Ovstuzhenka is a cherry variety with early-medium ripening fruits. Developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine by hybridization of 2 varieties - Compact Venyaminova and Leningradskaya Chernaya. Authorship assigned to M.V. Kanshina.
Since 2001, the variety has been entered into the State Register of Breeding Achievements in the Central Region (Bryansk, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tula region). It showed itself very well when grown in the south of the Non-Black Earth Region.
Trees are characterized by small size and fast growth rates; The crown is of medium density, slightly raised, spherical in shape. The shoots are medium thick, straight, pubescent, colored brownish-brown. The buds are large, pointed, vegetative - cone-shaped, strongly deviated, generative - ovoid, strongly pointed. The leaves are large in size, ovoid in shape, with a sharply pointed apex and a rounded base, with double-serrate serrations along the edges, color - green, young leaves - pigmented. The leaf blade is flat, matte. The petioles are medium in thickness, short in length, each with 2 colored glands.
Inflorescences are triflorous. The flowers themselves are large, the petals come one after another. The corolla is saucer-shaped. The stigma of the pistil is at the level of the stamens or slightly higher; the pistil and stamens are long. The calyx is goblet-shaped, the sepals are not serrated, pigmented. The formation of fruit ovaries is concentrated on bouquet branches (up to 63%).
The fruits of the Ovstuzhenka cherry are large (the average weight of the berry is 4.2 g, the largest specimens can grow up to 6 - 7 g; height - 1.9 cm, width - 1.9 cm, thickness - 1.6 cm), in shape - round/oval, dark red (almost black) in color. The stalks are medium in length and thickness, the detachment is dry. Seeds weighing up to 0.27 g (6.4% of the total weight of the berry), ovoid in shape, with a pointed apex and a wide-round base, color - light brown. The separation from the pulp is good. The fruits do not crack even in wet years.
The pulp is of medium density, colored, like the juice, dark red, the taste of cherries is very good - juicy, sweet. Tasting score - 4.5 - 4.7 points. By chemical composition the berries contain: dry matter (17.2 - 17.7%), total sugars (11.6%), acids (0.4 - 0.45%), vitamin C (13.4 mg/100 g). The use of the variety is universal.
Flowering occurs in the early stages, fruit ripening occurs at the end of June. Fruiting begins in the 4th - 5th year.
In general, Ovstuzhenka cherries are assessed as high-yielding. Although the average productivity of young trees is not so high and is equal to 15 - 16 kg/tree. (or 102 c/ha), the maximum yield reaches 30 kg/tree. (or 206 c/ha).
The winter hardiness of the variety is good. After harsh winters, the freezing of trees was 0.3 points, and 34% of flower buds died. After spring frosts, 19% of the pistils died. The resistance of the trunk and the base of the skeletal branches to frost damage and sunburn is also noted.
The variety is highly resistant to fungal diseases - moniliosis and coccomycosis, resistance to klyasterosporiosis is at an average level.
Self-pollination of this cherry is low (up to 5%). To increase productivity, it is recommended to plant additional pollinating varieties near it. The best among them: Bryansk pink, Iput, Raditsa, Revna, Pink Pearl, Tyutchevka.
The main advantages of Ovstuzhenka cherries are: attractive fruits with great taste, low trees, relatively early ripening, stable fruiting, disease resistance.
No significant deficiencies were identified in the variety.
Cherry (Cerasus avium).
Other names: bird cherry.
Description. Tree of the Rose family (Rosaceae) up to 10 m or more in height. It has a predominantly horizontal root system. Under certain conditions, branched vertical roots can also form. In the first two years of life, the tree has a taproot. The crown of the tree is light, from ovoid to cone-shaped.
The bark of young trees is brownish, reddish, silvery in color, has numerous stripes, and is covered with brown lentils. Sometimes there may be peeling of the bark in thin transverse films. The leaves are petiolate, obovate, oblong-ovate, oval or elliptical in shape, shortly pointed, slightly wrinkled, serrated along the edge. Petioles with 2 glands at the base of the plate.
The flowers are bisexual, large, white, collected in bunches of 2-5. Five sepals and petals, one pistil, many stamens. Pedicels without green leaves. Cherry blossoms bloom in late April - early May. Fruit ripening at the end of May - July (depending on the variety).
Cherry fruits are drupes with a juicy, fleshy pericarp. The shape of the fruits can be oval, heart-shaped or spherical; by color - pale yellow, yellow with a reddish blush, red, dark red, almost black; tastes sweet and sour or sweet. The fruit seed is spherical or slightly elongated, with a smooth surface.
IN wildlife Sweet cherries reproduce mainly by seeds, but also by stump and root shoots. In cultivation, cherries are propagated by calcination. It grows wild in the forests of Ukraine, southern Russia, the Caucasus, Western Asia, North Africa. Sweet cherry is the oldest form of cherry. It is cultivated in Ukraine, Moldova, and the Caucasus.
Popular varieties of early ripening cherries: Mayskaya, Skorospelka, Rannyaya Duki, Priusadnaya Mayskaya, Valery Chkalov, Rannyaya Marki, Melitopolskaya rannyaya; medium ripening period: Beauty of Kiev, Graduate, Yaroslavna, Van-compact, Revan, Silvia, Kitaevskaya black, Bacchante, Rozovinka Mlievskaya, Donchanka, Ugolek, etc. Popular varieties of cherries late date ripening: Noble, Drogana yellow, Izyumnaya, Amazon, Regina, Pink Mlievskaya, etc.
Collection and preparation of raw materials. Cherry fruits are used and harvested for food and medicinal purposes, and cherry stalks are also used for medicinal purposes. The berries are collected as they ripen. Since the berries ripen unevenly, 2-3 harvests are carried out.
Pick berries that are fully ripe and have taste qualities, characteristic of this variety. If transportation of berries is intended, then in this case the berries are picked 3-4 days before they are completely ripe. If the berries are picked too early, their taste will be insufficient.
There are three ways to manually collect cherries: picking with stalks (stalks); cutting half the stalk with scissors; collection without stalks. How to pick berries depends on their purpose and variety. If the berries are intended to be transported and they must be marketable, then the first or second collection method is necessary. If you plan to quickly process the berries, then the third method is suitable.
