Rainbow is one of the most amazing natural phenomena. What is a rainbow? How does it appear? These questions have interested people at all times. Even Aristotle tried to unravel its secret. There are many beliefs and legends associated with it (the road to the next world, the connection between heaven and earth, a symbol of abundance, etc.). Some peoples believed that whoever passes under the rainbow will change their gender.
Her beauty amazes and delights. Looking at this multi-colored “magic bridge”, you want to believe in miracles. The appearance of a rainbow in the sky notifies that the bad weather is over and the clear sunny season has arrived.
When does a rainbow happen? It can be observed during rain or after a downpour. But lightning and thunder are not enough for it to occur. It appears only when the sun breaks through the clouds. Certain conditions are needed for it to be noticed. You need to be between the rain (it should be in front) and the sun (it should be behind). Your eyes, the center of the rainbow and the sun must be on the same line, otherwise you will not see this magical bridge!
Surely many have noticed what happens when a ray falls on a soap bubble or on the edge of a beveled mirror. It comes in a variety of colors (green, blue, red, yellow, purple, etc.). The object that splits the beam into its component colors is called a prism. And the resulting multi-colored line is a spectrum.
So what this is is a curved spectrum, a band of color formed as a result of the splitting of a beam of light when passing through raindrops (which in this case are a prism).
The colors of the solar spectrum are arranged in a certain order. On one side - red, then orange, next to it - yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. The rainbow is clearly visible as long as the raindrops fall evenly and frequently. The more often, the brighter it is. Thus, three processes occur simultaneously in a raindrop: refraction, reflection and decomposition of light.
Where to see a rainbow? Near fountains, waterfalls, against the background of drops, splashes, etc. Its location in the sky depends on the position of the sun. You can admire the entire rainbow circle if you are high in the sky. The higher the sun rises above the horizon, the smaller the colored semicircle becomes.
The first attempt to explain what a rainbow is was made in 1611 by Antonio Dominis. His explanation was different from the biblical one, so he was sentenced to death. In 1637, Descartes gave a scientific phenomenon based on the refraction and reflection of sunlight. At that time, they did not yet know about the decomposition of the beam into a spectrum, that is, dispersion. That's why Descartes' rainbow turned out to be white. 30 years later, Newton “colored” it, supplementing his colleague’s theory with explanations for the refraction of colored rays in raindrops. Despite the fact that the theory is more than 300 years old, it correctly formulates what a rainbow is and its main features (arrangement of colors, position of arcs, angular parameters).
It’s amazing how the light and water that are familiar to us create together a completely new, unimaginable beauty, a work of art given to us by nature. A rainbow always evokes a surge of emotions and remains in the memory for a long time.
Elena Samonkina
Research
Subject: Where does a rainbow come from?
Completed: Bagrationova Polina, Mukha Lena
pupils of the preparatory group
Preschool educational institution "Olenyonok" Nizhny Kuranakh
Scientific adviser: Samonkina Elena Alexandrovna
teacher
1. Introduction (Relevance).
2. Theoretical part
3. Practical part
5. Conclusion
6. Bibliography
Characteristics of the study:
The topic relates to empirical research, as it involves conducting your own observations and experiments.
Preliminary work: familiarizing children with research methods, conducting a training session.
Introduction (relevance)
"Multi-colored rocker
Hung over the meadow" (rainbow).
The impact of nature on our lives is pervasive. The beauty of nature cannot leave anyone indifferent. One of the most beautiful natural phenomena is the rainbow. Rainbow attracts the attention of not only children, but also adults. Who among us has not admired this wonderful natural phenomenon? The choice of theme is due to the fact that children look at the rainbow with interest, and they also love to draw with paints and the drawings turn out as bright as a rainbow.
One day, when my mother and friend Lena and I were walking on the street, we saw a rainbow in the sky. She was so beautiful. We asked mom: where did the rainbow come from? Mom said she didn’t know, she just appeared in the sky. Lena and I wanted to know where the rainbow comes from? How many colors does it have? And can there be other colors? We asked the teacher about this kindergarten. She advised us to do our research and find out for ourselves.
