Tyto Multipunctata. (Mathews,)
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Tyto Multipunctata. - Bird of the Sipukhov family, inhabiting in Australia.
Areal
Tyto Multipunctata. Inhabited dense rainforests on the plains of Northeast Australia: Northeast Queensland (Cooktown Line - Townsville, the surroundings of the lake andch). Some researchers include this species in Tyto Tenebricosa. (black sipuha).
Appearance
Tyto Multipunctata. The magnitude is noticeably inferior to the Black Siphukh, which lives in the forests in the north of Queensland. Endemic wet tropical forests of this area of \u200b\u200bAustralia. Both types of sipes are often called silver, meaning silver-white color of bird nise. Small sipuha lighter in the color of the top of the body, it often happens a grayish brown with large number bright sanding silver-white shade on the head and wings; Black birds are also found, but also very pests. The facial drive is large - silver-white around the eyes. Around the disk a bright border of short dark feathers. The bottom of the body is silver-white with a multitude of dark spots, which are especially a lot on the chest, why the breast seems dark gray. The tail is very short. Eyes are big, ridewine black. The beak light gray, the legs are light gray, the fingers are adapted to capture production: two are directed forward, two - back, black claws. Small sexual dimorphism in size: the female is a bit larger (male 33 cm, female 37 cm). On average, the length of the body of small black sipes varies from 31-38 cm.
Lifestyle
Sipuchas lead a secretive lifestyle, but their location can be defined by a scream that eyewitnesses are defined as a whistle of bombs. It is a loud trill whistle, turning into a loud cry, heard at a high distance. Threatening, Sipuha tickles the language, making the clakeing sounds to unwind his opponent.
Tyto Multipunctata. - Duplenger. For the nesting, it chooses large vapors of living tree, sometimes - in the fork of large bitch, providing preference to trees called Rose Gum.. In other cases, it takes the natural deepening between the roots of trees and in natural niches on the docks of the coast. Male and female adhere to each other for a long time, but outside the nesting season live a single one and daytime spend in different places. The female lays two eggs and raises them within 42 days. The male brings mining female in the nest several times per night. The number of nesting pairs in tropical forests in the north of Queensland is estimated in 2000 pairs. Sipuha inhabit the area from the mountains in the south of Kuktaun to the north of this area. For them is the optimal area of \u200b\u200b50 hectares.
Hunting
During the hunt, the Sipuchas can overcome thick thickets of the rainforest at night, placing the location of their prey and attacking it. Power supply to them are terrestrial animals: rats, other rodents, gangstips, lizards, frogs and other small mammals. Sometimes they hunt for wood animals, birds and posses. Since the sipes are at the beginning of the food chain, the magnitude of their livestock is depending on the feed base. Another deterrent is anxiety from a person. These are territorial birds that are not removed from their possessions far.
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Appearance
Small black sipuha inhabits thick rainforests on the plains of Northeast Australia: Northeast Queensland (Cooktown line - Townsville, the surroundings of Lake andch). Some researchers include this species in Tyto Tenebricosa..
A small black sipuha in magnitude is noticeably inferior to the South Black Siphukh, which lives in the forests in the north of Queensland. Endemic of wet rainforests of this area of \u200b\u200bAustralia. Both types of sipes are often called silver, meaning silver-white color of bird nise. Small sipuha lighter in the color of the top of the body, it is often a grayish-brown with a large number of blond sanding of silver-white shade on the head and wings; Black birds are also found, but also very pests. The facial drive is large - silver-white around the eyes. Around the disk a bright border of short dark feathers. The bottom of the body is silver-white with a multitude of dark spots, which are especially a lot on the chest, why the breast seems dark gray. The tail is very short. Eyes are big, ridewine black. The beak light gray, the legs are light gray, the fingers are adapted to capture production: two are directed forward, two - back, black claws. Small sexual dimorphism in size: the female is a bit larger (male 33 cm, female 37 cm). On average, the length of the body of small black sipes varies within 31-38 cm.
Lifestyle
Sipuchas lead a secretive lifestyle, but their location can be defined by a scream that eyewitnesses are defined as a whistle of bombs. It is a loud trill whistle, turning into a loud cry, heard at a high distance. Threatening, Sipuha tickles the language, making the clakeing sounds to unwind his opponent.