Cherry berries are consumed fresh. They can also be dried, frozen, and prepared into compotes, preserves, jams, jellies, and candied fruits. Before drying cherries, the berries are first washed, sorted, separated from the stalks, dried, spread on a cloth in a thin layer. Then the seeds are removed from the berries, laid out on a baking sheet and dried in the oven at 50°C for 10 hours. Then continue to dry at 70-75°C. The berries are considered sufficiently dried if they do not stick together.
Cherries beneficial features, application, treatment.
Fresh cherries have restorative, hematopoietic, diuretic, tonic, analgesic properties. They also increase appetite, stimulate intestinal motility (useful for constipation associated with weak peristalsis), stimulate metabolism (help normalize weight), relieve or reduce swelling (due to diuretic properties), help reduce blood clotting, cleanse the body of “bad” cholesterol And harmful products exchange (this is the prevention of thrombosis).
The analgesic properties of cherries will be useful for rheumatism, arthritis, gout, stomach pain, spastic colitis. Cherry berries are recommended as a therapeutic and dietary remedy for peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum (with normal and low acidity), intestinal diseases, which are accompanied by weak peristalsis.
Due to the fact that cherries contain a lot of iron, they will be a good therapeutic and prophylactic remedy for iron deficiency anemia. Varieties of red cherries and more dark colors contain more carotenoids and anthocyanins, so these varieties of cherries will be useful for hypertension and atherosclerosis. Moreover, anthocyanins and carotenoids play an important role in maintaining the normal functioning of the visual system.
Due to its diuretic properties, cherries will be useful for kidney diseases, and the amygdalin contained in them will have a beneficial effect against neuroses. Cherry berries are used in the production of baby food (purees, juices, compotes).
IN folk medicine a decoction of cherry stalks is used for kidney stones, infusion or decoction dried berries as an expectorant, antipyretic, tonic for colds, and also to improve appetite.
Crushed fresh cherry flowers or leaves are applied to wounds, boils, and abscesses as an anti-inflammatory, wound-healing agent.
Dosage forms and doses.
Infusion of dried cherries. Pour 4-5 tablespoons of dried cherries into four glasses of boiling water, leave for 5 hours, strain. Take a glass 3-4 times a day to improve appetite, and also as an expectorant, antipyretic, and tonic for colds.
Decoction of cherry stalks. Pour 2 tablespoons of dried cherry stalks into two glasses of boiling water, cook over low heat for 10-12 minutes, remove from heat and strain after 10 minutes. Bring the volume of the decoction to 400 ml with boiled water. Take half a glass 3-4 r. per day for kidney stones.
Infusion of fresh leaves. 10 grams of fresh cherry leaves are poured with a glass of boiling water, left for 1 hour, filtered. Take a third of a glass 3 rubles. per day for arthritis.
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Cherry: description of the 20 best varieties (Photo & Video) + Reviews
Let's talk about cherries and describe their best varieties. There are sweet, slightly sour, crispy, soft, and different colors. Thanks to selection, new forms of this amazing tree are developed every year.
Cherry varieties: description and photo
To get a bountiful harvest, it is necessary to choose varieties taking into account the climate in a particular region. Thus, frost-resistant varieties are suitable for central Russia, but more heat-loving plants can be grown in Ukraine.
Unlike cherries, cherries ripen much earlier; their tasty and aromatic fruits can already be enjoyed in early summer - June. This real source useful microelements (iron, iodine, potassium, magnesium, calcium) The fruits of the plant grow in the form of a single-locular drupe with a succulent pericarp.
Considering the late emergence of cherry fruit buds from a state of forced dormancy, the yield of this crop is characterized as stable. Another advantage of cherries is the presence of reliable protection from return frosts on the anthers and pistils, which cherries do not have.
The leaves of the fruit crop are very large sizes, are distinguished by an elongated oval or elongated obovate shape and brown glands on the petioles.
Meet at the market self-fertile varieties It doesn't work out that often. They can be purchased by order from abroad. Popular hybrid forms include: Alex, Peter, Stella, Sandor, Sweet Hart.
Below is a list of the most popular cherry varieties with descriptions and photos.
According to reviews:
Valery Chkalov
- Early berry ripening
- Large fruit size (weight up to 6-8 g)
- High taste characteristics of the fruit (the pulp is dark red in color, juicy, semi-cartilaginous consistency)
- Dessert type
- Universal use of berries
- High degree of productivity (62 kg per tree on average)
- High level of frost resistance (-23.5 degrees
- Tallness (up to 5 m)
- Wet separation of the berry from the fruit, juice is released
- The level of precocity is average (yields a harvest in the 5th year)
- Self-sterile variety
- Average level of resistance to diseases, including fungal ones
- The tree is medium-sized, compact
- The crown has no sharp forks
- Easy to care for
- The fruits have high taste and consumer qualities
- Due to the dense skin, the crop is transportable over long distances
- High level of frost resistance (up to -30 degrees)
- High degree of resistance to frost cracking and sunburn
- Wood resistance to fungal infections
- Average late ripening period
- Self-sterility
- Medium-sized tree
- The fruits are very large, weighing up to 18 g
- The taste is sweet and sour, the color of the fruit is dark red, the pulp is medium dense
- High product characteristics
- Increased frost resistance
- Dry stem separation
- Transportability indicator is good
- Not susceptible to moniliosis
- Resistance to drought, without loss of taste qualities of the crop
- Late ripening
- Self-sterile
- Mid-season
- The berries are very large, weighing up to 15 g
- The taste and commercial qualities are excellent (the fruits have a rich red color, glossy shine, the flesh is dense, fleshy, juicy)
- Tasting score 4.5 points
- Duration of fruiting 20 years
- Berries are subject to shedding during heavy rainfall
- Requires additional pollination
- Low degree of resistance to fungal diseases and garden pests
- early ripening varieties of cherries bear fruit in mid-June;
- mid-ripening ones ripen at the end of the same month;
- At the beginning of July, late cherries ripen.
- it is quite developed and vigorous;
- the crown is characterized by a strong structure;
- the fruits appear and ripen quite early;
- yields of the Summit variety are consistently high;
- The tree is not afraid of frost and resists diseases well.
