Moderate belt - wind, earth, temperature, precipitation. Climatic belts of Russia moderate belt where

Northern moderate belt

in the northern hemisphere, between the subarctic and northern subtropical belt, mostly between 40 and 65 ° C. sh. OK. 55% of the belt area is occupied by land - one of the highest continentality indicators for the natural belts of the Earth. In the old world covers extensive spaces on C. and to the center. Parts of Eurasia - most of the European subcontinent, Siberia, Center. and cf. Asia, D. East. In the new light, a moderate belt is owned by the center. Rh-North American continent.
It is characterized by a clear seasonality of climate, expressed in a large difference in the temperature between the cold and warm periods of the year, which is exacerbated by continentality. Winters with a negative temperature (up to -50 ° C averages. And -70 ° C minimal), on coasts with weakly-positive values; Typed stable snow cover, which lies from 1 to 8 months. per year. Cf. The temperature of the very warm summer month ranges from 12 to 22 ° C, Max. exceeds 50 ° C. The annual amplitude of the temperature in intracontinental R-na may be up to 100 ° C and more. Avoid air masses of moderate latitudes with a characteristic zap. transfer; Intensive cyclonic activities contribute to the flow of a large amount of precipitation from the ocean to continents. Their annual sums are increasing on the outskirts of the mainland up to 800-2000 mm, in intra-engineer groups, it is reduced to 100-200 mm, 5000-8000 mm are reached on the onward slopes of the peequet ridges. The high-rise climate and landscapes are clearly expressed in the mountain ranges.
On S. belt on land the abundance of surface waters. The thick river network, numerous fresh lakes (especially characteristic of glacial origin), extensive areas are occupied by swamps. In winter, in reservoirs, a steady ice station, which is held for several months a year. As we move to Y. The amount of precipitation and water water reduces. Extensive territories in the center. parts of the mainland belong to the field of indoor drain, where the river network is cut or absent; There are a number of large (Caspian and Aral Sea, Balkhash, Issyk-Kul, a large salty, etc.) and many small saline lakes, including drying.
The plain and plumbing relief prevails. Low and medieval mountains are characteristic of the outskirts of the mainland, there are highlands (Pamir, Tien Shan, Caucasus, Alps, etc.). Sowing. The plains and the comb parts of the mountains carry traces of processing by the glaciers of the Quaternary period. For extdedechnikov, R-new is typically erosion dismemberment, on Yu. Aridal relief with eoliac form. Characteristic podzolic, brown and gray forest soils, to a lesser extent black soil and brown soils. Forests are widespread. Taiga grows on S. belt. In r-nah with a wipe climate, coniferous and broad-widths are developing with sufficient moisture. South belt occupy a forest-steppe, steppes, semi-desert and desert. The natural landscapes of the steppe and forest-steppe, which are almost universally transformed into S.-H. Landscapes. The smallest degree of deserts and sowing. taiga.

Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Edited by prof. A. P. Gorkina. 2006 .

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Located in the northern hemisphere about 40 ° and 65 ° C. sh. and in the southernmost between 42 ° and 58 ° Sh., Moderate land belts are not subject to a strong cold of poles or the constant heat of the equator. These are zones of moderate climate.

They are characterized by significant seasonal changes, since the hemisphere annually occupy a different position relative to the sun.

Two belts

The changeable cycle of the time of the year is one of the most important climatic factors in moderate belts, but not the only one. The interaction between the land, oceans and the atmosphere makes the meteleosystem of the temperate land zones are very complex and not predictable.

Like the poles, the northern and southern moderate belts have differences. In the northern moderate belt there are most of the territories of Europe, Asia and North America, as well as significant areas of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. In the southern hemisphere in moderate belt lies mainly the ocean, and on land, it covers the southern outskirts of South America, Australia and New Zealand. The inhomogeneous distribution of sushi and the sea determines meteorological from the luciony in both hemispheres.

Weather systems

Over each of the temperate belts is the ferrella cell. Through it the transfer air mass From the equator to the poles and back through convection. In the ferry cell located between the Equatorial Hadley cell and the polar, the air masses rotate in the opposite to the expected direction. So, the cold air from the upper layers of the atmosphere is lowered down, it is transferred, heating at the surface, to the poles, and lifting to the border with the polar cell, loses heat. Coriolis strength rejects near-surface air flows, twisting them from the west to the East and creating a wet system western windswhich actually blow from the southwest in the northern hemisphere and from the North-West in South.

