World Heritage Lake Baikal message. Baikal is the deepest lake on the planet, a UNESCO heritage site. Water temperature

Object of the World natural heritage along with other Russian objects: “Virgin forests of Komi”, “Volcanoes of Kamchatka”, “Golden Mountains of Altai”, “Wrangel Island”, etc.

World Cultural and Natural Heritage Sites include areas of outstanding global natural resource value. In addition, the desire of the country in which this site is located is necessary to protect and preserve it.

Repurpose the BPPM so that it ceases to be a source of pollution;

Reduce the discharge of pollutants into the Selenga;

Allocate additional funds to ensure the activities of nature reserves and national parks;

Provide and strengthen support scientific research and monitoring on the lake. .

Many of these issues, unfortunately, have not yet been resolved. However, one cannot fail to note a number of serious environmental measures which have been completed to date.

Source: introduction: textbook. allowance / N. S. Berkin, A. A. Makarov, O. T. Rusinek. – Irkutsk: Irkutsk Publishing House. state University, 2009

– natural World Heritage Site

On December 5, 1996, by decision of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee at its XX session, held in the Mexican city of Merida, the lake was included as a natural site on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The committee's decision notes: “The lake is a classic case of a World Heritage site, satisfying all four natural criteria. The lake is located in the central part of the site. The lake's features, largely hidden from view by water, are of major scientific and conservation value. The lake is surrounded by mountain taiga landscapes and specially protected natural areas, mainly preserved in their natural state and representing additional value.

The lake is a limnological miracle and an area with the following excellent qualities:

The geological rift system that gave rise to the lake formed during the Mesozoic period. The lake is the oldest and deepest lake on Earth. Various tectonic forces still continue to operate, as evidenced by the release of thermal flows from the depths of the lake.

The evolution of aquatic organisms that occurred throughout this long period led to the formation of an extremely unique endemic fauna and flora. The lake is the “Galapagos Islands of Russia” and is of exceptional value for the study of evolution.

The picturesque landscape around the Baikal basin with mountain ranges, boreal forests, tundra, lakes, islands and steppes provides an exceptionally beautiful lake environment. – the largest reservoir of fresh water on Earth (20% of all world reserves), which further characterizes it as a unique phenomenon.

The lake is one of the most biodiverse lakes on Earth, containing 1,340 animal species (745 endemic) and 570 plant species (150 endemic). The forests surrounding the lake contain 10 plant species listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and represent a full composition of typical boreal species.”

Source: Volkov, S. Po u / Sergey Volkov. – M. : AST: AST Moscow, 2010. – 568 p.

Read in

Terms

Tourism (anthropogenic influence)
Assignment of the status of a World Natural Heritage Site
Adoption of the law on e. Ecological zoning of the natural territory
Central ecological zone of the BNT
Buffer ecological zone
Ecological zone of atmospheric influence
Creation of a network of specially protected natural areas
A set of other environmental measures

Other resources

Natural phenomenon a // Goldfarb S.I.
as a world heritage monument // Karnyshev A.D.
Baikal // Geography and natural resources, 1988. No. 2. – P. 31-39.
Grishchenko V.I., Ryabtsev V.B. To the 20th anniversary of Pribaikalsky national park: results, main problems // Proceedings of the Pribaikalsky National Park. Vol. 2. - Irkutsk: Irkut Publishing House. state Univ., 2007. – P.362-387.

Notes

Ryashchenko S.V. World Natural Heritage Site “Lake” in the international and national dimensions // Volna. – 2007, No. 1 (45). – P. 40–43.

The UNESCO World Heritage Committee included Lake Baikal in the list for the conservation of the unique gene pool of our planet, as the most outstanding example of a freshwater ecosystem. Baikal is the oldest (25 million years old) and deepest (1700 meters) lake in the world. Its natural reservoir stores 20% of all unfrozen fresh water in the world.

The lake is distinguished by a variety of endemic species of flora and fauna, which are of exceptional importance for modern evolutionary science. In addition, the protected conservation area of the lake contains many other natural values for humanity, including the picturesque views of the coastal areas. Last year, a UNESCO committee revised the boundaries of the protected area of the reserve zone, from which five urban industrial areas that threatened environmental pollution to the lake were excluded.

Currently in State Duma Russia is considering the adoption of a law to protect natural resources around Lake Baikal. Representatives of the UNESCO organization expressed their concerns on many issues concerning the integrity of the ecological balance of the lake, including the impossibility of chemical pollution throughout the entire area of the territories adjacent to Baikal.