- berries are quite characteristic big sizes, their weight can reach 10 g;
- The skin of the fruit is red and shiny, but becomes darker as it ripens;
- the flesh is red-yellow, sweet;
- The stone is small and easily separated from the pulp.
- its crown is of medium development;
- it grows quite quickly from a seedling;
- a neat, wide-conical crown is formed without cutting branches, so shaping the tree does not require much effort (read how to prune cherries here);
- the tree begins to bear a harvest of berries in the fourth year of life;
- the trunk and branches are distinguished by good frost resistance, which cannot be said about the buds;
- You can harvest up to 30 kg of crop from one tree;
- The variety is disease-resistant and does not rot for a long time.
Pollinators: Dneprovskaya, Bigarro Burlat, Aprilka, June early Skorospelka
Its best pollinators: Radits, Compact, Iput, Venyaminova, Tyutchevka, Ovstuzhenki
Large-fruited
Best pollinators: Bugaro Oratovsky, Surprise, Francis,
Best pollinators: Early ripening, Burlat, April, Homestead, Early Bigarro
Cherry Summit, Minchanka and Karina - description of varieties
Everyone loves ripe sweet cherries; few will remain indifferent to their unique taste. But in order to get berries, you must first grow a tree from a seedling, and at this stage many people have problems. They start with choosing the right variety.
There are many varieties of cherries, but they can be divided into three groups, differing in ripening time:
This article describes all three types of cherries, varieties Summit, Karina, Minchanka. Perhaps this review will help everyone who wants to plant cherries and decide on the choice of a suitable variety.
Variety Summit
Cherry fruits of the Summit variety
The homeland of this type of cherry is Canada. The berries will be ripe from the end of the first summer month before the start of the second.
The differences between this tree variety are:
Berries also have their own differences:
The variety exhibits good disease resistance. The berries may crack, but the percentage of such damage to the crop of this variety is very small.
Variety Karina
Cherry variety Karina
Karina is considered one of the most late-ripening varieties. Cherries were bred in Germany.
This late variety of cherries is characterized by good frost resistance and resistance to various kinds of diseases, such as cherries (read our article about cherry diseases). It begins to bear fruit between July 25 and July 27.
A tree can be distinguished by the following characteristics:
The berries have the following qualities:
- The tree must be protected from severe frosts and winds. It is better not to plant cherries in lowlands.
- The cherry tree grows quite quickly and quickly begins to bear fruit.
- Temperature changes are detrimental to cherries; it is advisable to whiten their trunk or wrap it in thick white cloth.
- 12.6 grams of sugars;
- 18.8 grams of fiber that does not interfere with taste;
- only 0.3 grams of organic acids, of which ascorbic acid accounts for 13 mg.
- plantings must be watered;
- remove fallen leaves and debris from tree trunks;
- the lower part of the trunk is wrapped in non-woven material, cardboard or densely covered with coniferous branches.
- winter hardiness;
- disease resistance;
- compactness of the tree;
- high productivity and large fruit;
- excellent taste of fruits and their universal purpose;
- good transportability and good shelf life for cherries;
- precocity.
- tendency to fruit cracking;
- self-sterility;
- demands on soil.
- Cherries are usually planted at the age of 2 years. A two-year-old seedling should have 3-4 well-developed side shoots.
- If you purchase a seedling with an open root system, you need to inspect it. The roots should not be rotten or dry; when cut, a healthy root has a cream color.
- The trunk thickness of a good cherry seedling is about 2 cm.
- Wrinkling of the bark is a sign that the plant has dried out. Also, there should be no growths, cracks, or swelling on the trunk.
- It is important to clarify on which rootstock the cherry is grafted. Practice shows that on cherry rootstocks the cherries have weak anchorage, and an already mature tree can break at the junction. The best rootstock options are Cerapadus Izmailovsky and Moscovia (hybrids of cherry and bird cherry), VTs-13 and VTs-52 (hybrid of cherry and cerapadus).
- dig a hole 1 meter in diameter and 80 cm deep;
- fill it with four buckets of humus, filling it with a mound.
- Place a support stake on a mound of humus (cone) poured at the bottom of the planting hole.
- Place the seedling on the top of the mound and spread the roots so that they evenly descend along its slopes.
- Fill the hole with good soil mixed with humus and compact the hole a little.
- Check the position of the cervix. It should be slightly above the surface.
- Tie the seedling to a support.
- Make a groove around the circumference of the planting hole and water the seedling well along this groove.
- Mulch the tree trunk circle with organic mulch.
- In spring, a loose loop of twine is attached to a side branch, closer to the top.
- The second end of the twine is tied to a peg in the ground so that the branch forms a right or even an obtuse angle with the trunk.
- The plant spends the entire summer in this “crucified” position. In the fall, the loop can be trimmed.
- Sweet cherries are perfectly pollinated by their “sister” cherries. Thanks to this property, hybrids of these crops - duki - appeared. Therefore, if the garden already has an early ripening cherry tree, you don’t have to plant another cherry tree next to Iput. As a pollinator, for example, Turgenevskaya cherry may be suitable for it.
- Option for even more economical use of garden space– grafting of donor material of a pollinating variety into the crown of the Iput cherry. Thus, you can get two on one stamp different varieties which will pollinate each other.
- If there are suitable cherries in the neighboring garden, You can completely do without your own pollinator. The main thing to consider is two points:
- plant your cherries no further than 30 meters from your neighbor’s tree;
- make sure that there is no pear or apple tree growing between them, which can interfere with cross-pollination.
- Remove and burn affected shoots as quickly as possible.
- Treat the diseased plant with Horus. It is an extended-spectrum fungicide. For better adhesion to the surface, you can dissolve it not in plain water, but with the addition of laundry or tar soap.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide it with normal nutrition in advance even at the stage of planting the seedling by filling the hole with compost.
Watch in the next video how and with what to fertilize correctly fruit trees, including cherries:
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Cherry Revna: variety description, photo and crop care
Thanks to breeders, the growing area for southern heat-loving crops has expanded significantly, incorporating areas of the center of Russia and the Central Black Earth region. The result of the work of scientists from the Lupine Research Institute was the Revna cherry. Description of the variety, photos of fruiting and reviews from gardeners prove its value.
