Description
Length - 769 km, basin area - 46.2 thousand km². It originates on the slopes of the Chikokonsky ridge, flows along the southern slope of the Malkhansky ridge through the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory and Buryatia, partially along the border with Mongolia. In the lower part, the river flows within the Selenga midlands, breaking into branches that form extended islands.
The food is predominantly rain-fed. Floods in summer and autumn. The average annual water flow is 263 m³/s. It freezes at the end of October - November, in the upper reaches it freezes over the rifts; opens in April - early May.
The river waters are used for irrigation.
History of development
Written sources for 1713 mention the Peter and Paul Fortress, built on an island at the Chikoy mouth. Due to regular floods in 1726, Count Savva Raguzinsky ordered the fortress to be moved 2 versts upstream of the river, and in 1727 the “chief border manager” I. D. Buchholz built Peter and Paul Fortress in a new place. The fortification to a greater extent served not as a military facility, but as a trading post, where caravans were formed to trade with China.
Settlements
Most of them are located on the river settlements Krasnochikoysky district of the Trans-Baikal Territory, including such large villages as Krasny Chikoy, Maloarkhangelsk, etc. The Yamarovka resort is located in the upper Chikoy valley.
In Buryatia, on the banks of the Chikoy and in its valley there are large settlements - Bolshaya Kudara, Ust-Kiran, Chikoy, Kiran Resort, Bolshoy Lug of the Kyakhtinsky District. In the Selenga region on the left bank there is the village of Povorot.
Tributaries
Shipping
The river is navigable for 152 km from the mouth.
The first steamships passed through Chikoy in 1909-1911. Two or three trips were made to the Chikoy tannery. Shipping resumed in August 1926. The Volna steamship of the Selenga State Shipping Company made a voyage to the molybdenum mine.
Excerpt characterizing Chikoy (river)
- Sovereign! Sovereign! - suddenly echoed through the halls, and the entire crowd rushed to the exit.Along a wide passage, between the wall of nobles, the sovereign walked into the hall. All faces expressed respectful and frightened curiosity. Pierre stood quite far away and could not fully hear the sovereign’s speeches. He understood only from what he heard that the sovereign was talking about the danger in which the state was, and about the hopes that he placed in the Moscow nobility. Another voice answered the sovereign, reporting about the decree of the nobility that had just taken place.
- Gentlemen! - said the sovereign’s trembling voice; the crowd rustled and fell silent again, and Pierre clearly heard the sovereign’s so pleasantly human and touched voice, which said: “I have never doubted the zeal of the Russian nobility.” But on this day it exceeded my expectations. I thank you on behalf of the fatherland. Gentlemen, let's act - time is most valuable...
The Emperor fell silent, the crowd began to crowd around him, and enthusiastic exclamations were heard from all sides.
“Yes, the most precious thing is... the royal word,” said the sobbing voice of Ilya Andreich from behind, who heard nothing, but understood everything in his own way.
From the hall of the nobility the sovereign went into the hall of the merchants. He stayed there for about ten minutes. Pierre, among others, saw the sovereign leaving the merchants' hall with tears of tenderness in his eyes. As they later learned, the sovereign had just begun his speech to the merchants when tears flowed from his eyes, and he finished it in a trembling voice. When Pierre saw the sovereign, he went out, accompanied by two merchants. One was familiar to Pierre, a fat tax farmer, the other was a head, with a thin, narrow beard, yellow face. They both cried. The thin man had tears in his eyes, but the fat farmer wept like a child and kept repeating:
- Take life and property, Your Majesty!
Pierre no longer felt anything at that moment except the desire to show that he didn’t care about anything and that he was ready to sacrifice everything. His speech with a constitutional direction appeared to him as a reproach; he was looking for an opportunity to make amends for this. Having learned that Count Mamonov was donating the regiment, Bezukhov immediately announced to Count Rostopchin that he was giving up a thousand people and their contents.