On land in moderate belts, these winds create two characteristic climatic sectors: the coecianic and intramicious. The coechotic climate along Western coasts is distinguished by rich precipitation and moderate temperatures due to the proximity of the ocean and the action of warm Western winds. The close of the sea performs the function of the temperature controller, in the summer slowly warming up, and in the winter slowly cooling.

From the evaporating oceans of water, giving abundant sediments of the clouds are formed. This explains the weather change. As a result of the interaction between the ocean and the areas of reduced and high pressure, cyclones and anticyclones arise.

Cyclones are areas of raising warm air, tightening air from the surrounding atmosphere, which creates clouds and rotates under the action of Coriolis (counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in South). Anticyclones are areas of lower cold air, which pushes air and rotates in the opposite cyclone direction. Often they contribute to the scattering of the clouds and can be more stable cyclones.

Intramic climate

In the internal territories of large sushi arrays established continental climatefor which the strong temperature changes are characteristic. Without the proximity of the oceans, their weather system is less prone to change. Anticyclones often dominate over them, opening access to seasonal sunlight. As a result, the spring the Earth is quickly heated and the protracted hot summer comes, and after its cooling, the harsh cold winter comes in the fall.

It is obvious that the differences in Sushi Square in the Southern and Northern moderate belts create differences in general between hemispheres. The distribution of sushi and the sea north of the equator is ideal for the formation of cyclones and anticyclones. In fact, the main cyclone systems affecting the temperature in the north are tropical hurricanes, which arise near the Caribbean sea, are then transferred to the northeast along the coast of North America and retreat in the Atlantic Ocean.

In the southern moderate belt, cyclones and other weather phenomena are formed with cold air, which moves to the equator and occurs with warm air heading towards poles. This creates around the planet by 50-60 ° south latitude almost permanent cyclone belt.

Life in moderate climate

Since climatic conditions are significantly changed with the lamps and progress of the continents, a variety of vegetation grows in moderate belts. In the north of the border with the Arctic, the surface of the planet is looking for a wide taiga subzone in which they prevail coniferous forestsWell carrying harsh winters. South appear broadly trees dropping in winter to the foliage.

Conditions inside the continent often so dry (with an annual amount of precipitation less than 50 cm) that large plants cannot survive. Therefore, forest-steppe and steppe subzones were formed here, for example, Prairie in North America and the steppe in Central Asia, in which low-speed herbal vegetation prevails. At the same time, some Western coasts receive the amount of precipitation (annually more than 1.4 m), sufficient for the development of moderate rain forests, for example, in New Zealand, Japan and in the north-west of North America.

The life of animals and people also depends on the climate. Large herds of herbivore animals once wandered in the steppes, and predators hunted them. Today is this natural system It has been preserved only in some regions, since the human activity for more than 10,000 years since the first agricultural revolution has changed vast territory beyond recognition.

In many places, the meadows are sown with grain crops, the herd of wild herbivores is almost exterminated and replaced by domesticated species, and predators consider the threat to humans and livestock. In an inaccessible person regions, such as impassable rainforests And the highlands, the situation is a bit better, but the consequences of people's activities are beginning to be felt here.

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As you know, our planet is divided into climatic belts - territory with a homogeneous climate, stuffing land. They differ from each other not only by the domination of a certain air mass, which, by the way, determines the boundaries of the belt, but also atmospheric pressure, temperature and the amount of precipitation drop-down.

In total, there are 13 climatic belts: 7 basic and 6 transition. Their number includes the so-called moderate. Let us dwell on it in more detail.

Moderate climatic belt is the main climatic belt extending between 40-70 ° northern latitude and 40-55 ° of southern latitude. More than half of the surface of the moderate belt in the northern hemisphere takes sushi, while in the southern almost everything is covered with water.

Characteristics of moderate climatic belt.

Common moderate air mass is raised atmosphere pressure and increased humidity, which and dominate moderate climates. Seasons here are quite clearly pronounced, all thanks to the accurate change of temperature depending on the season. Winter in a temperate climate is cold, with abundance of snow, spring colorful and blooming, summer warm, and autumn rainy and windy. The precipitation falls about 500-800 mm for the year.

Climate of moderate climatic belt.

