A bright, cheerful, luminous rainbow has been considered a symbol of good luck and luck since ancient times. If a rainbow flashes in the sky, it means the day will be happy and easy. And some even make a wish when they see this beautiful natural phenomenon in the sky. It is believed that the number of colors a person sees in a rainbow is the number of wishes he can make.
What is a rainbow
A rainbow is an optical phenomenon that does not only appear in the sky. Essentially, this is the refraction of colors. Physicists have proven that light has a certain spectrum of shades, and the rainbow clearly demonstrates this.
It occurs due to the refraction of light in tiny droplets of water from fog or rain that float in the atmosphere. Light is reflected differently in water droplets, hence the different shades.
Where is she observed?
Rainbows can be seen not only in the sky. You can see a small rainbow if you sit next to a fountain and catch the refraction of light near the stream of water. You can see it on a white sheet of paper when you write with a transparent pen on a sunny day. You can also see a rainbow through a prism if you hold this prism to the sun's rays or to an ordinary light bulb.
But most often, of course, we see it in the sky.
How many colors are in the rainbow
Science has proven that the rainbow has seven colors. This:
- red;
- orange;
- yellow;
- green;
- blue;
- blue;
- violet.
In ancient times, there were not enough precise optical instruments to carefully examine how many colors a rainbow has. But the human eye cannot always accurately determine the color scheme.
Aristotle, for example, identified only three primary colors - red, yellow and green. But in Japanese culture there is no traditional green color, so residents of the Land of the Rising Sun believe that there are only six colors in the rainbow.
And the great mathematician Isaac Newton spent a lot of time studying the refraction of light and came to the conclusion that there are five colors in the rainbow. Then he also looked at the sixth one - orange. This number - six - seemed to him imperfect for describing natural phenomena, so he decided to add a blue color to the rainbow, which he called “indigo”.
We have 7 and they have 6
If you think that after scientists have proven the fact how many colors are in a rainbow, all people on the planet agreed with this statement, then you are deeply mistaken. For some reason, in China they believe that there are five colors in the rainbow - exactly the same number as there are elements on the planet. Until now, in Germany, America, England, France and a number of other countries, children are told that the rainbow consists of six colors.
Why is this happening? The fact is that blue and blue are very similar to each other, they are distinguishable only by the degree of depth. In addition, in a number of languages, “blue” and “blue” are called the same. IN English language There is only one common word to describe these colors. That is why there is still such confusion about how many colors there are in the rainbow.
Easy to remember
The order of colors in a rainbow is always unchanged, no matter what time we see it and what time of day it is, whether it is large or small, whether it stood in the sky for a long time or flashed and went out in a few seconds. The first color is red, which gradually becomes lighter and turns into orange. In turn, the orange becomes even lighter and turns into yellow. Yellow gradually turns green, then blue appears, which turns into rich blue, and the last, final color of the rainbow spectrum is violet.
Remembering the order of the colors in the rainbow is quite easy. You just need to learn one mnemonic phrase - and you can easily name which flowers are in the rainbow, without hesitation. So, memorize this sentence: "Every Hunter Wants to Know Where the Pheasant Sits." Simply and easily. Now all you have to do is take the first letter of each word and name the color of the rainbow:
- each is red;
- hunter - orange;
- wishes - yellow;
- know - green;
- where - blue;
- sitting - blue;
- pheasant - purple.
It was this phrase about a hunter and a sitting pheasant that took root in Russian-speaking culture. Although there are still a few good suggestions for remembering the rainbow spectrum. For example: “Once upon a time, Jean the City Beller Broke the Lantern.” More modern interpretations have also appeared: “Every Designer Wants to Know Where to Download Photoshop.”
Well, as they say, it’s up to you to choose how to remember the arrangement of colors in a rainbow.
Warm or cold
A rainbow in the sky always seems bright, cheerful, lively and very warm. It shines and sparkles and it seems that everything consists of But, nevertheless, it also contains cold tones.
Let's figure out how many cool colors are in the rainbow. Everything related to blue refers to cool tones. Thus, there are three cool colors in the rainbow - blue, cyan and green. But violet, which has shades of purple, is neither warm nor cold tones; it is transitional.
Accordingly, there are three rainbows: red, orange and yellow.
This palette, which divides colors into warm and cool, is used by artists and painters. There are even several that divide the solar spectrum into warm, cool and in-between shades.
