1 Area of application of bricks

This standard applies to ceramic bricks and stones (hereinafter referred to as products) used for masonry and cladding of load-bearing, self-supporting and non-load-bearing walls and other elements of buildings and structures, as well as clinker bricks used for laying foundations, vaults, walls subject to heavy loads, and bricks for external masonry of chimneys, industrial and household furnaces.

This standard establishes technical requirements, acceptance rules, and test methods for products.

This standard does not apply to bricks for paving roads, bricks for laying the inner surface of chimneys and industrial furnaces, fire-resistant and acid-resistant bricks.

2 Regulatory references in GOST for bricks

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 166–89 (ISO 3599–76) Calipers. Specifications

GOST 427–75 Metal measuring rulers. Specifications

GOST 473.1-81 Chemical-resistant and heat-resistant ceramic products. Method for determining acid resistance

GOST 3749–77 Test squares 90º. Specifications

GOST 7025–91 Ceramic and silicate bricks and stones. Methods for determining water absorption, density and frost resistance control

GOST 8462–85 Wall materials. Methods for determining compressive and bending strengths

GOST 14192–96 Marking of cargo

GOST 18343–80 Pallets for bricks and ceramic stones. Specifications

GOST 25706–83 Magnifiers. Types, basic parameters. General technical requirements

GOST 26254–84 Buildings and structures. Methods for determining the heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures

GOST 30108–94 Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides

GOST 30244–94 Construction materials. Flammability test methods

Note – When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards on the territory of the state using the corresponding index of standards and classifiers compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference to it is given applies to the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Terms and definitions of brick

The following terms with corresponding definitions are used in this standard:

3.1 brick: Ceramic piece product intended for laying masonry on mortars.

3.2 normal format brick (single): Product in the form rectangular parallelepiped nominal dimensions 250×120×65 mm.

3.3 stone: Large-format hollow ceramic product with a nominal thickness of 140 mm or more, intended for masonry.

3.4 solid brick: A product in which there are no voids or with a void content of no more than 13%.

3.5 hollow brick: Product having voids various shapes and sizes.

3.6 shaped brick: A product having a shape different from the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.

3.7 additional element: A specially shaped product designed to complete the masonry.

3.8 clinker brick: A product that has high strength and low water absorption, ensuring the performance characteristics of masonry in a highly aggressive environment and performing the functions of a decorative material.

3.9 facing brick: A product that provides the performance characteristics of masonry and performs the functions of a decorative material.

3.10 ordinary brick: A product that ensures the performance characteristics of masonry.

3.11 stone with tongue-and-groove system: Products with protrusions on vertical edges for tongue-and-groove connection of stones in masonry without the use of masonry mortar in vertical joints.

3.12 working size (width) of the stone: The size of the product between smooth vertical edges (without protrusions for tongue-and-groove joints), which forms the thickness of the wall when laid in one stone.

3.13 non-working size (length) of stone: The size of the product between the vertical edges with protrusions for a tongue-and-groove connection, which forms the length of the wall during masonry.

3.14 bed: The working edge of the product, located parallel to the base of the masonry (see Figure 1).

3.15 spoons: The largest edge of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see Figure 1).

3.16 poke: The smallest edge of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see Figure 1).

3.17 voids: The proportion of voids in the volume of a brick, expressed as a percentage.

3.18 crack: A rupture of a brick without breaking it into pieces, with an opening width of more than 0.5 mm.

3.19 through crack: A crack passing through the entire thickness of the brick, extending more than half the width of the product.

3.20 notching: A crack with an opening width of no more than 0.5 mm.

3.21 broken: Mechanical damage to the edge, edge, corner of a brick.

3.22 spalling: A brick defect caused by the presence of carbonate or other inclusions (see Appendix B).

3.23 peeling: Destruction of a brick in the form of detachment of thin plates from its surface (see Appendix B).

3.24 spalling: Shedding of fragments of the brick surface (see Appendix B).

3.25 cracking: The appearance or increase in the size of a crack after exposure to alternating temperatures (see Appendix B).

3.26 polovnyak: Two parts of a brick formed when it is split. a brick with through cracks is classified as polovnyak.

3.27 contact spot: A section of the surface of a brick, different in color, that appears during the drying or firing process and does not affect the characteristics of the brick.

3.28 efflorescence: Water-soluble salts that come out on the surface of baked bricks upon contact with moisture.

3.29 black core: An area inside a brick caused by the formation of iron (II) oxide during the firing process of the brick.

3.30 unprotected masonry: Masonry that is not protected from external atmospheric influences and water penetration under operating conditions.

3.31 protected masonry: Masonry protected from water penetration (internal wall, internal part of a double-layer wall, external wall protected by a layer of plaster or cladding) under operating conditions.

3.32 masonry in a highly aggressive environment: Masonry that is subject to constant saturation with water under operating conditions as a result of exposure to a combination of unfavorable natural and (or) artificial factors (soil or wastewater, climatic conditions) and at the same time frequent freezing and thawing in the absence of effective protection.

3.33 masonry in a moderately aggressive environment: Masonry that is subject to periodic exposure to moisture and alternate freezing and thawing under operating conditions, but does not relate to masonry in a highly aggressive environment.

3.34 masonry in a non-aggressive environment: Masonry that is not exposed to moisture and alternating freezing and thawing under operating conditions.

4 Classification, main dimensions of bricks and symbols according to GOST 530-2012 ceramic brick and stone

4.1 Classification

4.1.1 bricks are divided into ordinary and facing. Stone with tongue-and-groove and tongue-and-groove joints can only be ordinary.

4.1.2 Brick is made solid and hollow, stone - only hollow. The stone can be made with flat vertical edges, with protrusions for tongue-and-groove joints on the vertical edges, with an unpolished or polished supporting surface (bed).

The voids in the brick can be located perpendicular (vertical) or parallel to the bed (horizontal).

4.1.3 Based on compressive strength, bricks are divided into grades: M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; clinker brick – M300, M400, M500, M600, M800, M1000; stones – M25, M35, M50, M75, M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; brick and stone with horizontal voids - M25, M35, M50, M75, M100.

4.1.4 Based on frost resistance, bricks are divided into grades F25, F35, F50, F75, F100, F200, F300.

4.1.5 Based on average density, bricks are divided into classes: 0.7; 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 2.0; 2.4.

4.1.6 Based on thermal characteristics, bricks, depending on the average density class, are divided into groups in accordance with Table 1.

4.2 Main dimensions

4.2.1 Bricks are made with nominal dimensions given in tables 2 and 3.

Notes

1 By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, it is allowed to manufacture additional products and products of other nominal sizes, while the maximum deviations of dimensions should not exceed the values given in 4.2.2. The thickness of the products should be a multiple of the thickness of the brick plus 12 mm - the bed seam.

2 The designation of the size (format) of bricks is defined as the ratio of the volume of the product in cubic meters to the volume of a brick of a normal format of 0.00195 m3, with the value rounded to one decimal place.

3 Size designations for polished stones are given in parentheses.

4.2.2 Maximum deviations from nominal dimensions should not exceed on one product, mm:

By lenght:

brick and stone without tongue-and-groove connection………± 4,

stone with tongue-and-groove connection……………………± 10;

Width:

brick, stone with a width of no more than 120 mm…………………± 3,

stones more than 120 mm wide…………………………… ……± 5;

By thickness:

facing bricks…………………………………………………………….± 2,

ordinary bricks……………………………………………………………± 3,

stone……………………………………………………………………± 4.

4.2.3 Deviation from perpendicularity of adjacent edges of products is not allowed more than:

3 mm – for brick and stone up to 300 mm long;

1.4% of the length of any facet – for a stone with a length or width of over 300 mm.

4.2.4 Deviation from the flatness of product edges is not allowed more than:

3 mm – for brick and stone;

1 mm – for polished stone.

4.2.5 The thickness of the outer walls of hollow bricks must be at least 12 mm, stone - at least 8 mm.

The radius of rounding the corner of vertical adjacent edges should be no more than 15 mm, the chamfer depth on horizontal edges should be no more than 3 mm.

The dimensions and number of protrusions of the tongue-and-groove connection are not regulated.

The diameter of vertical cylindrical voids and the side size of square voids should be no more than 20 mm, the width of slot-like voids should be no more than 16 mm.

The void size of products with a void content of no more than 13% is not regulated.

The dimensions of horizontal voids are not regulated.

For stone, voids are allowed (for gripping during laying) with a total cross-sectional area not exceeding 13% of the area of the stone bed.

4.3 Symbols

4.3.1 The symbol of ceramic products must consist of a designation of the type of product in accordance with tables 2 and 3; letters p - for ordinary, l - for front, kl - for clinker, pg - for stones with a tongue-and-groove system, w - for polished stones; designations for brick size - in accordance with Table 2, nominal dimensions of stone - in accordance with Table 3, working size for stone with a tongue-and-groove system - in accordance with Table 3, designations: according to - for solid bricks, pu - for hollow bricks, grades according to strength, medium density class; frost resistance grades and designations of this standard.

Examples of symbols:

Ordinary (face) brick, solid, dimensions 250×120×65 mm, format 1NF, strength grade M200, average density class 2.0, frost resistance grade F50:

KR-r-po (KR-l-po) 250×120×65/1NF/200/2.0/50/GOST 530 –2012

Clinker brick, solid (hollow), dimensions 250×120×65 mm, format 1NF, strength grade M500, average density class 2.0, frost resistance grade F100:

KR-kl-po (KR-kl-pu) 250×120×65/1NF/500/2.0/100/GOST 530–2012.

Ordinary brick with horizontal arrangement of voids (face), dimensions 250×120×88 mm, format 1.4NF, strength grade M75, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

KRG-r (KRG-l) 250×120×88 /1.4NF/75/1.4/50/ GOST 530–2012.

Ordinary stone (face), dimensions 250×120×140 mm, format 2.1NF, strength grade M200, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

KM-r (KM-l) 250×120×140/2.1NF/200/1.4/50/GOST 530–2012.

Stone with a tongue-and-groove joint (polished), working size 510 mm, format 14.3NF, strength grade M100, average density class 0.8, frost resistance grade F35:

KM-pg (KM-pg-sh) 510 mm/14.3NF/100/0.8/35/GOST 530–2012.

Additional stone with tongue-and-groove joint (polished), working size 250, half format 10.7 NF, strength grade M100, average density class 0.8, frost resistance grade F35:

KMD-pg (KMD-pg-sh) 250 mm /P10.7NF/100/0.8/35/GOST 530–2012.

Additional stone (polished), working size 250, format 5.2 NF, strength grade M100, average density class 0.8, frost resistance grade F35:

KMD (KMD-sh) 250 mm /5.2 NF/100/0.8/35/GOST 530 –2012.

4.3.2 It is allowed to enter into the symbol Additional information.

When carrying out export-import operations, the product designation may be specified in the contract for the supply of products (including entering additional alphanumeric or other information)

5 Technical requirements for bricks according to GOST 530-2012 ceramic brick and stone

Products must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

5.1 Appearance of brick

5.1.1 Front products must have at least two front edges - spoon and butt. The color and type of the front edge are established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer and are specified in the delivery document.

Ordinary bricks are made with smooth or embossed vertical edges.

Facing bricks and stones are made according to the type of front surface:

With a smooth and textured surface;

With a surface textured by shotcrete, engobing, glazing, two-layer molding or other means.

Bricks can be natural colors or 3D painted.

5.1.2 Single intumescent (for example, lime) inclusions with a depth of no more than 3 mm and a total area of no more than 0.2% of the area of the front edges are allowed on front products.

On ordinary products, intumescent inclusions with a total area of no more than 1.0% of the area of the vertical edges of the product are allowed.

5.1.3 Efflorescence is not allowed on facing and clinker bricks.

5.1.4 Defects appearance products whose dimensions and number exceed the values specified in table 4 are not allowed.

Notes

1. Broken edges less than 3 mm deep are not considered to be defective.

2. Cracks in the inter-cavity partitions, breaks and cracks in the elements of the tongue-and-groove connection are not a defect.

3. For front products, defects on the front edges are indicated.

5.1.5 Products are allowed to have a black core and contact spots on the surface.

5.1.6 A batch is not allowed to contain more than 5% of the batch volume.

5.2 Characteristics

5.2.1 The average density of brick and stone, depending on the average density class, must correspond to the values given in Table 5.

The deviation of a single value of average density (for one sample out of five) is allowed no more than:

50 kg/m³ - for classes 0.7; 0.8 and 1.0;

100 kg/m³ - for other classes.

5.2.2 Thermal characteristics of products are assessed by the thermal conductivity coefficient of the masonry in a dry state. The thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry in a dry state, depending on the group of products according to thermal characteristics, is given in Table 6.

Notes

1 Thermal conductivity coefficient values are given for masonry with a minimum sufficient amount of masonry mortar. The value of the thermal conductivity coefficient, taking into account the actual consumption of the solution, is established in the design or technical documentation (building codes and regulations, etc.) based on tests or calculations.

2 Thermal characteristics of solid (conditional) masonry are given in Appendix D.

5.2.3 The strength grade of brick is determined by the values of the compressive and bending strength limits, of bricks with horizontal voids and stone - by the value of the compressive strength limit. The compressive and bending strength values must be no less than the values indicated in Table 7.

5.2.4 Water absorption of products must be:

No more than 6.0% - for clinker bricks;

Not less than 6.0% for other products.

5.2.5 The rate of initial water absorption by the supporting surface (bed) of products must be no less than 0.10 kg/(m2 min) and no more than 3.00 kg/(m2 min) - facial products, ordinary products - without limiting the maximum meanings.

5.2.6 The acid resistance of clinker bricks must be at least 95%.

5.2.7 Brick and stone must be frost-resistant and, depending on the brand of frost resistance, in a water-saturated state, must withstand without any visible signs of damage or destruction (cracking, peeling, spalling, chipping, except for chipping from lime inclusions) - at least 25 ; 35; 50; 75; 100; 200 or 300 cycles of alternating freezing and thawing.

Types of damage to products after testing for frost resistance are given in Appendix B.

The frost resistance grade of clinker bricks must be no lower than F75, and that of facing products – no lower than F50. It is allowed, by agreement with the consumer, to supply face products of frost resistance grade F35.

5.2.8 Ceramic products are non-flammable building materials in accordance with GOST 30244.

5.2.9 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff in products should be no more than 370 Bq/kg.

5.3 Requirements for raw materials and materials

Clay raw materials, siliceous rocks (tripoli, diatomite), loess, industrial waste(coal waste, ash, etc.), mineral and organic additives must comply with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documentation for them.

5.4 Marking

5.4.1 Apply to the non-facial surface of the brick during the manufacturing process in any way trademark or the short name of the manufacturer.