The climate in moderate latitudes is determined by the proximity of the territories to the ocean. Select 5 climate types inherent in this belt:

Monsonic climate.

It is formed on the eastern outskirts of Eurasia. The main feature of such climate is a sharp moisture change throughout the year. For example, in summer, the abundant amount of precipitation falls, respectively, the humidity is high. In winter, on the contrary: the weather stands dry and humidity is very low.

Monsonic climate of moderate latitudes prevails in the Far East of Russia (Primorye, the average of the Amur River), in the north of Japan, as well as in the north-east of China. In winter, it is formed due to the removal of continental air masses on the periphery of the Asian Anticyclone, and the sea air masses affect its occurrence. All indicators (the amount of precipitation, temperature, humidity) differ during the year, the highest marks are observed in the summer.

Marine climate.

It is formed under the influence of the atmosphere of oceanic spaces. It is characterized by small temperature fluctuations during the year and day, high humidity, as well as deposit for 1-2 months of the highest and low temperatures. The greatest amount of precipitation falls in winter, autumn here is warmer spring. The warmest month is August, and the coldest February, all this due to the fact that the aquatic masses are slower than dry, heated and cooled. The air of the sea climate is characterized by an increased content of marine salts and low dustiness.

Sharply continental climate.

It is found only in the northern hemisphere, since there is no sushi in moderate latitudes, due to which continental air masses are not formed.

This climate is formed in the south of Siberia and in its mountains. Summer in these territories warm and sunny (+ 16-20 °), and winter frost (-25-45 °). The sediments fall in the summer more often than in winter, their peak falls on July.

The weather here is rich in anticyclones, the moisture is low, there is little precipitation (400 mm), winds are noble. For a sharp continental climate, a high fluctuation of annual and daily temperatures is also characteristic.

Moderately continental climate.

This type of climate is also formed in the northern hemisphere, everything for the same reason. It is most widely distributed in Siberia and Transbaikalia.

In winter, the so-called Siberian (Asian) anticyclone is formed here: the air is cooled to -30 ° -40 °. This time is longer than in the summer, but the precipitation falls more precisely in the warm season (50-60 mm). The average annual precipitation is 375 mm.

For a moderately continental climate, both are also characteristic: small cloudiness, fast air heating day and its sharp cooling at night, deep labeled earth.

Continental climate.

In moderate latitudes, this type of climate is characterized by a large annual and daily air amplitude. Winter here is cold, summer roast. Unlike sea climate, continental has a lower average annual temperature and humidity, as well as an increased level of air dusting. It often meets small clouds, the annual precipitation is also small. In addition, the continental climate is characterized by the presence strong winds (In some zones, dust storms occur).

Temperature values \u200b\u200bof moderate climatic belt.

As already mentioned, a sharp seasonal temperature change is characteristic of a moderate belt. In winter, the indicators are always below zero, the average air is cooled to -10 °. In the summer, the thermometer will show no lower than + 15 °. Temperature decreases as it approaches one of the poles. The maxima (+ 35 °) are found on the border with subtropics, and on the border with a subepolar strip it is always cool: not higher + 20 °.

Natural zones of moderate climatic belt.

In moderate latitudes, 3 main types of natural zones are distinguished: forests, forest-steppes, arid zones.

Forest zone

Taiga

For forests, the taiga zone, mixed and large forests is characteristic.

Taiga is located in two continents: North America and Eurasia. Its area is 15 km 2. The relief is predominantly plain, rarely intersects with river valleys. Because of the harsh climate of the soil, weak, large deciduous trees in the taiga do not grow. Moreover, the needles containing poisonous substances from coniferous plants are depleted by a scanty ground.

Winter here frosty, dry, last more than six months. Summer is short, but warm. Spring and autumn is also very short. The highest temperature in the tundra reaches + 21 °, and the lowest is -54 °.

Mixed forests

Mixed forests can be called a transitional link between taiga and wide forests. By name it is not difficult to guess that coniferous and leaf fall trees grow in this area. Mixed forests stretch in Russia, New Zealand, North and South America.

The climate of the zone of mixed forests is soft enough. In winter, the temperature drops to -15 °, in the summer reaches + 17 ° -224 °. The summer period is warmer here than in the taiga.

For this zone is also characteristic of the larriness of vegetation: the type changes varying the height. The highest tier makes oaks, spruce and pines. The second tier includes birch, linden and wild apple tree. The third - Kalina and Rowan (the lowest trees), the fourth consists of shrubs (rosehip, raspberry). The last, fifth, filled with herbs, mshami and lichens.

