganda, the forests of the Equatorial Islands of Oceania, leaving the sea coasts, create amazing in the zone of tides and sings natural communities - Mangrove forests. Air roots of plants of such a forest themselves impassable thickets. Numerous air roots catches any opportunity to get air, breaking through the wet sand and liquid mud, and with tides - from sea water. The width of such mangroves can reach 10-20 meters.

Equatorial forests of our planet are often called her lungs. Indeed, a huge number of pile trees highlights such an amount of oxygen into the atmosphere, which reduce them threatens humanity to a significant deterioration in the composition of the air. Partly rainforests are already reduced. In their place, a person cultivates various cultures, including coffee, oilseed and rubber palm trees.

Flora and fauna Tropical Africa

Vegetation in Africa is rich and diverse. Its character is determined by the amount of precipitation and the duration of the wet season due to the flat relief and the position of the mainland between the tropics. In the Equatorial climatic belt, rich, evergreen multi-tiered forests grow. Herbal vegetation prevails in the subequatorial belts. IN tropical belts The vegetation is poor species, cut or absent at all.

Equatorial climatic belt

News and Society

Plants of equatorial forests. Features and meaning

Plants of equatorial forests cannot but cause elevated interest not only from specialists, but also from ordinary inquisitive travelers from around the world. And there is nothing surprising.

Agree, many of us seek to visit the overseas countries for the sake of these exotic representatives of Flora. For example, the plants of Equatorial forests of South America or Africa are very unlike the grass, flowers, trees and shrubs, which we used to see by the window of your hometown. They look very different, smell and bloom, and therefore cause mixed emotions. They want to consider closer, touch and take a picture.

Plants of equatorial forests are the topic that can be told infinitely long. The same article is aimed at introducing readers with the most characteristic properties and habitat of the data of the representatives of the world of Flora.

general information

First of all, we will try to define such a concept as humid-equatorial forests. Plants, the habitat of which serve as regions with pronounced equatorial, subequatorial and tropical climat, inhabit this species Natural zone. It is worth paying attention to the fact that in this case there are not only herbs, but also numerous trees and shrubs to various kinds of flora representatives.

At first glance, it is difficult to even imagine, but it is observed until 2000, or even 10,000 mm of precipitation per year.

For these areas of sushi, a huge biodiversity is characterized, it is here that lives 2/3 of all plants and animals of our planet. By the way, not everyone knows that millions of species are still not described.

In the lower tier in wet rainforests there is not enough light, but the undergrowth, as a rule, is formed weak, so a person can move easily on it. However, in the event that for some reason the deciduous canopy is absent or weakened, the lower tier can quickly be covered with difficulty thickets from Lian and intricate trees. This is called jungle.

Climate Equatorial Forest

Animals and plants of equatorial forests, as we have already spoken, differ in variety. This is due to the current climate, and therefore it is necessary to talk about it in more detail.

This zone stretches along the equator with a displacement to the south. average temperature All year-round is 24-28 degrees. The climate is hot enough and wet, although at this time of the year implicitly expressed.

This territory relates to the field of reduced pressure, and the precipitation here falls evenly for a whole year. Such climatic conditions contribute to the development of evergreen vegetation, for which the so-called complex structure of the forest is characteristic.

Video on the topic

Vegetable world of Equatorial territories of the planet

As a rule, wet evergreen forests, located non-stroke strips or peculiar stains along the equator, are diverse and there are a huge number of species. It is difficult to imagine that only in the Congo's brand and on the coast of the Guinean bay of them today more than a thousand.

The plants of the equatorial forests of the upper tier are represented by giant ficus and palm trees, which over 200 species. In the lower way, they grow mostly bananas and tree-like fern.

The largest plants are often wrapped by Liana, blooming orchids. By the way, it is worth noting that sometimes in the Equatorial forests there are up to six tiers. Among the plants there are epiphytes - mosses, lichens, fern.

But in the depths of the forest, you can find the largest flower of our planet - Arnold Rafflese, the transverse diameter of which reaches 1 meter.

Animal World of Equatorial Forest

It is unlikely that someone is surprised if we note that the fauna of equatorial forests is primarily rich in monkeys. Especially often and in huge quantities there are martyrs, chimpanzees, gorillas, tuning and bonobo.

