Subordinate attributives answer the question what?, refer to one word in the main part - a noun, pronoun or a word of another part of speech in the function of a noun - and are located after this qualifying word.
Subordinate attributives are added using allied words - relative pronouns which, which, whose, which and pronominal adverbs where, where, from, when. In the subordinate part they replace the noun from the main part: I ordered to go to an unfamiliar object, which (= object) immediately began to move towards us (A.S. Pushkin) - a conjunction word which is the subject. I like people with whom (= people) it is easy to communicate (with whom is a complement). The conjunctive words that, where, where, from, when are non-basic for subordinate modifiers and can always be replaced by the main conjunctive word which in a certain form: The park, where (= in which / = in the park) we liked to walk, was more like a forest . The word being defined in the main part may have demonstrative words, such as, for example: In the room where I live, there is almost never sun. However, such a demonstrative word can be omitted and is therefore not required in the sentence structure; a subordinate clause refers to a noun even if it has an indicative word. In addition, there are subordinate attributive clauses relating specifically to the demonstrative or attributive pronouns that, then, such, such, each, all, everyone, etc., which cannot be omitted. Such subordinate clauses are called pronominal attributives. The means of communication in them are the relative pronouns who, what, which, which, which: He who lives without sadness and anger does not love his homeland (N. A. Nekrasov) - the means of communication is the allied word who, acting as the subject. He is not the way we wanted him to be - a means of communication - the allied word what, which is a definition. Everything seems good that was before (L.N. Tolstoy) - a means of communication - a conjunction of the word that, which is the subject. The difference between subordinate pronominal and attributive clauses and attributive clauses proper lies in their ability to be located before the main part. The attributive clause replaces the syntactic position of the attribute or predicate; in complex 2 it corresponds to the attributive and predicate clauses.
You can also find the information you are interested in in the scientific search engine Otvety.Online. Use the search form:
Some difficulty in learning the Russian language is created by a complex sentence with a subordinate clause. This article will be devoted to consideration of issues related to this section.
Complex sentence with attributive clause
A complex sentence is a linguistic construction in which there is more than one grammatical basis - a subject and a predicate. Moreover, a complex sentence with a subordinate clause is distinguished by the presence of a main part and a dependent part. The subordinate clause denotes the attribute of the object named in the main clause and answers the questions “which, which.”
Complex sentences are often found in speech. Examples can be given as follows.
The dog ran through a meadow (which one?), which was full of flowers.
Tatyana was reading a book from Nikolai’s library (which one?), which was already the twentieth.
Why are complex sentences needed?
Some people believe that it is easy to express all their thoughts in short phrases, “without any fuss.” They argue that a complex sentence with a subordinate clause should be replaced by two monobasic simple ones.
In some cases they are right. Especially when it comes to “multi-story” constructions with several subordination, participial and participial phrases. Such constructions are difficult to read, and to understand the meaning of what is being said is even more difficult. But what can happen if you constantly replace all complex sentences with several simple ones? We will try to transform the examples given above into simplified versions.
The dog ran across the meadow. The meadow was full of flowers.
Tatyana was reading a book from Nikolai's library. She was already the twentieth in a row.
The resulting sentences were quite understandable and easy to read. We just needed to replace the connecting words with nouns or pronouns. However, in the first case, there is repetition of the word in neighboring sentences, which is undesirable. And by ear, this option is more reminiscent of material from a primer for children learning to read, and not of beautiful Russian speech.
Analysis of a complex sentence
To correctly place punctuation marks in complex grammatical constructions, the ability to find grammatical bases in their parts is required. For example, let's look at a sentence.
The bird sat on the branch of a tree that was bent over under the weight of snow.
Main part - a bird sat on a tree branch, Where bird- subject, and villages- predicate. The subordinating clause here is: "TOwhich was hunched over under the weight of snow". Conjunctive word " which" can easily be replaced with the word " tree" Then you get a complete simple sentence: “ The tree is bent over under the weight of snow", where the grammatical basis is " the tree is hunched over" Therefore, when parsing a subordinate clause, the subject is indicated “ which" - this is the main word here.