Problem: find out how and why rainbows appear? Can we make a rainbow ourselves?
Object of study: rainbow.
Subject of study: getting a rainbow at home.
Target: Identifying the properties and capabilities of different materials needed to create a rainbow at home.
Tasks:
1. Study the literature.
2. Understand the features of the appearance of such a phenomenon as a rainbow.
3. Conduct experimental work with different materials.
4. Prepare a report.
Hypothesis: if we carry out experimental work, we will find out why a rainbow appears in the sky, what colors are in it. And most importantly, we will get a rainbow ourselves at home.
Expected Result:
Will acquire new knowledge and skills focused on the development of cognitive abilities;
They will learn to conduct experiments and experiments to obtain a rainbow;
They will be able to visualize the results of their research.
Research stages: Stage 1 – analyze your knowledge;
Stage 2 – collecting information: questioning, studying literature, watching TV shows;
Stage 3 – conducting experiments;
Stage 4 – report.
Research methods:
1. Theoretical
2. Practical
Experimental base of the study: preparatory group d\s "Deer"
Practical significance of the work: The significance is that the children learned a lot useful information, discovered unusual possibilities for obtaining a rainbow effect using different materials (methods), introduced the children. The work can be used to help the teacher in ecology classes.
Theoretical part
To find out how to conduct research (determine the sequence of actions), we looked at cards with research methods. We needed to collect information.
At first we thought, what do we know about where rainbows come from?
It happens in the summer when it's raining, has the shape of an arc. We sketched this phenomenon on pieces of paper.
Then we turned to the teacher and the children in our group with questions. 20 children took part in the survey.
Questions yes no
1. Have you seen a rainbow? yes - 20 children
2. Do you know how many colors there are in the rainbow? (what) yes -12 children; no - 8 children
3. Do you know where it comes from? no - 20 children
To find out how and why rainbows appear, we decided to turn to our ecologist. To do this, we went to the environmental laboratory, to Olga Nikolaevna. And they asked to answer the questions: “Why does a rainbow appear?” Olga Nikolaevna told us: Sunlight seems colorless, but in fact it consists of different colors. A rainbow can be seen when the sun comes out during and after rain. The sun's ray is reflected in the raindrops, refracted and the 7 colors of the rainbow are obtained. There are always seven of them and they are arranged in order. And the rhyme will help you remember this order: “Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits.” We also looked at pictures of natural phenomena. On them, the rainbow has the shape of an arc. As a group we drew a rainbow and put all the colors in order. But it turns out that the rainbow has the shape of an arc because we look at it from the bottom up
And our teacher (Elena Aleksandrovna) said that if we looked at a rainbow while flying on an airplane, we would see that the rainbow has the shape of a circle.
In the library, we (together with Elena Alexandrovna) read and looked at books, from which we learned that there are interesting experiments on how to get a rainbow yourself. We decided to try experiments.
Practical part
Experiment 1: What is a rainbow? - mixing colors.
What colors does a rainbow consist of? To get orange you need to mix red and yellow, To obtain purple you need to mix red and blue, to get green you need to shift yellow and blue.
We mixed colors and painted a rainbow.
Experiment 2: Rainbow film.
Materials: liter bowl of water, bottle of light nail polish
Place a bowl of water on the table so that the sun's rays do not fall on it. Hold the brush from the bottle of varnish over the bowl until a drop of varnish falls into the water. We observe the surface of the water and see that the varnish forms a thin film on the surface of the water. We turn the bowl towards the light, when the beam falls on the surface, the play of rainbow tones is visible.
Experiment 3: The rainbow has appeared.
Material: mirror, bowl of water.
Place the mirror in the water at a slight angle. Catch a ray of sunlight with a mirror and direct it to the wall (white cardboard). We turn the mirror until we see a spectrum on the wall. Water acts as a prism that separates light into its component colors. Experiment 4: Rainbow in bubbles.