5.4.2 Marking is applied to each packaging unit. One packaging unit must contain at least 20% of identifiable products. The marking may be applied directly to the packaging or to a label that is affixed to the packaging, or to a label attached to the packaging in a manner that ensures its safety during transportation.

The brick marking must contain:

Name of the manufacturer (and/or its trademark) and address;

Product designation;

Batch number and date of manufacture;

Number of bricks in a packaging unit, pcs. (kg);

Weight of the packaging unit, kg;

Mark of conformity for the supply of certified products (if provided for by the certification system).

5.4.3 The manufacturer has the right to put additional information on the packaging that does not contradict the requirements of this standard and allows identifying the product and its manufacturer.

5.4.4 Each package (transport package) must have transport markings in accordance with GOST 14192.

5.5 Packaging

5.5.1 Products must be placed on a pallet in a way that ensures the safety of the packaging unit during storage and transportation.

5.5.2 Stacked products must be packaged in shrink or stretch film or other materials that ensure the safety of the products.

5.5.3 One packaging unit must contain products of the same symbol.

5.5.4 By agreement with the consumer, other types of packaging are allowed to ensure the safety of products during transportation.

6 Rules for acceptance of bricks according to GOST 530-2012 ceramic brick and stone

6.1 Bricks must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.

6.2 Bricks are accepted in batches. The batch size is set at no more than the daily output of one furnace.

When accepting bricks by the consumer, a batch is considered to be products shipped under a specific contract (order), or products in the amount of one vehicle, issued by one quality document.

6.3 The batch must consist of products of the same symbol.

6.4 The quality of bricks is ensured by:

Incoming control of raw materials and materials;

Operational production (technological) control.

The quality of products is confirmed by acceptance control of finished products. Acceptance control includes acceptance and periodic tests.

6.5 To carry out tests by random selection from different places batches select bricks (samples) in accordance with Table 8.

Selected bricks are checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard in terms of appearance, size and correctness of shape, and then tested.

Periodic tests on indicators of water absorption, the rate of initial water absorption, acid resistance, the presence of efflorescence and frost resistance of products are also carried out when raw materials and technological parameters change; by the presence of lime inclusions - when the content of inclusions in clay raw materials changes. The results of periodic tests are applied to all bricks supplied in batches until the next periodic tests are carried out.

6.6 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff is monitored during incoming control according to the documents of the enterprise supplier of raw materials. In the absence of data from the supplier company on the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, testing of products for this indicator should be carried out at least once a year in accredited testing laboratories, as well as when changing the supplier of raw materials.

6.7 Thermal characteristics of solid masonry are determined when the product is put into production.

6.8 The batch is accepted if, when checking the size and correctness of the shape of products selected from the batch, only one product does not meet the requirements of this standard. The batch is not subject to acceptance if two of the products selected from the batch do not meet the requirements of this standard.

6.9 If, when testing products according to the indicators given in Table 8 (except for indicators of appearance, size, correctness of shape and frost resistance), unsatisfactory results are obtained, repeat testing of products according to this indicator is carried out on a double number of samples taken from this batch.

The batch is accepted if the results of repeated tests meet all the requirements of this standard; if they do not match, the batch will not be accepted.

6.10 When testing products by the consumer, during inspection control and certification tests, sampling and assessment of control results are carried out in accordance with the requirements of this section, using control methods in accordance with section 7.

In controversial cases, a control check is carried out in the presence of a representative of the manufacturer. The list of controlled parameters is established in agreement with the inspection participants.

6.11 Each batch of supplied bricks must be accompanied by a quality document indicating:

Name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark;

Name and symbol of the product;

Number and date of issue of the document;

Batch number;

Number (weight) of products in a batch, pcs. (kg);

Strength grade, medium density grade, frost resistance grade;

Emptiness;

Water absorption;

Rate of initial water absorption;

Acid resistance (for clinker bricks);

Thermal Efficiency Group;

Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff.

During export-import operations, the content of the accompanying quality document is specified in a specific contract for the supply of products.

7 Test methods for bricks according to GOST 530-2012 ceramic brick and stone

7.1 Test methods for incoming quality control of raw materials and materials are indicated in the technological documentation for the manufacture of products, taking into account the requirements of regulatory documents for these raw materials and materials.

7.2 Test methods for conducting production operational control are established in the technological documentation for the manufacture of products.

7.3 Determination of geometric dimensions

7.3.1 The dimensions of products, the thickness of the outer walls, the diameter of cylindrical voids, the dimensions of square and the width of slot-like voids, the length of the cuts, the length of the broken edges, the radius of curvature of adjacent faces and the depth of the chamfer on the ribs are measured with a metal ruler in accordance with GOST 427 or with a caliper in accordance with GOST 166. Accuracy measurements - ± 1 mm.

7.3.2 The length, width and thickness of each brick are measured at the edges (at a distance of 15 mm from the corner) and in the middle of the edges of opposite faces. The arithmetic mean of three measurements is taken as the measurement result.

7.3.3 The thickness of the outer walls of a hollow product is measured in at least three places on each outer wall. The smallest value is taken as the measurement result.

The dimensions of the voids are measured inside the voids in at least three voids. The greatest value is taken as the measurement result.

7.3.4 The width of the cracks is measured using a measuring lens in accordance with GOST 25706, after which the brick is checked for compliance with the requirements of 5.2.4. Measurement error - ± 1 mm.

7.3.5 The depth of broken corners and edges is measured using a square in accordance with GOST 3749 and a ruler in accordance with GOST 427 along the perpendicular from the top of the corner or edge formed by the square to the damaged surface. Measurement error - ± 1 mm.

7.4 Determining the correct form

7.4.1 Deviation from the perpendicularity of the faces is determined by applying a square to adjacent faces of the brick and measuring with a metal ruler in accordance with GOST 427 the largest gap between the square and the edge. Measurement error - ± 1 mm.

The greatest of all obtained measurement results is taken as the measurement result.

7.4.2 Deviation from the flatness of the brick is determined by applying one side of the metal square to the edge of the product, and the other along each diagonal of the edge and measuring with a feeler gauge, calibrated in the prescribed manner, or a metal ruler in accordance with GOST 427, the largest gap between the surface and the edge of the square. Measurement error - ± 1 mm.

The greatest of all obtained measurement results is taken as the measurement result.

7.5 The presence of lime inclusions is determined after steaming the brick in a vessel.

Samples that have not previously been exposed to moisture are placed on a grid placed in a vessel with a lid. The water poured under the grate is heated to a boil. Steaming is continued for 1 hour. The samples are then cooled in a closed vessel for 4 hours, after which they are checked for compliance with the requirements of 5.2.2.

7.6 The hollowness of bricks is defined as the ratio of the volume of sand filling the voids of the product to the volume of the product.

The voids of the brick, lying on a sheet of paper on a flat surface with the holes facing up, are filled with dry quartz sand of fractions 0.5 - 1.0 mm. The product is removed, the sand is poured into a glass measuring cylinder and its volume is recorded. The hollowness of the product P, %, is calculated using the formula. The arithmetic mean of three parallel determinations is taken as the test result and rounded to 1%.

7.7 Determination of the rate of initial water absorption

7.7.1 Sample preparation

The sample is a complete product, from the surface of which dust and excess material have been removed. The samples are dried to constant weight at (105 ± 5) °C and cooled to room temperature.

7.7.2 Equipment

A water container with a base area larger than the bed of the product and a height of at least 20 mm, with a grate or ribs on the bottom to create a distance between the bottom and the surface of the product. The water level in the container must be maintained constant.

Stopwatch with 1 s division.

Drying cabinet with automatic temperature maintenance (105 ± 5) °C.

Scales providing measurement accuracy of at least 0.1% of the mass of a dry sample.

7.7.3 Test performance

The sample is weighed, the length and width of the supporting surface immersed in a container of water is measured, and its area is calculated. The product is immersed in a container of water with a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C to a depth of (5 ± 1) mm and kept for (60 ± 2) s. Then the test brick sample is removed from the water and removed excess water and weighed.

7.7.4 Processing results

The rate of initial absorption Sabs, kg/(m2·min), is calculated for each sample with an accuracy of 0.1 kg/(m2·min) according to the formula. The rate of initial water absorption is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the results of five parallel determinations.

7.8 Determination of the presence of efflorescence

To determine the presence of efflorescence, bricks are split into two approximately identical halves, one of which is immersed with the broken edge into a container filled with distilled water to a depth of 1–2 cm, and kept for 7 days (the water level in the container must be maintained constant). After 7 days, half of the product is dried in an oven at a temperature of (105 ± 5) ºС to constant weight, and then compared with the second half, which was not tested, checking for compliance with 5.1.3.

7.9 The bending strength of bricks is determined according to GOST 8462.

7.10 The compressive strength of products is determined according to GOST 8462 with the following additions.

7.10.1 Sample preparation

Samples are tested in an air-dry state. When testing bricks, the test sample is made up of two whole bricks laid on top of each other. When testing stones, one stone is used as a sample.

The preparation of the supporting surfaces of products for acceptance tests is carried out by grinding; for samples made of clinker bricks, leveling with cement mortar is used; during arbitration tests of brick and stone, grinding is used; for clinker bricks, leveling with cement mortar prepared according to 2.6 of GOST 8462 is used. When conducting acceptance tests, it is allowed to use other methods for leveling the supporting surfaces of samples, provided that there is a correlation between the results obtained during in different ways alignment of the supporting surface, as well as the availability of verification of information that is the basis for such communication.

The deviation from the flatness of the supporting surfaces of the test specimens should not exceed 0.1 mm for every 100 mm of length. The non-parallelism of the supporting surfaces of the tested samples (the difference in height values measured along four vertical ribs) should be no more than 2 mm.

The test sample is measured along the center lines of the supporting surfaces with an error of up to ± 1 mm.

Axial lines are applied to the side surfaces of the sample.

7.10.2 Test performance

The sample is placed in the center of the base plate of the compression testing machine, aligning the geometric axes of the sample and the plate, and is pressed against the top plate of the machine. During testing, the load on the sample should increase as follows: until approximately half the expected value of the breaking load is reached - arbitrarily, after which the loading rate is maintained such that the destruction of the sample occurs no earlier than after 1 minute. The breaking load value is recorded.

7.10.3 Compressive strength of brick Rcom, MPa (kgf/cm2), calculated by the formula

where P is the highest load established when testing the sample, N (kgf);

F is the cross-sectional area of the sample (without deducting the area of voids); You calculated as the arithmetic mean of the areas of the upperand bottom surfaces, mm2 (cm2).

The value of the compressive strength of samples is calculated with an accuracy of 0.1 MPa (1 kgf) as the arithmetic mean value of the test results for the number of samples established by 6.5.

7.11 The average density, water absorption and frost resistance (volume freezing method) of products are determined in accordance with GOST 7025.

The result of determining the average density of products is rounded to 10 kg/m3.

Water absorption is determined by saturating the samples with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) ºС at atmospheric pressure.

Frost resistance is determined by volumetric freezing. The degree of damage to all samples is assessed every five freeze-thaw cycles.

7.12 The acid resistance of clinker bricks is determined in accordance with GOST 473.1.

7.13 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff is determined according to GOST 30108.

7.14 The thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry is determined according to GOST 26254 with the following additions.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of a brick is determined experimentally on a fragment of masonry, which, taking into account the mortar joints, is made with a thickness of one bonded and one treaded row of bricks or stones. The masonry of enlarged stones is made one stone thick. The length and height of the masonry must be at least 1.5 m (see Figure 2). The masonry is carried out using a complex mortar of grade 50, with an average density of 1800 kg/m3, composition 1.0:0.9:8.0 (cement:lime:sand) by volume, using Portland cement grade 400 with a cone slump for solid products of 12–13 cm, for hollow ones - 9 cm. It is allowed to make a fragment of masonry different from that indicated above, using other solutions, the composition of which is indicated in the test report.

A fragment of brick masonry with through voids should be made using a technology that excludes filling the voids with masonry mortar or with filling the voids with mortar, which is recorded in the test report. The masonry is carried out in the opening of a climatic chamber with a device along the thermal insulation contour made of slab insulation; The thermal resistance of thermal insulation must be at least 1.0 m2 °C/W. After making a fragment of masonry, its outer and inner surfaces are rubbed with a plaster solution with a thickness of no more than 5 mm and a density corresponding to the density of the tested products, but not more than 1400 and not less than 800 kg/m3.

The masonry fragment is tested in two stages:

Stage 1 – the masonry is kept and dried for at least two weeks to a moisture content of no more than 6%;

Stage 2 – additional drying of the masonry is carried out to a moisture content of 1% -3%.

The moisture content of bricks in masonry is determined by non-destructive testing devices. Tests in the chamber are carried out at a temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the masonry ³ 40 °C, temperature in the warm zone of the chamber = 18 °C - 20 °C, relative humidity air (40 ± 5)%. It is allowed to reduce the holding time of the masonry provided that the outer surface is blown and the inner surface of the fragment is heated with tubular electric heaters (TEH), spotlights, etc. to a temperature of 35 °C - 40 °C.

Before testing, at least five thermocouples are installed on the outer and inner surfaces of the masonry in the central zone in accordance with the current regulatory document. Additionally, heat meters are installed on the inner surface of the masonry in accordance with the current regulatory document. Thermocouples and heat meters are installed so that they cover the surface areas of the tray and bonded rows of masonry, as well as horizontal and vertical mortar joints. Thermal parameters are recorded after the onset of stationary thermal state laying no earlier than 72 hours after turning on the climate chamber. Parameters are measured at least three times with an interval of 2–3 hours.

8 Transportation and storage of bricks according to GOST 530-2012 ceramic bricks and stones

8.1 Products are transported by all modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for a particular type of transport.

8.2 Transportation of bricks and stones is carried out in packaged form.

Transport packages are formed at the warehouse site or directly on the production line on pallets in accordance with GOST 18343 measuring 1x1 m (980x980 mm) or technological containers of other sizes according to the technical documentation of the manufacturer.

8.3 The weight of one package should not exceed the rated load capacity of the pallet.

8.4 The technological documentation for the production of bricks provides a scheme for fastening products in a transport package, depending on the transportation distance and type of vehicle.

8.5 Formed transport packages must be stored in one tier in continuous stacks. It is allowed to install the package on top of each other no more than four tiers, provided that safety requirements are met.

8.6 The consumer must store bricks in accordance with the requirements of 8.5 and safety regulations.

8.7 Loading and unloading of pallets with bricks must be carried out mechanically using special lifting devices that ensure the safety of products and compliance with safety requirements during loading and unloading operations.

Loading products in bulk (throwing) and unloading them by dumping are not allowed.

9 Instructions for the use of bricks in accordance with GOST 530-2012 ceramic brick and stone

9.1 Brick and stone are used taking into account the requirements of current regulatory documents for design, work (building codes and regulations, codes of practice) and standards in accordance with design documentation for the construction of buildings and structures.