Located in southeastern Siberia, Lake Baikal is the natural habitat for several freshwater endemic species, the most prominent representative of which is the Baikal seal. The wide variety of plants around Lake Baikal is explained by the climatic asymmetry of the lake, which is spread over a vast area of 3.15 million hectares. In the western part the lake is surrounded coniferous forests and mountain steppes, the eastern part is dominated by pine forests, and the northern shores are covered with deciduous trees.

The formation of geological structures in the lake basin occurred during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, but some tectonic movements are still observed today, as evidenced by the many heat sources at the bottom of the lake. Baikal is considered a unique lake in the world due to biological diversity forms of life in its waters and around the lake - 1340 species of animals (745 endemic) and 570 species of plants (150 endemic). The forests around Lake Baikal are home to about 10 species of animals that are on the verge of extinction.

It’s not for nothing that scientists call Baikal the “Galapagos of Russia,” because the evolution of aquatic flora and fauna, which took place over a million centuries, is truly unique for this region. Tourists are happy to come to this remote corner of Russia, cut off from civilization, to admire the beautiful landscapes. The basin of a deep fresh lake looks stunning at any time of the day, surrounded by mountains, northern forests, tundra and steppe meadows.

The Baikal region has about 1,200 historical, architectural and cultural monuments, 100 of which are under state protection. Some of these monuments are sacred relics of the local people. I really want to believe that the unique wonders of the Baikal ecosystem will be preserved for our descendants. Now the Russian government is taking many measures to solve these problems. global problems with the support of scientists from around the world.

One of the oldest lakes on the planet, its age is 25 - 30 million years. On Baikal, unlike many of the world's oldest lakes, there are no signs of aging. On the contrary, scientists suggest that Baikal is an emerging ocean. This is confirmed by the fact that its shores diverge at a speed of up to 2 cm per year, just as the continents of Africa and South America.

Located in the south of Eastern Siberia. This is the deepest lake in the world, with unique features, and the most large reservoir fresh water on the planet. It has no equal in the world in terms of age, depth, reserves and properties of fresh water, diversity and endemism of organic life. Since ancient times it has been called the sacred sea, glorious, gray and formidable. Among the many epithets we can highlight the following: “world source drinking water", "the blue eye of Siberia", "an oasis of the pristine nature of the Earth", "the sacred center of Northern Asia", "a divine creation", "a sacred gift of nature", "a natural monument with unique landscapes", "a priceless treasury of the genetic wealth of the Earth", " a miracle of limnology, a center of unique natural values." Thanks to its unique features Baikal was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1996.

Baikal is one of the oldest lakes on the planet; scientists estimate its age at 25 - 30 million years. Most lakes, especially those of glacial and oxbow origin, live for 10-15 thousand years, and then fill with sediment and disappear from the face of the Earth. There are no signs of aging on Baikal, like many lakes in the world. On the contrary, research recent years allowed geophysicists to hypothesize that Baikal is an incipient ocean. This is confirmed by the fact that its shores diverge at a rate of up to 2 cm per year, just as the continents of Africa and South America diverge.
Among the lakes globe Lake Baikal ranks first in depth (1637 m). On Earth, only 6 lakes have a depth of more than 500 m. The depression of Lake Baikal morphologically represents three independent basins - the Southern with the greatest depth of 1430 m, the Middle (1637 m) and the Northern (920 m). The Baikal depression is asymmetrical. Its western side is distinguished by a steep underwater slope (40-50° steepness), while the eastern side is more gentle. Quite often in the literature about Lake Baikal we still find a lake depth mark of 1620 m. This depth was recorded in 1959 as a result of measurements with a cable lot. Echo sounding measurements in 1974 recorded the depth of the lake at 1637 m.
Currently, the Baikal depression is considered as the central link of the Baikal rift zone, which arose and developed simultaneously with the global rift system (Florensov, 1978). Geophysicists have put forward a hypothesis about the divergence of the shores of Lake Baikal at a rate of 2 cm per year. The Baikal depression is slightly wider than the modern lake, but much deeper. The depth of the depression is determined by the height of the mountains above it, the depth of the lake and the thickness of the bottom sediments lining its bottom. The deepest point of the lake's bottom sediments is located at a depth of approximately 6 - 8 thousand m below the level of the world ocean. The “roots” of the depression cut through the entire earth’s crust and go into the upper mantle to a depth of 50-60 km. Research indicates an abnormally high heating of the subsoil under Lake Baikal. This is the deepest basin on earth.