Old man Rostov could not tell his wife what had happened without tears, and he immediately agreed to Petya’s request and went to record it himself.
The next day the sovereign left. All the assembled nobles took off their uniforms, again settled in their houses and clubs and, grunting, gave orders to the managers about the militia, and were surprised at what they had done.
Napoleon started the war with Russia because he could not help but come to Dresden, could not help but be overwhelmed by honors, could not help but put on a Polish uniform, could not succumb to the enterprising impression of a June morning, could not refrain from an outburst of anger in the presence of Kurakin and then Balashev.
Alexander refused all negotiations because he personally felt insulted. Barclay de Tolly tried to manage the army in the best possible way in order to fulfill his duty and earn the glory of a great commander. Rostov galloped to attack the French because he could not resist the desire to gallop across a flat field. And so exactly, due to their personal properties, habits, conditions and goals, all those innumerable persons who took part in this war acted. They were afraid, they were conceited, they rejoiced, they were indignant, they reasoned, believing that they knew what they were doing and that they were doing it for themselves, and all were involuntary instruments of history and carried out work hidden from them, but understandable to us. This is the unchangeable fate of all practical figures, and the higher they stand in the human hierarchy, the more free they are.
Now the figures of 1812 have long since left their places, their personal interests have disappeared without a trace, and only the historical results of that time are before us.
But let’s assume that the people of Europe, under the leadership of Napoleon, had to go deep into Russia and die there, and all the self-contradictory, senseless, cruel activities of the people participating in this war become clear to us.
Providence forced all these people, striving to achieve their personal goals, to contribute to the fulfillment of one huge result, about which not a single person (neither Napoleon, nor Alexander, nor even less any of the participants in the war) had the slightest aspiration.
Now it is clear to us what was the cause of the death of the French army in 1812. No one will argue that the reason for the death of Napoleon’s French troops was, on the one hand, their entry at a late time without preparation for a winter campaign deep into Russia, and on the other hand, the nature that the war took on from the burning of Russian cities and the incitement of hatred towards the enemy in the Russian people. But then not only did no one foresee that (which now seems obvious) that only in this way could the army of eight hundred thousand, the best in the world and led by the best commander, die in a clash with the Russian army, which was twice as weak, inexperienced and led by inexperienced commanders; not only did no one foresee this, but all efforts on the part of the Russians were constantly aimed at preventing the fact that only one could save Russia, and on the part of the French, despite the experience and so-called military genius of Napoleon, all efforts were directed towards this to stretch out to Moscow at the end of summer, that is, to do the very thing that should have destroyed them.
In historical works about 1812, French authors are very fond of talking about how Napoleon felt the danger of stretching his line, how he was looking for a battle, how his marshals advised him to stop in Smolensk, and give other similar arguments proving that it was already understood there was danger of the campaign; and Russian authors are even more fond of talking about how from the beginning of the campaign there was a plan for the Scythian war to lure Napoleon into the depths of Russia, and they attribute this plan to some Pfuel, some to some Frenchman, some to Tolya, some to Emperor Alexander himself, pointing to notes, projects and letters that actually contain hints of this course of action. But all these hints of foreknowledge of what happened, both on the part of the French and on the part of the Russians, are now exhibited only because the event justified them. If the event had not happened, then these hints would have been forgotten, just as thousands and millions of opposing hints and assumptions that were in use then, but turned out to be unfair and therefore forgotten, are now forgotten. There are always so many assumptions about the outcome of every event that takes place that, no matter how it ends, there will always be people who will say: “I said then that it would be like this,” completely forgetting that among the countless assumptions, completely opposite.
