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River Mzymta large river... The length is 89 (eighty nine) kilometers. This is the largest waterway Russian Federation flowing into.
Place-name Mzymta (Mdzimta, Midzimta, Mezyumta, Mizimta)
Mdvaa, abkhaz; Mdavai, Adyg - Medozyui tribe that lived along the banks of the river. That, Adygo-Abkhaz. - valley, gorge. That is, Mzymta is the valley (of the tribe) of the Medozuis.
The left tributary of the headwaters of the Mzymta, the Azmich river, if the decoding of the Azmich toponym is extended to the entire Mzymta river, then we get:
Mzi, ubykh is a child; chi, ubykh - a child. Those. Mzymta is a valley of a river born in the snow.
Dzi (dzi), abh. - a spring, a source. Those. Mzymta is a sunny valley.
Mzymta's food is mixed: rain and glacier. The Mzymta River is fed by 4 (four) glaciers on the southern slope of the Pseashkho ridge and 6 (six) glaciers on the northern slope of the Aibga ridge. The Mzymta is the only river in the Sochi Black Sea region that has a flood during the period of active snow melting (spring-summer). The water level in the river can rise up to 5 (five) meters.
Lake Kardyvach - the source of the Mzymta
... Coming out of the lake, the stormy Mzymta is pacified and hides from human eyes. A whole kilometer of river water goes underground and appears on sunlight only during the period of active snow melting. Further in the river bed is the Emerald Waterfall. In its run to the sea, Mzymta crosses 3 (three) powerful gorges - Grecheskoe (passes through the Southern side ridge), Akh-Tsu and Akhshtyrskoe. The Mzymta flows into the Black Sea near the village of Adler, forming a powerful fan.The valley of the Mzymta River is full of attractions. There are several weakly mineralized narzans, a group of mysterious dolmens, in the area of the Akhshtyr gorge there is a camp ancient man... Ruins of Genoese fortresses are located in the villages of Monastyr and Esto-Sadok. Have survived historical monuments, indicating that the valley of the Mzymta River was in ancient times a very lively place where the Great Silk Road passed and caravans went to Byzantium.
Economic use
The Krasnopolyanskaya HPP is located in the bed of the Mzymta River, which supplies the village with electricity a and life support facilities: the city hospitals of Sochi, Adler and Khosta, as well as the Trout farm. Trout Farm is Sochi's leading institution specializing in river trout breeding. Here, 3 (three) varieties of trout, sturgeon and carp are grown in cages.
In 2013, a new road was put into operation, combined with a railway, with a length of 43 (forty three) kilometers, which connected the Olympic facilities of the mountain and coastal clusters.
In the middle course of the river, in the area of the village of Esto-Sadok, there are 3 (three) ski resorts. The largest of them, Rosa Khutor, positions itself as a tourist center in the summer. Rafting is carried out in the channel of the Mzymta. Rafting in the lower reaches of the river in the area of the Akhshtyr gorge is also very popular.
Before the construction of a new highway in the Mzymta floodplain, combined with a railway, the canyon of the Ah-Tsu gorge was used by kayakers for training swims.
Main tributaries:
- Kepsha river, 27 km
- Chvezhypse river, 31 km
- Monashka river, 40 km
- river Beshenka, 42 km
- river Laura, 50 km
- Pslukh river, 57 km
Technical reference
Water body code - 06030000312109100000790
Location - Black Sea
The length of the Mzymta River is 89 kilometers. It flows into the Black Sea
Drainage area - 885 km²
Belongs to the Kuban Basin District.
River basin - Black Sea rivers
Water management area - r eki of the Black Sea basin from the western border of the Shepsi river basin to the Psou (Russian border with Georgia)
the most abundant and largest river of the ChPK, has a length of 89 km. The river begins on the northeastern slope of Lyub (2970.4 m), located in the southern spur of the GKH. According to some sources, hydronym means or. But on old maps the name has a different look: Mdzimta, Miadzimta, Mezyumta, Medzyumta. The latter bears a resemblance to the Abaza Medozuy tribe. The village of Medoveevka is a distorted name for an ethnos, i.e. he gave a name to the river. According to the Ubykh (ethnos) version, the toponym can mean or. In the upper reaches of the Mzymta River, on the right side of the valley, there is the Mzymta tract of the same name. The most significant tributaries of the Mzymta River include the Achipse and Chvizhepse rivers.