The Baikal region has high seismicity - it is one of the most seismically active inland areas of the planet. Strong earthquakes occur with a frequency of 7 points - 1-2 years, 8 points - 5 years. In 1862, during a ten-magnitude earthquake in the northern part of the Selenga delta, a land area of 200 square meters went under water. km with 6 uluses, in which 1,300 people lived, and a new Gulf of Proval was formed. Weak earthquakes are recorded almost daily. Every year their number reaches 2 thousand or more. Scientists call Baikal "the ancient crown of Asia"

Baikal is surrounded on all sides by mountains. Along the entire length of the western shore, mountain ranges approach Lake Baikal and drop almost vertically into the water. The highest peaks of mountain ranges: Primorsky ridge - Three-headed char (1728 m), Baikal ridge - Mount Chersky (2572 m), Barguzin ridge - highest point (2840 m), Khamar-Daban - Mount Khan-Ula (2371 m).
In terms of area, Baikal (31,500 sq. km) ranks eighth in the world among lakes and is approximately equal to the area of a country such as Belgium.

Baikal is the largest reservoir of fresh water on the planet (23 thousand cubic km), which exceeds the volume of water contained in the five Great Lakes of North America - Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario combined, or 2 times more than in Lake Tanganyika. About 20% of the world's reserves of fresh lake water on the planet are concentrated in the Baikal basin (excluding glaciers, snowfields and ice, where the water is in a solid state).

In the spring, after the lake is freed from ice, the water transparency reaches 40 m, which is tens of times more than in other lakes. For example, in the Caspian Sea, water transparency is 25 m, in Issyk-Kul - 20 m. On Lake Baikal, a silver coin thrown into the water can be traced to a depth of 30-40 m.
The climate of Lake Baikal and its coast has features of a marine climate and differs significantly from the climate of the surrounding area. The huge water masses of the lake in the summer warm up to a depth of 200-250 m and, like a battery, accumulate a large number of heat. Therefore, winters on Lake Baikal are milder and summers are cooler than in the rest of Siberia. The difference in air temperature between Irkutsk and the coast of Lake Baikal during the daytime can reach 8-10°C. The absolute maximum during the period of meteorological observations in Irkutsk reached +36°С, the absolute minimum -50°С. The remoteness of Irkutsk from the seas and its location in the center of the Asian continent give the climate a sharply continental character. Maximum daily temperature differences can exceed 30°C.

A World Natural Heritage Site along with other Russian sites: “Virgin Forests of Komi”, “Volcanoes of Kamchatka”, “Golden Mountains of Altai”, “Wrangel Island”, etc.

Repurpose the BPPM so that it ceases to be a source of pollution;

Reduce the discharge of pollutants into the Selenga;

Allocate additional funds to ensure the activities of nature reserves and national parks;

Provide and strengthen support for scientific research and monitoring at the lake. .

Many of these issues, unfortunately, have not yet been resolved. However, one cannot fail to note a number of serious environmental measures that have been completed to date.

Source: introduction: textbook. allowance / N. S. Berkin, A. A. Makarov, O. T. Rusinek. – Irkutsk: Irkutsk Publishing House. state University, 2009

– natural World Heritage Site

The committee's decision notes: “The lake is a classic case of a World Heritage site, satisfying all four natural criteria. The lake is located in the central part of the site. The lake's features, largely hidden from view by water, are of major scientific and conservation value. The lake is surrounded by mountain taiga landscapes and specially protected natural areas, mostly preserved in their natural state and of additional value.

The lake is a limnological miracle and an area with the following excellent qualities:

Source: Volkov, S. Po u / Sergey Volkov. – M. : AST: AST Moscow, 2010. – 568 p.

Read in

Terms

Tourism (anthropogenic influence)
Assignment of the status of a World Natural Heritage Site
Adoption of the law on e. Ecological zoning of the natural territory
Central ecological zone of the BNT
Buffer ecological zone
Ecological zone of atmospheric influence
Creation of a network of specially protected natural areas
A set of other environmental measures

Other resources

Natural phenomenon a // Goldfarb S.I.
as a world heritage monument // Karnyshev A.D.
Baikal // Geography and natural resources, 1988. No. 2. – P. 31-39.
Grishchenko V.I., Ryabtsev V.B. To the 20th anniversary of the Pribaikalsky National Park: results, main problems // Proceedings of the Pribaikalsky National Park. Vol. 2. - Irkutsk: Irkut Publishing House. state Univ., 2007. – P.362-387.