Bryansk, where the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine is located, cannot be classified as a place of traditional cherry cultivation. And, nevertheless, local gardeners, as well as summer residents in the Moscow region and other regions of central Russia, have the opportunity to annually enjoy the sweetness of juicy fruits from their plot.
As the starting material for obtaining the Revna cherry variety, breeders used seedlings of the Bryanskaya Rozovaya variety they themselves bred. During testing of the new variety, it confirmed excellent frost resistance, the quality of the harvest and resistance to common diseases of stone fruit crops. The variety was included in the State Register for the Central region in 1994.
Features of the Revna cherry variety
At correct landing and care, the Revna cherry quickly begins to grow, and in 4–5 years the tree forms a crown of medium density and height. Thanks to the skeletal branches extending from the trunk at a large angle, the plant is strong enough to withstand abundant fruiting, which begins just from the age of 5.
The crown of a wide pyramidal shape allows light and air to penetrate freely, thereby helping the tree to resist damage from mold fungi and pests.
In spring, the shoots of the cherry tree are covered with large, ovate leaves with pointed tips, a rounded base and highly serrated, double-serrated edges. On the leathery dark green surface, relief veins are visible, turning into a dense short petiole. It, like the young shoots, is almost completely colored in brownish-green tones.
The cherry variety Revna is characterized by late flowering. Up to 80% of flowers collected in 4-5 pieces open on bouquet branches. The white-petalled corollas have a wide-open, saucer-like shape. A pistil surrounded by stamens is clearly visible in the center. Due to its excellent winter hardiness in the harsh winters of the Central region, the cherry is slightly damaged.
A stronger trunk, skeletal branches and buds are not afraid of sunburn. However, during spring frost, up to 17% of growth buds and about 70% of flower buds can suffer.
Fruiting and pollinators for Revna cherries
If by the age of 4–5 years the tree has been properly pruned, it will bloom and form an ovary for the first time. According to the description and photo, the Revna cherry variety belongs to the mid-late variety. Fruits weighing from 4.5 to 8 grams are held on the branches with the help of strong, short stalks. Among similar varieties, the Bryansk variety of cherries is distinguished by its wide rounded shape, noticeable funnel, rounded top and dark, almost black skin. When cut, the cherry reveals dense, rich red pulp filled with thick juice.
The oval seed of a milky beige hue makes up only 5% of the mass of the ripe fruit. Separating it from the pulp is not entirely difficult, which is extremely important not only when eating fresh cherries, but when making jam, compotes and other types of preserves. According to the assessments of the expert council and photos of Revna cherries, its fruits have an attractive appearance and excellent taste, worthy of a rating of 4.9 points.
Unlike many other varieties that quickly deteriorate, due to their dense pulp, Revna cherries can be well stored and transported.
For a heat-loving crop, accustomed to longer and hotter summers, the Revna cherry variety shows high quality sweet fruits. In good years, per 100 grams of pulp there is:
Features of planting and caring for Revna cherries
For cherries to be sweet and juicy, they need sun and moisture. Fruit trees must be planted in an elevated place, sheltered from cold winds, but sunny, and the garden must be watered before ripening.
As can be seen from the description and photo of Revna cherries, the variety is characterized by increased winter hardiness and survives the cold season without serious losses; in the fall, before the onset of stable frosts, care must be taken to protect the trunks. For this:
In the summer, when the ovary is filled with juice and is already colored, it is useful to protect the crown from uninvited guests, including sparrows and starlings, which eagerly eat sweet treats.
Healthy and tasty cherry fruits will appeal to both adults and little gourmets. However, a bountiful harvest can only be achieved by planting varieties nearby for cross-pollination. Among the pollinators for the Revna cherry, experts in agricultural technology name the Compactnaya and Velyaminova cherry varieties, bred by Bryansk breeders Iput, as well as adapted to temperate climate Ovstuzhenka and Tyutchevka.
If you don’t take care of the beneficial surroundings in time, the cherry orchard will produce no more than 5% of the possible harvest.
Regular treatment of trees against pests will help increase the yield of your garden. Despite the variety’s resistance to most diseases, the trees could benefit from preventative spraying and sanitary pruning.
Planting and caring for cherries - video
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The most complete description of the Iput cherry variety
The word “cherry” is associated with the hot southern sun, the Black Sea and the ancient Greek city of Kerasund. It was there that the Romans saw this plant several thousand years ago and gave it the name Cerasus avium.
Traditional cherry growing regions are in warm regions. Until recently, it was difficult to imagine that this crop could be grown in the cold climate of Central Russia. But, as Napoleon said, “genius consists in the ability to distinguish the difficult from the impossible.” Breeders got down to business, and the Iput cherry was born.
How a Southerner Became a Northerner
It all started with the Lupine Institute in the Bryansk region. There, in the fruit growing department, a unique geneticist, Mayina Vladimirovna Kanshina, has been working for more than forty years. She devoted all her talent and her whole life to developing cold-resistant varieties of cherries.
The Iput variety is the “daughter” of selection forms numbered 3-36 and 8-14. After their crossing, many years of nurturing and strict selection of hybrid seedlings followed. In 1993, a new cherry variety was included in the register of breeding achievements and recommended for cultivation in the Central and Central Black Earth regions of Russia. Mayina Vladimirovna gave the name to her brainchild from the name of the Iput River, which flows through the Bryansk region.
Cherry Iput: variety description
Practical gardeners, when thinking about purchasing a new “tenant” for their garden, focus on several parameters: the size of an adult tree, early fruitfulness, early maturity, resistance to weather and other conditions, productivity. For convenience, all characteristics of Iput cherries are collected in the table:
The color of Iputi fruits ranges from red to almost black, depending on the degree of ripeness. Average weight - 5.3 grams. The largest specimens reach up to 9 grams. They come off the stalk easily. IN rainy weather may crack.
The pulp is very juicy, medium-dense, scarlet in color, with an excellent sweet taste. The juice is red. Tasting score – 4.5 points.
The bone does not separate well.
Ripe cherries Iput
Thus, the advantages of the Iput variety include:
A few disadvantages:
The harvest begins with a seedling, like a theater with a hanger. Therefore, you need to choose a seedling for your plot very pickily.