When using clinker bricks in project documentation it is necessary to take into account its physical and mechanical characteristics - high strength and frost resistance, low water absorption, increased resistance to aggressive external influences.

9.2 The type of products (brick, stone) for laying load-bearing, self-supporting and non-load-bearing structures, including for cladding building facades, density, strength grade and frost resistance are indicated in the working drawings.

9.3 Clinker bricks are used primarily for masonry and cladding in highly aggressive environments. In accordance with the requirements of design regulations, clinker bricks can be used in foundations and plinths of building walls, basements, for the construction of retaining walls, columns, parapets, for external walls of rooms with wet conditions, for use in sewerage systems, chimneys, ventilation ducts and etc. For clinker brick masonry, special masonry mortars are used for products with water absorption of no more than 6%.

The conditions for using products of other types are given in Table 9.

9.4 Reference values for the compressive strength of masonry made of brick and stone, manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard, are given in Tables B.1–B.2 of Appendix B.

Any builder, when carrying out repair work, should always be confident in the quality of the purchased building material. A lot depends on this: how long the service life of the constructed building will be, seismic resistance, possible loads on the building, etc.

IN last years Bricks began to be in great demand in construction. Due to its properties, this material helps to achieve durability, and unlike concrete structures, a brick building retains heat. Largely for this reason, this building material is used in the construction of residential buildings.

But this is provided that all technical characteristics are met during the production of bricks. The production of any construction product has its own standard called GOST. What is the state standard for ceramic brick 530 2012?

A number of advantages of brick include:

the material can be used in various areas of construction: laying walls, fireplaces, stoves and other things;
affordable price for the product;
thanks to different shapes and types of brick can be used to decorate the external facade of a building.

Required documents for ceramic bricks

When choosing a building material, the buyer must make sure that bricks comply with generally accepted technical standards. For this, there are special documents that contain all the necessary information in detail:

certificate of technical conditions or specifications;
GOST certificate.

If the manufacturer has all the documents that the buyer can review, you can be confident in the quality of the purchased building material.

What should be included in the content of the document? Any manufacturer issues a technical certificate based on the following points:

technological production process bricks It should indicate here what is included in the mixture, as well as a scheme for manufacturing the material;
product safety, that no radioactive substances were used in its manufacture and the brick is safe and environmentally friendly;
environmental friendliness of the material guarantees protection environment and will not harm her;
production control of product quality and reception procedures. This describes what kind of testing only the manufactured bricks undergo to evaluate their quality;
technical data on how the material must be transported and stored;
in what areas it can be used;
manufacturer's warranty.

Pay attention to general rules Upon drawing up the document, the manufacturer has the right to independently draw up this document and, at his own discretion, indicate the characteristics of the brick.

Therefore, there is no guarantee that the manufactured ceramic bricks comply with the standards. To be on the safe side, the buyer must make sure that the manufacturer has a GOST certificate.

This document is issued after a thorough examination of the produced material in specialized laboratories for a period of three years.

By carefully studying the GOST certificate, make sure that it is issued specifically for the products you need. The first three digits indicate the name of the product, the rest indicate the year in which the document was issued.

Meets the requirements that accepted in 2012. And it looks like this.

document number and its validity period;
name of the body that certified the product;
a complete listing of the products that have been studied with full descriptions and technical characteristics;
what exact requirements do ceramic bricks meet according to GOST;
full name of the product manufacturer;
to whom this document is issued;
description of the documents on the basis of which the certificate was issued, research protocols;
seal and signature of the responsible person.

The above-mentioned standard has been applied since 2013 and includes the following building materials:

ceramic stones and bricks used for the construction of building walls and façade decoration;

clinker bricks are used in the construction of foundations and strengthening of walls on which significant loads are planned. size of red brick for the foundation;

kiln brick. its size.

Also, established standards divide bricks into characteristics:

purpose of the material. There are ordinary and facing bricks. The first is used when constructing walls with subsequent cladding with another material;

facing bricks are used only for finishing the external façade of walls. about this brick. The color and texture of brick building material does not matter;

the new GOST contains standards separately for solid and hollow characteristics;
technical characteristics of ceramic bricks GOST 530 2012 also include differences in compressive strength from M100-M300. This characteristic indicates the ability of the brick to withstand heavy loads;

the F number indicated in the document indicates resistance to sudden temperature changes and the number of cycles that the material can withstand from 25 to 300. But these numbers are not always the limit; some manufacturers, thanks to special technology, can achieve frost resistance of up to 1000 cycles;
The standard also specifies the density which every product must comply with. All brick is divided into a number of thermal groups. Their characteristics range from highly efficient, with a density of 0.7-0.8, to low-efficiency, with a density of 2.0-2.4;
It is necessary to match the dimensions of the brick. Only minimal retreat is allowed.

Here are some types:

– 250*120*65;

euro brick – 250*85*65;

thickened – 250*120*88;

modular single – 250*138*65.

The names of each side of the brick and its purpose with characteristics (spoon, poke, bed) are also described.

As for the weight of the product, there are no restrictions or standards here; everything is left to the discretion of the manufacturer, and depends on the materials used in production.

There are some requirements for the appearance of ceramic bricks. They can be of any color and type, this directly depends on the additives included in the mixture.

Its pros and cons. As for defects, there should be a minimum number of them, for example, the presence of cracks on the facing brick indicates a defect.

If we take into account ordinary bricks, then there can only be two of them, otherwise the quality of the future structure will be significantly reduced.

Certificate of compliance with GOST standard can be issued by any organization accredited by Gosstandart.

For more information about the characteristics of ceramic bricks, watch the video:

Basic standards GOST 530 2012

Here are the main provisions of the GOST characteristics for bricks.

The density of the stone largely depends on the density of the class to which the building material belongs.

0.7 – up to 700kg/m3;
0.8 – up to 800kg/m3;
1.0 – up to 1000k/gm3;
1.2 – up to 1200 kg/m3;
1.4 – up to 1400 kg/m3;
2.0 – up to 2000kg/m3;
2.4 – up to 2400 kg/m3.

Permissible deviations in product density for class: 0.7, 0.8, 1.0 no more than 50 kg/m3. For other classes no more than 100k/m3. As for the thermal conductivity characteristics, they are assessed by the masonry coefficients in dry mode. The strength grade of a brick depends on the possible compression and bending of the product.

The moisture absorption of ceramic bricks can only be within appropriate limits - no more than 6%. The initial water absorption of the product should be in the range from 0.10 kg (m2*min) to 3.00 kg (m2*min). As for the facing brick for the facade of the building, there are no restrictions.

A mandatory criterion for characterizing the quality of ceramic bricks should be the frost resistance of the material. The product must withstand low temperature even when completely saturated with water.

There should be no damage such as cracking, crumbling, peeling or chipping.

The coefficient depends on the values specified by the manufacturer from 25 to 300. Ceramics are recognized as a non-combustible material, so they must comply with this. The value of specific radionuclide activity should not exceed 370 Bkkg

Regarding the methods for testing the quality of ceramic bricks, they are also prescribed in GOST standards, and take into account a number of requirements that the tested specimen must withstand in order to meet the quality.

All test results are indicated in the relevant documents, which are submitted for making a conclusion on the quality of the brick being tested.

Here are some points:

compliance with the declared size: length, thickness, height;
if the product is hollow, then the correspondence of the dimensions of the voids is acceptable during production. To determine void size, at least three cavities are measured and the largest value is recorded.

Production and properties of technical bricks

In many ways, technical indicators of product quality depend on production methods, so it is worth paying attention to this point. Each manufacturer uses its own method for producing ceramic bricks.

There are two popular production methods:

plastic. When using this method, a plastic method of brick formation is used. Clay is used in production, the humidity of which should be no more than 30%. The brick is formed on special equipment, and then they are sent under a belt press;
When the pressing process is completed, the product is sent to a special oven for subsequent firing. This is how ceramic bricks are made;

semi-dry way. Here a press is used to shape the future brick. Clay is used as the raw material, whose moisture content should not be higher than 10%.

Classification – hollow and solid

When choosing ceramic bricks, you should decide what type you need. The buyer is offered a number of possible options to choose from:

solid brick GOST 530 2012. its size;

hollow brick GOST 530 2012.

So solid brick is a strong material, but has more weight. Therefore, the final structure will weigh significantly more than the same structure in the construction of which hollow building materials were used.

Weight characteristics are of great importance during construction. Therefore, more and more construction companies are using a version of hollow ceramic bricks during construction, with the same characteristics as solid ones.

Price offer

The availability of brick products makes this material more popular in the market than others. Many brick factories offer their products, so if you need to purchase a large batch of goods, you can contact the factory closest to you and place the appropriate order.

When a large batch of bricks is purchased, then Free shipping may be provided by the factory, please specify this moment before the purchase.

The price of the products depends on the type of ceramic brick you need. For example, facing material will cost much more than ordinary ordinary brick. facing brick size. The brand of brick also affects the cost, so high-quality products are more expensive than low-quality ones, by 30% on average.

The cost of the most inexpensive standard brick starts from 6 rubles. per unit, but it may vary depending on the region. its size. The price for facing will be from 15 rubles, if you purchase the most expensive imported one, the cost will be from 40 rubles per piece.

Conclusion

In recent years, the use of ceramic bricks in construction has become increasingly popular. All thanks to the environmentally friendly availability and durability of the material.

But do not forget that the quality of the product is of great importance when constructing a building, especially if it will subsequently be used as a residential or commercial premises. Where daily loads will be high.

So when buying ceramic bricks, make sure that the manufacturer has everything in stock Required documents to guarantee the quality of the product.

GOST 530-2007: Ceramic bricks and stones. General technical conditions (replaced by GOST 530-2012)

Date of introduction 01/03/2008

GOST 530-2007

UDC 691.421:006.354

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION,

METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION (MGS)

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION,

METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION (ISC)

INTERSTATE STANDARD

CERAMIC BRICKS AND STONES

General technical conditions

Ceramic bricks and stones. General specifications

MKS 91.100.15

Date of introduction - 2008-03-01

Preface

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and MSN 1.01-01-96 "System of interstate regulatory documents in construction. Basic provisions"

Standard information

1 DEVELOPED Open Joint Stock Company VNIISTROM named after. P.P. Budnikova, Russian society construction engineers (ROIS)

2 INTRODUCED Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 “Construction”

3 ACCEPTED Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (Protocol No. 31 of May 24, 2007)

Short name of the country according to MK (ISO 3166)004-97	Country code according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Abbreviated name of the body government controlled construction
		Ministry of Urban Development
Kazakhstan		Kazstroykomitet
Kyrgyzstan		State Agency for Architecture and Construction under the Government
		Agency for Construction and Territorial Development
		Rosstroy
Tajikistan		Agency for Construction and Architecture under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan
		Ministry of Construction, Architecture and Housing and Communal Services

4 This standard is in accordance with the European standard EN 771-1:2003 “Definitions concerning wall stones - Part 1: Brick” in terms of requirements for medium density and thermal performance properties

5 By Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated September 24, 2007 No. 248-st, the interstate standard GOST 530-2007 was put into effect as a national standard of the Russian Federation on March 1, 2008.

6 INSTEAD GOST 530-95, GOST 7484-78

Information on the entry into force (termination) of this standard is published in the “National Standards” index.

Information about changes to this standard is published in the index (catalog) “National Standards”, and the text of the changes is published in the information indexes “National Standards”. In case of revision or cancellation of this standard, the relevant information will be published in the information index “National Standards”

1 area of use

This standard applies to ceramic brick and stone (hereinafter referred to as products) used for masonry and cladding of load-bearing and self-supporting walls and other elements of buildings and structures, and establishes technical requirements, acceptance rules, and test methods for products. Solid brick is also used for laying foundations, the outer part of chimneys, industrial and household furnaces. Products can be used in other building structures, taking into account technical characteristics specified in this standard.

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 162-90 Vernier depth gauges. Specifications

GOST 427-75 Metal measuring rulers. Specifications

GOST 3749-77 Test squares 90°. Specifications

GOST 7025-91 Ceramic and silicate bricks and stones. Methods for determining water absorption, density and frost resistance control

GOST 8462-85 Wall materials. Methods for determining compressive and bending strengths

GOST 14192-96 Marking of cargo

GOST 18343-80 Pallets for bricks and ceramic stones. Specifications

GOST 25706-83 Magnifiers. Types, basic parameters. General technical requirements

GOST 26254-84 Buildings and structures. Methods for determining the heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures

GOST 30108-94 Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides

GOST 30244-94 Construction materials. Flammability test methods

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards and classifiers on the territory of the state using the corresponding index of standards and classifiers compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms with corresponding definitions are used in this standard:

3.1 brick: A ceramic piece designed for laying masonry.

3.2 normal format brick (single): The product has nominal dimensions of 250´120´65 mm.

3.3 stone: A large-sized hollow ceramic product intended for masonry installations.

3.4 solid brick: A brick in which there are no voids.

3.5 hollow brick: Brick having through voids of various shapes and sizes.

3.6 facing brick: A product that provides the performance characteristics of masonry and performs the functions of a decorative material.

3.7 ordinary brick: A product that ensures the performance characteristics of masonry.

3.8 bed: The working edge of the product, located parallel to the base of the masonry (see Figure 1).

3.9 spoons: The largest edge of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see Figure 1).

3.10 poke: The smallest edge of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see Figure 1).

1 - width; 2 - length; 3 - thickness; 4 - spoons; 5 - bed; 6 - poke

Figure 1 - Fragment of masonry

3.11 crack: Rupture of a product without breaking it into pieces.

3.12 through crack: A crack that runs through the entire thickness of the product and extends up to half or more of the width of the product.

3.13 cutting: A crack with an opening width of no more than 0.5 mm (see Appendix B).

3.14 brokenness: Mechanical damage to a face, edge, or corner of a product.

3.15 breakaway: A product defect caused by the presence of carbonate or other inclusions (see Appendix B).

3.16 peeling: Destruction of the product in the form of detachment of thin plates from its surface (see Appendix B).

3.17 chipping: Shedding of fragments of the surface of the product (see Appendix B).

3.18 cracking: The appearance or increase in the size of a crack after exposure to alternating temperatures (see Appendix B).

3.19 half: Two parts of a product formed when it is split. Products that have through cracks are classified as half.

3.20 contact patch: An area of the surface of a product that is different in color, which appears during the drying or firing process and does not affect the characteristics of the product.

3.21 efflorescence: Water-soluble salts that come out on the surface of a fired product upon contact with moisture.

3.22 black core: An area inside a product caused by the formation of ferrous oxide during the firing process.