Black Sipuha - Duplenger. For the nesting, it chooses large vapors of living tree, sometimes - in the fork of large bitch, providing preference to trees called Rose Gum.. In other cases, it takes the natural deepening between the roots of trees and in natural niches on the docks of the coast. The male and female hold each other for a long time, however, outside the nesting season, they live alone and the daytime is carried out in different places. The female lays two eggs and raises them within 42 days. The male brings mining female in the nest several times per night. The number of nesting pairs in tropical forests in the north of Queensland is estimated in 2000 pairs. Sipuha inhabit the area from the mountains in the south of Kuktaun to the north of this area. For them is the optimal area of \u200b\u200b50 hectares.
During the hunt, the Sipuhas can overcome thick thickets of the rainforest at night, placing the location of their prey and attacking it. Power supply to them are terrestrial animals: rats, other rodents, gangstips, lizards, frogs and other small mammals. Sometimes they hunt for wood animals, birds and posses. Since the sipes are at the beginning of the food chain, the magnitude of their livestock is depending on the feed base. Another deterrent is anxiety from a person. These are territorial birds that are not removed from their possessions far.
Life expectancy for black sipes is high, the pace of reproduction is small, so the population number is never excessive. The breeding season falls for the period from January to August. Despite the narrow habitat area, the number of this species is considered usual and over the years remains stable. In this, it differs from the black owl, the number of which, although it is recognized as usual, but is currently steadily reduced by cutting down forests.
Siphas, like most night birds, have good night vision, but hunting, relying more on their sensitive rumor, which is established by the experiment, is four times the possibility of hearing other animals. This allows them to hunt in the conditions of absolute darkness. This unique ability is achieved by a special structure of the ears, in which both ears are located asymmetrically at different levels. Due to this, the beep comes to the right and left ear with some time difference. This allows the owl with greater accuracy to locate a potential victim. In addition to the ear opening, located above, is directed down and more sensitive to the sounds that go below. Short feathers framing the front disk send sounds to the ears. Fucking these feathers, Sipha directs them in such a way that the sound is acting directly to the ear holes.
During the hunt, Sipuca attacks mining, grabbing her claws in such a way that claws are sacrificed from four sides. His mining of owls swallow entirely with feathers, fur and claws, and then once or twice a day, repel the unsecured residues in the form of dense balls - reigns.
A lot of harm to Sipukham brings the use of pesticides in agriculture, they are most vulnerable to DDT (dichloro diphenyl-trichloro ethane). Large damage to the population of Sipukh inflicts road trafficbecause owls tend to hunt along the roadside of roads. Many medium and large birds, sipuhs, including, dies on power lines.
The average length of the wing is 243-343 mm; Wingspan - 103 cm. Female length - 44-51 cm; Mass - 900-1100 g. The length of males - 37-43 cm; Mass - 600-700 g
Owl of average sizes without the "ears" -cakes. Females, as a rule, more and heavier than males (the difference in the mass of up to 350 g), but in one of the observed steam, a reversible sexual dimorphism was revealed.
The main plumage of the bird is ash-black; On a rounded face of the face, the color of which varies from light gray to graphite (from light edges gradually darkens to the middle), there are very large black eyes.
The lower part of the abdomen and damage dark, with small uneven black spots. Rainbing the eye of a saturated dark-card color, beak light cream. The legs are tightly funeral up to the base of dark gray fingers, which end with massive black and brown claws. Wings are short, rounded and uniform over the entire length; Very short tail.
Chicks are covered with a whitish or light gray fluff; Teenagers look almost like adults, but with a more damned face.
Vote
The most famous Call of Black Sipha - a long descending whistle, which is often compared with the sound of flying
Ordinary sipuha well known to residents western European countriesHowever, in Russia there is little about it. This is the most ancient branch of the detachment of the sophisticated. Latin her name sounds like Tyto Alba, and English - Barn Owl. In the people, it was nicknamed by a midnight, a ghostly and squeezing owl. Her distinctive features It is a kind of voice and shape of the head. Who is such a sipuha, and what kind of lifestyle is it? Let's talk more in this article about one of the most common owls in the world.