Always against the sun
A rainbow always appears on the opposite side of the sun. So if you look at it, the sun will always be shining from behind. Most often, a rainbow appears in the morning or evening, and this also has a completely reasonable explanation from the point of view of physics. When the sun is on the horizon, the rainbow is fullest and largest. The higher the sun rises, the smaller the semicircle becomes. And when the star rises to a height of 43 degrees relative to the horizon, it is no longer possible to see the rainbow. Because the angle for refraction of light is inappropriate.
The red color of the rainbow is always located in the outer part of the arc, and the violet color is always located in the inner part. But! A double rainbow occurs very often, when there are two arcs in the sky at once. So, in the second rainbow the colors are reversed.
By the way, seeing two rainbows is also considered better luck than one.
The number of colors in a rainbow always remains the same, but people’s ideas about this beautiful optical phenomenon have changed over time. Ancient tribes, for example, divided the rainbow into two colors - dark and light.
Rainbows can be seen not only in the sun's rays, but also after darkness falls. Then the sun's rays begin to reflect off the moon, and a rainbow may appear.
The rainbow does not freeze in place, and two people who are located in different parts of the city will see it completely differently. To one it will seem that it is hovering over the river, and to another it will seem that it is located directly above the new buildings. That is why, when a rainbow is photographed in the same city at the same time, completely different pictures are obtained.
Not all people can see all seven colors of the rainbow. It depends on how sharp your eyesight is. Some may notice peach in the rainbow, and they're not making this up. After all, seven colors are the basic classic colors. And there really are a great many shades in the rainbow, and some are impossible to catch with the human eye.
Rainbows can disappear if you wear polaroid glasses. The coating of these glasses is positioned so that the light is refracted vertically and the person simply does not see what others see.
Ecology
Many cultures have legends and myths about the power of the rainbow, and people dedicate works of art, music and poetry to it.
Psychologists say that people admire this natural phenomenon because the rainbow is a promise of a bright, “rainbow” future.
Technically speaking, a rainbow occurs when light passes through water droplets in the atmosphere, and the refraction of light leads to the familiar appearance of a curved arch of different colors to all of us.
These and others Interesting Facts about the rainbow:
7 facts about rainbows (with photos)
1. Rainbows are rarely seen at midday
Most often, rainbows appear in the morning and evening. So that a rainbow can form, sunlight should hit the raindrop at an angle of approximately 42 degrees. This is unlikely to happen when the Sun is higher than 42 degrees in the sky.
2. Rainbows appear at night too
Rainbows can be seen even after dark. This phenomenon is called a lunar rainbow. In this case, light rays are refracted when reflected from the Moon, and not directly from the Sun.
As a rule, it is less bright, since the brighter the light, the more colorful the rainbow.
3. No two people can see the same rainbow
Light reflected from certain raindrops reflects off other raindrops from a completely different angle for each of us. This also creates a different image of the rainbow.
Since two people cannot be in the same place, they cannot see the same rainbow. Moreover, even each of our eyes sees a different rainbow.
4. We can never reach the end of the rainbow
When we look at a rainbow, it seems as if it moves with us. This happens because the light that forms it does so from a certain distance and angle for the observer. And this distance will always remain between us and the rainbow.
5. We can't see all the colors of the rainbow
Many of us remember from childhood a rhyme that allows us to remember the 7 classic colors of the rainbow (Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits).
Everyone is red
Hunter - orange
Wishes - yellow
Know - green
Where is blue
Sitting - blue
Pheasant – purple
However, the rainbow is actually made up of more than a million colors, including colors that the human eye cannot see.
6. Rainbows can be double, triple and even quadruple
We can see more than one rainbow if light is reflected inside the droplet and separated into its component colors. A double rainbow appears when this happens inside the drop twice, a triple rainbow when it happens three times, and so on.
With a quadruple rainbow, each time the beam is reflected, the light, and therefore the rainbow, becomes paler and therefore the last two rainbows are very faintly visible.
To see such a rainbow, several factors must coincide at once, namely a completely black cloud, and either a uniform distribution of raindrop sizes, or heavy rain.
7. You can make the rainbow disappear yourself
Using polarized sunglasses can stop you from seeing rainbows. This is because they are covered with a very thin layer of molecules that are arranged in vertical rows, and the light reflected from the water is polarized horizontally. This phenomenon can be seen in the video.
How to make a rainbow?
You can also make a real rainbow at home. There are several methods.