Wide forests

Wide forests consist mainly of deciduous plants. The climate in this zone is gentle: the winter is soft, summer is long and warm.

In particularly dense parts of the herbal cover zone, the land is poorly due to the dense crowns of trees, the land is covered with a dense layer of fallen foliage, which, with decomposition, saturates forest soils.

Zone forest-steppe

The forest-steppe is a vegetation belt in Eurasia, characterized by changing forests and steppes. As it moves to the south, the number of trees and falling precipitation decreases, steppes appear, the climate becomes more hot. Moving in the northern direction, you can observe the reverse picture.

About climate: For a forest-steppe, a cool winter with a abundance of snow and a roast wet summer. average temperature January is -2 ° -20 °, July - + 18 ° -25 °.

The soil cover of the forest-steppe contains a lot of humus, is characterized by a steady structure. These soils can be cultivated, but without excessive plowing.

Arid zones make up the steppes, semi-deserts and deserts.

Arid zones: steppes, deserts and semi-desert

Steppe

The steppes are located between the seating area and the forest-steppe. main feature This zone is aridness.

The climate here fluctuates between moderately continental and sharp continental. Summer is very sunny, and winter windy, albeit a little snow. The average annual precipitation is 250-450 mm.

Steppe soils are represented mainly by black mills, with the promotion of south becomes less fertile, replaced with brown soils with an admixture of salts. Due to its fertility, steppe soils are used for growing various garden and crops, and also disassembled under pastures.

Desert

The deserts stretch away from the oceans, which is why they are unattainable for moisture winds. From here their main property is excessive dryness. Humidity during the year almost zero.

Due to dry air, dry air is not protected from solar radiation, so in the daytime clock, the temperature rises to + 50 °: there is a sewage heat. Nevertheless, there is a sharp cooling due to rapid soil cooling. Sometimes daily temperature amplitudes reach 40 °.

The relief of the desert is significantly different from other zones. Here there are mountains, plains and a plateau, however, they are created by wind and stormy water threads after showers, so they have an unusual look.

Semi-desert

The semi-desert is transition from the steppe to the desert zone. It extends to Eurasia from the Caspian lowland to East China.

A sharp continental climate prevails here, winter is cold enough (-20 °). The amount of precipitation for the year is 150-250 mm.

Soil semi-desert light-chestnuts (poor humus), as in the steppe, there are also brown deserts. As it moves to the south, desert properties are enhanced, and steppe fade. The characteristic vegetation is a hollow-cereal, growing broken.

Countries of moderate climatic belt.

A moderate climatic belt occupies a rather extensive territory. It extends to Eurasia, America and worst both northern and southern hemisphere.

North hemisphere:

North America: USA, Canada;
Europe: Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine, Belarus, Croatia, Austria, Switzerland, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Italy, France, United Kingdom, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Belgium, Netherlands;
Asia: DPRK, China, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and part of Russia.

Southern Hemisphere:

South America: Chile, Argentina;
tasmania Island;
French Yuzhnopolar Territories;
New Zealand.

Moderate climatic belt in Russia

On the territory of the Russian Federation, this belt is the most extended and populated. In this regard, it is divided into 5 areas that differ from each other by the climate:

In the field of sea climate, Magadan and the Okhotsk Sea are located.
The region of the monsoon climate is made up by Vladivostok and the Amur River, which flows into the Okhotsk Sea.
The sharp continental climate consists of Cheats, Yakutsk and Lake Baikal.
The continental climate has absorbed Tobolsk and Krasnoyarsk.
In the field of moderately continental climate, Moscow, St. Petersburg and Astrakhan are located.

Animal world of moderate climatic belt.

Diversity climatic conditions In a moderate climatic belt, many representatives of the animal world gave rise to. In large green forests, you can meet birds and herbivores, many here and predators located on the top of the food chain. Consider typical representatives of these territories.

Red panda, or as it is also called - small. It dwells in China. To date, it is listed in the Red Book as an extinct view.

This is the nicely animal looks like a small cat, raccoon or fox. The dimensions of the Red Panda are small: males weigh 3.7-6.2 kg, females about 6 kg. The body length is 51-64 cm. A large fluffy tail serves as pandas not only for beauty, but also as an attribute for traveling by trees.