Notes

Ryashchenko S.V. World Natural Heritage Site “Lake” in the international and national dimensions // Volna. – 2007, No. 1 (45). – P. 40–43.

This is a global and Russian uniqueness, the official status of which was confirmed when the lake-sea was included in the list of monuments of the cultural and natural heritage of mankind in 1996. It is worth recalling that the Convention for the Protection of Such Sites was adopted on November 23, 1972 by the UNESCO General Conference held in Paris. The formation of the World Heritage List pursued a noble goal - the identification, study and protection of monuments, complexes, localities - creations of man or nature that have exceptional value from historical, artistic, scientific, natural, archaeological or ethnographic points of view.

How does one get on the World Heritage List?

In order for one or another geographical area was inscribed on the World Heritage List as a natural property, it had to meet at least one of the following criteria:

I. Be an exceptionally valuable example of a phase of Earth's history, including evidence of primitive life forms, significant current geological processes, participation in the evolution of the morphology of the area, and important morphological characteristics;

II. Significant ecological and biological processes of evolution and development of terrestrial, coastal, marine and freshwater ecosystems, as well as plant and animal communities, should take place on its territory;

III. Represent natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic significance;

Why Baikal?

It will be interesting for the reader to become familiar with the content of the decision that was adopted by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee on December 5, 1996. “Lake Baikal is a classic case of a World Heritage site, satisfying all four natural criteria. The lake is located in the central part of the site. The lake's features, largely hidden from view by water, are of major scientific and conservation value. The lake is surrounded by mountain taiga landscapes and specially protected natural areas, mostly preserved in their natural state and of additional value. Lake Baikal is a limnological miracle and a territory with the following excellent qualities:

The geological rift system that gave rise to Lake Baikal formed during the Mesozoic period. Lake Baikal is the oldest and deepest lake on Earth. Various tectonic forces still continue to operate, as evidenced by the release of thermal flows from the depths of the lake.

The evolution of aquatic organisms that occurred throughout this long period led to the formation of an extremely unique endemic fauna and flora. Lake Baikal is the “Galapagos Islands of Russia” and is of exceptional value for the study of evolution.

The picturesque landscape around the Baikal basin with mountain ranges, boreal forests, tundra, lakes, islands and steppes provides an exceptionally beautiful environment for Lake Baikal. Baikal is the largest reservoir of fresh water on Earth (20% of all world reserves), which further characterizes it as a unique phenomenon.

Lake Baikal is one of the most biodiverse lakes on Earth, containing 1,340 animal species (745 endemic) and 570 plant species (150 endemic). The forests surrounding the lake contain 10 species of plants listed in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and a full composition of typical boreal species is represented.”

It is possible to at least briefly supplement those priorities and evidence of the virtues that distinguish the sacred sea in the global natural community.

First place in antiquity among fresh water bodies world: about 25~30 million years, whereas lakes usually exist for 10-15 thousand years.

First place among the lakes of the world according to the official maximum depth mark - 1637 m (1640 meters according to data obtained during the descent of the Mir bathyscaphes 1 and 2 in July 2009), with an “average” depth of 730 meters.

First place among the planet's land-based reservoirs in terms of reserves of high-quality fresh water - 23.6 thousand cubic kilometers.

First place in the presence of endemic species in flora and fauna: of more than 2000 species and varieties of Baikal animals and plants, from 30 to 60% in different environments habitats are recognized as endemic, i.e. existing only in a given place.

Sixth in size among freshwater bodies of water on earth: ahead are only the African lakes Victoria, Tanganyika and the three Great North American Lakes (not counting the Aral and Caspian Seas, which are more often called seas).

And these priorities are not the only ones, but only large-scale ones; there are many other, “smaller” ones, which we will talk about in this book.