1. Method using a glass of water
Fill a glass with water and place it on a table in front of a window on a sunny day.
Place a piece of white paper on the floor.
Wet the window with hot water.
Adjust the glass and paper until you see a rainbow.
2. Mirror method
Place the mirror inside a glass filled with water.
The room should be dark and the walls white.
Shine a flashlight into the water, moving it until you see a rainbow.
3. CD method
Take the CD and wipe it down so that it is not dusty.
Place it on a flat surface, under a light or in front of a window.
Look at the disk and enjoy the rainbow. You can spin the dial to see how the colors move.
4. Haze method
Use a water hose on a sunny day.
Close the hole in the hose with your finger, creating a haze
Point the hose towards the sun.
Look through the haze until you see a rainbow.
What is a rainbow?
Rainbow is an amazing and incredibly beautiful meteorological and optical a natural phenomenon. It can be observed mainly after rain, when the sun comes out. This is the reason that we can see this wonderful phenomenon in the sky, and also distinguish the colors of the rainbow, arranged in order.
CausesA rainbow appears because light emanating from the sun or another source is refracted in droplets of water slowly falling to the ground. With their help, white light “breaks”, forming the colors of the rainbow. They are arranged in order because of different degrees of light deflection (for example, red light is deflected by fewer degrees than violet light). Moreover, a rainbow can also appear due to moonlight, but it is very difficult for our eyes to distinguish it in low light. When the circle formed by the “sky bridge” is formed, the center is always on a straight line passing through the Sun or Moon. For those who observe this phenomenon from the ground, this “bridge” appears as an arc. But the higher the vantage point, the more complete the rainbow appears. If you observe it from a mountain or from the air, it can appear before your eyes in the form of a whole circle.
Order of the colors of the rainbow
Many people know a phrase that allows them to remember the order in which the colors of the rainbow are located. For those who don’t know or don’t remember, let’s remember how this line sounds: “Every Hunter Wants to Know Where the Pheasant Sits” (by the way, now there are many analogues of this famous monostich, more modern, and sometimes very funny). The colors of the rainbow are, in order: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
These colors do not change their location, imprinting in memory the eternal appearance of such an incredibly beautiful phenomenon. The rainbow we often see is primary. During its formation, white light undergoes only one internal reflection. In this case, the red light is outside, as we are used to seeing. However, a secondary rainbow can also form. This is a fairly rare phenomenon in which white light is reflected twice in the droplets. In this case, the colors of the rainbow are already arranged in the opposite direction (from purple to red). At the same time, the part of the sky that is located between these two arcs becomes darker. In places with very clean air, you can even observe a “triple” rainbow.
Unusual Rainbows
In addition to the familiar arc-shaped rainbow, you can also observe its other forms. For example, you can observe lunar rainbows (but they are difficult for the human eye to catch; for this, the glow from the moon must be very bright), foggy, ring-shaped (these phenomena have already been mentioned above) and even inverted. In addition, rainbows can be seen in winter. At this time of year it sometimes occurs due to severe frosts. But some of these phenomena have nothing to do with “sky bridges”. Very often, halo phenomena (this is the name of a luminous ring that forms around a certain object) are mistaken for a rainbow.
In this article we will look at a very bright and interesting topic for children. Namely, let's talk about the rainbow.
Children are little “whys” who, in principle, are interested in everything that surrounds them. Despite this, sometimes it can be very difficult to convey any information to the baby, especially if it concerns learning something. With the help of natural phenomena and surrounding objects, you can easily and quickly teach a child basic things. Such, for example, as colors, counting.
All the colors of the rainbow in order for children, schoolchildren: the correct sequence and names of colors
The rainbow is something magical and extraordinary for all children. However, not all parents use this colorful beauty as a learning assistant. And in vain. Once your little one is interested in such beauty, you can easily learn the basic colors and have fun at the same time.
- It is important to understand that it is you and me, adults, who understand what a rainbow is. For a child, this is something beautiful and unusual, something that he sees rarely, and perhaps even for the first time. That is why it is initially necessary to give the child an idea of this phenomenon. Of course, you shouldn’t explain to a 3-year-old child what a rainbow is from a scientific point of view, but it’s worth telling the general picture.
- So, a rainbow is a multi-colored arc that we see, as a rule, in the sky due to the interaction of water drops and sun rays. The sun's rays are refracted in drops of water (rain, fountain) and these colorful arcs in the sky are obtained.