Having chosen a “pet”, you need to immediately wrap its roots in a moistened rag, put it in a bag and tie it up. In this condition, the seedling can be transported to the site without fear that root system will dry out.
Cherry is a light-demanding crop, and you need to choose a place for it that is sunny and protected from the wind. Drafts are destructive even for zoned “northerners”. The soil on the site should be breathable and well-drained. Swampy or clayey dense soils, lowlands with stagnant spring meltwater are not suitable for cherries. The groundwater horizon must lie at a depth of at least 2 meters.
In cold regions, cherries can only be planted in spring. So, about preparation seat should take care in the fall:
A purchased seedling can be kept for some time without being planted in a permanent place, if you lay it down and sprinkle the roots with soil. And yet it is better not to delay for a long time, but to immediately place it in the landing hole.
Iput cherry berries on a bush
Cherries, like most fruit crops, are very convenient to plant “on a cone”. The algorithm of actions is as follows:
If the seedling was purchased in a container, the planting process is simplified. A hole 20 cm wider and deeper than the volume of the container is enough. The plant is placed in it along with a lump of earth and covered with a mixture of earth and humus.
Proper care
The tree trunk will require care throughout the life of the plant. It should be moist, loosened, free of weeds and mulched. It is good to plant marigolds around the circumference. These flowers attract ladybugs- natural enemies of aphids, which like to land on young cherry shoots.
Immediately after planting, the cherries must begin to be shaped. The first step is to inspect the crown. If there is no obvious “leader” among the shoots, it needs to be “nominated”: choose a good top one, pull it to the support, giving it a vertical position, and tie it up. The remaining shoots are future skeletal branches of the cherry tree. They should be shortened at the lower bud to a length of 25 cm.
In the first year after planting, young cherries only need to be watered. In the fall, to better prepare the plant for wintering, you can feed it with superphosphate (2 tablespoons per 1 sq. m of crown projection). The Iput variety tolerates frost well, but at a young age it is better to provide it with additional protection.
Non-woven covering materials perform well in this capacity. Before the onset of frost, a frame is installed around the seedling and covered in several layers with agrospan or spunbond with a thickness of 60 g/sq. m.
In the second year, cherries will need spring nitrogen fertilizing. It is better to use good manure humus, then there is no risk of “overfeeding” the plant.
It is also necessary to continue the formation of the crown. There are different opinions about pruning cherries. For example, the famous pomologist Lev Platonovich Simirenko believed that pruning is contraindicated for this crop. Cherry has a low shoot-forming ability, and its crown itself is formed sparsely. Even in mature trees, you can often get by with sanitary pruning and simple tapping of shoots directed into the crown.
However, to stimulate fruiting and better yield, it is necessary from a young age to accustom the skeletal branches of the cherry tree to the correct position. The following rule applies here: the greater the angle between the shoot and the trunk, the better the harvest. To ensure this condition, in the old days bast shoes were hung on the branches of young seedlings. Now you can use the method of bending the shoots:
Flowering cherry variety Iput
In mid-summer, the cherry tree is inspected for this year’s growth. Cherries are capable of driving out them up to 60 cm or more in length per season. This is not very good - long growths do not have time to ripen before winter. Therefore, they should be pinched. Among other things, this procedure stimulates the branching of cherries.
To keep the tree compact, you need to monitor the height of the central conductor. A leader height of three meters will be sufficient. When it grows to this mark, it is cut off and transferred to the nearest skeletal branch.
3 facts about cherry pollination
Cherry is a cross-pollinated plant. Even for partially self-fertile varieties, the yield of the crop increases greatly if other cherries are planted nearby. But this does not mean that your entire plot needs to be turned into a cherry orchard. You can get by with minimal costs.
Diseases and pests
The scourge of stone fruits is fungal infections. Fortunately, Iput almost never suffers from moniliosis or coccomycosis. If infection does occur, you need to do the following:
Aphids, which often attack cherries, have already been discussed. You can fight it with chemicals like Iskra, but you must remember: insecticides kill not only pests, but also beneficial insects - bees, ladybugs, lacewings. Having noticed aphids on your tree, it is better to deal with them with a simple ash-soap solution.
Harvest and storage
During fruit filling, cherries must be protected from starlings. These wonderful friends of gardeners can become fierce competitors for some time, and in order not to be left without a harvest, it is better to throw a protective net over the tree in time.
Mass harvesting of Iput cherries can begin when the fruits acquire a dark red color. It is important to monitor the condition of the stalks: if they begin to dry out, time has been lost and the cherries are overripe. Such fruits will have to be processed or eaten immediately.
Cherries must be removed from the branches carefully. Do not throw, but place the fruits in containers. Set aside damaged ones, with broken skins.
It will not be possible to keep Iput fresh for a long time - like any cherry, it quickly loses its taste and becomes watery. You can keep it in the refrigerator for 5 days, but then it is better to freeze it or make preparations for the winter. A jar of fragrant jam on a winter evening will remind you of the beautiful wanderer who made a long journey from the “Greeks” to the “Varangians”.
And finally, a short video that gives a description of cherries, including the Drozdovsky variety:
The culture is early. Already in June you can get the first dose of vitamins and microelements, with which cherries are fully enriched. Cherry harvests are stable due to the fact that the buds leave the dormant state late, and the pollination elements are protected from night frosts. Cherry trees of all varieties are tall, about twenty meters, and their “life” is one hundred years.
Cherries do not like excess moisture. Therefore, the selection of a site for planting must be approached seriously.
Most varieties are not capable of self-pollination. To obtain a harvest, it is recommended to plant a pair of seedlings with the same flowering periods nearby.
Beginning gardeners may not know that most varieties need a pollinator. Then, instead of the long-awaited harvest, disappointment comes in the form of a meager amount of berries. These nuances must be clarified when purchasing seedlings.
Selection is constantly evolving, in last years new self-fertile varieties have emerged. Buying them is not easy; you can resort to the help of foreign catalogs or specialized nurseries. Otherwise, there is a risk of being deceived. High-quality seedlings are a real shortage of our time.
When describing cherry varieties, many different classifications are used. The size of the tree and fruit can be described, the type of tree crowns, the juiciness of berries, the ripening period of cherries, sweetness, and so on can vary. The most successful varieties for planting in the amateur garden that deserve attention are listed below.