The diagram of a complex sentence will help you understand more accurately. The rectangle denotes the main part, the circle the subordinate part. You should also indicate in the diagram the connecting connective word and place punctuation marks.
Connection in a complex sentence with an attributive clause
If the author uses this construction in speech, he connects the main part with the secondary part using allied words “which”, “whose”, “which”, “when”, “who”, “what”, “from where”, “whither”, “where”. Parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma. Moreover, the words " whose, which, which" are basic, and all the rest from the list are non-basic, indicating the attribute of an object indirectly. But they (non-basic connecting allied words) can always be replaced by the main " which».
I adore the house in the village where I spent my childhood.
In this construction the conjunction word “ Where" is easily replaced by the word " in which" You can put a question to the subordinate clause “ I adore the house in the village (which one?) where I spent my childhood.”
Often there are demonstrative words in the main part “that” (“that”, “that”, “those”), “such”, “each”, “every”, “any”.
I respect those people who defended their Fatherland with their breasts.
Where and when to place a comma in complex sentences
- In speech constructions where there are subordinate modifiers, a comma is placed between the main part and the dependent part.
Here is the cinema where they kissed in the last row.
Black clouds gathered over the forest in which we were picking mushrooms.
- Sometimes the presence of intensifying-restrictive words (conjunctions or their combinations, particles, introductory words) is revealed in the subordinate clause. These are especially, in particular, in particular, even, including, and also, namely, but (but) only, just, only, exclusively, only and others. They are classified as a subordinate clause, and the comma is placed in such a way as not to separate the intensifying-restrictive words from the subordinate clause itself.
It’s good to relax in a village, especially next to which there is a river flowing.
- If we have complex sentences with several subordinate clauses, unrelated connecting or disjunctive conjunctions and (yes), or, either, then a comma separates all simple sentences.
The stream ran past a beautiful fairy-tale lawn, which was full of flowers, over which bright butterflies fluttered.
When is a comma not used in complex sentences?
- There are complex sentences with several subordinate clauses, which are homogeneous and interconnected by single connecting or disjunctive conjunctions and (yes), or, or.
I like to watch kids playing in the sandbox or enthusiastically looking at pictures in a book.
- You should not separate a subordinate clause consisting of one word with commas.
I would take a book, but I don’t know which one.
- Do not separate a subordinate clause with a comma if there is a negative particle before the subordinating conjunctive word " Not".
I had to see not what kind of work it was, but why and by whom it was written.
Position of the connecting word in a complex sentence
Difficulty in parsing may arise when the connecting conjunctive word is not at the beginning of the subordinate clause, but in the middle or even at the end.
Christmas morning was approaching cautiously, which all the kids were looking forward to.
All listeners were captivated by that singer, for whom they did not spare applause.
However, the scheme of a complex sentence, in which the connecting conjunctive word is not at the beginning of the subordinate clause, is constructed in such a way as if it were located immediately after the comma.
Stylistic errors in complex sentences with attributive clauses
Quite often, people make outright blunders in their speech. What complex sentence will have a distorted meaning?
That is where there is an incorrect location of the attributive clause relative to the word from the main part, the attribute of which is indicated. If the definition is placed far from it, the entire structure may take on a distorted meaning.
A phrase can become completely absurd if, between the defined word and the subordinate attributive, sentence members that depend on other words are inserted. For example:
Tatyana loved to eat the jam with a spoon that her grandmother made.
From the sentence we can conclude that the grandmother was an expert in making spoons. And this is not true at all! Grandma made jam and never made kitchen utensils. Therefore, the correct option would be:
Tatyana loved to eat the jam that her grandmother made with a spoon.
But in those cases when between the subordinate and the defined word there are members of the sentence that depend specifically on it, then the construction has a right to exist.
Tatyana loved to eat jam with a spoon painted with a bright ornament, which her grandfather gave her.
Here the phrase “painted with bright ornaments” is dependent on “spoon”, so there was no mistake.
Yes, the Russian language is diverse and difficult! Complex sentences occupy not the last place here. However, the ability to use them correctly in speech and accurately place punctuation marks can achieve a beautiful and vivid description.