The muzzle of these animals is short, the eyes-beads of dark-card color, black spout looks like a dog.

Despite such a pretty appearance, red pandas are predators. However, in fact, they practically do not feed on animals, the basis of their diet is a bamboo, but due to the structure of the predator's stomach, only a small part of the eaten is absorbed. Therefore, sometimes you have to hunt small rodents. In addition, dwarf pandas feed on berries and mushrooms.

Zaryanka - Little bird of the family of Drozdov. The name comes from the word "Zarya": it is at that time she starts singing. It dwells throughout Europe.

Differs in small sizes: body length 14 cm, wings scope 20 cm, weighs the charge of only 16 g.

Color among males and females are the same: bright back and bluish feathers on the neck and sides.

Purchases in the main insects (spiders, beetles, worms). In winter, berries and seeds (rowan, currant, spruce seeds) are preferred.

Belohal deer - Another representative of the moderate climatic belt. It dwells in North America, mainly in the south of Canada.

The dimensions of whitewate deer vary depending on the territory of the residence. The average weight of males is 68 kg, females - 45 kg. Average height in the withers 55-120 cm, the tail length is 10-37 cm.

Colorless deer color changes in accordance with the time of the year: in the spring and summer the skiing of red-brown, and in the fall and winter gray-brown. Tail in these deer brown, and on the end of white. With a raised tail, these animals sign on the impending danger. Branchy horns grow only in males who drop them at the end of the marriage season.

The diet of white-tailed deer is diverse, the stomach allows them to enjoy even a poisonous ivy. They also feed on berries, fruits, acorns and grass. Sometimes they eat mice and chicks.

In this way, temperate climatethe virgin belt can be called the most interesting of all existing with a climate developed on it and a diverse animal world.

Published: 08.04.2018 Category: Author's essay

Russia is immense and multifaceted: it is located immediately in two parts of light (Europe and Asia). Due to large sizes, it is in several climatic belts. Climatic features are formed under the influence of many factors to which the temperature indicators include air humidity, the amount of solar heat and the movement of air masses. The following climatic belts of Russia are distinguished: arctic, subarctic, moderate and subtropical.

Arctic belt

The Arctic climatic belt of Russia is characterized by the influence of the Arctic air masses round year, low sun, long, frosty winter, small amounts of precipitation and lack of summer. Medium winter T -30-35 degrees. Summer T rises slightly above 0 degrees. In winter, the polar night dominates, at this time the surface of the earth is not heated. Summer under the action of sunlight melts snow. Proximity to the sea determines the temperature in a region with an arctic climate. So in January on the islands T -25-30 degrees, and on the mainland -35 degrees.

The area of \u200b\u200binfluence of the Arctic climate: the islands and coast of the Arctic Ocean (Siberia). The natural zone of this region is Tundra.

Features of rest

The population of the northern regions is small, however, people live here. Tourists attracts unique nature, ice, extreme. In recent years, cognitive tourism has been developing here.

Currently, in the Arctic you can make a cruise on the icebreaker to the North Pole, see the White Bears, feel the piercing frost, to visit harsh environments. As part of the trip, tourists will be offered a tour of a sailboat, a walk on dog sledding, skiing. Few courage to such a journey, and it will be expensive, but the Arctic is worth going to visit here.

Especially lucky tourists can witness the Northern Lights - a unique, beautiful phenomenon that can be seen in the Arctic. To catch it is not easy, the best period for this phenomenon is the period from September to March.

In addition, you can feel and feel polar night, at this time the sun does not appear at all. A polar night can last from one day to six months in various places.

Here you can also see unique animals and birds inhabiting in the northern regions - seals, sands, walrles, polar sides and others.

Subarctic belt

The map of Russia's climatic belts shows that the subarctic climatic belt occupies a zone located in the north of the western part of Russia and reaches 60 ° S.Sh. In the Siberian part of the country. Subarctic includes the northern zone of Eastern Siberia, the Far East, some Islands of the Barents Sea.

The weather in this type of climate is less severe than the artician, especially in summer. Winter here are long, frosty, with penetrating winds and snowfalls, T varies from -10 to -48 depending on the region.

Summer is warmer than arctic. The average T in July, which is the warmest month of the year, varies from +4 to +12, depending on the area. In summer, freezing is also possible.