Early ripening representatives
These include Iput, Zheltaya Priusadednaya, Orlovskaya and others. Ready-to-eat fruits can be picked as early as the second or third week of June.
- Here we go. The tree is of medium height, has a dense, wide crown in the shape of a pyramid. In mid-May, with the onset of stable warmth, flowering begins. Cherries are juicy, brownish-red in color. During fruit ripening, it is important not to overdo it with moisture at the rhizome. If there is an excess of it, the berries become watery, crack, and can rot. After planting a seedling, you can expect a harvest no earlier than five seasons later. A mature tree can bear up to forty kilograms of berries.
Variety Iput - Ovstuzhenka. The crown of a tree is in the form of a ball with dense foliage. Already in early May, the active flowering phase begins. The cherry is large, almost black, has a bright, rich taste, and is sweet. The fruits ripen in the sixth year after planting. It is highly resistant to frost, pests and pathogens.
Variety Ovstuzhenka Mid-season varieties
The fruits ripen in mid-summer. These include Beauty, Adelina, Pobeda and others.
- Bryanochka. The tree is not tall - up to five meters, and has a wide crown. The active flowering phase occurs at the end of May. The berries are heart-shaped, dark, almost brown. Taste sweet, not very juicy. The skin is dense, so it can be preserved without cracks appearing. Cherries ripen in the fifth year after planting the seedling. The variety is productive, winter-hardy, and resistant to diseases and pests.
Variety Bryanochka - Michurinka. Based on many years of research, scientists claim that this variety is the most successful in all respects among the later ones. Advantages: the tree is compact - it is not tall, the crown is oval. The fruits are medium in size, with excellent taste. Application – universal. High resistance to frost and diseases.
Variety Michurinka These are just some of the representatives of juicy berries for planting in the middle zone; appropriate varieties are recommended for different climatic zones.
Cherry for the south
In warm southern regions The crop is classified according to ripening time into very early and early varieties. Prominent representatives of very early cherries are Rubinovaya early, Rozovinka early, Early Krasnodar. Their common drawback is low winter hardiness, so it makes no sense to plant seedlings of these varieties in other regions.
Selection does not stand still, in Lately Many new hybrids have been bred for the south, among them Krasa Kuban, Velvet, Goryanka, Yaroslavka, Golubushka, but so far they have not been able to improve the results of the varieties described above.
Cherries for the northern regions
The culture is generally heat-loving, but what should residents of northern climate zones who want to grow cherries in their gardens do? Scientists have been looking for an answer to this question for many years. It was possible to develop a number of hybrids capable of adapting to harsh weather conditions, surviving cold winters, short summer give a harvest. The most common ones here are: Baby, Diana, Poetry. They are characterized by high frost resistance. You need to understand that you shouldn’t count on large berries.
- Denisa yellow. Highest winter hardiness, even spring-autumn night frosts are not capable of harming the crop. Excellent yield, resistance to diseases and pests. The downside is that fruiting does not occur earlier than six years after planting. The taste is excellent, the berries are medium in size.
Variety Denis yellow - Early stamp. The taste is excellent, the size is medium. High yield, active fruiting from the sixth year of growth. Resistance to diseases and pests is average.
Variety Early brand Planting a seedling
When the issue of choosing varietal planting material has been resolved, you can move on to the stage of selecting a site for planting. The culture takes root well in well-permeable, light, organically fertilized soils. Does not accept excess moisture, stagnant groundwater, or clay soils.
It is advisable that shadows from other trees do not fall on the seedling, because sunlight necessary.
It is important not to bury the root collar; it should remain on the surface. The best time for planting is spring or autumn.
Immediately after planting, it is recommended to tame each branch by a third, then the seedling will take root better. This measure is necessary so that the damaged rhizome has the opportunity to recover without giving up all the nutrients for the active growth of shoots.
After planting, the space around the seedling is leveled with the soil, preventing the formation of depressions. The tree reacts poorly to the accumulation of leading fluid. The soil is well watered before planting. Well, immediately a seedling.
There are recommendations for the prevention of coccomycosis. Here the common Lily of the Valley will come to the rescue. Planting flowers around the rhizome of a tree will serve as an excellent antifungal agent; the roots of the flowers are not deep, they are long enough to absorb excess moisture.
Caring for a young tree
An important aspect is correct formation crowns Tall tree- this is a complete inconvenience. Primarily due to poor accessibility to berries. At the top, starlings will enjoy them with pleasure.
Pruning of shoots is carried out annually before the beginning of the period of active fruiting. When the tree is still young, it is given a tiered shape, maintaining the same distance between the tiers. During the first years of growth, the main shoot, the trunk, is pruned to stimulate the growth of lateral branches. Starting from the sixth year, branches are shortened as necessary. Non-conducting branches are shortened. After the tree has begun to produce a stable harvest each year, it only requires sanitary pruning. Dry branches are removed to stimulate the development of stronger lateral branches.
Cherry is a relatively new fruit crop for our country, however European countries Cherries have been grown for a long time. Sweet cherry is considered one of the varieties of cherries, and in translation its name means “bird cherry”. In our country, we have long tried to develop varieties of cherries that could grow in these climatic conditions. And it must be said that the breeders succeeded in this.
Today, there are several dozen varieties of cherries that are suitable not only for the southern regions of our country, but also for the middle zone. Thanks to crossing the best varieties, cherry varieties have been created that can withstand frosts of up to 35 degrees, which until recently seemed impossible. Now absolutely all gardeners can admire the delicious and juicy cherries and the beauty of flowering trees with leaves of unusual and bright colors. To do this, you just need to choose the right variety.
Early varieties of cherries.In the southern regions, the main thing when choosing cherry varieties is its yield, taste and size of the fruit, as well as the time when the first berries begin to ripen. That is why for areas with excellent climatic conditions Early varieties of cherries are selected that are capable of producing a large harvest throughout the summer. At the very beginning of summer, already in the second ten days of June, cherries of the famous variety “Valery Chkalov”, which is grown in the Black Earth Region, ripen. The fruits of this variety are large, juicy with excellent taste characteristics. Cherries begin to bear fruit already in the fourth year after planting. The next earliest ripening varieties are “Almaznaya” and “Farewell”. The fruits of this cherry can be enjoyed in the first ten days of July, and the size of the berries is larger than that of the Valery Chkalov cherry variety.