4 Classification, dimensions and symbols

4.1 Classification

4.1.1 Products are divided into ordinary and facial.

Facing bricks and stones are made according to the type of front surface:

With a smooth and textured surface;

With a surface textured by shotcrete, engobing, glazing, two-layer molding, polymer coating or other means.

Facial products can be natural or 3D colored.

4.1.2 Brick is made solid and hollow, stone - only hollow.

Voids in products can be located perpendicular (vertical) or parallel to the bed (horizontal).

4.1.3 According to the strength of the product (except for large-format stone and brick and stone with horizontal voids) they are divided into grades M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; large-format stones - M35, M50, M75, M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; brick and stone with horizontal voids - M25, M35, M50, M75, M100.

4.1.4 Based on frost resistance, products are divided into grades F25, F35, F50, F75, F100.

4.1.5 Based on average density, products are divided into classes: 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 2.0.

4.1.6 Based on the thermal characteristics of the products, depending on the average density class, they are divided into groups in accordance with Table 1.

Table 1 - Product groups by thermal characteristics

4.2 Main dimensions

4.2.1 Products are manufactured with nominal dimensions given in Table 2.

Table 2 - Nominal dimensions of products

In millimeters

Product type	Designation	Nominal sizes	Designation
Product type	Designation		Designation
Normal format brick (single)
Brick "Euro"
Thickened brick
Single modular brick
Thickened brick with horizontal voids






Large format stone






Stone with horizontal voids
Note - By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, it is allowed to manufacture products of other nominal sizes, while the maximum deviations of dimensions should not exceed the values given in 4.2.4.

4.2.2 The thickness of the outer walls of hollow bricks and stones must be at least 12 mm, large-format stone - at least 10 mm.

4.2.3 The diameter of vertical cylindrical voids and the side size of square voids should be no more than 20 mm, and the width of slot-like voids should be no more than 16 mm.

The dimensions of horizontal voids are not regulated.

For stone, voids are allowed (for gripping during laying) with a cross-sectional area not exceeding 13% of the area of the stone bed.

4.2.4 Maximum deviations of nominal dimensions should not exceed on one product, mm:

By lenght:

brick and stone (except large-format stone) ± 4,

large-format stone ± 10;

Width:

brick and stone (except large-format stone) ± 3,

large-format stone ± 5;

By thickness:

facing bricks ± 2,

ordinary brick ± 3,

stone, incl. large format ± 4.

4.2.5 Deviation from perpendicularity of adjacent faces is not allowed more than:

3 mm - for brick and stone;

1.4% of the length of any facet - for large-format stone.

4.2.6 Deviation from the flatness of product edges of more than 3 mm is not allowed.

4.2.7 The symbol of ceramic products must consist of: name of the type of product, designation of the type of product in accordance with Table 2; letters P - for privates, L - for facial ones; size designations in accordance with table 2; designations: Po - for solid brick, Pu - for hollow brick; grades for strength and frost resistance; medium density class and designation of this standard.

Examples of symbols

Ordinary (face) brick, solid, single, size 1NF, strength grade M100, average density class 2.0, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KORPO (KOLPO) 1NF/100/2.0/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) brick, hollow, single, size 1 NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KORPu (KOLPu) 1NF/100/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) brick, hollow, thickened, size 1.4NF, strength grade M150, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KURPu (KULPu) 1.4NF/150/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

Bricks of modular sizes 1.3NF, strength grade M150, medium density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KM 1.3NF/150/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) stone, size 2.1NF, strength grade M150, average density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KR (KL) 2.1NF/150/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

Large-format ordinary (front) stone, size 9.3NF, strength grade M150, average density class 1.0, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KKR (KKL) 9.3NF/150/1.0/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) brick, thickened with horizontal voids, size 1.4NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KGUR (KGUL) 1.4NF/100/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) stone with horizontal voids, size 1.8NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KGR(KGL) 1.8 NF/100/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

4.2.8 It is allowed to enter additional information into the symbol for complete identification of products.

When carrying out export-import operations, the product designation may be specified in the contract for the supply of products (including entering additional alphanumeric or other information).

5 Technical requirements

5.1 Products must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

5.2 Appearance

5.2.1 Front products must have at least two front edges - spoon and butt. The color and type of the front edge are established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer and are stipulated in the supply contract.

5.2.2 On facial products, chipping caused by inclusions, for example, limestone, is not allowed. On ordinary products, chips with a total area of no more than 1.0 cm 2 are allowed.

5.2.3 Efflorescence is not allowed on facial products.

5.2.4 Defects in the appearance of products, the dimensions and number of which exceed the values specified in Table 3, are not allowed.

Table 3 - Defects in the appearance of products

Type of defect	Meaning
Type of defect	Facial Products	Ordinary products
Broken corners more than 15 mm deep, pcs.	Not allowed
Broken corners with a depth of 3 to 15 mm, pcs.
Broken ribs more than 3 mm deep and more than 15 mm long, pcs.	Not allowed
Broken ribs with a depth of no more than 3 mm and a length from 3 to 15 mm, pcs.
Individual cuts with total length, mm:
For brick		Not regulated
For stone		Not regulated
Cracks, pcs.	Not allowed
Notes 1 Cracks in inter-cavity partitions are not a defect. 2 Broken corners with a depth of less than 3 mm and broken edges with a length and depth of less than 3 mm are not rejection marks. 3 For front products, defects on the front edges are indicated.

5.2.5 For regular and front products, a black core and contact spots on the surface are allowed.

5.2.6 A batch is not allowed to contain more than 5% of the batch volume.

5.3 Characteristics

5.3.1 The average density of brick and stone, depending on the average density class, must correspond to the values given in Table 4.

Table 4 - Average density classes of products

5.3.2 Thermal characteristics of products are assessed by the thermal conductivity coefficient of the masonry in a dry state. The thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry in a dry state, depending on the group of products according to thermal characteristics, is given in Table 5.

Table 5 - Product groups by thermal characteristics

Product groups by thermal characteristics	Dry thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry λ, W/(m °C)
High efficiency
Increased efficiency	St. 0.20 to 0.24
Effective	St. 0.24 to 0.36
Conditionally effective	St. 0.36 to 0.46
Ineffective (ordinary)
Notes 1 Thermal conductivity coefficient values are given for masonry with a minimum sufficient amount of masonry mortar. The value of the thermal conductivity coefficient, taking into account the actual consumption of the solution, is established in the design or departmental technical documentation (building codes and regulations, territorial building codes, etc.) based on tests or calculations. 2 Thermal characteristics of conventional solid masonry are given in Appendix D.

5.3.3 The strength limits of products in compression and bending must be no less than the values indicated in Table 6. The strength grade of brick is determined by the values of the ultimate strength in compression and bending, of stone - by the value of the ultimate compressive strength.

Table 6 - Strength limits of products in compression and bending

Product brand	Tensile strength, MPa
	when compressed			when bending
	single, “euro” and thickened bricks; stones	large format stones		single and “euro” solid bricks		single and “euro” hollow bricks		thickened hollow bricks
	Average for five samples	Average for five samples	Smallest for an individual sample	Average for five samples	Smallest for an individual sample	Average for five samples	Smallest for an individual sample	Average for five samples	Smallest for an individual sample










For bricks and stones with horizontal voids





Note - When determining the compressive and bending strength of a brick and the compressive strength of a stone, the area of the loaded face of the product is calculated without subtracting the area of voids.

The strength grade of bricks intended for the construction of chimneys must be at least M200.

5.3.4 Water absorption of ordinary products must be no less than 6.0%, front products - no less than 6.0% and no more than 14.0%.

For products made from tripoli and diatomite, water absorption of no more than 28% is allowed.

5.3.5 Brick and stone must be frost-resistant and, depending on the frost resistance brand, in a water-saturated state must withstand at least 25 without any visible signs of damage or destruction (cracking, peeling, spalling, chipping); 35; 50; 75 and 100 cycles of alternating freezing and thawing.

Types of damage to products after testing for frost resistance are given in Appendix B.

The frost resistance grade of facial products must be at least F50. It is allowed, by agreement with the consumer, to supply face products of frost resistance grade F35.

The frost resistance grade of products used for the construction of chimneys, plinths and basement walls must be at least F50.

5.3.6 Ceramic brick and stone are classified as non-combustible building materials in accordance with GOST 30244.

5.3.7 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff in products should be no more than 370 Bq/kg.

5.4 Requirements for raw materials and materials

5.4.1 Clay raw materials, siliceous rocks (tripoli, diatomite), loess, industrial waste (coal waste, ash, etc.), mineral and organic additives, as well as packaging materials and means of transporting products (pallets) must comply with the requirements of current regulatory and technical documents for them.

5.5 Marking

5.5.1 During the manufacturing process, the trademark of the manufacturer is applied to the non-facial surface of the product with indelible paint using a stencil (stamp) or stamp imprint.

5.5.2 Marking is applied to each packaging unit. One packaging unit must contain at least 5% of products marked according to 5.5.1. The marking may be applied directly to the packaging or to a label that is affixed to the packaging, or to a label attached to the packaging in a manner that ensures its safety during transportation.

The marking must contain:

Name of the manufacturer (and/or its trademark) and address;

Product designation;

Batch number and date of manufacture;

Number (weight) of products in a packaging unit, pcs. (kg);

Mark of conformity for the supply of certified products (if provided for by the certification system).

The labeling may include information about the method of manufacturing the products.

5.5.3 The manufacturer has the right to put additional information on the packaging that does not contradict the requirements of this standard and allows identifying the product and its manufacturer.

5.5.4 Each package (transport package) must have transport markings in accordance with GOST 14192.

5.6 Package

5.6.1 Brick or stone should be laid on a pallet in a herringbone pattern or on a bed or bed with a cross bandage. It is allowed to stack products without bandaging, provided they are automatically packaged, ensuring the safety of the packaging unit during storage and transportation.

5.6.2 Products stacked with cross-bandaging must be packaged in shrink or stretch film or other materials that ensure the safety of the products.

5.6.3 One packaging unit must contain products of the same symbol.

5.6.4 By agreement with the consumer, other types of packaging are allowed to ensure the safety of products during transportation.

6 Acceptance rules

6.1 Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.

6.2 Products are accepted in batches. The batch size is set at no more than the daily output of one furnace.

When accepting products by the consumer, a batch is considered to be products shipped under a specific contract (order) or products in the amount of one vehicle, documented by one quality document.

6.3 The batch must consist of products of the same symbol.

6.4 Product quality is ensured by:

Incoming control of raw materials and materials;

Operational production (technological) control.

The quality of products is confirmed by acceptance control of finished products. Acceptance control includes acceptance and periodic tests.

6.5 To conduct tests by random sampling, a number of products (samples) are selected from different places in the batch in accordance with Table 7.

Table 7 - Number of selected products (samples) for testing

Indicator name	Number of selected products (samples), pcs.	Type of test		Frequency of control	Test method
Indicator name	Number of selected products (samples), pcs.	Acceptance documents	Periodic	Frequency of control	Test method
Appearance, dimensions	Stone - 25, brick - 35			Each batch
Deviations from nominal sizes and shapes	Stone - 25, brick - 35			Each batch
Presence of limescale inclusions				Once every two weeks
Presence of efflorescence				Once a month
Average density				Each batch	According to GOST 7025
Water absorption				Once a month	According to GOST 7025
Compressive strength of brick	10 (or 10 paired halves)			Each batch	According to GOST 8462
Compressive strength of stone				Each batch	According to GOST 8462
Compressive strength of large-format stone				Each batch
Bending strength of brick				Each batch	According to GOST 8462
Frost resistance				Once a quarter	According to GOST 7025

Selected products are checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard in terms of size, appearance and correctness of shape, and then tested.

Periodic tests on water absorption, the presence of efflorescence and frost resistance of products are also carried out when raw materials and technology change; by the presence of lime inclusions - when the content of inclusions in clay raw materials changes. The results of periodic tests are applied to all supplied batches of products until the next periodic tests are carried out.

6.6 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff is controlled during incoming control according to documents on the quality of the enterprise - supplier of raw materials. In the absence of data from the supplier company on the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, testing of products for this indicator should be carried out at least once a year in accredited testing laboratories, as well as when changing the supplier of raw materials.

6.7 Thermal characteristics of solid masonry are determined when products are put into production, when technology, raw materials, and materials are changed, and are provided at the request of the consumer.

6.9 If, when testing products according to the indicators given in Table 7 (except for indicators of appearance, size, correctness of shape and frost resistance), unsatisfactory results are obtained, repeat testing of products according to this indicator is carried out on a double number of samples taken from this batch.

The batch is accepted if the results of repeated tests meet all the requirements of this standard; if they do not match, the batch will not be accepted.

6.10 When testing products by the consumer, inspection control and certification tests, sampling and assessment of control results are carried out in accordance with the requirements of this section, using control methods in accordance with section 7.

In controversial cases, a control check is carried out in the presence of a representative of the manufacturer. The list of controlled parameters is established by agreement between the participants of the inspection.

6.11 Each batch of supplied products must be accompanied by a quality document indicating:

Name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark;

Name and symbol of the product;

Number and date of issue of the document;

Batch number;

Number (weight) of products in a batch, pcs. (kg);

Strength grade, medium density grade, frost resistance grade;

Water absorption;

Thermal Efficiency Group;

Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff;

Method of manufacturing products.

During export-import operations, the content of the accompanying quality document is specified in a specific contract for the supply of products.

7 Test methods

7.2 Test methods for conducting production operational control are established in the technological documentation for the manufacture of products.

7.3 The dimensions of products, the thickness of the outer walls, the diameter of cylindrical voids, the dimensions of square and width of slot-like voids, the length of cuts, the area of spalls and the length of broken edges of products are measured with a metal ruler in accordance with GOST 427 or a depth gauge in accordance with GOST 162. The measurement error is ±1 mm.

7.3.1 The length and width of each product are measured in three places of the product: on two ribs and the middle of the bed, thickness - on two ribs and the middle of the butt.

The arithmetic mean value of the results of single measurements is taken as the measurement result.

7.3.2 The crack opening width is measured using a measuring lens in accordance with GOST 25706, after which the product is checked for compliance with the requirements of 5.2.4. Measurement error - ±0.1 mm.

7.3.3 The depth of broken corners and edges is measured using a depth gauge according to GOST 162 or a square according to GOST 3749 and a ruler according to GOST 427 along the perpendicular from the top of the corner or edge formed by the square to the damaged surface. Measurement error - ±1 mm.

7.4 Deviation from the perpendicularity of the edges is determined by applying a square to adjacent edges of the product and measuring with a metal ruler the largest gap between the square and the edge. Measurement error - ±1mm.

The greatest of all obtained results is taken as the measurement result.

7.5 Deviation from the flatness of the product is determined by applying one side of the metal square to the edge of the product, and the other along each diagonal of the edge and measuring with a feeler gauge according to the current regulatory document or a ruler in accordance with GOST 427 the largest gap between the surface and the edge of the square. Measurement error - ± 1 mm.