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION OF THE RB
MBOU "Bolshekudarinskaya Secondary School"
"Step into the Future"
"Chikoy River"
Work completed
3rd grade student
"Bolshekudarinskaya Secondary School"
Kozhevnikova Daria
Head: teacher
Geographies
MBOU "Bolshekudarinskaya Secondary School"
Kozhevnikova Natalia
Alexandrovna
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
1. Travel along the Chikoy River………………………………………………………4
2. Rare animals and plants of the Chikoy River………………………………………….7
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….11
References………………………………………………………………………………………12
Introduction
My topic is called “Journey along the Chikoy River.” I chose this topic because I love my river. The river has always played an important role in people's lives. I really like my river on the banks of which I live.
The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the fact that for people, rivers are an integral part of their lives, they were of interest to them in the past, they are interested in now, and will be of interest in the future.
Purpose of the study: to show all the richness and diversity of the Chikoy River
Task 1: Study the tourist routes along the Chikoy River.
Task 2: Get acquainted with rare animals and plants of the Chikoy River
Object: study of the Chikoy River.
Subject of research: river routes.
The first part of our work is devoted to studying the scientific foundations of the river’s tourist routes
In the second part of our research work a short collection of rare animals and plants found on the river bank is provided.
Research methods:
Observation.
Studying scientific and methodological literature.
For Transbaikalia fishermen, the word Chikoy sounds like an alarm bell. Of course, there are taimen, lenok, burbot, grayling, whitefish, and many other equally attractive fish. And fishing in the middle of nowhere, from the ice, on the deserted upper reaches of the Chikoy, fabulously rich in animals and fish - this is generally a special topic...
Travel along the Chikoy River.
The Chikoy River originates on the slopes of the Daursky ridge in the Chita region. It first heads north and then turns west; within Buryatia, the river turns northwest and flows into the Selenga. Its length is 755 kilometers; it flows through the territory of Buryatia at a distance of over 250 kilometers. Chikoy is navigable for about 100 kilometers. Small steamships first began sailing on the river in 1912.
Traveling through Chicoy provides an opportunity to experience nature interesting region Buryat Republic, archaeological and historical monuments. It is recommended to start this excursion around Chikoy from Yamarovka, where you need to travel by bus from the station. Khilok. The path, 115 kilometers long, runs through the valleys of mountain rivers.
Yamarovka is a resort in the Chita region, founded by the Kyakhta doctor K.P. Kozikh. In Yamarovka, tourists can get acquainted with the work of the resort, visit the picturesque surrounding places, and then go on a trip to Chikoy.
From Yamarovka to Krasny Chikoy the river flows west through a narrow mountain gorge and taiga. The mountains on both sides come close to the river, and in some places they end in cliffs near the river. The coastline is picturesque. There are small rapids and rifts on the river.
Krasny Chikoy is a large regional center of the Chita region. In these places, coal outcrops were discovered on both sides of Chikoy. From this village to the village. The thick river makes several sharp bends and heads southwest.
The village of Gutai is located on the left bank of the river, near which there is a mountain known for its molybdenum deposit. Its discovery story is as follows: the Kyakhta Museum received it from a village teacher. Gutai is a sample of “writing stones”; upon examination, these stones turned out to be molybdenite, a valuable metal ore.
Below Urluk the river enters the Dunguy valley. Here, where the Buryat herders led a nomadic lifestyle before the revolution, the comfortable village of Ust-Dungui has now grown.
From Sharagol to Bolshaya Kudara, the river flows first to the southwest and then to the northwest. From Bolshaya Kudara opens a flat area, more densely populated than the upper reaches of the river. Here, taiga areas give way to bare rocky hills with dome-shaped peaks, often covered with sand.
The village of Chikoy is located on the left bank of the river. There is also a river crossing here.
From Chikoy you can go to the village. Polkanovo. Not far from the village in a picturesque area there is a healing spring “Arshan”, where many people from the surrounding villages come in the summer. 3 kilometers from the village of Chikoy, the Chikoy River branches into many branches, forming large group islands with mixed grass meadows. Dense thickets of willow and bird cherry bushes stretch along the river. Their long branches hang over the water with nests of small birds hanging from them.