V. N. Koveshnikov Essays on toponymy of the Kuban
There are possible, and even likely to be, typos and inaccuracies caused by both scanning and post-processing. Alone all of them "catch" the strength is not enough, but you can - I will correct. Also, due to the fact that this collection of dictionary entries contains books by several authors, different interpretations of the same name are possible - this is normal - the truth is born in a dispute. I would be grateful for the sent additions, clarifications and other works on toponymy
Comments:
Message from: AzamatMzymta: River, Adler district of Sochi. From the Abaza "A moonless place": mzy - month, moon; m - affix of negation of infinite and finite verb forms; ta - verb prefix denot. direction of action into something, inside something, from top to bottom; finding, staying in something, inside something; ta - camp, location. Possible variant: Mzymta is the place where the moon is reflected (the place of the moon). On old maps, in articles and reports, they wrote: "Mdzimta", "Midzimta", "Mezyumta" and, finally, "Medzyumta".
Message from: Oleg
Mzymta is a lunar place in the Abkhaz language, while literally it is not necessary to come up with all sorts of versions here. Ask any child who speaks the Abkhaz language and he will translate it into Russian - exactly the "lunar place". It's no secret that the Abkhaz lived on both sides of this river until 1964 (END OF THE CAUCASIAN WAR). It is worth noting, for the sake of justice, that the Abkhaz lived in close contact with the Ubykhs, Adyghes, Circassians, Karachais, Kabardians and other peoples, which to this day constitute one language group.
Message from: Murat
Oleg, with all due respect, I would advise you never to write comments on topics that you do not understand. In this case, the Adyghe are Circassians, Kabardians, Ubykhs - these are Circassians. One people, whose relatives are Abkhazians (Abazins). How you dragged the Turkic-speaking Karachais here is not clear.
The Karachay-Balkars are undoubtedly respected people, but there are situations when confusing a Caucasian Circassian with a Caucasian Karachai could cost you your life.
Message from: Zaur
Murat, brother, answered correctly)))
River "Mzymta" The Mzymta River is the largest and most abundant of the rivers of the Black Sea coast within the Krasnodar Territory. Mzymta originates on the southern slope of the Main Caucasian ridge in the area of Mount Loyub, at an altitude of 2980 m. Having made a path of 89 km among the mountains. Mzymta flows into the Black Sea at Adler.
Translated from Circassian Mzymta means "mad", and it fully justifies its name, as it is a turbulent mountain river, quickly and noisily carrying its foaming waters between steep rocky shores. At the very source of the Mzymta, it looks like a mountain stream falling from a steepness in cascades of clean and transparent cold water... Two kilometers from the source, the river flows into the picturesque alpine lake Kardyvach, about 0.5 km long. It is located at an altitude of 1850 m, in a deep hollow and surrounded by high mountains. Nature is beautiful here: variegated green carpets of alpine meadows, dark greenery are pleasing to the eye coniferous forests on the slopes of the mountains, sparkling snowfields.
From Lake Kardyvach Mzymta flows out as a calm river with clear cold water and flows at first, meandering in the low meadow banks. Then the river valley narrows. Mzymta, raging, breaks through a narrow crevice and rapidly falls down a waterfall with a mighty rumble, scattering cascades of spray. This waterfall, called Emerald, has a fall height of about 15 m. It presents an insurmountable obstacle even for a swift trout, and it does not occur above the waterfall, while there are quite a few below it.
Many tributaries flow into the Mzymta, the largest of them are Pslukh, Pudziko, Chvizhepse. On the tributaries of the Mzymta, fast mountain rivers, there are a number of waterfalls.