Material: jar with soap bubbles.
We blow bubbles, the light falls on the soap bubbles, you can see a rainbow in them.
Experiment 5: Rainbow on disk.
Material: disks. If you take a computer disk and shine light on it, you will see the colors of the rainbow. You can also see a rainbow in a puddle where gasoline has been spilled.
conclusions
Rainbows happen in summer, autumn, and spring. She appears when sunlight reflected in water droplets. The rainbow can be seen not only in the sky, it can be seen in paints (by mixing and obtaining different colors). The colors of the rainbow are always arranged in this order. There are only seven of them.
Conclusion
The objectives set in our study were achieved. The hypothesis was confirmed. We learned why such a phenomenon as a rainbow appears, conducted experiments, learned to draw a rainbow different ways; told the children in our group about our research. Try to conduct experiments yourself and get a rainbow at home.
Bibliography:
1. Great encyclopedia preschooler, M.: Makhaon, 2004.
2. Kulikovskaya I. E., Sovgir N. N. Children's experimentation, M.: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2005.
3. Savenkov A.I. Methodology for conducting educational research in kindergarten Samara: educational literature, 2004.
We have all seen a multi-colored arc appear in the sky. But what is a rainbow? How is this miraculous phenomenon formed? The mystery of the nature of the rainbow has always fascinated humanity, and people tried to find an explanation for what was happening with the help of legends and myths. Today we will talk exactly about this. What is a rainbow and how is it formed?
Myths
Everyone knows that ancient people were inclined to deify and mystify most natural phenomena, be it thunder and lightning or an earthquake. They didn't ignore the rainbow either. What do we know from our ancestors? What is a rainbow and how is it made?
- The ancient Vikings believed that the rainbow was the Bifrost Bridge, connecting the land of the people of Mitgard and the gods (Asgard).
- Indians believed that the rainbow was a bow belonging to the thunder god Indra.
- The Greeks did not go far from their contemporaries and also considered the rainbow to be the dear messenger of the gods Iris.
- The Armenians decided that this was not a natural phenomenon, but the belt of the Sun God (but without making a decision, they changed the “specialty” of God and “forced” him to be responsible for art and science).
- The Australians went further and animated the rainbow, making it the patron serpent of water.
- According to African myths, where the rainbow touches the ground, treasure can be found.
- It's interesting what Africans and Irish have in common, because their Leprechaun also hides a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow.
We could list for a long time the myths and legends of peoples from all over the world, and we would find something interesting for everyone. But what is a rainbow really?
Story
The first conscious and close to reality conclusions on the atmospheric phenomenon we are considering were given by Aristotle. It was just a guess, but he became the first person to take the rainbow from mythology to the real world. Aristotle hypothesized that a rainbow is not an object or substance, or even a real object, but simply a visual effect, an image, akin to a mirage in the desert.
However, the first Scientific research and the justification was carried out by the Arab astronomer Qutb ad-Din al-Shirazi. At the same time, similar studies were carried out by German researchers.
In 1611, the first physical theory of the rainbow was created. Mark Antony de Dominis, based on observations and experiments, came to the conclusion that rainbows are formed due to the refraction of light in drops of water contained in the atmosphere in rainy weather. To be more precise, he described the complete picture of the formation of a rainbow due to the double refraction of light at the entrance and exit from a drop of water.
Physics
So what is a rainbow, the definition of which was given by Aristotle? How is it formed? Probably everyone has heard about the existence of infrared and ultraviolet radiation? This is the “light” that comes from any material objects in different measurement ranges.
So, sunlight consists of rays with different wavelengths and includes all types of radiation from “warm” red to “cold” violet. When light passes through drops of water, it splits into rays of different wavelengths (and different colors), and this happens twice; when it hits the water, the ray splits and deviates slightly from its trajectory, and when it comes out, it deviates even more, as a result of which a rainbow can be seen with the naked eye.