The greatest of all obtained results is taken as the measurement result.

7.6 The presence of lime inclusions is determined after steaming the products in the vessel.

Samples that have not previously been exposed to moisture are placed on a grid placed in a vessel with a lid. The water poured under the grate is heated to a boil. Boiling is continued for 1 hour. The samples are then cooled in a closed container for 4 hours, after which they are checked for compliance with the requirements of 5.2.2.

7.7 To determine the presence of efflorescence, half of the product is immersed with the broken end into a vessel filled with distilled water to a depth of 1-2 cm and kept for 7 days (the water level in the vessel must remain constant). After 7 days, the samples are dried in an oven at a temperature of 100 °C to constant weight, and then compared with the second half of the sample that was not tested, checking for compliance with 5.2.3.

7.8 The compressive strength of brick and stone and brick in bending is determined in accordance with GOST 8462.

The compressive strength of large-format stone is determined on the whole product. Leveling the supporting surfaces of the stone is done by grinding and using a plate made of technical felt or rubber-fabric conveyor belts.

A large-format stone sample is placed in the center of the testing machine and pressed against the top plate of the machine. During testing, the load on the sample should increase continuously and uniformly at a speed of 5-10 kN/s. Compressive strength R compressor, MPa (kgf/cm2), calculated by the formula

Rсж = P/F,(1)

Where R- maximum load at which the sample is destroyed, MN (kgf);

F- arithmetic mean value of the areas of the upper and lower edges of the sample, m 2 (cm 2).

The compressive strength of samples is calculated with an accuracy of 0.1 MPa (1 kgf/cm 2) of the test results of all samples.

7.9 The average density, water absorption and frost resistance (volume freezing method) of products are determined in accordance with GOST 7025.

The deviation of each average density value is allowed no more than:

For classes 0.8 and 1.0 - + 50 kg/m 3 ;

For other classes - + 100 kg/m 3.

Water absorption is determined by saturating the samples with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C at atmospheric pressure.

Frost resistance is determined by volumetric freezing.

7.10 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff determined according to GOST 30108.

7.11 The thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry is determined according to GOST 26254 with the following additions.

The thermal conductivity coefficient is determined experimentally on a fragment of masonry, which, taking into account mortar joints, is made with a thickness of one bonded and one treaded row of bricks or stones. The masonry of enlarged stones is made into one stone. The length and height of the masonry must be at least 1.5 m (see Figure 1). The masonry is carried out using a complex mortar of grade 50, with an average density of 1800 kg/m 3, composition 1.0:0.9:8.0 (cement:lime:sand) by volume, on Portland cement grade 400, with a cone draft for solid products of 12 - 13 cm, for hollow ones - 9 cm. It is allowed to perform a fragment of masonry that differs from that indicated above, using other solutions, the composition of which is indicated in the test report.

Figure 2 - Fragment of masonry for determining thermal conductivity

A fragment of masonry from products with through voids should be made using a technology that excludes filling the voids with masonry mortar or with filling the voids with mortar, which is recorded in the test report. The masonry is carried out in the opening of a climatic chamber with a device along the thermal insulation contour made of slab insulation; The thermal resistance of thermal insulation must be at least 1.0 m 2 °C/W. After making a fragment of masonry, its outer and inner surfaces are rubbed with a plaster solution with a thickness of no more than 5 mm and a density corresponding to the density of the tested products, but not more than 1400 and not less than 800 kg/m 3.

The masonry fragment is tested in two stages:

Stage 1 - the masonry is kept and dried for at least two weeks to a moisture content of no more than 6%;

Stage 2 - additional drying of the masonry is carried out to a moisture content of 1% - 3%.

The humidity of products in masonry is determined by non-destructive testing devices. Tests in the chamber are carried out at a temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the masonry Δ t = (t V - t m) ³ 40 °C, temperature in the warm zone of the chamber t at = 18 °C - 20 °C, relative air humidity (40 ± 5)%. It is allowed to reduce the holding time of the masonry provided that the outer surface is blown and the inner surface of the fragment is heated with tubular electric heaters (heaters), spotlights, etc. to a temperature of 35 °C - 40 °C.

Before testing, at least five thermocouples are installed on the outer and inner surfaces of the masonry in the central zone in accordance with the current regulatory document. Additionally, heat meters are installed on the inner surface of the masonry in accordance with the current regulatory document. Thermocouples and heat meters are installed so that they cover the surface areas of the tray and bonded rows of masonry, as well as horizontal and vertical mortar joints. Thermal parameters are recorded after the onset of a stationary thermal state of the masonry, no earlier than 72 hours after turning on the climate chamber. Parameters are measured at least three times with an interval of 2-3 hours.

For each heat meter and thermocouple, the arithmetic mean value of the readings over the observation period is determined qi And t i. Based on the test results, the weighted average temperatures of the outer and inner surfaces of the masonry are calculated, taking into account the area of the tray and butt measured sections, as well as the vertical and horizontal sections of the mortar joints according to the formula

Where t i- surface temperature at a point i, °C;

F i- square i th plot, m2.

Based on the test results, the thermal resistance of the masonry is determined, m 2 o C/W, taking into account the actual humidity during testing according to the formula

q cp is the average value of the heat flux density through the tested masonry fragment, W/m2.

Based on the value, calculate the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient of the masonry λ eq (ω), W/(m °C), according to the formula

where δ is the thickness of the masonry, m.

Build a graph of the dependence of the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient on the moisture content of the masonry (see Figure 3) and determine the change in the value of l eq per one percent of humidity Δλ eq, W/(m °C), according to the formula

The thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry in a dry state λ 0, W/(m °C), is calculated using the formula

The test result is taken as the arithmetic mean value of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the masonry in a dry state λ 0, W/(m °C), calculated by the formula

Figure 3 - Graph of the dependence of the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient on the moisture content of the masonry

8 Transportation and storage

8.1 Products are transported by all modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for a particular type of transport.

8.2 Transportation of bricks and stones is carried out in packaged form. Transport packages are formed at the warehouse site or directly on the production line on pallets in accordance with GOST 18343 or pallets measuring 1 * 1 m (980 * 980 mm) or other sizes according to technical documentation.

8.3 The weight of one package should not exceed the rated load capacity of the pallet.

8.4 The technological documentation for the manufacture of products provides a diagram of fastening the products in the transport package depending on the transportation distance and the type of vehicle.

8.6 It is allowed to store products on level areas with a hard surface in single-tier stacks in packages without pallets.

8.7 Storage of products at the consumer must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 8.5 and 8.6 and safety regulations.

8.8 Loading and unloading of product packages must be done mechanically using special load-handling devices.

Loading products in bulk (throwing) and unloading them by dumping are not allowed.

9 Directions for use

9.1 Brick and stone are used in accordance with the recommendations of current building codes, codes of practice, territorial building codes, taking into account the requirements set out in the design documentation for the construction of buildings and structures.

9.2 Only solid bricks should be used in the foundations and plinths of building walls, chimneys, and ventilation ducts.

It is not allowed to use hollow products, as well as semi-dry pressed bricks, for the external walls of rooms with wet conditions without applying a vapor barrier coating to the internal surfaces.

It is not allowed to use hollow products and semi-dry pressed bricks for laying the walls of rooms with wet conditions, external walls of basements, plinths and foundations.

9.3 Type of products (brick, stone) for laying load-bearing, self-supporting and non-load-bearing structures, incl. for cladding building facades, density, strength grade and frost resistance are indicated in the working drawings.

9.4 Reference values for the compressive strength of masonry made of brick and stone, manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard, are given in Appendix B, Tables B.1, B.2.

9.5 The manufacturer, at the request of the consumer, must provide data on the thermal and strength characteristics of products in masonry.

Product shapes and sizes

A.1 Extrusion products

Figure A.1.3 - 1(1.4) NF format brick with eight slot-like voids

Figure A.1.4 - 1(1.4) NF format brick with 18 slot-like voids

Figure A.1.5 - 1(1.4) NF format brick with 16 square voids

Figure A.1.6 - 1(1.4) NF format brick with 36 square voids

Figure A.1.7 - 1(1.4) NF format brick with 55 square voids

Figure A.1.8 - 1(1.4) NF format brick with 28 slot-like voids

Figure A.1.9 - Brick format 1 NF

with 35 voids

Figure A.1.10 - Brick format 1 NF

with 33 voids

Figure A.1.11 - 2.1 NF format stone with 30 square voids

and a hole for gripping

Figure A.1.12 - 2.1 NF format stone with 30 voids and a gripping hole

Figure A.1.13 - 2.1 NF format stone with 18 square voids

and a hole for gripping

Figure A.1.14 - 2.1 NF format stone with seven slot-like voids

Figure A.1.15 - 2.1 NF format stone with 18 slot-like voids

Figure A.16 - 2.1 NF format stone with 21 slot-like voids

Figure A.1.17 - 1.4 NF format brick

with six voids

Figure A.1.18 - 1.4 NF format brick

with six voids

Figure A.1.19 - 1.8 NF format stone with three voids

Figure A.1.20 - Large format stone 4.5 NF

Figure A.1.21 - Large format stone 10.7 NF

Figure A.1.22 - Large format stone 10.7 NF

Figure A.1.23 - Large format stone 14.3 NF

A.2 Pressed brick with vertical voids

Appendix B

(required)

Types of damage to products when testing for frost resistance

Figure B.1 - Types of damage to products when testing for frost resistance

Appendix B

(informative)

Compressive resistance of brick and stone masonry on heavy mortars

Table B.1

Brick brand or stone	Compressive resistance of masonry on heavy brick mortars all types and stones R, MPa
	depending on the brand of solution	with strength solution

Brickwork of all types and stone









Masonry made of large-format stone of medium density classes 0.8 and 1.0



Note - The compressive resistance of masonry on mortar grades from 4 to 50 should be reduced by applying reduction factors: 0.85 - for masonry on hard cement mortars (without additives of lime or clay), light and lime mortars up to 3 months old; 0.9 - for masonry on cement mortars (without lime or clay) with organic plasticizers. Reducing factors are not used for masonry of higher quality. The mortar joint of high-quality masonry is made under the frame with the mortar leveled and compacted with a lath. The brand of mortar for ordinary masonry and for high-quality masonry is indicated in the project.

Table B.2

Medium density class	Reduction factors for the compressive strength of hollow ceramic brick and stone masonry
	depending on the brand of solution	at mortar strength

Appendix D

(informative)

Thermal characteristics of solid (conditional) masonry

D.1 The reduced heat transfer resistance of masonry is determined based on calculations based on temperature fields for each specific building project, taking into account the requirements of current building codes and regulations.

D.2 Calculation of the reduced resistance to heat transfer of external walls made of ceramic products is carried out based on the condition of ensuring thermal and sanitary characteristics in accordance with current building codes and regulations. Examples of reduced heat transfer resistance of masonry made of ceramic products, accepted according to sanitary and hygienic conditions in buildings with a design temperature internal air, equal to 20 °C, are given in Table D.1.

Table D.1

D.3 Thermal characteristics of solid (conditional) masonry made from ceramic products in laboratory conditions are given in Table D.2.

Thermal characteristics of masonry using hollow products are given for masonry made without filling the voids with mortar.

D.4 Examples of continuous (conditional) masonry made from ceramic products are shown in Figures D.1 - D.3.

1 - dry plaster made of gypsum sheathing sheets: δ = 12 mm, γ = 800 kg/m 3, λ = 0.21 W/(m °C);

2 - air gap: δ =10 mm, R= 0.13 m 2 °C/W;

3 - stone masonry;

4 - face brick

a) from hollow stone (γ = 1400 kg/m 3 , γ class = 1460 kg/m 3 , λ class = 0.54 W/(m °C)) and facing brick (γ = 1400 kg/m 3 , γ cell = 1480 kg/m 3 , λ cell = 0.55 W/(m °C)) = 1.37 m2 °C/W;

b) from hollow stone (γ = 1200 kg/m 3 , γ class = 1300 kg/m 3 , λ class = 0.48 W/(m °C)) and facing brick (γ = 1200 kg/m 3 , γ cl = 1330 kg/m 3 , λ cl = 0.50 W/(m °C)) = 1.50 m 2 °C/W;

c) from hollow stone (γ = 1000 kg/m 3, γ class = 1130 kg/m 3, λ class = 0.41 W/(m °C)) and facing brick (γ = 1000 kg/m 3, γ cl = 1170 kg/m 3 , λ cl = 0.44 W/(m °C)) = 1.70 m 2 °C/W;

d) from hollow stone (γ = 800 kg/m 3 , γ class = 960 kg/m 3 , λ class = 0.35 W/(m °C)) and facing brick (γ = 1000 kg/m 3 , γ cl =1170 kg/m 3, λ cl = 0.44 W/(m °C)) =1.92 m 2 °C/W

Figure D.1 - Example of continuous masonry of an external stone wall with dimensions

250x120x138 mm with an outer layer of single facing brick

1 - internal plaster: δ = 15 mm, γ = 1600 kg/m 3, λ = 0.7 W/(m °C);

2 - large-format stone: δ = 380 mm, γ = 600 kg/m 3, λ class = 0.16 W/(m °C);

3 - facing brick: δ = 120 mm, γ = 1000 kg/m 3, λ class = 0.44 W/(m °C)

Reduced heat transfer resistance of masonry = 2.90 m 2 °C/W

Figure D.2 - An example of a solid masonry of an external wall made of large-format stone with dimensions 380x250x219 mm with an external facing brick and an internal

plaster layers

1 - large-format stone;

2 - internal plaster: δ = 15 mm, γ = 1800 kg/m 3, λ = 0.87 W/(m °C);

3 - face brick;

4 - cement-sand mortar;

5 - flexible connections

Reduced heat transfer resistance of the outer wall masonry (, m 2 °C/W):

a) from large-format stone (γ = 800 kg/m 3 , γ class = 890 kg/m 3 , λ class = 0.23 W/(m °C)) and facing brick (γ = 1400 kg/m 3 , γ cell = 1480 kg/m 3 , λ cell = 0.55 W/(m °C)) = 2.37 m2 °C/W;

b) from large-format stone (γ = 800 kg/m 3 , γ class = 890 kg/m 3 , λ class = 0.23 W/(m °C)) and facing brick (γ = 1200 kg/m 3 , γ cell = 1330 kg/m 3 , λ cell = 0.50 W/(m °C)) = 2.69 m2 °C/W;

c) from large-format stone (γ = 800 kg/m3, γ class = 890 kg/m3, λ class = 0.23 W/(m °C)) and facing brick (γ = 1000 kg/m3, γ cell = 1000 kg/m 3 , λ cell = 0.44 W/(m °C)) = 2.73 m2 °C/W;

d) from large-format stone (γ = 700 kg/m 3, γ class = 780 kg/m 3, λ class = 0.195 W/(m °C)) and facing brick (γ = 1000 kg/m 3, γ class = 1000 kg/m 3, λ class = 0.44 W/(m °C)) = 3.22 m 2 °C/W