Owl Sipuha: Description
The name of this apparently, it happened from the peculiarity of her voice, resembling a kind of snoring or SIP. From other representatives of the owls, it is characterized by a form of a facial disk in the form of a heart, while it seems that there is a white mask on it. A small bird is a bright color and a kind of face. It is about the same as the eared owl or daw. The length reaches 33-39 cm, the mass of its body is 300-355 g, and the wings are about 90 cm. By the way, it weight can vary widely and depends individually from a particular individual. It can be mass like 180 g and 700 g.
At the top of her painting, sandy (red) color with white and dark specks. Sipuha - white at the bottom (less than yellow), in addition, dark splashes are present in the plumage. The front disc is bright and has a flat look, also he got a ochered cut, under the eyes there is a small portion of red feathers. Wings - Palevo-White, with a golden-jet pattern. - Dark brown or black. Her eyes are expressive and big. It has a slender physique, and she also has long paws that have thick and fluffy fading to the fingers. She has a short tail. The beak is yellowish-white. By the way, the color of the lower part depends on the habitat of the Sipha. For example, in North Africa, Western and Southern Europe, in the Middle East he is white, but in the rest of Europe - yellow-orange.
By sexual sign, they are practically no different from each other. The females are slightly darker, but it is not particularly noticeable. Young chicks also do not differ from adult individuals, sometimes they are more motley.
As we noticed, such a bird, like a sipuha, photos clearly demonstrate to us by a very memorable appearance.
Habitat area
Ordinary Sipukha There are 35 subspecies that are common in all continents, excluding only Antarctica, are also found on the islands. Previously, it could be found in the Baltic States and other CIS countries: now it lives in small quantities. On the territory of Russia is found only in the Kaliningrad region. In the European part it is absent in the northern regions and mining systems.
On the one hand, the ordinary Sipukha is adapted to various geographical conditions, as it is spread almost everywhere, and on the other, it does not have the ability to accumulate fat stocks, so does not carry a harsh climate. In the northern regions of the United States and mostly Canada, in Northern Europe and practically throughout Russia for this reason it is not. Bird can not live in African and Asian deserts.
There were cases when Sipukha was artificially populated by a person in those areas where it was never. Thus, it appeared in the Seychelles and Hawaiian Islands, in New Zealand. After the Sipucha was settled on the Seychelles, a decrease in the number of piggyback population, which she was fed.
Loved space for accommodation
Sipuha almost always settled near the housing of man. Nests both in large cities and in rural areas. He likes to settle in attics, in the wrappers and niches of the walls. Prefers roofs of houses and abandoned buildings. Most often, Sipha is found on open plains, where there is a small number of trees. It can be places such as a palpal, swamp, a thick meadow, also lives a bird along the deserts, reservoirs, ravines and roads.
It can often be found where agricultural farms and human housing are located. Owl-Sipuch tries to avoid dense forests and high mountain places. For this bird, the following conditions are needed for distribution: the availability of feed, lack of cold winters and weak competition with other predators. Basically, they do not change their habitat, exceptions are situations when the feed base in the area of \u200b\u200btheir habitat is depleted.
What does it eat in food?
Its the most favorite food is miserable rodents, she can also cope with Pumply (big she can catch overnight up to 15 mice. Less often uses small birds, in particular, sparrows, as well as large and farm insects. Rats can be used as a meal , voles, hamsters, earthrooks, opossums. Also, they can catch bats, frogs, reptiles and invertebrates. The sacrifice of the owl is enough right on the fly, pursues it with its tenacious claws and carries to the place where he can enjoy it calmly.
Features of the arrangement of the hearing aid allow the bird to capture all the sounds, which gives the victim, which helps her very much when hunting. Its ears have an asymmetrical location: one of them is at the level of nostrils, and the other in the forehead area.
Characteristic voice of Sipukhi
It makes a supro-sucking rattling. Sipuchas defiantly clap the wings and click the beak. By the way, this feature may take horror on people who have decided to relax in the forest silence and meet with her. There is a lot of sounds issued by this owl, but still the prevailing of them is a hoarse screaming trill, which can be heard during its flight. The cry of a sipic female is below the tone.
By the way, I got my Russian for the low, rattling, a creek, which sounds like "heee". They publish it more often than the usual owl Wuhan. Her peculiar sapper voice resembles a hoarse cough.
Night lifestyle
She flies on the hunt in the late twilight and leads a strictly nightlife. As a rule, they live by one, but they can meet in small groups in the places of the Cutting game. Since the sipes lead at night, during the day they are sleeping. To sleep, some niche is chosen, naturally or artificial - it may be a hole in the ground or an unused attic.