Downstream of the river is the area of Durena. The area is rich in archaeological sites. At different times, stone, bronze and iron items were found in these places. In 1926, a copper plate resembling a Mongolian-type horseman was found.
After getting acquainted with the archaeological monuments here, tourists can head to Lake Kiranskoe, located 4 kilometers from Duren. Lake Kiranskoe is located in a small drainage basin. The size of the lake is variable: in years with heavy rainfall, the surface area reaches 1 sq. kilometer in dry years it almost dries up; its depth ranges from 1 to 3 meters. The water in the lake is highly salty.
Lake Kiran has been known since ancient times as a healing lake; it has been mentioned in literature since 1700. In 1850, on the initiative of the doctor of the Troitskosavsky garrison, Pfafius, a hospital for Siberian battalions was established on the shore of the lake, which existed until 1862. Then it was closed due to lack of funds for its maintenance. In 1920, doctor Reshchikov G.M. used the mud of this lake in his medical practice. A small balneological resort was opened on its shore local significance, which existed until 1941. Since June 1946, a stationary mud bath of republican significance has been opened, which is famous far beyond the borders of Buryatia.
On the site where the resort building now stands, in the past there was a salt factory.
Returning from here to Dureny, you should sail to the village of Khilgantuy, located 18 km on the right bank of Chikoy.
From Khilgantuy you can see Mount Big Kumyn. On both sides of the road are ancient tiled graves dating back to the Bronze Age. There are shifting sands on the northeastern side of the mountain.
The village of Bolshoi Lug is located on the left bank of Chikoy, three kilometers from the river.
15 km from Bolshoy Lug, on the left bank of the Chikoy, is the village of Kharyask.
The last stop can be made in the village. The turn is located on the left bank of the river. There are about 20 km left before the Chikoya confluence with the Selenga. A little below the Chikoya confluence, on the left bank of the Selenga, you can see a high rock that served as a guard post in the 17th century. Here Russian Cossacks performed guard duty.
Rare and endangered species of animals and plants of Buryatia
The Daurian hedgehog is an endangered species. Found throughout the valleys of Chicoy, it is rare and isolated.
The water bat is a declining species. Distributed in the Chicoya River valley.
The jumper jerboa is a contracting species. The animal is found in the valley of the Chikoy River.
Birds.
Great bittern. Rare breeding and migratory species. Recorded in the valley of the Chikoy River.
Black stork. Widespread, but very rare, nesting and migratory species. The black stork is known to nest in the valley of the Chikoy River.
White-naped crane. A very rare migratory species, endangered. In Buryatia it breeds very rarely along the Chikoy River.
Ordinary cut. A very rare migratory and nesting species.
Reptiles and amphibians
Patterned runner. An endangered species. Lives along the banks of Chicoy. The number is very low.
Mongolian toad. Shrinking view. Lives in the lower reaches of Chicoy.
Insects
Kinderman's bear. A rare species found locally. Found in the Chikoy River valley.
Apollo Buryatsky. Recorded in the Chicoya Valley.
Plants
Krasodnev Maly. A species with declining numbers. It is found in a large area of the Chikoy River.
Pennsylvania lily. The declining species is found in the Chicoy River valley.
Dwarf lily. The declining species is found in the Chicoy River valley.
Eastern iris. A rare species with declining numbers.
Tiger iris. Rare view.
Conclusion
As part of the given topic, a literature review was conducted on the study of tourist routes passing along the Chikoy River, as well as a study of the degree of pollution of the river and rare animals and plants listed in the Red Book of Buryatia.
The study of tourist routes along the Chikoy River showed that the development of tourist routes is possible, the task of the research work was solved. On this route, there is something to see and admire: wonderful nature, many monuments.