Figure D.3 - Example of solid masonry of an external wall made of large-format stone with dimensions 510x250x219 mm with an outer layer of single facing brick

Table D.2 - Thermal characteristics of solid masonry

Type of masonry	Density of brick, stone γ 0, kg/m 3	Characteristics of masonry in dry condition		Mass ratio of moisture in masonry (under operating conditions A, B), %	Coefficients (under operating conditions A, B)
		Density γ 0, kg/m 3	Thermal conductivity λ 0, W/(m °C)		thermal conductivity λ, W/(m °C)	vapor permeability μ, mg/(m h Pa)
		Density γ 0, kg/m 3	Thermal conductivity λ 0, W/(m °C)			vapor permeability μ, mg/(m h Pa)
Masonry of stone and brick on cement-sand mortar with density γ 0 = 1800 kg/m 3


Hollow stone















Masonry on thermal insulating cement mortar with porous fillers with density γ 0 = 1200 kg/m 3
Large-format hollow stone made of porous ceramics
Large-format hollow stone made of porous ceramics
Hollow stone





Triple brick, solid, single and thickened
Triple brick, solid, single and thickened
Single and thickened hollow brick




Solid single and thickened brick


Masonry on thermal insulating cement-perlite mortar with density γ 0 = 800 kg/m 3
Large-format hollow stone made of porous ceramics
Large-format hollow stone made of porous ceramics
Hollow stone





Single and thickened hollow brick




Solid single and thickened brick


Notes 1 Intermediate values of thermal performance indicators of brickwork are determined by interpolation. 2 The coefficient values for masonry made from hollow products are given for masonry made using technology that excludes filling voids with mortar. In this regard, the values of the coefficients differ from the values given in Table E.1, which take into account the filling of voids with mortar at the construction site. 3 The thermal conductivity coefficients of masonry made from hollow products with a density of up to 1200 kg/m 3 on a cement-sand mortar with a density of 1800 kg/m 3, carried out without measures that exclude filling the voids with mortar, should be taken as corresponding to the density of the masonry increased by 100 kg/m 3. 4 The value of the thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry when actually filling the voids with mortar is determined by the density of a masonry fragment of size 1.0x1.0x0.38 m manufactured and dried to an air-dry state using the data of this appendix. 5 Operating conditions A and B are accepted in accordance with current building codes and regulations. 6 Specific heat dry masonry WITH 0 = 0.88 kJ/(kg °C).

Bibliography

SP 23-101-2004 Design of thermal protection of buildings

Key words: ceramic brick and stone, masonry, cladding, external and internal walls, technical requirements, acceptance rules, control methods

1 area of use

3 Terms and definitions

4 Classification, dimensions and symbols

5 Technical requirements

6 Acceptance rules

7 Test methods

8 Transportation and storage

9 Directions for use

Appendix B (mandatory) Types of damage to products when testing for frost resistance

Appendix B (informative) Compressive resistance of brick and stone masonry on heavy mortars

Appendix D (informative) Thermal characteristics of solid (conditional) masonry

GOST 530-95

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BRICKS AND CERAMIC STONES

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

INTERSTATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMISSION
ON STANDARDIZATION AND TECHNICAL REGULATION
IN CONSTRUCTION (MNTKS)

Moscow

Preface

1 DEVELOPED BY JSC VNIIstrom im. P.P. Budnikov with the participation of TsNIISK them. V.A. Kucherenko, NIISF and JSC Voronezhstroymaterialy of the Russian Federation

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (INTKS) on April 19, 1995.

State name

Republic of Armenia

State Architecture of the Republic of Armenia

Ministry of Construction and Architecture of the Republic of Belarus

The Republic of Kazakhstan

Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Kyrgyz Republic

Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic

The Republic of Moldova

Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Moldova

Russian Federation

Ministry of Construction of Russia

The Republic of Tajikistan

State Construction Committee of the Republic of Tajikistan

The Republic of Uzbekistan

State Committee for Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Change No. 1 was adopted by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (INTKS) on May 30, 2001.

State name

Name of the state construction management body

The Republic of Azerbaijan

State Construction Committee of the Azerbaijan Republic

Republic of Armenia

Ministry of Urban Development of the Republic of Armenia

The Republic of Moldova

Ministry of Environment and Territorial Improvement

Russian Federation

Ministry of Construction of Russia

The Republic of Tajikistan

Komarchstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan

3 ENTERED INTO EFFECT on July 1, 1996 as a state standard of the Russian Federation by Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 5, 1995 No. 18-103

5 EDITION (September 2002) with Amendment No. 1 adopted in September 2001 (IUS 4-2002)

GOST 530-95

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BRICKS AND CERAMIC STONES

Specifications

Ceramic bricks and stones.
Specifications

Date of introduction 1996-07-01

1 AREA OF USE

This standard applies to ceramic bricks and stones produced by semi-dry pressing or plastic molding of clayey and siliceous (tripoli, diatomite) sedimentary rocks and industrial waste (coal mining and coal preparation of ash) and fired in kilns.

Brick and stones are used for laying stone and reinforced stone external and internal walls of buildings and structures, as well as for laying solid brick foundations.

The requirements set out in paragraphs - , , , , , , sections and are mandatory.

2 REGULATORY REFERENCES

This standard uses references to the following standards.

Nominal size

Single brick

Thickened brick

Modular size single brick

Brick of modular sizes, thickened

Thickened brick with horizontal voids

Stone of modular sizes

Enlarged modular size stone

Enlarged stone

Enlarged stone with horizontal voids

Note - It is allowed, by agreement with the consumer, to produce enlarged stones with dimensions:

For plastic molded products from loess, tripoli, diatomite

±7.......................................... by length

±5.............................................. by width

For plastic molding and semi-dry pressing products

±5.............................................. by length

±4.............................................. by width

±3.......................................... by thickness - for brick

±4.............................................. by thickness - for stone

The deviation from the perpendicularity of the edges in millimeters should not exceed:

4 - for plastic molded products from loess, tripoli, diatomite;

3 - for plastic molded and semi-dry pressing products.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

3.3 Types and sizes

3.3.1 Single and thickened bricks are made solid (without voids and with technological voids) and hollow, and stones are made only hollow. The dimensions, shape and location of voids in the product, as well as the hollowness of the product, are given in the Appendix.

The thickness of the outer walls of the hollow product must be at least 12 mm.

Products can be manufactured with a different hollowness, with a different number and arrangement of holes, provided that the requirements are met.

3.3.2 Voids in products must be located perpendicular or parallel to the bed and can be through or not through.

The width of slot-like voids should be no more than 16 mm, and the diameter of cylindrical through voids and the side size of square voids should be no more than 20 mm.

For enlarged stones, technological voids are allowed (for gripping during laying) with a cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe voids no more than 13% of the base area.

The diameter of blind voids and the dimensions of horizontal voids are not regulated.

3.4 In terms of strength, solid products and with vertically located voids are manufactured in the following grades: 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, 300, and with horizontally located voids - 25, 35, 50, 75, 100.

3.3.1 - 3.4 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

Examples of symbols

Single solid ceramic brick, strength grade 100, frost resistance grade F15:

Brick K - O 100/15/GOST 530-95

Ceramic hollow single brick, strength 150, frost resistance F15:

Brick KP - O 150/15/GOST 530-95

Ceramic hollow thickened brick, grade 125 for strength, frost resistance F25:

Brick KP - U 125/25/GOST 530-95

Ceramic stone grade of strength 100, frost resistance F15:

Stone K 100/15/GOST 530-95

Enlarged ceramic stone grade of strength 150, frost resistance F15:

Stone KUK 150/15/GOST 530-95

Ceramic stone of modular sizes, grade 175 for strength, frost resistance F15:

Stone KM 175/15/GOST 530-95

Enlarged ceramic stone with horizontal arrangement of voids, strength 50, frost resistance F15:

Stone KUG 50/15/GOST 530-95

Ceramic thickened brick with horizontal arrangement of voids, strength grade 100, frost resistance F15:

Brick KUG 100/15/GOST 530-95

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Products must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

4.2 Characteristics

It is allowed to produce products with rounded vertical ribs with a radius of curvature of no more than 15 mm.

According to the surface texture (spoon, butt), products can be smooth or grooved.

On the surface of the products, the presence of chips along the largest dimension from 3 to 6 mm with a number of no more than 3 pieces is allowed.

4.2.1.4 The amount of poultry in the batch should not be more than 5%.

A brick that has one or more through cracks throughout the entire thickness of the brick, extending across the width of the brick for more than 30 mm and located in the central part of the supporting surface, is classified as half brick.

4.2.1.3, 4.2.1.4 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.2.1.5 Delivery of unburned and overburned products to the consumer is not allowed.

Table 2

Number of defects

1 Broken corners with a depth of 10 to 15 mm

2 Broken and blunted ribs with a depth of no more than 10 mm and a length of 10 to 15 mm

3 Cracks with a length of up to 300 mm along the bed of solid bricks and hollow products no more than up to the first row of voids (with a depth of the entire thickness of the brick or 1/2 the thickness of the butt or tray face of the stones):

On spoon edges

On butt edges

4.5 The mass of bricks in a dried state should not be more than 4.3 kg, and stones - more than 16 kg.

It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, reflected in the supply contract, to produce enlarged stones weighing more than 16 kg.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.6 Products belong to the group of non-combustible building materials according to GOST 30244.

If necessary, in national standards in force on the territory of the state, the value of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides can be changed within the limits specified above.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.9 Requirements for raw materials and materials

4.9.1 Clay raw materials used for the manufacture of products must comply with the requirements of current regulatory documents.

The materials used for the manufacture of products must comply with the requirements of current regulatory and technical documents for these materials, as well as technological documentation and ensure that products obtain the specified technical characteristics.

Table 3

In megapascals (kgf/cm2)

Tensile strength

when compressed

when bending

all types of products

solid plastic molded brick

semi-dry pressed bricks and hollow bricks

thickened brick

Average for 5 samples

Smallest for an individual sample

Average for 5 samples

Smallest for an individual sample

Average for 5 samples

Smallest for an individual sample

For bricks and stones with horizontal voids

Note - The flexural strength is determined by the actual area of the brick without deducting the area of voids.

4.10 Marking

4.10.1 Products must be marked in each package, one in the middle row.

4.10.2 The trademark of the manufacturer is applied to the bonded surface of the product with indelible paint using a stencil (stamp) or stamp imprint during the manufacturing process.

4.10.3 Each package (package) must have transport markings in accordance with GOST 14192.

5 ACCEPTANCE RULES

5.1 Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.

5.2 Products are accepted in batches. The batch size is set at no more than the daily output of one furnace.

5.3 The batch must consist of products of the same type, of the same brand in terms of strength and frost resistance.

5.4 To check the compliance of products with the requirements of this standard, acceptance and periodic tests are carried out.

Acceptance tests are carried out according to the following indicators:

Appearance (presence of appearance defects);

Dimensions and correctness of shape;

Product weight;

Compressive strength of products;

Bending strength for bricks.

5.5 Periodic tests are carried out at least once:

In two weeks - to determine the presence of lime inclusions;

Per month - to determine water absorption;

Per quarter - to determine frost resistance;

Per year - to determine A eff if there is no raw material supplier data on the value A eff in the supplied materials.

Periodic tests for indicators of water absorption and frost resistance are also carried out every time there is a change in raw materials and technology (composition of the charge, molding parameters, drying and firing modes), and for the presence of lime inclusions - when the content of carbonate inclusions in clay raw materials changes.

Periodic testing by definition A eff is also carried out every time the raw materials are changed.

The thermal conductivity of products is determined when the product is put into production, as well as every time the raw materials, size and number of voids change.

5.4, 5.5 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

5.6 To carry out acceptance and periodic tests, products are selected by random sampling from different places in the batch in the quantity specified in and.

Control level

Sample size

Total sample size

Acceptance number And with

Rejection number R e

The batch is accepted if the number of defective products in the sample for the first stage is less than or equal to the acceptance number And with for the first stage of control.

The batch is not accepted if the number of defective products is greater than or equal to the rejection numberR efor the first stage of control.

If the number of defective products in the sample for the first stage of control is greater And with, but lessRe,proceed to the control of the second stage, for which a sample of the same volume is selected as in the first stage of control.

A batch of products is accepted if the total number of defective products in the first and second stage samples is less than or equal to And with. The batch is not accepted if the total number of defective products in the first and second stage samples is equal to or greaterR efor the second stage of control.

Number of samples

Dimensions and correct shape

Presence of limescale inclusions

Weight, water absorption

Compressive strength:

Bricks

10 (or 10 paired halves)

Bending strength of bricks

Frost resistance

5.7, 5.8 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

5.9 If, when checking the size and correctness of the shape of products selected from a batch, there turns out to be one product that does not meet the requirements of the standard, the batch is accepted; if there are two, the batch is not subject to acceptance.

5.10 If unsatisfactory results are obtained when testing products according to other indicators specified in the table, repeat testing of products according to this indicator is carried out with twice the number of samples taken from this batch.

A batch of products is accepted if the results of repeated tests satisfy the requirements of the standard; if they do not, the batch is not subject to acceptance.

5.11 Each batch of supplied products must be accompanied by a quality document indicating:

Name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark;

Name and symbol of products;

Number and date of issue of the document;

Batch number and quantity of products shipped;

A mass of bricks and stones;

Water absorption;

Brand of bricks and stones for strength and frost resistance;

Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides;

Thermal conductivity of products;

Designation of this standard.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

5.12 When checking the compliance of brick and stone with the requirements of this standard, the consumer must apply the procedure given in - 5.10 and the control methods established in section. In arbitration cases, the control check should be carried out in the presence of representatives of the manufacturer.

6 CONTROL METHODS

6.1 The dimensions of the products, the thickness of the outer walls, the radius of rounding of the corners, the diameter of the cylindrical voids, the width of the slot-like voids, the length of cracks, the length of the broken and blunt parts of the products are measured with an error of 1 mm with a metal ruler in accordance with GOST 427.

6.2 To determine the length and width of the products, measurements are taken in three places - along the ribs and the middle of the bed, the thickness of the products - in the middle of the butt and spoon. For products with rounded corners, measurements are taken at a distance of 15 mm from the ribs. Each measurement result is evaluated separately in accordance with.

The depth of broken and blunted corners and edges is measured with an error of 1 mm using a depth gauge according to GOST 162 or a square according to GOST 3749 and a ruler according to GOST 427 along the perpendicular from the top of the corner or edge formed by the square to the damaged surface.