The weather in the winter season depends on the effect of cold arctic air, in the summer period is controlled by moderate air masses. The precipitation here falls much larger than in the neighboring Arctic. The subarctic belt is characterized by a swampy terrain, the reason for this is frequent precipitates that do not evaporate due to the lack of the sun.

Features of rest

Climatic belts In Russia, there are relaxation features. The harsh winter of the subarctic will be attractive to a little: freezing frost, a blizzard, abundant snowfall. Drinking tourists can ride snowmobiles, skiing, sledding, snowboarding and skiing, to become a member of various relay. Summer is a great time to go to the forest for mushrooms and berries, to divide, visit the reserves, visit the lakes.

The subarctic territory is not strongly caught. But in this climate there are major cities - Norilsk, Anadyr, Murmansk, Yakutsk, Oymyakon and others. Within the framework of cities, you can visit theaters, cinemas, museums and other attractions. IN summer time - stroll through parks or streets, see monuments and sculptures.

Subarctic is mostly Tundra and Fierotundra, wetlands. Vegetation in this area is dwarf trees and shrubs, mosses and lichens, some types of berries (cloudberries, toloknyanka). In the subarctic climate live reindeer, foxes, wolves. Look at wildlife Subarctic can be accompanied by experienced people who know.

Moderate climatic belt

Moderate climatic belt (UKP) occupies most of Russia. Russia's climatic belts are different weather phenomena: The action of air masses, the presence of the sun and the degree of heat. UKP corresponds to the effect of atmospheric masses from moderate zones. In the winter, the sun is a bit cold; In the summer, it is quite warm, a sufficient amount of sun and precipitation.

The map of the climatic belts of Russia in the zone of the moderate belt is divided into four types of climate. The clear boundaries of the climatic belts of Russia can be seen on the map, here you can see the division of a moderate belt by climate type.

Moderate continental climate

Moderately continental climate (PCC) is characteristic of the West of Russia. The map of Russia's climatic belts shows that this type of climate is peculiar to cities: St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, Volgograd and others.

The distinctive features of the CHK is a long-term cold winter and summer, with a sufficient amount of heat and sun. The weather is influenced by the weather of the atmospheric masses of the Atlantic. Sunny weather and clear sky, windiness - phenomena peculiar to such a type of climate.

The amount of precipitation changes: in the northern regions - excess, in the central territory - the norm, in the southern part - disadvantage. Ticket T is also different in the north and in the south. In winter in the northern regions, the average T -6 degrees, south -11 degrees. In the summer, the average T in the north is +12 degrees, in the south +24 degrees. Thaws are possible in winter and spring.

Features of rest

Russia's climatic belts affect the peculiarities of rest in the regions. In the European part of Russia, where Ukk is dominated, focused a large number of major cities and capital - Moscow. They represent a variety of holidays for residents and tourists, ranging from visiting museums and restaurants to various festivals and festivities. But many are interested in where to spend time in nature.

At any time of the year in the city or outside the city, you can relax in the pension or sanatorium, which is enough in this region. Here, in addition to the treatment, tourists will rest, ride fresh air and change the situation.

The unique medical lake Elton in the Volgograd region will attract the attention of those who decided to restore their health. The picturesque lake Seliger in the Tver region is the famous place of recreation and holding various festivals. The Golden Ring is one of the most popular Russian routes, where you can see the creations of human hands: white monasteries, churches. The North Capital St. Petersburg will conquer white nights and recruiting bridges.

Karelia is an environmentally friendly place, tourists are striving for a sip of fresh air, picturesque nature, here you can see the purest transparent lakes.

Cruises on the endless Volga will be interested in those who want to see several cities of the Volga region, extraordinary landscapes.

All of Russia's climatic belts are interesting in their own way, in QCED special attention should be paid to architectural monuments and natural attractions.

Continental climate

Due to the smaller impact of the Atlantic in the territory where the continental climate (CC) dominates, less precipitation, frosty winters and significant fluctuations in t. The average T in January -28 degrees, in the summer +15 degrees. The amount of precipitation in the north is greater (600 mm) than in the south (400 mm).

The climatic belts of Russia include the territory on which cities and uninhabited land are located. The central and southern part of Western Siberia gets into the KK zone: cities of Tobolsk, Omsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Barnaul.

Features of rest

The territory under the rule of KK is rich in natural attractions.