Subordinate clauses indicate the attribute of the subject named in the main clause; answer the question Which?; refer to one word in the main sentence - a noun (sometimes to the phrase “noun + demonstrative word”); are joined by conjunctive words: who, what, whose, which, which, where, where, from, when. At the same time, demonstrative words are often found in the main sentence: that (that, that, those), such, everyone, everyone, any and etc.
For example: The forest we entered was extremely old(I. Turgenev); Once again I visited that corner of the earth where I spent two unnoticed years as an exile(A. Pushkin).
Like definitions in a simple sentence, attributive clauses express a characteristic of an object, but, unlike most definitions, they often characterize the object not directly, but indirectly - through a situation that is somehow connected with the object.
Subordinate clauses are added using allied words - relative pronouns which, which, whose, what and pronominal adverbs where, where, from, when. In the subordinate clause they replace the noun from the main clause.
For example: I ordered to go to an unfamiliar object, which (= object) immediately and began to move towards us(A.S. Pushkin) - union word which is subject.
I love the people I'm with(= with people) easy to communicate (With which is an addition).
Conjunctive words in complex sentences with attributive clauses can be divided into basic (which, which, whose) And non-core (what, where, where, where, when).
Non-main ones can always be replaced by the main allied word which, and the possibility of such a replacement is a clear sign of attributive clauses.
For example: The village where(wherein) I missed Evgeniy, it was a lovely corner.(A. Pushkin) - [noun, ( Where),].
I remembered today a dog that(which) was my friend from my youth(S. Yesenin) - [noun ( What).
Sometimes at night in the city desert there is one hour, imbued with melancholy, when(in which) Night fell on the whole city.(F. Tyutchev) - [noun], ( When).
Union word which can be found not only at the beginning, but also in the middle of the subordinate clause.
For example: We approached a river, the right bank of which was overgrown with dense thorny bushes.
Word which may even appear at the end of a subordinate clause, as in the epigram of D.D. Minaeva: That field gives a generous harvest, for which they do not spare manure...
Subordinate clause usually appears immediately after the noun it modifies, but may be separated from it by one or two members of the main clause.
For example: They were simply peasant children from a neighboring village who were guarding the herd.(I. Turgenev.)
You cannot place a noun and the subordinate clause associated with it far from each other, you cannot separate them with members of a sentence that do not depend on this noun.
You can't say: We ran to swim in the river every day after work, which was very close to our house. .
Correct option: Every day in the evening after work we ran to swim in the river, which was very close to our house.
The subordinate clause can break the main part, being in the middle of it.
For example: The mill bridge, from which I had caught minnows more than once, was already visible.(V. Kaverin.) Little house, where I live in Meshchera, deserves description.(K. Paustovsky.)
The word being defined in the main part may have demonstrative words that one, For example: There is almost never sun in the room where I live. However, such a demonstrative word can be omitted and is therefore not required in the sentence structure; a subordinate clause refers to a noun even if it has an indicative word.
In addition, there are subordinate attributive clauses that relate specifically to demonstrative or attributive pronouns that, that, such, such, each, all, every etc., which cannot be omitted. Such subordinate clauses are called pronominal attributives . The means of communication in them are relative pronouns who, what, which, which, which.
For example: Who lives without sadness and anger, he does not love his homeland(N. A. Nekrasov) - means of communication - union word Who, acting as the subject.
He's not what we wanted him to be- means of communication - allied word what, which is the definition.
Everything seems good What it happened before(L.N. Tolstoy) - means of communication - allied words What, which is the subject.
pronominal attributives subordinate clauses Which?) and are joined to the main sentence using allied words (main allied words - Who And What).
Compare: The man who came yesterday didn't show up today- subordinate clause. [indicative word + noun, ( which), ]. The one who came yesterday did not appear today- subordinate pronominal attributive. [pronoun, ( Who), ].
Unlike the actual attributive clauses, which always appear after the noun to which they refer, pronominal attributive clauses can also appear before the word being defined.