6.3 Deviation from the perpendicularity of the faces is determined by applying a square to the adjacent faces in accordance with GOST 3749 and measuring with a feeler gauge or depth gauge in accordance with GOST 162 the gap formed between the square and the edge of the adjacent faces. The result is taken to be the largest value of all the measurement results obtained.

6.1 - 6.3 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

6.4 The compressive strength of bricks and stones and bending of bricks is determined according to GOST 8462.

6.5 The presence of lime inclusions (dutikov) is determined by steaming the products in a vessel.

Samples that have not been exposed to moisture are placed on a grid placed in a vessel with a lid. The water poured under the grate is heated to a boil. Boiling is continued for 1 hour. The samples are then cooled in this closed vessel for 4 hours, after which they are removed and checked for compliance with the requirements.

6.6 Weight, average density, water absorption and frost resistance of products are determined according to GOST 7025. Water absorption is determined when the sample is saturated with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5)° C at atmospheric pressure.

The frost resistance grade of brick and stone is determined by the number of cycles of alternating freezing and thawing, during which the product does not show signs of visible damage: peeling, delamination, cracking, spalling, as well as changes in the appearance defects specified in this standard.

Spalling with a diameter of up to 3 mm, formed at the site of cutting bricks or due to hydration of lime, is not taken into account as signs of damage to the surface of the product when testing for frost resistance.

In arbitration cases, the frost resistance of bricks should be assessed based on the loss of strength and weight.

A brick is considered frost-resistant if the average loss of strength over five samples and the lowest value of the indicator of an individual sample, established in the table for a given brand, is no more than 5%, and the average weight loss over five samples is no more than 3%.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

The thermal conductivity of products is determined on a wall fragment, the size of which, taking into account mortar joints, must correspond to:

By thickness (d ) - based on the conditions of the presence of one bonded and one spooned rows of bricks or stones. For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids, the thickness fragment is made in two versions: the first - from a bonded row of products, the second - from a spoon row;

By lenght ( l) and height ( h) - no less than 4.5 d , but not less than 1810 mm.

If the height of the brick or stone masonry does not correspond to the established height of the wall fragment, the masonry fragment is supplemented from below and above with layers of masonry mortar consisting of small brick chips and complex mortar in a ratio of 50 to 50% by volume.

The laying of a wall fragment is carried out with a single-row chain ligation on a complex mortar of grade 50 with an average density of 1800 kg/m 3 of the composition 1: 0.9: 8 (cement: lime: sand) by volume, on Portland cement grade 400 with a cone slump for solid products of 12 - 13 cm, for hollow ones - 9 cm.

The manufactured wall fragment is kept for a month in a room with an air temperature of 15 - 20° C and relative humidity 40 - 60%.

A fragment of masonry is installed in a climatic chamber and the gaps along the contour of the chamber are sealed with heat-insulating material.

Five thermocouples are installed on the inner and outer surfaces of the wall fragment: three on the surfaces of the spoon and butt rows and two on the horizontal and vertical mortar joints. A heat flow converter (heat meter) is used with a square cross-section with a side equal to the sum of the height of one masonry element and the thickness of one mortar joint. The heat meter is installed in the center of the wall fragment on the inner surface of the masonry tray element, capturing half the thickness of the upper and lower mortar joints (Figure c).

A- fragment of masonry in axonometry

b- types of masonry in cross section (single brick, thickened brick, stone)

V- location of heat meter and thermocouples

1 - heat meter; 2 - thermocouple

Figure 1 - Technical characteristics of a masonry fragment

Tests are carried out in laboratory conditions in accordance with GOST 26254.

For the heat meter and each thermocouple, the arithmetic mean value of the readings over the observation period is determined (qi) and (t i), Where i- sensor number. Then determine the weighted average temperature ( t ), taking into account the area of the tray and butt measurable sections of the masonry, the vertical and horizontal sections of the mortar joints, according to the formula

(1)

Where F i- area of the site, m2.

Experimental value of thermal conductivity of products in masonry in a state of actual humidity ( l exp), W/(m ° C), calculated by the formula

Where q- heat flux density, W/m 2, determined by formula 5 GOST 26254;

t in , t n - weighted average temperature value of the internal and external surfaces of the wall fragment, respectively,° C;

d - thickness of the wall fragment, m.

The result is taken as the value of the thermal conductivity of products in the masonry in a dry state, calculated by the formula

where l 0 - thermal conductivity of products in masonry in a dry state , W/(m° C);

W exp - the actual value of the moisture content of the material in the masonry in % by weight, determined according to GOST 24816;

K- coefficient of increment of thermal conductivity value depending on the moisture content of the material, taken equal to:K= 0.09 - for products with an average density from 1200 to 1500 kg/m 3 ;K= 0.11 - for products with medium density St. 1500 to 1700 kg/m 3 ;K= 0.13 - for products with medium density St. 1700 to 1900 kg/m3.

For products with horizontal voids, the result is taken as the value of the thermal conductivity of products in the masonry in a dry state, determined by the formula

where l T, l L - the value of thermal conductivity of the spoon and butt rows of masonry in a dry state, W/(m° C).

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

It is allowed, using the methods of the Research Institute of Building Physics, to determine the thermal conductivity of products on a small fragment of a wall consisting of 12 bricks or stones.

Before testing, the fragment is dried to a constant weight and covered with paraffin in order to protect it from moisture during the test.

It is allowed not to dry the wall fragment to a constant weight, but to determine the moisture content of the material after the end of the test in accordance with GOST 24816; after the test, material samples are removed with a bolt from the wall fragment from the location of the heat meter.

A fragment of the masonry is placed in the opening of a detachable security zone made of a material similar in thermophysical properties to the products being tested. The security zone, together with the fragment under study, is crimped with a fastening frame and installed in a wall that divides the climate chamber into warm and cold zones. The heat flow converter (heat meter) and thermoelectric thermometers are installed in accordance with the figure. Tests are carried out in laboratory conditions in accordance with GOST 26254, the heat flux density value is measured (q) and temperature changes ( t in - t n).

The experimental value of thermal conductivity is calculated using the formula (), the thermal conductivity of products in masonry in a dry state is calculated using the formula () of this standard.

For products with horizontal voids, the result is taken as the thermal conductivity value calculated using formula () of this standard.

6.8 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is determined according to GOST 30108 on products placed in bags or on pallets with cross-banding “on a die”.

6.9 Unburned and overburned products are determined by comparing bricks by color with samples - standards approved by the manufacturer in the prescribed manner.

(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).

7 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

7.1 Transportation of products must be carried out using pallets of the POD type in accordance with GOST 18343 as packaging means. It is allowed to transport products by road in technological (sparse) packages without pallets using fastening devices (removable and stationary) in the bodies of vehicles as packaging means.

7.2 Transportation of products by road, rail and water transport must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documentation applicable to each type of transport.

7.3 Transportation of products to areas Far North and hard-to-reach areas are carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15846.

7.4 Loading and unloading of product packages must be done mechanically using special load-handling devices.

7.5 Loading products in bulk (throwing) and unloading them by dumping are not allowed.

7.6 On pallets, products must be stacked in a “Christmas tree” or “on a flat” and “on an edge” with cross bandaging. The weight of one package should be no more than 0.85 tons.

7.7 Packages of bricks laid with cross bandaging must be packed with metal tape in accordance with GOST 3560 or shrink film in accordance with GOST 25951, or stretch film in accordance with GOST 10354.

7.8 Products must be stored in packages on pallets in accordance with GOST 18343, separately by brand and type in continuous single-tape stacks in one tier. It is allowed to install the package on top of each other no more than two tiers.

7.9 It is allowed to store products on level areas with a hard surface in single-belt stacks in packages without pallets.

APPENDIX A

Figure A.1 - Brick with 19 voids (13% voids)

Figure A.2 - Brick with 32 voids (22% voids)

Figure A.3 - Brick with 21 voids (voidity 34%, 45%)

Figure A.4 - Brick with 18 voids (voidity 29%, 38%)

Figure A.5 - Brick with 28 voids (voidity 32%, 42%)

Figure A.6 - Stone with 7 voids (voidity 25%, 33%)

Figure A.7 - Stone with 18 voids (voidity 27%, 36%)

Figure A.8 - Stone with 21 voids (voidity 34%, 45%)

Figure A.9 - Stone with 28 voids (voidity 32%, 42%)

PRESSED BRICK

Figure A.10 - Brick with 8 blind holes (11% hollowness)

Figure A.11 - Brick with 3 through holes (2.25% voids)

Figure A.12 - Brick with 8 through holes (6% voids)

Figure A.13 - Brick with 11 through holes (8.2% voids)

Figure A.14 - Brick with 17 through holes (12.7% voids)

BRICK AND STONES, EXTRUSED

Figure A.15 - Brick with 6 horizontal voids

Figure A.16 - Brick with 6 horizontal voids

Figure A.17 - Stone with 11 horizontal voids

Figure A.18 - Stone with 3 horizontal voids

Figure A.19 - Stone with 30 voids and a void for gripping when laying (45% voids)

Figure A.20 - Brick with 8 voids (20% voids)

Figure A.21 - Brick with square voids (33% voids)

Figure A.22 - Stone with square voids (33% voids)

STONES ENGINEERED FOR MASONRY WITH A THICKNESS OF ONE STONE

Figure A.23 - Stone with 45% voids

Figure A.24 - Stone with 55% voids

STONES ENGINEERED FOR MASONRY OF WALLS WITH A THICKNESS OF ONE STONE

Figure A.25 - Stone with 45% voids

Figure A.26 - Stone with 55% voids

Figure A.27 - Stone with 55% voids

APPENDIX B

(informational)

(Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

Key words: ceramic brick, ceramic stones, external and internal walls, stone and reinforced masonry

CERAMIC BRICKS AND STONES

GOST 530– 2007

INTERSTATE STANDARD

GOST 530–2007

CERAMIC BRICKS AND STONES

General technical conditions

Ceramic bricks and stones. General specifications

Date of introduction: 03/01/2008

1 AREA OF USE

This standard applies to ceramic brick and stone (hereinafter referred to as products) used for masonry and cladding of load-bearing and self-supporting walls and other elements of buildings and structures, and establishes technical requirements, acceptance rules, and test methods for products. Solid brick is also used for laying foundations, the outer part of chimneys, industrial and household furnaces. Products can be used in other building structures, taking into account the technical characteristics established in this standard.

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:
GOST 162-90 Vernier depth gauges. Specifications
GOST 427-75 Metal measuring rulers. Specifications
GOST 3749-77 Test squares 90°. Specifications
GOST 7025-91 Ceramic and silicate bricks and stones. Methods for determining water absorption, density and frost resistance control
GOST 8462-85 Wall materials. Methods for determining compressive and bending strengths

GOST 14192-96 Marking of cargo
GOST 18343-80 Pallets for bricks and ceramic stones. Technical specifications GOST 25706-83 Magnifiers. Types, basic parameters. General technical requirements GOST 26254-84 Buildings and structures. Methods for determining the heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures
GOST 30108-94 Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides
GOST 30244-94 Construction materials. Flammability test methods

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards and classifiers on the territory of the state according to the corresponding index of standards and classifiers compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

The following terms with corresponding definitions are used in this standard:
3.1 brick: Ceramic piece product intended for masonry installations.
3.2 normal format brick (single): Product with nominal dimensions 250x120x65 mm.
3.3 stone: Large-sized hollow ceramic product intended for masonry installations.
3.4 solid brick: Brick in which there are no voids.
3.5 hollow brick: Brick having through voids of various shapes and sizes.
3.6 facing brick: A product that provides the performance characteristics of masonry and performs the functions of a decorative material.
3.7 ordinary brick: A product that ensures the performance characteristics of masonry.
3.8 bed: The working edge of the product, located parallel to the base of the masonry
(see Figure 1).
3.9 spoons: The largest edge of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see Figure 1).
3.10 poke: The smallest edge of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see Figure 1).

1 - width; 2 - length; 3 - thickness; 4 - spoons; 5 - bed; 6 - poke

Figure 1 - Fragment of masonry

3.11 crack: Rupture of a product without breaking it into pieces.
3.12 through crack: A crack passing through the entire thickness of the product and extending up to
half or more of the width of the product.
3.13 cutting: Crack with an opening width of no more than 0.5 mm (see Appendix B).
3.14 repulse: Mechanical damage to the edge, edge, corner of the product.
3.15 spall: A product defect caused by the presence of carbonate or other inclusions (see Appendix B).
3.16 peeling: Destruction of the product in the form of detachment of thin plates from its surface (see Appendix B).
3.17 spalling: Shedding of fragments of the surface of the product (see Appendix B).
3.18 cracking: The appearance or increase in the size of a crack after exposure to alternating temperatures (see Appendix B).
3.19 half a dozen: Two parts of a product formed when it is split. Products that have through cracks are classified as half.
3.20 contact patch: An area of the surface of a product that is different in color, which appears during the drying or firing process and does not affect the characteristics of the product.
3.21 efflorescence: Water-soluble salts that come out on the surface of the fired product upon contact with moisture.
3.22 black core: An area inside the product caused by the formation of ferric oxide during the firing process of the product.

4. CLASSIFICATION, DIMENSIONS AND SYMBOLS

4.1 Classification
4.1.1 Products are divided into ordinary and facial.
Facing bricks and stones are made according to the type of front surface:
- with a smooth and embossed surface;
- with a surface textured by shotcrete, engobing, glazing, two-layer molding, polymer coating or other means.
Facial products can be natural or 3D colored.
4.1.2 Brick is made solid and hollow, stone - only hollow.
Voids in products can be located perpendicular (vertical) or parallel to the bed (horizontal).
4.1.3 According to the strength of the product (except for large-format stone and brick and stone with horizontal voids) they are divided into grades M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; large-format stones - M35, M50, M75, M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; brick and stone with horizontal voids - M 25, M35, M50, M75, M100.
4.1.4 According to frost resistance, products are divided into brands F25, F35, F50, F75, F100.
4.1.5 Based on average density, products are divided into classes: 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 2.0.
4.1.6 According to the thermal characteristics of the product, depending on the average density class, they are divided into groups in accordance with Table 1.

Table 1 - Product groups by thermal characteristics

Product medium density class
	High efficiency
	Increased efficiency
	Effective
	Conditionally effective

4.2 Main dimensions
4.2.1 Products are manufactured in nominal sizes given in Table 2.
Recommended shapes and sizes of products, as well as the location of voids in products are given in
Appendix A.
4.2.2 The thickness of the outer walls of hollow bricks and stones must be at least 12 mm, large-format stone - at least 10 mm.
4.2.3 The diameter of vertical cylindrical voids and the side size of square voids should be no more than 20 mm, and the width of slot-like voids should be no more than 16 mm.
The dimensions of horizontal voids are not regulated.
For stone, voids are allowed (for gripping during laying) with a cross-sectional area not exceeding 13% of the area of the stone bed.