For children
Of course, anyone who graduated from school with at least a C grade will tell you about the rainbow. But what if a child comes up to a parent and asks: “Mom, what is a rainbow? Where does it come from?” The easiest way to explain it is this: “These are the sun’s rays, passing through the rain, shimmering.” At a younger age, children do not need to know the physical background of the phenomenon.
The well-known colors of the rainbow have a strict order and always the same sequence. As we have already found out, this is the result of physical processes. However, for some reason, many adults (parents, kindergarten teachers) demand that children know correct order arrangement of colors in the rainbow. For faster memorization, expressions were invented in which the first letters of words symbolize a certain color. Here are the most famous forms:
As you can see, you can track the correct order of colors by the first letter (red-orange-yellow-green-cyan-blue-violet). By the way, Isaac Newton did not highlight blue and blue colors, and blue and indigo respectively. Why the color names were changed remains a mystery. In general, is it really so important to know what a rainbow is in order to admire it?
When I see a rainbow in the sky, I always rejoice and joke about how much longer we will live. :) A rainbow is a signal that there will no longer be such large-scale floods as the Great Flood on Earth. At least for a Christian, that's what a rainbow symbolizes.
How did the rainbow come into being?
Sometimes it seems that the rainbow has always existed, but the Old Testament says that God created the rainbow after the Great Flood destroyed all life on Earth. She became a sign, a promise to Noah’s family and descendants, to all living things, that there would no longer be a flood that would destroy all flesh. The rainbow has become a symbol of God's Covenant with man.
In order to make a rainbow, you need sunlight and droplets of water, which is why you can see a rainbow:
- after the rain;
- during fog;
- on the shore of a reservoir;
- near the fountain;
- while watering plants;
- near the waterfall.
What is a rainbow from a physical point of view?
Sunlight, which appears white to us, is made up of light waves of different wavelengths. The wavelength for each color is different, from red (the longest waves) to violet - the shortest. Mixing these colors produces white.
A rainbow occurs when light is refracted in drops of water. It is refracted, and a person sees all the colors of the spectrum accessible to the eye. In addition to the seven well-known colors of the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet, there are also countless shades and color transitions.
How is the attitude towards the rainbow reflected in the language?
Rainbows have always been a bit of magic, a complex and incomprehensible phenomenon. In mythology different countries There are beliefs associated with the rainbow, myths and legends. Yes, me too, being a modern person, those who know nature the appearance of a rainbow, I still believe that seeing it is good sign. She has always been a symbol of something good, joyful, bright.
For example, the word “rosy” means “optimistic”, “set up for success” - “rosy prospects”, “rosy dreams”. The word “rainbow” is usually used when one wants to say “the whole spectrum”, “the whole completeness”, for example, “a rainbow of feelings”, “a rainbow of words”.
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Last year, my friends and I climbed the Holy Nose Peninsula on Lake Baikal. In the morning the weather was sunny, in the afternoon it became cloudy. In the middle of the climb we were caught in a downpour. But we kept going, hoping for the best. And for good reason. The sun came out again and a rainbow appeared in the sky. We perceived this natural phenomenon as a reward for our efforts and faith in ourselves.
Why does a rainbow appear
Divine mercy, a symbol of abundance, a shining rocker, a staircase to another world... The ancient people called the rainbow what they called it. And indeed, a rainbow looks like some kind of fairy-tale miracle. She's so lovely. But alas... This is a common natural phenomenon, and it has a scientific explanation.
A ray of light is the magician who sometimes turns into a multifaceted rainbow. Light consists of many colorful particles. Mixed together they give us the color white. After rain, fog remains in the atmosphere. The sun, at an angle of 42 degrees, hits these transparent clumps and decomposes into different colors. We are able to distinguish only seven of them - green, red, blue, orange, cyan, violet, yellow. They are the ones who appear before our eyes after the rain. In fact, in a rainbow, one color smoothly transitions into another. But these transitional shades are elusive to the human eye. There are different rainbows:
DIY rainbow
The mechanism of rainbow formation is simple. Therefore, as a science experiment, you can do it at home with your children using a water hose. You can take a special hose with a sprayer, or clamp the neck and make the spray yourself. We direct the spray towards the sun. And voila! A rainbow appears in the splashes.