At 46 - 48 km from the source on the right bank of the Mzymta, in a picturesque valley, there is the working village of Krasnaya Polyana at an altitude of about 600 m above sea level. Even further downstream, the Mzymta valley narrows again, since the river, breaking through here through the Aibga-Achishkho ridge, forms the Greek gorge. Its shores are composed of dark gray Jurassic shale. Falling steeply, the river, squeezed by rocks, has a rapid rapids. During floods in the narrowest part of the gorge, the water horizon can rise higher than usual, up to 5 meters or more.
Having escaped from the Greek Gorge, the river widens its valley, and the floodplain here is 100 to 500 m wide. However, after about 1.5 km, the river valley narrows sharply again. Here Mzymta cuts through the Akhtsu-Katsirkha mountain range and forms its deepest and longest gorge, Akhtsu, reminiscent of the famous Daryal gorge. The width of the gorge along the bottom in some places is only 8 - 10 m, its slopes are composed of very hard and dense limestones of the Jurassic age. Not reaching 19 km to the sea, Mzymta crosses the Akhshtyr mountain range. The river flows through a narrow gorge called the Akhshtyr Gate. The lower course of the river begins behind this gorge. Its valley widens again, and the river takes on a flat character. The last 6 km of the Mzymta flows along a wide flat terrace made of river sediments. The river splits into sleeves and winds along the floodplain. The banks here are very unstable, easily eroded during floods and need to be strengthened.
Karst caves are one of the attractions of the Mzymta valley. The most famous is the Akhshtyr cave, located opposite the village of Akhshtyr, 15 km from Adler. It was formed under the influence of groundwater on the right steep, rocky bank of the Mzymta. The entrance to it is at an altitude of about 120 m above the level of the river. The length of the cave is about 150 m, the width is up to 9 m and the height in some places reaches 10 m.
Of the Krasnodar Territory, the skittish Mzymta carries its waters. The river has a difficult character, which is very popular with rafting enthusiasts. Its picturesque shores do not leave tourists indifferent, and cold waters can not only give pleasure from rafting, but also provoke man-made accidents. It is about this obstinate beauty that today's story will go.
Short description
On the territory of Russia, the Mzymta River is one of the largest waterways flowing into the Black Sea. On average, it annually throws about 1.4 km³ into the depths of the sea. fresh water... The river is over 89 km long and the catchment area covers 885 km².
The source of the river should be sought on the slopes of the Main Caucasian ridge, at an altitude of more than 2400 m (the base of Mount Loyub). The upper reaches of the Mzymta River are fed by the high mountain lakes Maly Kardyvach and Kardyvach. Below the lakes, a strong stream forms a 15 m high waterfall. It is called Emerald. Then the stream picks up speed and rushes on. The path of the middle channel of the river runs through the Aibga-Achishkho ridge, creating a picturesque Greek gorge. Downstream are the Akhtsu and Akhshtyrskoe gorges.
The channel of the Mzymta is poorly branched, but very winding. The banks are terraced ledges, the depth of which is about 10 m. At the source and in the upper reaches, the valley is V-shaped. The slopes are steep up to 35 °, but in some places they are much steeper - up to 50 °. Along the entire channel, they are divided into deep gullies and valleys. The upper part of the channel has a rocky bottom with large boulders, the middle and lower parts are characterized by a pebble-boulder and pebble bottom.
The mouth of the Mzymta River is located on the Adler Lowland. Here the waterway falls into a wide valley with small slopes. In the upper and middle reaches, the river is characterized by a large fluctuation in the water level, the annual amplitude can be 2.32 m. Closer to the mouth, this indicator becomes lower. The Mzymta River in Adler during the year does not usually rise higher than 2.23 m.
Drainage basin characteristics
Mzymta is a river of mixed recharge. In spring and summer, its waters are replenished as a result of melting snow and ice in the mountains. During floods, the water horizon can rise up to 5 meters. Supplementary feeding comes from rainwater runoff, which can also cause floods. The length of this period depends on the amount and intensity of precipitation over the drainage basin. Floods carry a large number of sediment.
The Mzymta basin is famous for its numerous mineral springs.