During the hunt, they change the height - then climb up, then go down, clotheled ownership. Also they can expect a sacrifice, hawking in ambush. Their wings are arranged in such a way that their flight is obtained as silent and soft, besides, they have excellent vision and hearing. By the way, in some regions, the Sipuha is hunting and in the afternoon, for example, in Britain, but at this time of day there is a danger in the form of predatory birds, such as seagulls.
Sipic kills his sacrifice with claws, then comes on her with a long foot and bursts the beak. It has a very movable neck, thanks to which it may be prey, practically not flexing. During the intake of food, the front disk feathers move, and the impression is created that the owls are grimaced.
Reproduction
Ordinary sipuha is usually monoga, but the cases of polygamy are also not excluded. In the year there is one, less than two masonry. The beginning of the breeding season depends, as a rule, from climatic conditions Habitats and quantities. In warmer regions and where many feeds they can multiply at any time of the year. For example, in moderate belt Europe or North America it begins in March-June. If re-laying takes place, the removal of chicks will have to for the period March Mai and June-August.
The male itself chooses a place where the nest will be, and then begins to call the female. As such a nest is not built, it is chosen closed and dark place. It may be a deepening in the old stump, a hoodie of the tree and other niches. The female is engaged in having sharp eggs, and at that time the male brings her food. The conditional nest is located at an altitude of 2-20 meters above the ground, the masonry size is usually 4-7 eggs, but may be from 2 to 14. They are more, as a rule, in periods characterized by the abundance of feed. The size of eggs that have white or cream color is an average of 30-35 mm.
During the breeding period, the birds publish various sounds. They scream screaming and hoarsely, calm and snot, making the characteristic sound of "heee". The rest of the time is usually silent. Approximately for a month, the female rands eggs. Young flies out of the nest to 50-55 days of life.
By the way, the pair of sov remains together to the death of one of the partners. The female and the male live near each other, but one by one.
Behavior during the danger
In the calm state, the sowing Sypuch holds the body directly, and in the event that the bird is concerned about, it takes a threatening pose - puts the paws, places the wings in the horizontal plane and deceives to the ground. When she meets the violator of its territorial possessions, then actively waves the wings, approaching everything closer to the enemy. Sweep loudly and clicks the beak. If it does not help, she attacks the enemy, falling on his back and inflicting shock with clawed paws.
Chicks of Sipukhi
Tuting chicks are completely dependent on parents who are alternately feeding them. At birth they are covered with thick white fluff. In the event that it is strongly cold, Sipuha does not leave the nest at all and heats the chicks that become completely independent in three months. Grown chicks fly to new places and finds a different territory for habitat and reproduction. Even 10 chicks may appear at Siphuha, if the conditions allow, but in the hungry year it is expected, as a rule, no more than 4 eggs.
It is noted that the behavior of their chicks is atypically for birds: they show altruism, refusing food in favor of those who are more hungry than they. Compared to most of other birds, whose young literally digest each other's food to improve himself, this fact is of great interest in such a bird like a sipuha. Photo of her chicks shows how they look like when they appear.
Parents show care even after their chicks fly out of the nest: they continue to take care of them and feed until then, until they become completely independent, that is, it has not been reached in three months.
The attitude of people
Owl-Sipuha in people has always been a symbol of wisdom, but at the same time they treated this bird with superstitious fear. Now the superstitions go into the past, and the person more and more manifests it in genuine interest. Sipukhi sealed fear for people because of some of their singularities: a white face resembling a mask, frightening sounds, and even because of the habit of this bird silently to fall and sharply appear in the face of a man, for this people nickned her ghostly owl.
The ordinary Sipuha is mainly feeding on rodents, thereby bringing the benefit of a person. People have long appreciated the help of these owls in the destruction of pests. So, in the 17th century, such a practice was spread when in homes, barns, mills and other buildings did special windows, through which the Sipuha could penetrate and destroy rodents. Thus, the birds remained satisfied, and the benefits of man were beneficial.
If they notice a number of people, they begin to begin very interestingly: highly raised, swayed on their feet in different directions and at the same time depict various grimaces. If it is very close to her, then it usually flies.
How much sipuha lives?