The same thing can be done in another way. You need to take a transparent glass of water and place it on the windowsill. Place a sheet of paper on the floor nearby. The window needs to be wetted hot water. The sun's rays, passing through a glass of water, will disintegrate into colors. Thus, you can see a rainbow on paper. The main thing in this matter is to correctly adjust the position of the glass and paper.
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I have always loved observing nature and its phenomena. The rainbow constantly aroused my admiration and joy, while at the same time remaining a mystery. I was interested in how it appears, why there are so many colors in the rainbow, and why is it arched? The answers to these questions were found and turned out to be simple and interesting.
Why does a rainbow appear in the sky?
A ray of light is made up of particles. These particles are nothing more than segments electromagnetic wave having different lengths. They differ in color, but a person sees them as one ray of white color. And when this white light falls on a transparent drop of water, then several different colors can be distinguished.
If the light rays are reflected from the drop more than twice, then two rainbows are immediately visible.
What conditions are necessary for a rainbow to appear?
For a rainbow to appear, only two factors are needed - a light source and high humidity. And they, in turn, can be:
- Sky after rain.
- Drops of fog illuminated by the sun's rays.
- Waterfalls.
- The shore of a reservoir in sunny weather.
A rainbow is visible only when the rays do not fall on the drops at right angles. In this case, the light source should be located behind the observer.
What other rainbows are there?
In addition to the well-known arc-shaped rainbow, there are other varieties of this phenomenon.
A white (or foggy) rainbow appears when a faint fog is illuminated by sunlight. This phenomenon occurs rarely.
A fire rainbow looks like a glowing ring around the sun. It usually occurs when white crystals contained in clouds are hit by powerful, bright light.
Moonbows occur at night and are difficult to spot. Due to poor lighting and the characteristics of the human eye, it appears white. This rainbow is mainly visible during the full moon.
In fact, a rainbow is a circle. It’s just that its lower part is hidden by the horizon line, and we only see the upper part.
A rainbow is simply an unforgettable phenomenon that you want to look at without taking your eyes off. And don’t think about the laws of physics due to which it arises.
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I am, of course, an inquisitive person, but the desire to find out about how a rainbow appears, it didn’t occur to me. Until recently. I was riding on a tram and suddenly I began to notice that other passengers and people on the street were enthusiastically looking somewhere into the sky. I didn’t have a clear view of the object of their attention, but when I got off the tram, I saw the mostbig rainbow, which I have only ever seen. It was so huge and so bright, and it amazed me so much that I immediately had a desire to urgently find out: “How does such a miracle happen?”.
How does a rainbow appear in nature?
It’s good that great minds once asked this question, and now they don’t have to rack their brains over this task. And we, unlike the ancient Indians, already know that rainbow- not a road leading to another world, but a simple physical phenomenon. Science explains the process this way: a rainbow is refraction of light and its reflection indrops of water, which contributes to the appearance of a spectral arc.
Soap bubble as a visual explanation
Soap bubble. It is transparent, just like a drop of water. The light fell on him, or rather - light beam. In this ray there is many colors, which are not visible to us. But as soon as the ray collides with the surface of the bubble, it seems will split into waves, some of which will be repelled from it, and some will penetrate inside the bubble. Then these two parts will meet. And then an almost life-like situation will happen: if their characters coincide, then the waves will strengthen each other, become brighter, if they do not coincide, they will weaken and fade. As a result of this tandem patterns and multi-colored rays are formed. Here's a rainbow for you.
Light plays in the same way with drops in the air, and as a result we we see a rainbow in the sky.