About the name
Initially, there was no name Mzymta on old maps and in historical documents. The river was signed as Mdzimta, Midizimta, sometimes it was called Mizimta. The roots of these words belonged to the names of the Abaza local tribe. Abkhazians called him "Mdzaa", and Circassians - "Mdavei". The toponym Mzymta appeared a little later. Its approximate translation is "valley of the medozuyev". Some local historians translated the name as "the river, born in the snow."
The well-known physicogeographer Yu. K. Efremov in his book "By the paths of the mountainous Black Sea region" put forward a version that the name Mzymta can be translated as "mad river". According to the author, the name comes from the Circassian language. This version is promoted by most local guides, avoiding complex concepts, names and words. However, the guides most likely did not bother to read the entire book. Further in the text, the author refutes his assumptions, explaining them by the unprofessionalism of the person who brought the first "translation".
About economic use
Several settlements and villages are located on the banks of the Mzymta. The most famous of them are Krasnaya Polyana and Estosadok. The Krasnaya Polyana hydroelectric power station was built near Krasnaya Polyana. Its average annual output is over 166 million kWh. This hydroelectric power station, together with mountain power lines, supplies electricity to the city of Sochi.
Even before October revolution on Mzymta they were engaged in breeding river trout. Today this type of economic activity has not lost its relevance. On the banks of the river there is a solid trout fish farm.
Unfortunately, human activities could not but affect the ecological state of the river. In the course of the Olympic construction, uncontrolled illegal sampling of sand and gravel in the Mzymta channel took place, this partially disrupted the natural flow hydraulics and reduced the removal of the cone at the mouth. To make up for these losses naturally(solid river flows), it will take almost 15 years.
Man-made and natural problems
The river has thrown unpleasant surprises for people many times. In December 2009, for example, there was a large Mzymta spill that flooded one of the Olympstroy overpasses.
In November 2010, a rise in the water level as a result of rains destroyed buildings at the mouth of the waterway and demolished construction equipment.
In 2011, either by mistake, or by the idea of the builders, drilling mud was launched into the river during the construction of one of the tunnels. As a result, the water artery was heavily polluted and the sedimentation tanks overflowed. The situation was repeated several times.
River rafting
Rafting on the Mzymta River can be interesting for people with different skill levels. Some rapids, for example in the Greek Gorge, are of the 5-6th category of difficulty. Skills and experience are required to pass them. But this does not mean that there are no routes for family or student walks.
Many companies offer simple options for rafting on the Mzymta River today. They include a visit to Krasnaya Polyana in the route, make a stop at the waterfall "Maiden's Tears", visit the narzan springs. Such hikes end with noisy picnics and a visit to a bathhouse to relieve muscle fatigue.
As a result of the construction (for the 2014 Olympics) of a combined road and railroad leading to Krasnaya Polyana, some adjustments were made to the river bed, so that athletes and amateur tourists have to change their usual routes.
Fishing features
Fishing on the Mzymta River is not allowed in all places. Fishermen cannot approach the mouth closer than 1 km. Before throwing fishing rods in the Sochi area, it is worth checking with the rangers about the permitted places. An easier option is to contact a travel agency that specializes in organizing fishing or hunting. For amateur fishermen in the vicinity of Sochi there are a large number of paid reservoirs where you can catch carp, crucian carp, grass carp, carp and other types of fish.
The Adler fish farm also offers paid fishing and even a tour of its territory. Here you can not only catch different types of trout, but also see all the stages of its cultivation.
River in Adler
By 2014, modern embankments of the Mzymta River were equipped. Adler benefited immensely as a result of their appearance. On the right bank, the embankment is almost adjacent to the center settlement(in fact, Adler is one of the districts of Sochi). There is a park, cozy alleys, benches and monuments. A calm and measured promenade along the embankment of the Mzymta River in Adler will bring real pleasure. It is especially interesting to observe the mouth, where the streams of the freshwater artery flow into the Black Sea.