Since Baikal is not only a natural, but also a cultural heritage, we will dwell on this aspect. According to global criteria, each cultural site submitted for inclusion in the World Heritage List must:

represent a masterpiece of human creative genius; or

show the importance of the process of transmission in time or cultural geographical area of universal human values in the field of culture, architecture, monumental art, urban planning or landscape design; or

be unique or exceptionally important evidence of the existence or disappearance of a civilization or cultural tradition; or

be an outstanding example of an architectural or landscape ensemble marking one of the periods in the history of human development; or

be an outstanding example of the human formation of a landscape or settlement characteristic of a culture, especially if that culture has found itself defenseless in the face of irreversible historical change; or

be directly or indirectly associated with events, traditions, ideas, beliefs or creative acts of outstanding universal significance...

If we take into account the originality and uniqueness of the values, cults and rituals of the Buryats, Evenks, Tofalars, Soyots, Yakuts, Russian old-timers, primarily the Siberian Cossacks and the Semeisk Old Believers, then we can confidently say that the socio-cultural community does not correspond to these standards .

Inclusion in the list of objects approved by the UNESCO Convention “On the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage” poses the most serious challenges for cooperation between different peoples in the field of nature conservation of the “sacred lake”, as well as any other “object” of the Convention.

Let us recall that in the preamble of this international document adopted by the seventeenth session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Paris, November 6, 1972), the following aspects are especially emphasized:

Noting that the cultural and natural heritage is increasingly threatened by destruction, caused not only by traditional causes of damage, but also by the evolution of social and economic life, which aggravates them with even more dangerous harmful and destructive phenomena;

Whereas the damage to or disappearance of any cultural or natural heritage constitutes a detrimental impoverishment of the heritage of all the peoples of the world;

Whereas the protection of this heritage at national level is often insufficient due to the high costs it requires and the lack of economic, scientific and technical resources of the country in whose territory the property to be protected is located;

Recalling that the Charter of the Organization provides that it will assist in the maintenance of progress and the dissemination of knowledge by ensuring the conservation and protection of the universal heritage of mankind, and by recommending appropriate international conventions to the peoples concerned;

Considering that existing international conventions, recommendations and resolutions in favor of cultural and natural values demonstrate the importance of preserving unique and irreplaceable values for all peoples, regardless of which people they belong to;

Whereas certain cultural and natural heritage values are of exceptional interest and should therefore be preserved as part of the world heritage of all mankind;

Whereas, due to the scale and seriousness of the new dangers that threaten them, the entire international community must participate in the protection of natural and cultural heritage by providing collective assistance that, without replacing the activities of the State concerned in whose territory the property is located, effectively will complement;

Whereas, for this purpose, it is necessary to adopt new provisions in the form of a convention establishing an effective system of collective protection of objects of outstanding universal importance, organized on a permanent basis in accordance with modern scientific methods...

Emphasizing the above aspects of the issue, the convention showed its significance and the promise of solutions to save and protect not only human, but also natural world. The implementation of many of the most serious tasks outlined by the Convention on the scale of the Baikal region presupposes, at least, rapprochement, and best of all, integration of the positions and views of representatives different nations on the essence and relationship of economic, spiritual and environmental problems. And in order to bring something together, to connect, it is necessary to understand both general and specific issues of human interaction with environment practiced at both national and international levels. And this is important to do not only in relation to nature as a whole, but also in relation to its specific objects, in our case, Baikal. People living on its shores, like no one else, need to understand that the world status of the Holy Sea is not so much honor and respect as it is the daily responsibility of the owner and the onerous duty of a caring son.

Application. Monuments of the cultural and historical heritage of mankind on the territory of Russia

There are 25 items on the UNESCO World Heritage List in the Russian Federation (as of 2012), this is 2.6% of the total (962 as of 2012). 15 objects are included in the list according to cultural criteria, with 6 of them recognized as a masterpiece of human genius, and 10 objects are included according to natural criteria, with 4 of them recognized as natural phenomena of exceptional beauty and aesthetic importance (criterion VII). In addition, as of 2012, 26 sites in Russia are among the candidates for inclusion in the World Heritage List. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, of which Russia is the legal successor, ratified the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage on October 12, 1988. The first objects located on the territory were included in the list in 1990 at the 14th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee.

Cultural criteria

I. The object represents a masterpiece of human creative genius.

II. The object testifies to the significant mutual influence of human values in a given period of time or in a certain cultural space, in architecture or technology, in monumental art, in city planning or landscape creation.

III. The object is unique, or at least exceptional, to a cultural tradition or civilization that still exists or has disappeared.

IV. The property is an outstanding example of a structure, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape that illustrates a significant period of human history.