About rainbows beyond science
While wondering about the origin of the rainbow, I learned something else interesting:
- Rainbow became a prototype peace flag, authored by Aldo Capitini. During the Iraq War, the Italians hung rainbow flags from the balconies, thus expressing protest.
- Isaac Newton first identified only five colors of the rainbow. But later, wanting to draw a parallel between the colors of the spectrum and musical notes, he added blue and orange.
- Moonlight can also be refracted. The consequence of this process is lunar rainbow. The light of the moon is much weaker than the sun, so a person sees such a rainbow in the form white arc. But you can see all its colors by taking a photo with a DSLR camera using a long shutter speed.
- Most people are familiar with the saying from childhood: “Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits.” The abbreviation of which helps not to forget the sequence of the colors of the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet.
But there are many more between them transitional shades.
And yet, when you find explanations for such phenomena as rainbow, I want to quickly forget them and continue to believe in miracle. :)
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Red is the shortest wavelength, and violet- the longest in the visible spectrum. Passing through the boundary between air and water, each wavelength of light (color) changes its direction, but in different ways, each with its own angle of refraction. Due to the fact that the beam first enters the medium and the angle of refraction of each color is different, this is enhanced by the fact that the speed of passage through the medium is also different for each color. And when the ray leaves the medium and is refracted again, it already turns out to be 7 different rays.
Like this one white ray becomes seven rays of different colors.
This phenomenon of refraction and division of a ray into colors is called dispersion.
The rainbow is primary, when the light in the drop is reflected once, and secondary when light is reflected twice in a drop. In the secondary rainbow the order of colors is reversed - the outer color is violet, and in the primary rainbow it is red. This is a very beautiful and very rare natural phenomenon.
Double Rainbow
exists in nature a rainbow consisting of a first-order rainbow and a second-order rainbow. Between them there is a dark stripe, which is called the Alexander stripe, thanks to the philosopher who first described it in 200 BC - Alexander of Aphrodisias.
In laboratory conditions, scientists manage to obtain much larger number rainbows - three, four or more. But no one has ever seen more than two rainbows in nature.
Researchers
Rainbow phenomenon has interested people since the beginning of time. Indeed, it is difficult not to be interested in such a spectacle. There have been many beliefs associated with the rainbow, and until now, probably, every person, seeing a rainbow, feels it as a good omen.
The first to give a relatively accurate explanation of the rainbow phenomenon were Persian astronomer Qutb ad-din al-Shirazi (1236-1311). At about the same time, an explanation was given by German scientist Dieter of Freiburg. In 1611 he described his observations and gave physical explanations Mark Anthony de Dominis.
And yet, he gave the most complete explanation of the rainbow René Descartes in 1637. Later it Newton added in his treatise "Optics", explaining the reasons for the appearance of colors and the appearance of a rainbow of the first and second orders.
Nowadays, the question of how a rainbow appears is completely known and confirmed by numerous experiments. Based on this phenomenon and studies of other optical phenomena, scientists were able to draw many parallels and found rainbow-like natural phenomena , based on the same principle of refraction and separation of light.
Manifestations of dispersion in nature
- rainbow;
- Red sunset- this is the same decomposition of light into a spectrum due to different gas composition Earth's atmosphere;
- play of light in diamonds is also observed due to dispersion;
- rainbow on soap bubbles and oil films;
- halo(rainbow circular glow around the Sun or Moon, and also happens around street lamps).
We can observe all these natural phenomena under certain conditions - when there is light source and medium for its refraction. Little ones rainbows are constantly present in our lives - be it a laser disc or the beveled side of a mirror reflecting a rainbow.
Experience
Clearly see the process of turning light into a rainbow you can do it by doing a simple experiment. You need to take a transparent bowl, pour water into it, and put a mirror on the bottom. Having placed a sheet of white paper perpendicular to the table, you need to shine a flashlight at an angle on the mirror so that the reflection appears on the sheet of paper. There you will see a rainbow.
It is very useful to conduct this experiment with children, simultaneously telling them about the nature of this phenomenon.