Mzymta is one of the rivers of the Krasnodar Territory of Russia, the largest among those that flow into the Black Sea. Its length is 89 km, the basin area is 885 sq. km. The river begins on the southern slope of the Caucasian ridge, flows out of the high-mountainous lakes Maly Kardyvach and Kardyvach at an altitude of almost 3 km above sea level. Having gained strength in the lakes, she rushes down with the most beautiful 15-meter waterfall Emerald, and rapidly rushes from the mountains further. On the way, it passes through the Aibga - Achishkho ridge through a narrow Greek gorge, then through the Akhtsu ridge, in which it cuts through one of the deepest (up to 800m) gorges in the Caucasus. And, finally, through the Akhtyrskoe gorge, located in the Adler district of the city of Sochi, it goes to the seashore, where it forms a delta.
No wonder the name "Mzymta" is translated as "mad" - it is a very stormy and full-flowing mountain river. During the spring-summer snow melt, or during heavy rains, the water level in the gorges can rise up to 5 meters. The porous current attracts lovers of extreme sports - rafting. Today, many travel agencies offer excursions, the main route and adventure of which is rafting on the Mzymta. This is a very exciting journey, during which you can not only get a good dose of adrenaline on the rapids, but also enjoy the beauty of the wild mountain nature along the way: sheer cliffs hanging over the river in narrow gorges give way to beech and chestnut groves in the valleys. On the slopes, along the river bed and its tributaries, there are many sources of mineral water. It is thanks to these waters that the silt that forms in the river and is carried by it into the delta has healing properties... The brine obtained from the silt is used in cosmetology and for medical procedures in nearby sanatoriums.
In the middle reaches of the river is the village of Krasnaya Polyana, which in winter is known as a ski resort, with equipped slopes and many hotels of different levels of service. Thanks to its well-developed infrastructure, this village has become one of the facilities that will host the 2014 Winter Olympic Games. summer time numerous hotels also cater to tourists. In summer they are attracted here not only by SPA centers, rafting and mountain tourist routes, but also by the Adler trout farm. Trout has always been found in the mountain rivers of Sochi, but after the city and the rest of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus began to turn into a resort area, the rivers began to grow shallow and polluted. This could lead to the complete disappearance of such a valuable species of fish in the area. In order to preserve the trout population, a trout farm was created in 1964, which, fortunately, not only survived to this day, but also became much larger.
Nowadays, the farm has more than a hundred ponds in which all types of rainbow trout are grown, and even bred their own the new kind, which was given the name Adler. In addition to rainbow trout, blue and golden trout, as well as Black Sea salmon, are bred. The Adler farm is a large producer and supplier of rainbow trout, and in addition, it is the only place, where fry are grown, which are then distributed to all fish farms in Russia. Tourists are offered an excursion, during which you can see all the stages of fish farming, as well as fishing and subsequent tasting of the catch.
Mzymta fishing
Both sports and recreational fishing on the river, as well as on the Shakhe, Psou, Psezuapse rivers and closer than 1 km in both directions from their mouths FORBIDDEN according to the "FISHING RULES FOR THE AZOV-BLACK SEA FISHERIES BASIN". Therefore, if you want to go fishing in the mountains near the city of Sochi, it is better to check with the local huntsmen in advance where it is allowed. And even easier, find one of the travel agencies that organize hunting and fishing. They will probably organize fishing on the Caucasian mountain river in a permitted place. By the way, mountain rivers do not freeze in winter, so fishing is possible at any time of the year. The company will provide you with transport, provide an experienced guide who will show you where and how to fish, and you can also rent all the necessary tackle.
For those who are not seduced extreme fishing in the mountains, in the vicinity of Sochi, there are more than 20 reservoirs for paid fishing. They breed carp, silver carp, crucian carp, carp, cupids and buffalo. There are quite a lot of fish, trophy specimens of 10-15 kg are often found. These reservoirs also do not freeze, although in winter the biting becomes somewhat worse, but not enough to remain completely without a catch. The reservoirs are equipped with everything you need, you can rent tackle or a tent, and beginners will be provided with a guide who will advise on any issues related to fishing.
