Climate zones of the Earth. Climate maps of the world Climate map of the earth

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When going on an outdoor holiday, or even planning a trip abroad, it will be useful to find out the weather forecast in the region where you are going to go. An application that displays the weather around the world on Windy Maps will help you with this; it is very easy to see the temperature and weather conditions online anywhere on Earth.

Detailed satellite and vector map with weather forecast in Russia - Windy and OpenWeatherMap. Weather vector map of Russia and the world. Weather forecast in Russia on the map. Weather in the world on the map. Weather in all regions and cities of Russia on the Windy map. Interactive map weather in Russia and the world.

Description

Change the image scale and select the desired region or city and study the current map on this moment, weather for a given region. The symbols indicate: rain, sun, clouds, etc. Thus, we receive complete information about the weather in the place of interest to us.
But the most amazing thing is that by using this application and selecting satellite mode, you can see the clouds online and their current position right on the map!
If you select a specific city and click on the special symbol, then in the window that opens you will see detailed information with windiness, humidity and even weather forecast for several days.

Climate zones - These are climatically homogeneous regions of the Earth. They look like wide continuous or intermittent stripes. They are located along the latitudes of the globe.

General characteristics of the Earth's climate zones.

Climatic zones differ from each other:

• degree of heating by the sun;
• peculiarities of atmospheric circulation;
• seasonal changes in air masses.

Climatic zones differ significantly from each other, gradually changing from the equator to the poles. However, climate is influenced not only by the latitude of the Earth, but also by the terrain, proximity to the sea, and altitude.

In Russia and in most countries of the world, the classification of climate zones created by the famous Soviet climatologist is used B.P. Alisov in 1956.

According to this classification, there are four main climatic zones on the globe and three transitional ones - with the prefix “sub” (Latin “under”):

• Equatorial (1 belt);
• Subequatorial (2 zones - in the northern and southern hemispheres);
• Tropical (2 zones - in the northern and southern hemispheres);
• Subtropical (2 zones - in the northern and southern hemispheres);
• Moderate (2 zones - in the northern and southern hemispheres);
• Subpolar (2 zones - subantarctic in the south, subarctic in the north);
• Polar (2 zones - Antarctic in the south, Arctic in the north);

Within these climatic zones, four types of Earth's climate are distinguished:

• Continental,
• Oceanic,
• The climate of the western shores,
• Climate of the eastern shores.

Let us consider in more detail the climate zones of the Earth and the types of climates inherent in them.

Climatic zones and types of climates of the Earth:

1. Equatorial climate zone– the air temperature in this climate zone is constant (+24-28°C). At sea, temperature fluctuations can generally be less than 1°. The annual amount of precipitation is significant (up to 3000 mm); on the windward slopes of the mountains, precipitation can fall up to 6000 mm.

2. Subequatorial climate– is located between the equatorial and tropical main types of Earth’s climate. In summer, this zone is dominated by equatorial air masses, and in winter - tropical. The amount of precipitation in summer is 1000-3000 mm. Average summer temperature is +30°C. In winter there is little precipitation, average temperature+14°C.

Subequatorial and equatorial belt. From left to right: savannah (Tanzania), wet forest(South America)

3. Tropical climate zone. This type of climate is classified as continental tropical climate and oceanic tropical climate.

• mainland tropical climate – annual precipitation – 100-250 mm. The average summer temperature is +35-40°C, winter +10-15°C. Daily temperature fluctuations can reach 40 °C.
• oceanic tropical climate – annual precipitation – up to 50 mm. The average summer temperature is +20-27°C, winter +10-15°C.

Tropical zones of the Earth. From left to right: deciduous forest (Costa Rica), veld (South Africa), desert (Namibia).

4. Subtropical climate– is located between the tropical and temperate main types of Earth’s climate. In summer, tropical air masses dominate, and in winter, air masses of temperate latitudes invade here, carrying precipitation. The subtropical climate is characterized by hot, dry summers (from +30 to +50°C) and relatively cold winters with precipitation; no stable snow cover is formed. Annual precipitation is about 500 mm.

• dry subtropical climate - observed inside continents in subtropical latitudes. Summer is hot (up to +50°C) and in winter frosts down to -20°C are possible. Annual precipitation is 120 mm or less.
• Mediterranean climate – observed in western parts continents. Summer is hot, without precipitation. Winter is cool and rainy. The annual precipitation is 450-600 mm.
• subtropical climate of the eastern coasts continents is monsoon. Winter, compared to other climates of the subtropical zone, is cold and dry, and summer is hot (+25°C) and humid (800 mm).

Subtropical zones of the Earth. From left to right: evergreen forest (Abkhazia), prairie (Nebraska), desert (Karakum).

5. Temperate climate zone. Forms over areas of temperate latitudes - from 40-45° northern and southern latitudes to the polar circles. Annual precipitation ranges from 1000 mm to 3000 mm on the outskirts of the continent and up to 100 mm in the interior. Temperatures in summer range from +10°C to +25-28°C. In winter - from +4°С to -50°С. In this type of climate, a distinction is made between marine, continental and monsoon climates.

• nautical temperate climate – annual precipitation - from 500 mm to 1000 mm, in the mountains up to 6000 mm. Summers are cool +15-20°C, winters are warm from +5°C.
• continental temperate climate – annual precipitation is about 400 mm. Summers are warm (+17-26°C), and winters are cold (-10-24°C) with stable snow cover for many months.
• monsoon temperate climate — annual precipitation is about 560 mm. Winter is clear and cold (-20-27°C), summer is humid and rainy (-20-23°C).

Natural areas temperate zones Earth. From left to right: taiga (Sayan Mountains), deciduous forest ( Krasnoyarsk region), steppe (Stavropol region), desert (Gobi).

6. Subpolar climate- consists of subarctic and subantarctic climatic zones. In summer, humid air masses come here from temperate latitudes, so summers are cool (from +5 to +10°C) and about 300 mm of precipitation falls (in the northeast of Yakutia 100 mm). In winter, the weather in this climate is influenced by Arctic and Antarctic air masses, so there are long, cold winters, temperatures can reach -50°C.
7. Polar climate type - Arctic and Antarctic climate zones. Forms above 70° north and below 65° south latitudes. The air is very cool, the snow cover does not melt all year. There is very little precipitation, the air is saturated with small ice needles. As they settle, they provide a total of only 100 mm of precipitation per year. The average summer temperature is not higher than 0°C, winter - -20-40°C.

Subpolar climate zones of the Earth. From left to right: arctic desert(Greenland), tundra (Yakutia), forest-tundra (Khibiny).

The characteristics of the Earth's climates are presented more clearly in the table.

Characteristics of the Earth's climatic zones. Table.

Note: Dear visitors, hyphens in long words in the table are placed for the convenience of mobile users - otherwise the words will not be transferred and the table will not fit on the screen. Thanks for understanding!

Types of climates (climatic zones) of Russia:

• Arctic: January t −24…-30, summer t +2…+5. Precipitation - 200-300 mm.
• Subarctic: (up to 60 degrees N). summer t +4…+12. Precipitation is 200-400 mm.
• Moderate continental: January t −4…-20, July t +12…+24. Precipitation 500-800 mm.
• Continental climate: January t −15…-25, July t +15…+26. Precipitation 200-600 mm.