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The answer is known: it is a multi-colored arc-shaped stripe that sometimes appears against the sky. A rainbow is an optical, atmospheric and weather phenomenon at the same time. It occurs when the air is saturated with tiny drops of water and light passes through them.
This happens after or during rain, fog, or in clear weather near a seething river, fountain, or sprinkler.
Why is the rainbow colored?
A rainbow is made up of rays of light. Where do their colors come from? We see the light as white. In fact, sunlight is made up of particles that vibrate at different frequencies. Our brain (thanks to our eyes) distinguishes it like colors. For example, we perceive rays with a high vibration frequency as red, and those with a low vibration frequency as violet. In the general flow, rays of different frequencies are mixed, and the light appears white.
When it passes through drops of water hanging in the air, it changes direction - it is refracted. Moreover, its different rays are refracted at different angles: red ones at a small angle, and, say, violet ones at a large angle. And at the exit from the droplets, the “white” light breaks up into a spectrum - rays with different colors. We see them as a rainbow.
A similar picture is obtained when a film of gasoline on a puddle or a soap bubble shimmers in different colors.
Why is a rainbow not always visible after rain?
For a visible rainbow to appear, the flow of light must be strong enough. You won't see a rainbow in cloudy weather. 
In this case, the light should be in front of the eyes, and not behind the head. Usually some people see a rainbow, while others - at the same time as the first - do not see it. Why? If the sun is with your back, then you will see the light before it passes through the drops and begins to play in the spectrum.
When the sun is too high, its rays do not reach the eyes after refraction. The higher the sun, the smaller the arc of the rainbow. Therefore, a rainbow is not visible at noon, but is more often observed in the morning or in the evening.
But when you go up (for example, up the stairs), more and more light rays enter your eyes, and the rainbow grows. And the passengers of a flying airliner see through the windows not a rainbow arc, but a full circle!
How many colors are there in a rainbow?
No need to smile - the question is not as stupid as it seems.
Of course, we are used to the fact that there are seven colors, but this is a tribute to tradition. It comes from Isaac Newton. In experiments, he showed where the spectrum comes from. The great scientist counted five colors in the rainbow - red, yellow, green, blue and violet. However, he didn’t really like the figure.
Seven was considered a magical number (seven days of the week, seven wonders of the world, seventh heaven, seven deadly sins, etc.). “Taking a closer look” at the rainbow, Newton added two shades to the spectrum - orange and indigo (blue-violet), and there were seven colors. 
But the ancient Russians were sure that there were only four colors in it - red, blue, green and crimson. The Japanese see the rainbow as six colors - they consider green to be a variety of blue. In short, different nations the number of rainbow colors ranges from nine to two (light and dark).
There is no point in asking how many there really are - the colors of the spectrum imperceptibly transform into each other and it can be conditionally divided into as many bands as you like.
How to remember the order of colors in a rainbow?
Well, it's quite easy. We remember them by the first letters of the words in a simple phrase: “Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits”(red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet). There is also a modern version: “Every designer wants to know where to download Photoshop.”
The British have a shorter phrase about “pheasant”: Run off you girls – boys in view(“Run, girls – the boys have appeared”).
There is a more serious option: Richard of York gave battle in vain(“Richard of York fought in vain”). Pay attention to the set of colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet - the British kept “indigo”! What can you do, in their language blue and blue colors are designated the same.
How to get a rainbow at home?
You will not be able to see a full-fledged rainbow from floor to ceiling. But still…
1.
Take a CD, place it in sunlight and change the angle. So it is not difficult to get bright rainbow spots, stripes or a circle along its edge on the disk. 
2.
On a sunny day, place a bowl of water on a windowsill or window table. Place a mirror at the bottom. Taking it in your hand, move it and the mirror so that a stream of rays reflected by the mirror hits the paper. The light from it, passing through a layer of water, will decompose into a spectrum. A piece of the rainbow will appear on the paper.