V. The site is an outstanding example of a human traditional structure, with a traditional use of land or sea, being an example of culture (or cultures) or human interaction with the environment, especially when it is made vulnerable by strong influence irreversible changes.

VI. The object is directly or materially connected with events or existing traditions, with ideas, beliefs, artistic or literary works and is of exceptional global importance. (In the opinion of the UNESCO committee, this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with some other criterion or criteria).

Natural criteria

VII. The property is a natural phenomenon or space of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance.

VIII. The object is an outstanding example of the main stages of the history of the earth, including a monument of the past, a symbol of ongoing geological processes in the development of relief, or a symbol of geomorphic or physiographic features.

IX. The property is an outstanding example of ongoing ecological or biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems and plant and animal communities.

V. The property contains the most important or significant natural habitat for the conservation of biological diversity, including endangered species of exceptional global scientific and conservation value.

#	Name	Location	Time of creation	Year of inclusion in the list	№	Criteria
1	The historical center of St. Petersburg and associated monument complexes	Federal city: St. Petersburg Region: Leningradskaya	XVIII-XX centuries	1990	540	I, II, IV, VI
2	Architectural ensemble of the Kizhi Pogost	Nearest city: Medvezhyegorsk Republic: Karelia	XVIII-XIX centuries	1990	544	I, IV, V
3	Moscow Kremlin and Red Square		XIII-XVII centuries	1990	545	I, II, IV, VI
4	Historical monuments Novgorod and surrounding areas	City: Novgorod Region: Novgorod Federal District: Northwestern	XI-XVII centuries	1992	604	II, IV, VI
5	Cultural and historical ensemble "Solovetsky Islands"	Nearest city: Arkhangelsk Region: Arkhangelsk Federal District: Northwestern	XVI-XVII centuries	1992	632	IV
6	White stone monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal	City: Vladimir, Suzdal Region: Vladimir Federal District: Central	XII-XIII centuries	1992	633	I, II, IV
7	Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye	Federal city: Moscow Federal District: Central	16th century	1994	634	II
8	Architectural ensemble of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra	City: Sergiev Posad Region: Moscow Federal District: Central	XV-XVIII centuries	1993	657	II, IV
9	Virgin forests of Komi	Komi Republic Federal District: Northwestern	-	1995	719	VII, IX
10		The Republic of Buryatia Region: Irkutsk	-	1996	754	VII, VIII, IX, X
11	Volcanoes of Kamchatka	Region: Kamchatka	-	1996	765	VII, VIII, IX, X
12	Central Sikhote-Alin	Region: Primorsky Federal District: Far Eastern	-	2001	766	X
13	Golden Altai Mountains	Altai Republic Federal District: Siberian	-	1998	768	X
14	Ubsunur Basin	Tyva Republic Federal District: Siberian (Shared with Mongolia)	-	2003	769	IX, X
15	Western Caucasus	Region: Krasnodar, Republic: Adygea Federal District: Southern	-	1999	900	IX, X
16	Historical and architectural complex "Kazan Kremlin"	City: Kazan Republic of Tatarstan Federal District: Privolzhsky	XVI-XXI centuries	2000	980	II, III, IV
17	Ensemble of the Ferapontov Monastery	Nearest city: Kirillov Region: Vologda Federal District: Northwestern	XV-XVII centuries	2000	982	I, IV
18	Curonian Spit	Nearest city: Zelenogradsk Region: Kaliningrad Federal District: Northwestern (Shared with Lithuania)	-	2003	994	V
19	Citadel, old town and fortifications of Derbent	The Republic of Dagestan Federal District: North Caucasus	VI-XIX centuries	2003	1070	III, IV
20	Wrangel Island	Autonomous Okrug: Chukotka Federal District: Far Eastern	-	2004	1023	IX, X
21	Ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent	Federal city: Moscow Federal District: Central	XVI-XVII centuries	2004	1097	I, IV, VI
22	Historical center of Yaroslavl	City: Yaroslavl Region: Yaroslavl Federal District: Central	XVI-XX centuries	2005	1170	II, IV
23	Struve geodetic arc (2 points)	Nearest town: Kingisepp Region: Leningradskaya Federal District: Northwestern (Together with Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine)	19th century	2005	1187	II, III, VI
24	Putorana Plateau	Region: Krasnoyarsk Federal District: Siberian	-	2010	1234	VII, IX
25	Lena pillars	Nearest city: Pokrovsk Saha Republic Federal District: Far Eastern	-	2012	1299	VIII