From the ground inhabitants, it is often possible to meet small hoofs, for example, in Africa, tourists are often admired by Ogazi, African deer and other unusual animals. The most common predators of South America Selva, of course, Jaguar and Puma are considered. But in African tropics, the owners are fast leopards and huge tigers.

Thanks to the wet conditions of the medium in Equatorial forests, many frogs, lizards and insects live. Among the birds most often encountered hummingbirds, parrots and tucanis.

As for the reptiles, then who does not know about Python Africa and Asia or Anaconde from the Jungle Amazon? In addition, in equatorial forests are common poisonous snakes, Alligators, Caymans and others dangerous representatives Fauna world.

What will happen if destroying the plants of equatorial forests?

During the deforestation of the equatorial forest, the person sometimes not realizing himself, destroys the habitat of many animals and takes the food at termites. Besides, this forest Holds also the onset of desert deserts.

But that's not all. The fact is that wet equatorial forests, although they occupy a relatively small part of the Earth, are the so-called green light planets. It is here that about 1/3 of the oxygen of the Earth is produced, so the destruction of the equatorial forest will cause irreversible environmental consequences, including an increase in carbon dioxide content. The latter, in turn, will lead to an increase in the average temperature, will increase the probability of melting of glaciers, and therefore will entail the subsequent flooding of a plurality of fertile lands.

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These interesting plants, so illegitably bred because of the beauty of their original colors and familiar to everyone, also belong to the tropics. Most often they come across in the mountains of the equatorial belt; There you can always find several representatives of countless orchid forms. They grow in the trunks, branches, on branching branches, especially developing on the fallen trunks, cover the bottom of the rocks and cliffs from above; Some, like our northern species, grow on Earth, between the rest of herbs. Many trees whose bark is particularly favored by the growth of orchids, they are completely covered and thus form natural orchid gardens. Some orchids are especially likely focusing with palm trees and tree fern leaves. Many are more willing all the water, others, on the contrary, need air and light wood vertices. Everyone knows the original diversity of the structure of orchids and beautiful tones of their colors, but the richest our orchid collections do not give any complete presentation of the whole set of their species falling under the tropics; However, many of them have flowers too unpleasant to be worth it. More than 30 years ago, Lindley estimated the number of orchids known at the time at the time of 3,000, Bentam and Gucker in Genera PlantarUnize them already in 5,000; It is very likely that in our time the number of famous types of orchids reaches 6000.

Equatorial forest vegetation

But no matter how large the number of already collected and described species, the number of still having to be open should be colossal.

Orchid Grammatophyllum Speciosum (Java)

In contrast to ferns, individual types of orchids have a relatively small distribution; Therefore, for comprehensive familiarization with all the species belonging to only one more or less extensive area, such as the island of magnitude with Java, it would take many years of work of good nerd. It is very possible that this wonderful family will eventually turn out to be the richest species of all flowering plants.

Despite the fact that any orchid can be found in its peculiar form not even during flowering, though both sizes and the kind of them are extremely diverse. Some minor curly species are not superior to MCH, the largest grammatophylum from Borneo islands, growing in the development of wood branches, have a thick foliage of trunks to 10 feet long; Some terrestrial species, such as American Sobraraliae, achieve the same value. Most orchids look very peculiarly due to their fleshy air roots, which are often drunk far down, crawl over the rocks or slightly attach to the crust of some tree; They feed on the falling rains and in general atmospheric moisture. Despite such many different species Orchids in Equatorial forests, flowers are relatively little rushing. This is partly because many orchids are generally unpleasured, partly because the flowering time of each type lasts only a few weeks and in various species falls for different months. In addition, it also has the influence of orchid growing, which are found in most cases of apart, separate specimens or groups rarely reaching a large value and therefore not released among their mass of plants. Only rarely traveler entails a terrain, where orchids remind him of the beauty of our orchid greenhouses and exhibitions. Sleepy golden oncidiae flooded forests of the upper amazon, magnificent Cattleya more dry forests, marsh caelogynae, finally, wonderful Vanda Lowii Forest Hills Borneo - these are the main examples of beautiful orchids, especially cut into the author of these lines for 12 years of its rainforests. The above-mentioned Vanda is strongly allocated from all orchids: from a relatively small beam of its foliage protrude numerous flowerwomen driving down down, like cords up to 8 feet of length, and completely destroyed with large star red-grown colors.