Gardeners are very fond of the early variety “Beauty”. It is bred from the American variety of the same name, which is grown in Ohio. In terms of climatic conditions, this particular state is similar to the south of our country, and with minor changes in some characteristics of this variety, the “Beauty” cherry has ideally adapted to the conditions of the Black Earth Region. The internal color of the berries of this variety is yellow, and the pulp is juicy and dense. Gardeners select the best varieties of cherries, as well as varieties of plums, which begin to bear fruit in the first or second decade of July. This is “Vasilisa”, “Rossoshanskaya Golden”. Thanks to successful selection, these varieties have a balanced combination of the most best qualities: the fruits are tasty and juicy, quite large, their quantity allows you to harvest a large harvest, and the magnificent flowering of trees will decorate any garden.
Cherry varieties for the middle zone It should be noted that cherry varieties, like pear varieties, for the middle zone do not have early species. Of course, this is due to difficult climatic conditions and the short duration of warm days. Usually these are varieties that produce crops in the first ten days of August. It is by this time that the berries have time to fully develop and acquire optimal taste. If you don’t know which variety to choose for planting in the middle zone, pay attention to the description of cherry varieties, which must indicate the degree of its winter hardiness. The higher it is, the better the cherry will withstand cold winters and frosts.
These varieties include the “Narodnaya” cherry, whose moderate growth and wide crown are the optimal form of growing cherries in the north of our country. Already in the third year after planting, this variety produces the first full harvest of medium-sized fruits with dark red flesh. These are very popular winter-hardy varieties cherries such as “Festivalnaya”, “Severnaya”, “Muskatnaya” and “Syubarovskaya”. Each of these varieties is able to survive cold conditions, while producing a full harvest of tasty, ripe and juicy berries.
The variety is medium-sized, characterized by resistance to diseases, regular and generous yields, large (10-12 g) heart-shaped fruits and gristly pulp, red in color. In Ukraine, "Bacchae" matures by June 20. The variety is well compatible with all rootstocks, including VSL-2.
VALERY CHKALOV
One of the most reputable early-ripening cherry varieties. The tree is vigorous, has a pyramidal crown at a young age, after several harvests the crown becomes spreading. The fruits are large (7-9 g), and in the south with watering - 12-15 g. The drupes are round-heart-shaped, dark red, almost black in color, there is a gray dot at the top of the fruit, and a mound in the groove. The juice and pulp of the fruits are colored intense red, the fruits are very tasty. The variety is resistant to pests and diseases, but has low winter hardiness of flower buds.
VALERIA
A vigorous Donetsk variety that ripens in mid-June. The fruits are large, average weight 9 g, with watering, favorable weather and high agricultural technology they can reach 15 g, red in color. The pulp is juicy, gristly, very sweet, sugar content 17.5%. A very productive variety with good transportability. At a young age, it requires intensive pruning and crown shaping. Has good frost and drought resistance.
VAN-COMPACT
A clone of the Canadian variety "Van", characterized by weaker growth and a compact crown. It begins to bear fruit early because it can bear fruit at the base of perennial growths, as well as on bouquet branches. Flower buds are very frost resistant. The tree itself is very resistant to bacterial cancer. The fruits are medium, weight 6.5 g, heart-shaped, dark red in color. The flesh is gristly and has a dessert taste. A very short stalk compared to other varieties is its distinctive feature.
GASTINETS
Large-fruited, fruit weight 4-5 g, the main thing is fast fruiting: the next year after planting there will be a harvest. It lays flower buds at the bottom of annual growths, without waiting for the growth of bouquet branches. The tree is pyramidal in shape and resistant to diseases. The fruits are heart-shaped, dark red, good taste, ripen on June 10-15. Resistant to fruit cracking in rainy weather. High winter hardiness. Fruits generously and regularly.
Cottage owner
The fruits are large, one-dimensional, yellow, sweet and sour, weight 8.7 g, round-heart-shaped. The apex of the fruit is round, the base with a depression. The hole is small and wide. The abdominal suture is small and inconspicuous. The skin is thin, bare, shiny, and can be easily removed from the fruit. The pulp is creamy, tender, juicy, melting. The juice is colorless. The bone is medium, round, free. The peduncle is medium, 4.6 cm long, the separation from the branch is good, the attachment to the stone is fragile. The fruits ripen on June 12-16. The variety is winter-hardy and drought-resistant.
DONETSKY UGOLEK
The variety was obtained at the Donetsk experimental station L.I. Taranenko from crossing the varieties "Drogana yellow" and "Valery Chkalov". Late ripening variety - the harvest ripens in early July. The tree is vigorous and bears fruit in the 4-5th year after planting. To speed up fruiting, it is necessary to remove the central conductor. The variety is very productive - 100-120 kg per tree. The fruits are large (9 g), the pulp is dense, dark red in color. The harvest is well transported. The fruits of this variety are good for compotes and other preserves.
DONCHANKA
One of the excellent varieties of L.I. Taranenko. The variety is frost and drought resistant. The variety is vigorous, but if the central conductor is removed in time, the tree grows wider and the crop can be harvested up to 10 years of age without a ladder. It begins to bear fruit in the 4th-5th year. The fruits are large (9 g), Pink colour with dense and tasty pulp, the harvest ripens in the mid-late period at the end of June.
KITAEVSKAYA BLACK
The most common early ripening variety. Ripens in early June, bears fruit generously and regularly. The tree is vigorous with a spreading crown and begins to bear fruit in the 4th-5th year. The morphological characteristic of the variety is very large buds - up to 5 mm. The variety is self-sterile. The fruits are large, weighing 6-8 g, one-dimensional, rounded-heart-shaped, with a pronounced groove. The main color is yellow, half of the fruit is covered with a bright red blush. The pulp is tender, half gristly, juicy, with a sweet dessert taste. Resistant to cracking in rainy weather, moniliosis and bacterial stone fruit cancer.