It is here that the Republic of Altai is located, where they rest and in the summer, and in winter. Summer holiday in Altai is one of the most popular destinations in Russia. Scenic, pristine nature, active entertainment, horseback riding, excursions in caves, rapid alloys mountain rivers - All this can be obtained as part of a trip to Altai.

The largest swamp in the world (Vasyuganskoy) is located on the territory of the Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Omsk regions. In Krasnoyarsk, you can visit the "Pillars" reserve in Eastern Sayanov.

The largest ski complex with many trained tracks and trails for Free-Raid is located in the village of Sheregesh Kemerovo region. Here they can ride both experienced skiers and snowboarders, and those who are just starting. Sheregesh is fresh air, excellent riding and soft real snow.

Therapeutic salted lakes of Khakassia (Tus, Belly and others) are very popular among holidaymakers in summer. In addition to the bases that are located in close proximity to the lakes, you can relax in the tents of savages.

Most cities located in the territory where KK dominates, large with developed infrastructure. On vacation cities you can visit museums, entertainment centers, theaters, go to the movies, walk along the embankments and squares.

Outside the cities, you can relax in boarding houses and sanatoriums, go to the summer picnic, capturing a tent with you. In the autumn time, a good "harvest" of mushrooms and berries can be collected in the forest.

Sharply continental climate

The climatic belts of Russia depend on several factors, including the air masses coming from the oceans. In the case of a sharp continental climate (RKK), the Atlantic Ocean "allows" the summer to be warm, and the winter is very cold. In winter, T can descend to -48 degrees, it is even lower than in the Arctic. Winter begins in November, sometimes snow can go in October. Summer short, with t + 16 + 20 degrees.

The boundaries of the climatic belts of Russia are not clear. The city, located at the junction, is under the action of air masses of the neighboring territory. In the RKK zone is Eastern Siberia and the city of Ulan-Ude, Irkutsk, Chita and others.

Features of rest

The pearl and most popular holiday destination at any time of the year in this region is Lake Baikal. Tourists seek here with beauty, emotions and clean air. In winter, the year for the frozen lake skate, sleigh, snowmobiles, and even on cars. The "rumble" of cracking ice and incredible natural "drawings" on it produce an incredible impression on those who come to relax on Baikal. In the warm season, there is also a large number of excursions and entertainment. Many broke tents on the shore and rest "savages".

In Chita, tourists can be visited national Park Alkhanai, where you can enjoy the beautiful nature, feed the "manual" chipmunks and birds, breathe clean air.

A large number of reserves, national parks are located in Buryatia. Here you can see animals, birds and plants. Tourism is developing in this region along various routes.

Particular attention is paid to event tourism and festivals. Sports are held, ski, ski racing. It is arranged ethnic festivals, a Buddhist holiday, widely celebrate the new year.

Monsonic climate

The Far East is under the influence of the monsoon climate (MK). The city of Magadan, Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Kuril Islands fall into the MK zone. Weather conditions in the cold season depend on the continental air masses, and in the warm - Pacific air. The average T with this type of climate in the frost time of the year -20-32 degrees. In winter, the sediment - the phenomenon is infrequent. IN summer months Average T + 16 + 20 degrees often come rain.

Features of rest

Russia's climatic belts differ not only on weather conditions, but also how and where people rest. In the region in MK, popular recreational, active and educational tourism.

Volcanoes of Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands attract tourists with their inaccessibility and beauty. Some volcanoes of the Kuril Islands are hard enough to get, but those who want to overcome the difficult path to enjoy beautiful views.

Kamchatka is a place where come to see the Valley of Geysers. Helicopter tours are organized here. In the valley you can see beyond geysers, lakes, thermal sites, waterfalls and other natural attractions.

A large number of waterfalls is located on Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands. Some of them are hard to approach, and you have to look at the sea.

In each of the cities, cognitive tourism was organized: in museums of various focus you can find out information about the history of the development of a city, ethnic features, culture and art.

In Vladivostok, you can see modern bridges connecting different parts of the city. Numerous bays, among the largest of which - Avachinskaya, will affect beauty.

A large number of sanatoriums and favorable natural conditions in this area allow you to develop therapeutic tourism. Fresh air, mineral waters, different kinds Improvements, beautiful landscapes - contribute to the development of sanatorium treatment here.