Bibliography
1.Atlas of Buryatia, 2002
2. B.B. Bashkuev, R.F. Tugutov “Across Buryatia”, Ulan-Ude 1961.
3. Ivanov, Red Book of the RSFSR, 1983.
4. Red Book of Buryatia.
5. Kozhov M.M. Fresh waters Eastern Siberia, 1950.
6. T.G. Boykov, Flora, 1979.
7. Namsaraev B.B., E.V. Danilova., “Mineral springs and healing lakes of Southern Buryatia”
In a small area it forms the border between Russia and Mongolia.
Chikoy originates on the slopes of the Daursky ridge. The length of the river is 769 km, the basin area is 46.2 thousand km 2 - the largest tributary of the Selenga in terms of basin area and the 2nd longest (after the Khilok River). The river network is formed by 352 watercourses. The largest tributary is the Menza (left). The basin contains 560 lakes with an area of 14.8 km2.
The river flows along the southern slope of the Malkhansky ridge. Over a long distance, the river valley is an alternation of narrow gorges and intermountain expansions. In the upper reaches of Chikoy there is a mountain river, and downstream there is a semi-mountain river. Characteristic is the alternation of an incised channel (in the upper and middle reaches) with a wide floodplain channel (within intermountain basins). In free conditions of development of channel deformations, the formation of a floodplain multi-branch system is possible.
The river basin is located in the area of insufficient humid climate with warm summers and moderately harsh winters with little snow. The average long-term water flow in the lower reaches is 261 m 3 /s (flow volume 8.237 km 3 /year). The river is fed primarily by rain. Far Eastern type of water regime with low spring floods and frequent summer-autumn floods, exceeding the flood in terms of hydrological characteristics. The wettest months are July and August. Maximum water flow 4760 m 3 /s. Floods are possible during this period of the year. The minimum water flow during the open channel period is 65.0 m 3 /s, and during the freeze-up period - 0.02 m 3 /s.
Autumn ice phenomena begin in the third ten days of October. After 3–5 days, ice drift begins (duration up to 15 days). At the end of the first ten days of November, ice cover is established. In winter, the river can freeze in the upper and middle reaches. The spring opening of the river begins with a short (4 days) ice drift. By the end of April the river is free of ice. Total duration The period with ice phenomena is about 190 days.
The average long-term water turbidity is 49 g/m3, which corresponds to a suspended sediment flow rate of 12.8 kg/s and a sediment runoff of about 400 thousand tons. The water is fresh, low-mineralized (50–65 mg/l), and according to its chemical composition it belongs to the hydrocarbonate class and calcium group. Water quality decreases in areas where mining operations and populated areas are located. The content of organic substances in river water is increased.
From the middle of the 17th century. The river served as a waterway for Russian explorers during the development of Transbaikalia. The lower reaches of Chikoy were part of the route to Mongolia. Currently the river is navigable on the lower 152 km. The river water is used for irrigation; mineral springs – for balneological purposes (Yamarovka resort). In the river basin there are deposits of gold, tungsten, molybdenum, tin, silver, copper, iron, hard and brown coal. An object fishing: taimen, grayling, lenok.
On the banks of the river there are many villages (Krasny Chikoy, Maloarkhangelsk, Bolshaya Kudara, Ust-Kiran, Bolshoy Lug), the village. Turn.
Chikoy is a typical taiga river of the Lake Baikal basin, the largest tributary of the Selenga. The length of Chicoy is 769 km, the basin area is 46.2 thousand km². This river originates on the slopes of the Chikokonsky ridge, flows along the southern slope of the Malkhansky ridge through the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory and Buryatia, and partly along the border with Mongolia. The food is predominantly rain-fed. Average water flow is 263 m³/s.
Chikoy and its tributaries play a fundamental role in the taiga ecosystems of the Krasnochikoysky district. This unique taiga, little touched by man, is located on the Khentei-Chikoy highlands.