- By the way, a rainbow can be seen not only after rain, it can be observed near fountains, on the seashore and other bodies of water. That is, wherever a ray of sun can “pass” through droplets of water.
An interesting fact is that it is very difficult to see all the colors of the rainbow with the naked eye, which is why in ancient times only a few colors were identified. Over time, almost everyone began to lean towards the opinion that there are only 7 colors in the rainbow, however, there are also peoples who still count only 6.
- Red. This color is quite bright; in the rainbow it gradually fades and smoothly turns into orange.
- Orange. This color gradually becomes even lighter and warmer and turns into yellow.
- Yellow. At this stage, the yellow arc begins to turn slightly green, causing us to see a light green color
- Green. Then blue tones smoothly merge into the green color, and the arc acquires a pure blue color
- Blue. Then a more saturated blue color appears
- Blue. After the blue arc we see the last purple arc
- Violet. This color completes the rainbow. The purple arc is always the smallest and shortest
What color does a rainbow begin with? What colors are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 in order in the rainbow?
To make it easier and more interesting for your child to learn the rainbow and the colors that make it up, be sure to tell something interesting about each color and name the objects with which it can be associated.
- The first color that “opens” the rainbow is red. Red is considered the color of love, comfort, warmth, and care. You can associate the color with red berries (strawberries), vegetables (peppers)
- The 2nd color of the rainbow is orange. This color symbolizes peace and energy, warmth. You can associate it with the sun, oranges, orange flowers, tangerines
- The 3rd one is yellow. This color symbolizes nothing more than warmth, peace, comfort, tranquility and, of course, the sun
- 4th color green. This color is classified as an energetic, cheerful color. It is associated primarily with grass, the river and all nature, if we talk about it in general
- The 5th color is blue. It is the color of peace, tranquility and friendship. It is naturally associated with the sky and sea
- 6th in a row blue. This color is considered to be the color of kindness, understanding, and loyalty. The first thing you think of when you see the color blue is the sky, the sea
- The 7th color of the rainbow is purple. This is a mystery color; often it is the color violet that is endowed with mystical abilities. It is associated with flowers, some vegetables and berries (blackberries, blueberries, eggplant)
Not just telling your child about the colors of the rainbow, but also showing them, talking about objects that come in the same color, you can easily teach your child all the primary colors.
Colors of the rainbow in English: names with transcription
English is by far the most popular language in the world. Therefore, it is not at all surprising that they begin to teach it in kindergarten. Almost the first thing that little ones begin to learn is colors. Since it is letters, counting, colors, etc. are basic basic knowledge.
Without knowing English at a sufficient level, it is quite difficult to learn its words. Because words read incorrectly will be learned incorrectly. In this case, transcription comes to the rescue.
- So, the first color of the rainbow red, written in English red and has the following transcription - . It must be said that red is often translated not only as red, but also as scarlet, crimson
- Second color - orange, written as orange and is read as [ˈɒrɪndʒ]
- Coming third yellow- we write it as yellow, and read as follows – [ˈjeləʊ]
- The fourth color of the rainbow - green. When written, the word looks like this: gree n, read as follows – [ɡriːn]
- Comes fifth blue. In English, color has the following name and transcription - blue
- The sixth color of the rainbow is blue. In English it is written and read similarly to blue. Sometimes you can find this spelling of blue color –dark blue, in this case the transcription will be [dɑːrk] [bluː]
- And the final color is violet. In English, color is written as purple, with transcription [ˈpɜːpəl]. Or violet with transcription [ˈvaɪələt] – this color is darker and more saturated
How many cold and warm colors are there in a rainbow?
First you need to understand what cold and warm colors are. After all, not everyone knows that all colors can be divided according to this classification.
- What type of color a color is depends on the wavelength of the spectrum. The longer this wave is, the warmer the color will be and vice versa, the shorter the wave, the cooler the color will be. Moreover, information regarding this indicator is freely available and anyone can find it out.
- Despite this, we have no way to know this indicator solely with the help of vision, so people often determine what type a color belongs to solely by subjective indicators.
- Firstly, all colors that predominate during the cold season - winter - are considered cold. Those colors that are often found in summer are considered warm.
- Secondly, when seeing a cold color or shade, that is, a color with a short wavelength, a person relaxes, calms down, feels peace and tranquility, and may feel a certain coldness. With warm colors the opposite is true: seeing them, a person wakes up emotionally, feels a surge of strength, energy, visually the room in such colors seems lighter, warmer and more comfortable.