For example: He who lived and thought cannot help but despise people in his soul.(A. Pushkin) - ( Who), [pronoun].
videotutor-rusyaz.ru
Subordinate clauses German language
Relative pronouns are used to connect German attributive clauses to main clauses. In attributive clauses, the conjugated form of the verb goes to the end of the sentence. Attributive clauses in German They call such subordinate clauses that act as a definition (attribute) to a noun and occupy a position after it. Such sentences give the name additional characteristics and provide it with various explanations. As a rule, such subordinate clauses refer to the name and immediately follow it. That is why they can occupy a place in any part of a sentence, depending on where the corresponding name appears.
Relative pronouns introducing attributive clauses in German are inflected as follows:
Case
Neutrum (average)
Maskulinum (male)
Femininum (female)
Plural (plural)
Nominative /Genitive
Dativ / Akkusativ
In order to correctly compose a attributive clause, you must first decide on a relative pronoun, which is determined by two parameters: number and gender corresponding to the defined (characterized) name. The case in which the relative pronoun must be placed follows from the information contained in the subordinate clause. That is, if the reference word is in Nominativ, the relative pronoun will also be in the same case. The same goes for Akkusativ and Dativ.
Nominative:
Support word (number and gender) in the main word = grammatical categories reference word in the subordinate clause ® Nominativ
Subordinate clauses – German Akkusativ
Support word in the main word (number and gender) = grammatical categories of the support word in the subordinate clause ® Akkusativ
- Der Zauberstab, den der Weihnachtsmann unserem Kind geschenkt hat, hat ihn total fasziniert. – The magic wand that Santa Claus gave to our child completely enchanted him.
- Das ganze Vermögen, das er erben wollte, war weg. “All the property he wanted to inherit has disappeared.
- Die letzte Seite seines Heftes, die für seine Notizen vorgesehen war, wurde ausgerissen. – last page his notebook, which was provided for his notes, was torn out.
- Unsere letzten Errungenschaften, die alle anerkannt haben, haben jetzt keinen Sinn. – Our latest achievements, which everyone recognized, now make no sense.
Subordinate clauses – German Dativ
Support word in the main word (number and gender) = grammatical categories of the support word in the subordinate clause ® Dativ
Subordinate clauses – German Genitiv
Support word in the main (number and gender) = grammatical categories of the support word in the subordinate clause ® Genitiv
Subordinate clauses in German can be attached to the main clause using relative pronouns with prepositions. In such cases, the case in which the relative pronoun should appear is determined by the control of the corresponding preposition, which always precedes the relative pronoun, for example:
Subordinate clauses in German can also be connected to the main clause using relative pronoun in Genitiv with a pretext. In this case, the pronoun is in Genitiv, and the case of the name is determined by the corresponding preposition. For example:
Subordinate clauses can also be introduced by the relative pronoun “which - welcher”, which, however, happens much less frequently and is, as a rule, intended to help avoid unnecessary repetitions. For example:
Subordinate attributives in German can also be attached to the main one using relative adverbs “where - wo” and “where - wohin”. If the reference word expresses any spatial or temporal concept, then instead of a preposition the relative adverb “where - wo” and “where - wohin” can be used. If the reference word implies a change of place, then instead of the corresponding preposition the relative adverb “where - wohin” can be used. For example:
Subordinate modifiers can refer not only to the noun, but also, in some cases, to the pronoun of the main clause. Pronouns that can act as supporting words include inanimate demonstrative and indefinite pronouns (all - alles, many - manches, this - das, something - etwas, then - dasjenige, nothing - nichts, the same - dasselbe, a lot - vieles, etc.). If such a pronoun is associated with a word in the main clause, which is also a pronoun, then such a pronoun refers to the entire subordinate clause and conveys its entire meaning in general. In this case, the pronoun “what - was” is used, for example:
Subordinate attributives in German can also appear after a substantivized superlative (adjective in superlatives). For example:
- Subordinate clauses in German can refer to the entire main clause as a whole. In some cases, when a relative pronoun refers to a whole sentence, the pronoun “that - was” is used. For example:
- EinigeSchü lerhabensehrguteKenntnissegezeigt, was die Schulleitung und deren Eltern sehr erfreut hat. – Some students showed very good knowledge, which greatly pleased the school management and their parents.