Table 2 - Nominal dimensions of products

In millimeters

Product type	Type designation	Nominal sizes			size designation
Product type	Type designation	Length	Width	Thickness	size designation
Normal format brick (single)	KO	250	120	65	1 SF
Brick "Euro"	KE	250	85	65	0.7 NF
Thickened brick	KU	250	120	65	1.4 N
Single modular brick
Thickened brick with horizontal voids	KUG	250	120	88	1.4 NF
		250 288 288 288 250 250	120 288 138 138 250 180	140 88 140 88 140 140	2.1 NF 3.7 NF 2.9 NF 1.8 NF 4.5 NF 3.2 NF
Large format stone		510 398 380 380 380 380 250	250 250 250 255 250 180 250	219 219 219 188 140 140 188	14.3 NF 11.2 NF 10.7 NF 9.3 NF 6.8 NF 4.9 NF 6.0 NF
Stone with horizontal voids
Note - It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, to manufacture products of other nominal sizes, while the maximum deviations of dimensions should not exceed the values given in 4.2.4.

4.2.4 Maximum deviations of nominal dimensions should not exceed on one product, mm:
- by lenght:

brick and stone (except large-format stone)
large format stone

Width:

By thickness:

4.2.5 Deviation from perpendicularity of adjacent faces is not allowed more than:
3 mm - for brick and stone;
1.4% of the length of any facet - for large-format stone.
4.2.6 Deviation from the flatness of product edges of more than 3 mm is not allowed.
4.2.7 The symbol of ceramic products must consist of: name of the type of product, designation of the type of product in accordance with Table 2; letters P - for privates, L - for facial ones; size designations in accordance with table 2; designations: By - for solid brick,Pu - for hollow brick; grades for strength and frost resistance; medium density class and designation of this standard.
Examples of symbols:
Ordinary (face) brick, solid, single, size 1NF, strength grade M100, average density class 2.0, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KORPO (KOLPO) 1 NF/100/2.0/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) brick, hollow, single, size 1NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KORPu (KOLPu) 1NF/100/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) brick, hollow, thickened, size 1.4NF, strength grade M150, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KURPu (KULPu) 1.4NF/150/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

Bricks of modular sizes 1.3NF, strength grade M150, medium density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KM 1.3NF/150/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) stone, size 2.1NF, strength grade M150, average density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KR (KL) 2.1NF/150/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

Large-format ordinary (front) stone, size 9.3NF, strength grade M150, average density class 1.0, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KKR (KKL) 9.3NF/150/1.0/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) brick, thickened with horizontal voids, size 1.4NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KGUR (KGUL) 1.4NF/100/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) stone with horizontal voids, size 1.8NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KGR (KGL) 1.8 NF/100/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

4.2.8 It is allowed to enter additional information into the symbol for complete identification of products.
When carrying out export-import operations, the product designation may be specified in the contract for the supply of products (including entering additional alphanumeric or other information).

5. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Products must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

5.2 Appearance

5.2.1 Front products must have at least two front faces - spoon and butt. The color and type of the front edge are established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer and are stipulated in the supply contract.
5.2.2 On facial products, chipping caused by inclusions, such as limestone, is not allowed. On ordinary products, chips with a total area of no more than 1.0 cm2 are allowed.
5.2.3 Efflorescence is not allowed on facial products.

5.2.4 Defects in the appearance of products, the size and number of which exceed the values specified in Table 3, are not allowed.

Table 3 - Defects in the appearance of products

Type of defect	Meaning
Type of defect	Facial Products	Ordinary products
Broken corners more than 15 mm deep, pcs.	Not allowed
Broken corners with a depth of 3 to 15 mm, pcs.
Broken ribs more than 3 mm deep and more than 15 mm long, pcs.	Not allowed
Broken ribs with a depth of no more than 3 mm and a length from 3 to 15 mm, pcs.
Individual cuts with total length, mm: - for brick For stone		Not regulated
Cracks, pcs.	Not allowed
Notes 1. Cracks in inter-cavity partitions are not a defect. 2. Broken corners with a depth of less than 3 mm and broken edges with a length and depth of less than 3 mm are not rejection marks. 3. For front products, defects on the front edges are indicated.

5.2.5 For regular and front products, a black core and contact spots on the surface are allowed.
5.2.6 A batch is not allowed to contain more than 5% of the batch volume.

5.3 Characteristics
5.3.1 The average density of brick and stone, depending on the average density class, must correspond to the values given in Table 4.

Table 4 - Average density classes of products

Medium density classes of products	Average density, kg/m3

5.3.2 Thermal characteristics of products are assessed by the thermal conductivity coefficient of the masonry in a dry state. The thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry in a dry state, depending on the group of products according to thermal characteristics, is given in Table 5.

Table 5 - Product groups by thermal characteristics

Product groups by thermal characteristics	Dry thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry X, W/(m°C)
High efficiency
Increased efficiency	St. 0.20 to 0.24
Effective	St. 0.24 to 0.36
Conditionally effective	St. 0.36 to 0.46
Ineffective (ordinary)
Notes 1. Thermal conductivity coefficient values are given for masonry with a minimum sufficient amount of masonry mortar. The value of the thermal conductivity coefficient, taking into account the actual consumption of the solution, is established in the design or departmental technical documentation (building codes and regulations, territorial building codes, etc.) based on tests or calculations. 2. Thermal characteristics of conventional solid masonry are given in Appendix D.

5.3.3 The strength limits of products in compression and bending must be no less than the values indicated in Table 6. The strength grade of brick is determined by the values of the ultimate strength in compression and bending, of stone - by the value of the ultimate compressive strength.

Table 6 - Strength limits of products in compression and bending

Product brand	Tensile strength, MPa
	when compressed			when bending
	single, “euro” and thickened bricks; stones	Large format stones		Single and “euro” solid bricks		Single and “euro” hollow bricks		Thickened Hollow Bricks
	Average for five samples	Average for five samples	Smallest for an individual sample	Average for five samples	Smallest for an individual sample	Average for five samples	Smallest for an individual sample	Average for five samples	Smallest for an individual sample










For bricks and stones with horizontal voids





Note - When determining the compressive and bending strength of a brick and the compressive strength of a stone, the area of the loaded face of the product is calculated without subtracting the area of voids.

The strength grade of the products must be no lower than: hollow brick and stone (except large-format stone) - M100, large-format stone - M35, solid brick for load-bearing walls - M125, for self-supporting walls - M100.
The strength grade of bricks intended for the construction of chimneys must be at least M200.

5.3.4 The water absorption of ordinary products must be no less than 6.0%, of facial products - no less than 6.0% and no more than 14.0%.
For products made from tripoli and diatomite, water absorption of no more than 28% is allowed.
5.3.5 Brick and stone must be frost-resistant and, depending on the brand of frost resistance in a water-saturated state, must withstand at least 25 without any visible signs of damage or destruction (cracking, peeling, spalling, chipping); 35; 50; 75 and 100 cycles of alternating freezing and thawing.
Types of damage to products after testing for frost resistance are given in Appendix B.
The frost resistance grade of facial products must be at least F50. It is allowed, by agreement with the consumer, to supply face products of frost resistance grade F35.
The frost resistance grade of products used for the construction of chimneys, plinths and basement walls must be at least F50.
5.3.6 Ceramic brick and stone are classified as non-combustible building materials in accordance with GOST 30244.
5.3.7 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Leff in products should be no more than 370 Bq/kg.

5.4 Requirements for raw materials and supplies
5.4.1 Clay raw materials, siliceous rocks (tripoli, diatomite), loess, industrial waste (coal waste, ash, etc.), mineral and organic additives, as well as packaging materials and means of transporting products (pallets) must comply with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents for them .

5.5 Marking
5.5.1 During the manufacturing process, the trademark of the manufacturer is applied to the non-facial surface of the product with indelible paint using a stencil (stamp) or stamp imprint.
5.5.2 Marking is applied to each packaging unit. One packaging unit must contain at least 5% of products marked according to 5.5.1. The marking may be applied directly to the packaging or to a label that is affixed to the packaging, or to a label attached to the packaging in a manner that ensures its safety during transportation.
The marking must contain:

Name of the manufacturer (and/or its trademark) and address;
- symbol of the product;
- batch number and date of manufacture;
- number (weight) of products in a packaging unit, pcs. (kg);
- Thermal Efficiency Group;
- mark of conformity for the supply of certified products (if provided for by the certification system).

The labeling may include information about the method of manufacturing the products.
5.5.3 The manufacturer has the right to add additional information to the packaging that does not contradict the requirements of this standard and allows identification of the product and its manufacturer.
5.5.4 Each package (transport package) must have transport markings in accordance with GOST 14192.

5.6 Packaging
5.6.1 The brick or stone should be laid on a pallet in a herringbone pattern or on a bed or bed with a cross bandage. It is allowed to stack products without bandaging, provided they are automatically packaged, ensuring the safety of the packaging unit during storage and transportation.
5.6.2 Products stacked with cross bandaging must be packaged in shrink or stretch film or other materials that ensure the safety of the product.
5.6.3 One packaging unit must contain products of the same symbol.
5.6.4 By agreement with the consumer, other types of packaging are allowed to ensure the safety of products during transportation.

6. ACCEPTANCE RULES

6.1 Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.
6.2 Products are accepted in batches. The batch volume is set at no more than a daily quantity
output from one furnace.
When accepting products by the consumer, a batch is considered to be products shipped under a specific contract (order) or products in the amount of one vehicle, documented by one quality document.
6.3 The batch must consist of products of the same symbol.
6.4 Product quality is ensured by:

Incoming control of raw materials and materials;
- operational production (technological) control.

The quality of products is confirmed by acceptance control of finished products. Acceptance control includes acceptance and periodic tests.
6.5 To carry out tests by random sampling, a number of batches are selected from different places
products (samples) in accordance with table 7.

Table 7 - Number of selected products (samples) for testing

Name indicator	selected (samples), pcs.	Type of test		wildness control	tests
Name indicator	selected (samples), pcs.	delivery notes		wildness control	tests
Appearance,	Stone - 25, brick - 35	+	-		According to 7.3
Deviations from nominal sizes and shapes	Stone - 25, brick - 35	+	-		According to 7.3 - 7.5
Presence of limescale inclusions	5	-	+	in two weeks	According to 7.6
Presence of efflorescence	5	-	+		According to 7.7
Average density	5	+	-
Water absorption	5	-	+
Tensile strength when compressing a brick	halves)	+	-
Tensile strength when the stone is compressed	5	+	-
Tensile strength When compressing large-format stone	5	+	-		According to 7.8
Tensile strength when bending a brick	5	+	-
Frost resistance	5	-	+	per quarter

Selected products are checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard in terms of size, appearance and correctness of shape, and then tested.
Periodic tests on water absorption, the presence of efflorescence and frost resistance of products are also carried out when raw materials and technology change; by the presence of lime inclusions - when the content of inclusions in clay raw materials changes. The results of periodic tests are applied to all supplied batches of products until the next periodic tests are carried out.
6.6 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Leff is monitored during incoming control according to data from documents on the quality of the enterprise - supplier of raw materials. In the absence of data from the supplier company on the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, testing of products for this indicator should be carried out at least once a year in accredited testing laboratories, as well as when changing the supplier of raw materials.
6.7 Thermal characteristics of solid masonry are determined when products are put into production, when technology, raw materials, materials change, and are provided at the request of the consumer.
6.8 The batch is accepted if, when checking the size and correctness of the shape of products selected from the batch, only one product does not meet the requirements of this standard. The batch is not subject to acceptance if two of the products selected from the batch do not meet the requirements of this standard.
6.9 If, when testing products according to the indicators given in Table 7 (except for indicators of appearance, size, correct shape and frost resistance), unsatisfactory results are obtained, repeat testing of products according to this indicator is carried out on a double number of samples taken from this batch.
The batch is accepted if the results of repeated tests meet all the requirements of this standard; if they do not match, the batch will not be accepted.
6.10 When testing products by the consumer, inspection control and certification tests, sampling and assessment of control results are carried out in accordance with the requirements of this section, using control methods.
In controversial cases, a control check is carried out in the presence of a representative of the manufacturer. The list of controlled parameters is established by agreement between the participants of the inspection.
6.11 Each batch of supplied products must be accompanied by a quality document indicating:

Name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark;
- name and symbol of the product;
- number and date of issue of the document;
- batch number;
- number (weight) of products in the batch, pcs. (kg) ;
- strength grade, medium density grade, frost resistance grade;
- water absorption;
- group on thermal technical efficiency;
- specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Laff;
- method of manufacturing products.

During export-import operations, the content of the accompanying quality document is specified in a specific contract for the supply of products.

8. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

8.1. Products are transported by all modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for a particular type of transport.

8.2. Transportation of bricks and stones is carried out in packaged form.

Transport packages are formed at the warehouse site or directly on the production line on pallets in accordance with GOST 18343 or pallets measuring 1 x 1 m (980 x 980 mm) or other sizes according to technical documentation.

8.3. The weight of one package should not exceed the rated load capacity of the pallet.

8.4. The technological documentation for the manufacture of products provides a diagram of fastening the products in the transport package, depending on the transportation distance and the type of vehicle.

8.5. Formed transport packages should be stored in one tier in continuous stacks. It is allowed to install the package on top of each other no more than four tiers, provided that safety requirements are met.

8.6. It is allowed to store products on level areas with a hard surface in single-tier stacks in bags without pallets.

8.7. Storage of products at the consumer must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 8.5 and 8.6 and safety regulations.

8.8. Loading and unloading of packages of products must be done mechanized using special lifting devices.

Loading products in bulk (throwing) and unloading them by dumping are not allowed.

9. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

9.1. Brick and stone are used in accordance with the recommendations of current building codes, codes of practice, territorial building codes, taking into account the requirements set out in the design documentation for the construction of buildings and structures.

9.2. Only solid bricks should be used in the foundations and plinths of building walls, chimneys, and ventilation ducts.

It is not allowed to use hollow products, as well as semi-dry pressed bricks, for the external walls of rooms with wet conditions without applying a vapor barrier coating to the internal surfaces.

It is not allowed to use hollow products and semi-dry pressed bricks for laying the walls of rooms with wet conditions, external walls of basements, plinths and foundations.

9.3. Type of products (brick, stone) for laying load-bearing, self-supporting and non-load-bearing structures, incl. for cladding building facades, density, strength grade and frost resistance are indicated in the working drawings.

9.4. Reference values for the compressive strength of masonry made of brick and stone, manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard, are given in Appendix B, tables B.1, B.2.

9.5. The manufacturer, at the request of the consumer, must provide data on the thermal and strength characteristics of products in masonry.