In the natural conditions of the Sovie-Sipuhas can live to 18 years, but this is the maximum indicator. In fact, it turns out that they live mostly very little - their average life expectancy is about 2 years. There are cases when Sipucha was able to live in natural conditions up to 17 years old, in North America, the bird in captivity died at the age of 11.5 years, and in England a record - a bird lived in captivity of 22 years.
We talked about such an interesting bird as Owl-Sipuha, about what a habits and what she is useful for a person. Unfortunately, due to changes in environment And the use of pesticides in various parts of Europe, the number of Sipuche is reduced. Also, there are also cases of deaths of birds from a collision with machines on roads. Currently, Sipuha - a bird, which is listed in the Red Books of a number of countries of Eastern EuropeWhere for incomprehensible reasons in recent decades there is a rapid decrease in its number.
Sipuch ordinary rather unusual animal among her like. In addition, this owl belongs to one of the most ancient species from among the qualified.
According to the scientific classification, the form of the Siphai ordinary comes from the family of Sipukhovy and the genus Sipuh. Thanks to it external features And lifestyle, this owl is also called the midnight, the ghostly owl. The main features that are distinguished by Sipuche from relatives are the shape of the head and unusual, peculiar only this kind The voice that was the reason for another nickname - squeezing owl. Thus, it can be assumed that in the long time this owl was attributed to some magic properties and mystical character, including because of its unusual expressive eyes. The beauty of this bird is indisputable, so it is not surprising that many are like lovers, so professionals, they just dream to capture the beautiful owl in the photo.
Masking painting Sipuha. Appearance
From other SIPUCH sov, the form of the facial disk, which resembles the heart and a white mask at the same time. Thanks to the special expression of this mask, Sipukh is also called "owls with a monkey face."
The color of the pen is mostly white with splashes of reddish shades. The thickness of the plumage allows these owls to dwell in the cold terrain. The size of the body of the owls make up about 40 centimeters, the scope of the wings - almost a meter. Sipic weight ranges from 200 to 700 grams.
The upper part of the owl body is darker, there is much more reddish shade, and the white or yellowish color is prevailing below. The front disk has a white color and the form is noticeably alley. Osks the "face" of Owl Circle from the oath hue feathers. Wings are mainly white, but also can be decorated with a dark jet pattern. Sipic eyes are quite large, bright and very expressive. The iris is mostly black or dark. The body of the Sipha is elongated and slim with long, covered with thick plumage, paws. She has a very short tail. The beak has yellow-white color. In general, it can be said that the color of the lower body depends mainly on its place of habitat. Outward females from males differ little, but the first slightly darker. Chicks are also almost no different from adult individuals, with the exception of a more motley color. Thus, the ordinary Sipuha has a rather bright memorable appearance, which you can make sure, looking at the photo of the Sipha.
Beautiful sipuha. 
Sipuha: view of owls in front. 
Beautiful photo Sovie Sipuha. 
Sipuha on the hunt. 
Areal
Sipuha is distributed almost on all continents. Single place On the planet, where it is impossible to see it is Antarctica. For our country, Sipuch ordinary is rare, and you can only meet this owl in the Kaliningrad region. In neighboring countries and in the Baltic States, the Sipukha is also a rather rare instance. She does not live in the mountains, as well as in the northern regions. Also, the bird does not tolerate a strong heat, and therefore cannot dwell in the deserts. Thanks to Man Owl received artificial distribution on New Zealand Islands, Seychelles and Hawaii. It is preferred to equip your housing of the Sipukhi on open spaces, on swamps and in grassy terrain.
Sipucha is looking for prey. 
Owl Sipuha caring in the air. 
Photo owls Sipuha. 
Sipuha in flight. 
Sipuha in flight. 
Sipuha among wildflowers. 
Owl Sipuha in flight. Reproduction
Basically, ordinary sipes for their lives have one pair, less often somewhat. Outline eggs occurs once or twice a year. The place to arrange the nest chooses the male. Separately, the nest is not built, and the most appropriate recess in the tree or another darkened place is selected. At that time, while the female raises offspring, the male cares about her feed. By time it lasts about one month. Usually, the number of eggs sincere is from 4 to 7 units. Young owls start an independent life two months after birth.
What is the life expectancy?
IN wildlife Ordinary Sipes can live a maximum of 18 years, while the average is extremely small - only two years.