- UnserePartnerhabenunsvielezusä tzlicheUnterlagenü bergeben, was uns bei unseren Untersuchungen unterstützt hat. – Our partners provided us with a lot of additional documentation, which supported us in carrying out our research.
- EndeMaifahrenwiransMeer, worauf unser kleiner Sohn sich schon lange freut. – At the end of May we are going to the sea, which (in anticipation of which) our little son has been enjoying for a long time.
- Sie verspricht morgen um 14:00 hier zu sein, woran keiner von ihren Familienmitgliedern glaubt. – She promises to be here tomorrow at 14:00, which none of her family members believe.
If a relative pronoun in a subordinate attributive clause, relating to the entire main clause, comes after a preposition, the need for the use of which is dictated by the control feature of the semantic verb, then it merges with “wo”. For example:
online-teacher.ru
They are close in meaning to subordinate clauses pronominal attributive clauses. They differ from attributive clauses proper in that they refer not to the noun in the main clause, but to the pronoun (that, every, all etc.), used in the meaning of a noun, for example:
1) [Total (that knew more Eugene), retell to me not leisure) (A. Pushkin)- [local, (what)]. 2) [No oh (what think those you), nature]. (F. Tyutchev)- [local, (what)].
Like subordinate clauses, pronominal clauses reveal the attribute of the object (therefore it is better to ask them a question too Which?) and are joined to the main sentence using allied words (main allied words - Who And What).
Wed: [That Human, (who came yesterday Today didn't show up] - subordinate clause. [word + noun, (which), ].
[That, (who came yesterday Today didn't show up] - subordinate pronominal attributive. [loc., (who),].
In contrast to the actual attributive clauses, which always come after the noun to which they refer, pronominal clauses can also appear before the word being defined, for example:
(Who lived and thought), [he can't in the shower not beforestare of people] . (A. Pushkin)- (who), [place. ].
You can also invite a partnership specialist to your office for free
or come to our office at:
RF, Moscow, Party Lane, building 1, metro station Serpukhovskaya, Dobryninskaya
We invite translators and editors to fill out a form
To discuss the terms of cooperation, please contact us
2.2.1. Subordinate clauses
2.2. Complex sentence. Subordinate clauses that relate one word in the main clause
1. Questions: attributive clauses answer the questions of definition: which one? whose?
2. Main word: attributive clauses refer to the member in the main clause expressed noun.
3. Communications: subordinate clauses are attached to the main clause using allied words which, which, whose, who, what, where, where, from, when. The main clause may (but does not have to) demonstrative words: that, this, such, etc., performing the function of definition in the main sentence.
4. Place of subordinate clause: attributive clauses always come after the noun they refer to.
Room[which?], which Ivan Ivanovich entered was completely empty(Gogol).
[noun, ( in which– union. word), ].
Let's dream, for example, about that life[about which one?], what will happen after us, in two or three hundred years(Chekhov).
[noun + decree word], ( which– union. word)
In Andersen's complex biography it is not easy to establish that time[which?], when he began to write his first charming fairy tales(Paustovsky).
[noun + decree word], ( When– union. word)
Slobodkin had the feeling that he was frozen in infinite space(Telpugov) – from a noun feeling you can ask two questions: what does it feel like? And feeling of what?; in this case, the subordinate clause is not attributive, but additional precisely because the means of communication is the conjunction if.
2) In the attributive clause, the conjunctive words when, where, where, from, who, what can be replaced with the conjunctive word which.
A attributive clause is a subordinate part of a complex sentence, which refers to one member of the main sentence, expressed by a noun or a pronoun with a subject meaning (sometimes to the phrase "noun + demonstrative word"). For example: Road, which went into the distance, was very beautiful and I took with me those books, which were so necessary for me.
- Subordinate attributives explain the main member of a sentence, revealing its characteristics or clarifying the meaning of demonstrative pronouns. Determinative relations arise between the main and subordinate parts.
- The attributive clause usually answers the question Which? and joins the noun in the main clause using allied words which, which, whose, what, where, where, when etc. For example: K artina ( which), which I saw in the back room, stunned me with its splendor[noun, ( which– union. word)].