As for the flowers of the multi-colored beauty, they belong to the following:
- Cold colors include blue, blue and purple colors. Their wavelength is the shortest.
- Warm colors include red, yellow and orange.
- But with the color green, not everything is so simple. This color consists of 2 others: yellow - warm and blue - cold. In fact, this color can be called neutral, since it has both warm and cool shades.
All of the above information concerns pure flowers, of which there are very few in nature. To more accurately determine whether a particular shade belongs to a cold or warm color, you need to consider the colors and their component shades in detail. For example, if yellow predominates in green, then it should be classified as warm, if blue – as cold
How to quickly remember the colors of the rainbow?
The process of learning and memorizing colors, in principle, like any other information, occurs differently for each person. Some people pick up everything on the fly, while others need to put in a lot of effort to learn even a few words.
- It is much easier to remember the colors of the rainbow by associating them and the sequence itself with some expression. There has long been a saying: “Every Hunter Wants to Know Where the Pheasant Sits”. The capital letter of each word is the letter that begins with the color present in the rainbow. At the same time, the sequence of colors is also preserved - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. By remembering such a simple expression, you can very quickly and easily remember all the colors of the rainbow and the sequence in which we see them.
- There are other options for similar hint expressions, for example: “Sewn Blue Sweatshirts for the Cat, Donkey, Giraffe, and Bunny”. For small children, this option, in principle, may be even simpler and more interesting. Having chosen this expression for a hint, do not forget to explain to your child what a sweatshirt is.
- It is also important to develop memory. To do this, you need to learn different poems and read books.
- Don’t forget that it’s unlikely that you’ll be able to learn everything at once. Therefore, constantly return to this topic, but try not to be too obsessive with the idea of learning, especially if we're talking about about a small child. Periodically remember the colors, repeat the associations to them.
The study of colors and rainbows as a natural phenomenon, if desired, can be turned into a most interesting game, during which all colors and their sequence will be learned quickly and easily.
Video: Rainbow: learning colors. Educational cartoon for children
At what age should a child know colors?
At one and a half to two years old, a child can already distinguish colors visually well. Between two and three years When a child begins to speak, it makes sense to start learning the names of colors.
How to teach a child to distinguish colors?
Simple and effective method- focus on colors in everyday life. While walking, playing, reading, pay attention to the colors. Start with the most basic ones, avoiding shades. While playing with your child, note that the car is blue, the cube is yellow, and the ball is red. Ask him to give you this or that item of a certain color. In a playful way, you can start looking for all green objects in the room.
What will help you learn colors?
Multi-colored cubes, balloons, crayons, colored paper or cardboard, pencils, educational books. With older children (about 4 years old and older), you can color the coloring pages with felt-tip pens.
Anything else?
Engage with your child regularly. Kindly correct his mistakes and praise his successes. Be patient and success will not take long to arrive.
Rainbow colors for children
Rainbow is an incredibly beautiful natural phenomenon. It looks like a multi-colored arc made up of colors (from the outer edge: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet). These are the seven colors that are usually identified in the rainbow in Russian culture. Below are visual pictures for teaching your child the basic colors.
The order of the colors is easy to remember using the mnemonic phrase: “ TO every O hunter and wants h nah, G de With goes f adhan." There are other options: " TO ak O once AND ak- h lantern G city With broke f onar. ( TO ak ABOUT once AND en Z lantern G tin WITH carried F onar)" and " TO from O slu, and Irafu, h Ike G blue With sewed f Ufaiki." In these sentences, each first letter in a word represents the initial letter of a color.
Rainbow color cards
Poem about colors
I'm in my grandmother's garden
I'll find a lot of red:
This is red raspberry
Nearby there is a red viburnum,
And they matured at the fence
Two handsome tomatoes.
Orange apricot
Grew on a tree.
Grew up, matured,
And I ate it.
These are yellow chickens.
Look, they are running somewhere.
Apparently mom is in the yard
Found a worm in the grass.
Here are the green frogs
And green grass.
In a swamp at the edge of the forest
You can hear a friendly “kwa-kwa!”
In summer the sky is above you
Blue-blue!
Bells underneath
Let's draw it blue.
Blue ball over the track
Flies into the clouds.
Wave your hand at him:
- Goodbye! Bye!
The eggplant lies in the garden -
Purple barrel.
And inside there is a sweet plum
A worm has settled in.