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Tropical forests are filled with flora and fauna. Representatives of the ancient groups of mammals are preserved here, the most primitive silence - opossums, helmet. Also in the forests multiple variety of monkeys and semolstery (Lemur, Lori). Food in the rainforests of the old world and armor and ammented lizards. In the birds living in crowns, there are many people who do not fly too well, but mostly jump and climb (tucanis, touro, birds-rhinos, paradise birds). And Nicobar Pigeons, Vental Pigeons, Shalashniki are beautiful flyers, and parrots (Cockada, Ara, Amazon, Jaco) and climb well and fly. Beasts dwelling in trees can be divided into two groups: planners who have a well-developed aircraft (large flying posses, helpring, worst-volost) and climbing, in addition to severe and dexterous paws, there is a chain tail used as a fifth full of full-fledged limbs (kinku, musicals, tunes, pangolines). Among them are loungeful (sloths, colobuses), fertile forms (Gulda, Kalond, a small flying fox, kinkagu) and animals with more wide spectrum vegetable food (monkeys, ratouris, helpring, kangaroo, ships). Others, such as Gorilla, Mandril, Piped, although they can climb on trees, but often found on Earth. Insects, Gulda, Kalong, a small flying fox, some birds are pollinators of rainforest flowers. There are the largest inhabitants of the tropics, which and control the number of animals are jaguars, leopards and tigers. It is also very dangerous and a boa, which can outward mining entirely. It can be like a big monkey, and a small hippos.

Trees in wet rainforests have several common characteristicswhich are not observed in plants less wet climates.

The base of the trunk in many species has wide, wood ledges. Earlier it was assumed that these protrusions help the tree to keep balance, now they believe that, according to these protractions, water with dissolved nutrients flows to the roots of the tree. Wide leaves are also the usual business in trees, shrubs and herbs of the lower tiers of the forest. High young trees that have not yet reached the upper tier, also have a wider foliage, which is then reduced with a height.

Plants of equatorial forests. Wet equatorial forests

Wide leaves help plants better absorb sunlight under the edges of the forest trees, and they are protected from above from wind exposure. The leaves of the upper tier, forming a canopy, usually smaller than the size and are strongly cut to reduce the wind pressure. On the lower floors, the leaves are often narrowed at the ends so that it contributes to the rapid flow of water and prevents the reproduction of microbes and ms that destroy the leaves on them.

The tops of the trees are often very well interconnected with the help of Lian or plants - epiphytes fixing them.

Other characteristics of the wet rainforest can serve as an unusually thin (1-2 mm) bark of trees, sometimes covered with sharp spikes or barns; The presence of flowers and fruits growing right on the trunks of trees; A wide variety of juicy fruits, attracting birds, mammals and even fish feeding with spray particles.

In wet tropical forests there are incomplete (families of the lazens, musicals and armaduses), wide monkeys, a number of rodent families, manochable, lamas, a short, several bird detachments, as well as some reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates. Many animals with tenacious tails live on trees - cloth monkeys, dwarf and four-pailed amusements, opossums, cloth-minded dickerys, sloths. A lot of insects, especially butterflies (one of the richest faun in the world) and beetles; Many fish (whole 2000 species are approximately one third of the freshwater fauna of the world).

Equatorial climate belt

Equatorial climatic belt is located on both parts of the equator, between two. The average monthly temperature is from + 24 to + 28 ° C, and the average temperature fluctuate for the year varies from ± 2-3º C.

Equatorial air is formed from tropical air massSupposed to the equator with the Northern and South Hemispheres. Climate formation occurs in the area of \u200b\u200bEquatorial depression with weak winds. The main thermodynamic process accompanying air transformation is its moisturizing.

Equatorial climatic belt is characterized by a large margin of unstable energy. It is saturated with moisture, and the conditions of vertical air stratification are favorable or energized. In this regard, convective clouds are extremely important in areas with equatorial air. Under the influence of the overall combination of air circulation and radiation factors, the climate is hot here and very wet with a large amount of precipitation: up to 3000 to 10,000 mm on the windy slopes of the mountains.

Surface reservoirs, as a rule, rivers contain an abundant amount of water. The exception is river systems that are located in other climatic belts. Natural processes in the equatorial parts of the continents are very active.

Equatorial belt countries

Equatorial belt covers several countries of South America: Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela Peru and Brazil; Africa: Liberia, Côte d "Ivoire, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, DRK, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi; Malacca Peninsula, as well as Islands of Southeast Asia .