- Attributive clauses always come after the noun they refer to. Union word which can be found not only at the beginning, but also in the middle of the subordinate clause: A trapezoid was pushed into the opening of the half-open window. sunlight, top corner which touched the edge of the mirror cabinet.(D. Rubina) The subordinate clause can break the main part, being in the middle of it: The photograph that my father left me was always with me.
- The word being defined in the main part may have demonstrative words That, that one etc., for example: In the country where I live, there is never snow. This indicator word may be omitted; it is not required.
- Conjunctive words agree in gender and number with the qualifying noun of the main sentence, and their case depends on the syntactic role in the subordinate clause (usually acting as a subject or an object). For example:
The bitter frost does not joke with people in the taiga, which they go into the taiga without gloves or a hat; (the conjunctive word of which is the subject).
I asked you to give me a book, which Yesterday they brought it from the library;(union word which is an addition).
He and San Marco were answered by a steady hum, in the background whom the upper bells splashed(D. Rubina); (union word whom is an addition).
Conjunctive words in complex sentences with subordinate modifiers
Conjunctive words in sentences with attributive clauses can be divided into basic (which, whose, which) And and non-core (where, what, when, where, where).
Non-main ones can be replaced by the main allied word which. Eg :
Making my way along the shore to my hut, I involuntarily peered in that direction, Where the day before the blind man was waiting for the night swimmer... (M.Yu. Lermontov).
Subordinate clauses with non-basic allied words also answers the question Which ? however, they have some of their own characteristics.
Subordinate clause with allied words where, where, from, when has the additional meaning of place or time. For example:
I stopped in the living room Where All the travelers stopped and meanwhile there was no one to tell them to fry the pheasant. (M.Yu. Lermontov)
I stopped in the living room Where(in which) all travelers stopped and Where(in which) meanwhile there is no one to order the pheasant to be roasted.
Here's the window again Where they don't sleep again... ( M. Tsvetaeva).
Streets, Where We spent our childhood and youth, will forever remain in our memory. (D. Rubina)
Onegin, do you remember that hour, When in the garden, in the alley, did fate bring us together?(A.S. Pushkin)
Union word What used only in the form of the nominative or accusative case (acts as a subject or direct object):
Sing me that song What before, the old mother sang to us...(S. Yesenin) (union word What as a supplement).
Unions as if, as if, as if, as if bring an additional shade of comparison :
She had this feeling as if Everyone turned their backs on her.
Pronominal correlative sentences
Subordinate attributive clauses relating to demonstrative or attributive pronouns that, that, such, such, each, all, everyone, etc.., acting as the subject or nominal predicate in the main part, are called pronominal-definitive (correlative)).
The means of communication in them are relative pronouns who, what, which, which, which. For example: She laughed those sweet laugh which was one of her main charms.(noun + index word), ( which– conjunction word)
Unlike the actual attributive clauses, such clauses can appear not only after the word being defined, but also before it.
In this case, pronouns that act as demonstrative words form correlative pairs with allied words: that - who, so - that, that - that, that - which, such - that, such - what etc.
After his painting, everyone began to see the London fog like this, what the artist saw him.
The planes were coming So low, What one of them was shot down.
I took with me That, What was necessary.
This book is good those, What allows you to think.
The next year he died such harvest, What It would be a shame not to eat.
Learning syntax causes certain difficulties, which is primarily due to the variety of structures and concepts. differs by the presence of several predicative parts that can be independent. This is a compound sentence. Or they can be dependent and main - this is a complex sentence. In the article we're talking about about SPP with attributive clauses.
Complex sentence with subordinate connection of parts
Sentences, where one part is main and the other dependent, can be different in their structure and in the meaning of the subordinate parts. If the subordinate part of the NGN responds to cases, then this is an explanatory part. For example:
- Peter claimed that he was not at the meeting.
- Catherine understood why they were doing this work.
- The cat knew that she would be punished for her antics.
In cases where a question of circumstance is asked to the subordinate clause, this is a sentence. Eg:
- They met in the park after the demonstration ended.
- Since the storm began, the boat trip had to be postponed.
- Maxim was where his friends lived.
For SPPs with attributive clauses, the question “which” is asked. For example:
This bird, which has flown over the sea several times, is called a loon.