BEAUTY OF Kyiv
A widespread variety of Ukrainian selection. The tree is vigorous, by the age of 15 it can reach a height of 12 m, so it is advisable to remove the central conductor at a young age. The variety is very productive and produces 40-60 kg of harvest by 10 years. The fruits are large (6.5 g), heart-shaped, yellow with a red side, very tasty. The harvest ripens in the third decade of June. The variety is heavily affected by the cherry fly. Flower buds are frost resistant. After the harsh winter of 1986-1987. "Beauty of Kyiv" was distinguished by a good harvest.
LARGE FRUITED
The fruits are very large (average weight - 10 g, maximum - 18.2 g), wide-round in shape. The apex of the fruit is round, slightly depressed. The base of the fruit has a depression. The hole is small and wide. The abdominal suture is small and inconspicuous. The skin is thin, dark red, and can be easily removed from the fruit. Subcutaneous dots are inconspicuous, numerous, and gray in color. The pulp is dark red, gristly, juicy, sweet and sour. The stone is large, semi-free. The fruits ripen on June 25-30. The advantages of the variety are high winter hardiness, good taste, high annual yield, large fruit and transportability.
TENDERNESS
Medium-late ripening variety. Trees with a compact, round-oval crown of medium density. The variety is characterized by high winter hardiness. The fruits are large (6-8 g), and in some years even reach 9.5-10 g, round-heart-shaped, yellow with an intense pink-red blush on the illuminated side. The pulp is light yellow, dense (bigaro), gristly, juicy, with a very pleasant sweet and sour taste. A variety for universal use. In the conditions of the Kyiv region, the fruits ripen at the end of the third ten days of June - in the first ten days of July. The variety is resistant to fungal diseases.
HOUSEHOLD
The most common early ripening variety. Ripens in early June, bears fruit generously and regularly. The tree is vigorous with a spreading crown and bears fruit in the 4th-5th year. It has very large buds (up to 5 mm). The variety is self-sterile. The fruits are large, weight - 6-8 g, one-dimensional, round-heart-shaped, with a pronounced groove. The main color is yellow, half of the fruit is covered with a bright red blush. The pulp is half tender, gristly, juicy, with a sweet dessert taste. Resistant to cracking in rainy weather. The variety is resistant to moniliosis and bacterial canker of stone fruits.
SILVIA
Canadian variety obtained from crossing the Lambert Compact and Van varieties. A low-growing variety that forms a small spherical crown. This cherry is resistant to diseases and frost. The fruits are large, weight 10 g, dark red. The pulp is firm, dessert taste. "Sylvia" ripens in early July. The harvest can be stored for several weeks in the refrigerator without losing its taste and marketability.
SKOROSPELKA
In some years it is ready for consumption on May 18-20. The tree is vigorous with a rounded crown, well leafed. The fruits are quite large - 5 g, round-heart-shaped, red in color, sweet and sour taste. When ripening in rainy weather, drupes can crack and rot. It grows mainly in the southern regions of Ukraine.
YAROSLAVNA
Variety of Donetsk selection. It has a round, vigorous crown shape. Fruits from the age of 4 years. Early ripening variety - ripens in the first ten days of June. The berries are large (8 g), black. It has excellent winter hardiness, not inferior to its parent "Drogana yellow", and has good drought resistance. A productive variety - up to 80 kg of fruit from ten-year-old trees. In our area, this variety can safely replace “Valeria Chkalova”. With similarity appearance it is more resistant to weather conditions and more productive.
Strawberry varieties - Video.
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Cherry varieties - Video.
Average late variety cherries selected by the Institute of Irrigated Horticulture of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences. The fruits ripen June 17 - 24.
The tree is medium-sized, fast-growing. The crown is wide-rounded, raised, dense. Shoot-forming ability is good.
The fruits are large, one-dimensional, with an average weight of 8 - 10 g, round-oval, dark red, almost black. The apex of the fruit is round, the base of the fruit is indented. Attachment to the stone is fragile, separation from the fruit is dry. The skin is thin, dense, dark red, and when the fruit is fully ripe, it is almost black, shiny, and easily separated from the pulp. The pulp is dark red, dense, gristly, juicy. The juice is dark red. The stone is small, round, free. The taste is sweet with pleasant acidity.
It is distinguished by its transportability and versatility of use. The average yield is 87.2 kg per tree.
The variety is self-sterile. The best pollinators are Large-fruited, Surprise, Bigaro Otarovsky.
Advantages: stable high yield, winter hardiness, resistance to moniliosis, high tree viability.
Cherry variety Bacchante
Bacchante- medium-sized variety, resistant to major types of diseases. Fruits abundantly and regularly. Winter-hardy variety.
The fruits are large (10-12 g, larger ones up to 14 g), orange with a red blush, oval-heart-shaped, with red flesh, a pleasant sweet dessert taste. Any type of rootstock is suitable.
Cherry variety Announcement
Cherry Announcement– a late variety selected by the Institute of Irrigated Horticulture of the UAAS. The fruits ripen on June 20-25.
The tree is large, forms a spreading, slightly drooping, dense crown. It begins to bear fruit in the 4th year.
The fruits are large (9 g), one-dimensional, truncated-finite in shape. The skin is thin, strong, dark red, shiny, and easily separated from the pulp. The pulp is dark red, juicy, gristly, with a pleasant sweet and sour taste. The juice is dark red. The stone is medium-sized, round, and easily separated.
It is characterized by stable yield, winter hardiness and high transportability. Large-fruited fruits of high quality.
They are consumed fresh and used to prepare high-quality compotes that preserve the color of the fruit and the clarity of the juice for a long time. Resistance to moniliosis - high, low susceptibility to coccomycosis.
Cherry variety Avangard
Vanguard– cherry variety selected by the Institute of Irrigated Horticulture of the UAAS. Ripening period is June 22-23.
The tree is large and fast growing. The crown is spreading, raised, of medium density. Winter-hardy and drought-resistant. It bears fruit on bouquet branches and annual growth in the 4th year after planting in the garden.
The fruits are large (9-10 g), one-dimensional. The shape of the fruit is heart-shaped. The color of the fruit is dark red. There are many gray subcutaneous dots, but they are hardly noticeable. The skin is of medium thickness and can be easily removed from the fruit. The pulp is dark red, juicy, gristly. The juice is dark red. The bone is medium, round, free.
Tree yield is more than 55 kg per tree. Average resistance to moniliosis.