Natural Equatorial Zones

Map of natural zones and climatic belts of the world

Three terrestrial natural zones are distributed in this belt: a zone of wet equatorial forest (South America, Africa, Islands of Southeast Asia), and a steady (South America), and natural zone The region of the altitude explanation (Islands of Southeast Asia and South America).

Equatorial belt soil

In the equatorial climatic belt, yellow, red-yellow ferallic (latheitite) soil predominate. They are characterized by dead vegetable substances and rapid mineralization. Also, organ-mineral complexes are dominated here. These soils are poor chemical compounds and humus (2-3%), but rich in iron and aluminum hydroxides. The vital activity of microorganisms, as well as animal small size, is extremely high, both in the soil and on its surface. With and plowing lands, soils due to high temperatures And drainage very quickly lose their fertile properties.

Equatorial belt forests

Amazonian pool

Wet Equatorial evergreen - forests, in which the annual precipitation exceeds 2000 mm. Self large plots Located in the pool, in South America; in the Congo basin, Central America; On the Islands Borneo, Mindanao (Philippines), in New Guinea and Indonesia.

Mangrove Zaroshi

Distributed along the seas and oceans of the equatorial climatic belt. Mangrove trees adapted to a complex habitat. During the ties, they are exposed to elevated temperatures and drying, and then cooled and flooded with water during tides. Thus, for survival in this medium, trees must withstand wide ranges of salinity, temperature and humidity, as well as a number of other natural factors.

Plants and animal equatorial belts

Equatorial belt is characterized by rich in the vegetation and animal world. Economic useful plants Speakers: Ficus rubbing (including Gevei), cocoa wood, breadwinner, cotton tree, various types of palm trees, as well as trees with high-grade wood.

Animals that live in the forests of the equatorial belt adapted to life on the trees. These include: monkeys, lemurs, sloths and some representatives. From terrestrial animals, tapir, rhinos, bakers and hoeses live in an equatorial climatic belt. There is also a huge number of birds, reptiles and insects.

Equatorial forests occupy the territory of the River Basin of the Congo and the Guinean Bay. Their part is approximately 8% of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe continent. This natural zone is unique. It does not feel a special difference between the seasons. The average temperature is kept approximately at 24 degrees Celsius. The annual precipitation rate is 2000 millimeters, and it is raining Almost every day. Main weather indicators are heightened heat and humidity.

Equatorial forests of Africa are wet raindrops and are called the term "hyilets". If you look at the forest from a bird's eye view (from a helicopter or aircraft), then it resembles a green violent sea. In addition, several rivers flow here, and they are all full. In the period of floods, they bloom, and come out of the shores, pouring the large area of \u200b\u200bland. Gileses lie on Red-Yellow Ferrallite Soils. Since they contain iron, it gives the soil a red shade. Nutrients in them are not particularly much, they are washed out with waters. Also affects the soil of the sun.

Flora Gilaia

In the Equatorial Forest, Africa lives more than 25 thousand species of flora, of which one thousand are only trees. They are wrapped by Liana. Trees form thick thickets in the upper tiers. Just below the level grow shrubs, and even lower - herbs, mosses, creeping plants. In total, 8 tiers are represented in these forests.

Gilea is an evergreen forest. The leaves on the trees hold about two, and sometimes three years. They do not fall out at the same time, but replace themselves alternately. The most common types are as follows:

• bananas;
• sandalwood;
• ferns;
• nutmess;
• ficuses;
• palm trees;
• the Red tree;
• liana;
• orchids;
• breadfruit;
• epiphytes;
• oil palm;
• nutmess;
• rubberos;
• a coffee tree.

Fauna Gileu

Animals and birds are found in all forest tiers. Here is a huge number of monkeys. It is gorillas and monkeys, chimpanzees and baboons. Birds are found in the crowns of trees - bananoeds, woodwoods, fruit pigeons, as well as a huge variety of parrots. Lizards, pythons, earthroops and various rodents are crawling on Earth. A lot inhabits insects in the Equatorian forest: Tsetz fly, bees, butterflies, mosquitoes, dragonflies, termites and others.

Special climatic conditions have been formed in the African Equatorial Forest. Here is a rich world of flora and fauna. The effect of man here is minimal, and the ecosystem is almost untouched.