The boy, whose parents worked at a facility in Sochi, showed excellent results in sports.
The estate, which is located within the reserve, is a museum.
Punctuation in NGN
What punctuation marks are used in a complex sentence? In Russian grammar, it is customary to separate the main clause from the subordinate clause with commas. In most cases, it precedes a conjunction or is a member of a sentence; you can ask a question to it): " The tourists stopped for the night in a tent camp because they still had a long way to go to the mountains."
There are many examples when a comma is placed at the end of the main part, but not before a conjunction/conjunctive word (this is especially often observed in SPPs with attributive clauses): " The path to the source lay through a gorge, the location of which was known to few."
In cases where the subordinate clause is located in the middle of the main clause, commas are placed on both sides of the dependent clause: " The house they moved into was larger and brighter."
Punctuation marks are placed according to the same syntactic rules: after each part there is a comma (most often before conjunctions/conjunctive words). Eg: " When the full moon rose, the children saw the mysterious splashing of sea waves, the sounds of which they had heard for a long time."
Subordinate clause
- The attributive dependent part reveals some characteristics of the word indicated in the main part. Such a subordinate clause is comparable to a simple definition: " It was a wonderful day"/ "It turned out to be a day that we had been dreaming about for a long time." The difference is not only syntactic, but also semantic: if definitions name the object directly, then the subordinate part draws the object through the situation. With the help of allied words, SPPs with subordinate attributive clauses are added. Example sentences:
- The car that Maria bought in Japan was reliable and economical.
- Misha brought apples from the orchard, where pears and plums also grew.
- The father showed tickets to Venice, where the whole family will go in September.
At the same time, there are allied words that are basic for such sentences: “which”, “whose”, “which”. Others are considered non-essential: “where”, “what”, “when”, “where”, “from where”.
Features of the subordinate clause
Having briefly described the main characteristics of the structures, we can make a short summary of “SPP with a subordinate attributive”. The main features of such proposals are revealed below:
Pronominal-defining sentences
From SPPs with subordinate attributives, where the dependent part refers to a noun with a demonstrative pronoun, it is necessary to distinguish those that depend on the demonstrative pronoun itself. Such sentences are called pronominal attributive sentences. For comparison: " Those who have not passed will not be allowed to take the test. laboratory work"/ "Those students who have not passed the laboratory work will not be allowed to take the test." The first sentence is pronominal-definitive, since in it the subordinate part depends on the demonstrative pronoun “that”, which cannot be removed from the sentence. In the second sentence, the dependent part refers to the noun "students", which has demonstrative pronoun“those”, and it can be omitted, therefore it is a attributive clause.
Exercises on the topic
The “SPP with subordinate attributive” test will help to consolidate the theoretical information presented above.
- Which sentence contains an IPP with a subordinate clause?
a) Yegor was informed about what had happened late, which he did not like.
b) Due to the fact that the meeting was delayed, the lawyer was late for the meeting.
c) The grove, where many birches grew, attracted mushroom pickers after the rain.
d) The sea was calm when they reached the shore.
2. Find a pronominal attribute among the sentences.
a) He has not yet been seen as he was yesterday at the meeting.
b) The city that appeared on the horizon was Beirut.
c) Everyone liked the idea that came into his head.
d) The school her sister went to was in another city.
3. In which answer option does the subordinate part break the main part?
a) He will not understand Pushkin who has not read him with his soul.
b) The water in the river, which was located on the outskirts of the city, was cold.
c) His friend, whom he met at the conference, was invited to his birthday.
d) Vasily called the doctor, whose number was given by Daria Nikolaevna.
4. Indicate the subordinate clause.
a) He knew where the cargo was delivered from.
b) The country where he came from was in the center of Africa.
c) Where Mikhail came from was known only to his father.
d) She went to the window from where the voices were coming.
5. Indicate a sentence with a pronominal clause.
a) The street that ran parallel to the avenue was the oldest in the city.
b) The one in the yellow suit turned out to be Ipatov’s wife.
c) The girl that Nikolai met in the park was a friend of his sister.
d) Lydia was attracted by the song that the children performed on stage.