Subtropical climatic belt

All Russia's climatic belts occupy a significant area except subtropical, it is the smallest of the belt. The subtropical climatic belt includes the cities of the Black Sea coast (Sochi, Anapa, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk, Krasnodar and others), South Coast of Crimea (Yalta, Alushta, Sudak, Sevastopol and others). Despite the fact that the map of Russia's climatic belts shows that the territory of the SCP is small, it is very densely populated.

In the subtropical climate, winter temperatures are rarely lowered below zero, and the average T is positive. Caucasian Mountains are a barrier for cold air masses. For this type of climate, a cool winter with small freezes of up to -10 degrees and a hot long summer are peculiar. The hottest months - July and August, summer lasts from the end of April to October. The average summer T in Sochi is +29 degrees, in Vladikavkaz +22 degrees. Average winter t in Sochi +8, in Vladikavkaz -1 degree. This climate is characterized by a sufficient amount of precipitation throughout the year.

Features of rest

The territory in which the subtropical climate is dominated is the most suitable for rest. Recreational, therapeutic, educational and other types of tourism are developed here.

Summer period on the Black Sea coast - favorite time For tourists, the maximum number of vacationers come here in July-August. Warm sea, magnificent landscapes, sun, clean air - this is what attracts tourists here. In each of the cities on the Black Sea there are attractions: architectural monuments, historical places, modern buildings, entertainment centers, interesting places created by nature.

IN winter months Ski complexes with highways work in Sochi and Elbrus various category difficulties. In addition to the trained tracks there are highways for freeride. Learn to ride anything thanks to easy slides and work with instructors.

Favorable climate, sea availability, fresh air, a large number of sunny days and the presence of a medical base contributed to the development of health tourism in these regions. Many hospitals, sanatoriums are ready to take tourists throughout the year.

In the cities located at sea, in the warm season you can organize a walk on a boat or yacht by sea. Here you can ride water skiing, scooter, "banana".

The presence of the sea has a diving. Immersed with an experienced instructor, the marine strata can be seen in the inhabitants and underwater landscapes.

Knowledge of what climatic belts are located Russia and information on them, gives an understanding of weather conditions in a particular city or region. The most favorable for accommodation and tourism belt is subtropical, where tourists are striving throughout the year. Moderate climate occupies the largest area, the bulk of the cities of Russia and including the capital is here. The Arctic and subarctic belt is the most severe and unacceptable for life, however, people behind emotions, ecology and beautiful natural phenomena go here.

A moderate climatic belt is present on all continents of land, except Antarctica. In the southern and northern hemisphere, they have some features. In general, temperate climate is 25% ground surface. Distinctive feature This climate is that it is inherent in all seasons, and four seasons are clearly traced. Basic is a hot summer and frosty winter, transitional - spring and autumn.

Changing seasons

In winter, the air temperature drops significantly below the zero of degrees, on average -20 degrees Celsius, and the minimum is lowered to -50. Sedips fall out in the form of snow and cover the ground with a thick layer, which in different countries keeps from a few weeks to several months. There are many cyclones.

Summer in moderate climate is quite roast - the temperature is more than +20 degrees Celsius, and in some places and +35 degrees. The average annual precipitation rate in various regions varies from 500 to 2000 millimeters, which depends on the remoteness from the seas and oceans. Quite a lot of rains falls in summer, sometimes up to 750 mm per season. In transition seasons, minus and positive temperatures can be held different times. In some territories more heat, and in others - coolness. In some regions, autumn is rainy enough.

In a moderate climatic belt, a thermal energy with other latitudes occurs during the year. Also carried out the transfer of water vapor from the world's ocean to land. Here there is a sufficiently large amount of reservoirs inside the mainland.

Subtypes of moderate climates

By virtue of the influence of some climatic factors, such subspecies of a moderate belt were formed:

sea - summer is not very roast with plenty of precipitation, and soft winter;
musson - weather mode depends on the circulation of air masses, namely monsoon;
transition from marine to continental;
cut-continental - winter harsh and cold, and the summer is short and not particularly roast.

Features of moderate climates

In moderate climates, various natural zonesBut most often it is, as well as broader, mixed. Sometimes there is a steppe. Animal world Presented according to individuals for forests and steppes.

Thus, moderate climate covers most of Eurasia and North America, in Australia, Africa and South America Posted by several foci. This is a very special climatic belt, it is distinguished by the fact that all seasons are pronounced in it.