Distance from railway contributes to the low accessibility of these places and to the conservation of biodiversity. The forest area of the district is 86% of the district's territory. Its special value is the cedar forest (587 thousand hectares or 24% of the forest area). In the Krasnochikoysky district, cedar trees do not form a single continuous massif. They are represented by habitats among pine and larch taiga. But without a living frame of other species, cedar forests do not exist! There have already been many years of sad experience when cedar trees, gnawed from all sides by logging sites, died from windfalls, drying out of the soil and fires. If you cut down pine forests and foliage in the upper reaches of any river, then all the cedar below the cuttings will die in the coming years.
The Water Code of Russia establishes the minimum width of water protection zones for sections of rivers of different lengths from their source. For the drainage basin of the lake. Baikal Resolution of the Head of the Administration of the Chita Region No. 252 dated March 25, 1997 established the minimum dimensions of water protection zones for Chikoy at 500 m. For its large tributaries, for example pp. Burkal, Chikokon, the water protection zone is set at 300 m. For smaller rivers in the basin, the size of the zone ranges from 50 to 100 m.
Article 102 of the Forest Code states that forests located in water protection zones are classified as protective forests.
The main functions of protective forests of water protection zones include: water regulation, anti-erosion, soil protection, accumulative, recreational and balneological, as well as the function of improving water quality. The taiga of the Krasnochikoi region should first of all be considered as a factor influencing the water regime of Lake Baikal. The main purpose of the taiga of the Krasnochikoysky district is the conservation and reproduction of the natural resources of Transbaikalia, and only after the timber resource is cut down.
It is worth pointing out here the bill posted on the official website of the Ministry of Natural Resources in November 2012 - the draft federal law “On Amendments to the Forest Code Russian Federation", it was prepared by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation in order to improve forest legislation in terms of ensuring forest protection. This bill lifts the ban on clear-cutting in water conservation forests. The authors of the bill justify the law, which is so destructive for the forests along our rivers, by the fact that the forest needs protection. The explanatory note of the project says: “In addition, in the event of the death of forest plantations, the use of clear sanitary felling is required in order to prevent the spread of pests and forest diseases. At the same time, in accordance with part 4 of article 17 and paragraph 1) of part 1 of article 104 of the Forest Code, clear cutting is prohibited in protective forests and water protection zones. In order to remove the specified restriction in relation to measures to ensure sanitary safety of the forest, paragraph 1 of part 1 of Article 104 of the Forest Code is to be stated in the following wording:
“1) carrying out clear cuttings of forest plantations, except for the cases provided for in Part 4 of Article 17 of this Code.”
Carrying out clear cuttings along the banks, regardless of their purpose, will lead to changes in the hydrological regime of reservoirs. Somewhere rivers may become very shallow. Even in the most stagnant years, coastal forests (at least on paper) were preserved as forests of the first group or especially protected forest areas. The ban on clear cutting there remains in the current edition of the Forest Code. And now the environmental department has decided to cancel it. The Chikoyans, taiga residents, quite reasonably object to the mandatory sanitary and felling of overripe forests: “But the taiga existed before the Forest Code, and before Tsarist Russia. In the absence of not only clear cuttings, but even sanitary cuttings, the taiga lived, and there was no threat to it in the form of diseases and pests.” As an additional argument, the authors of the bill refer to the obvious benefit for them: “The implementation of this change will not only not require additional funding from the budget, but will also increase the receipt of fees for the use of forests.”
In some, or rather in many places, mature forest along the rivers will be cut down. It is difficult to believe that this bill was not lobbied for.
IN last years The area where deforestation is taking place is increasing sharply. And mostly these are clearings in the upper reaches of Chikoy, where traditionally, since Semey times, the Chikoyans did not touch the forest. And now it is there that the territories of the largest tenants are located: Trans-Siberian Forestry Company LLC - an area of 239,794 hectares, Transles LLC - an area of 42,914 hectares. The impact of logging on the condition of the Chikoy River is already becoming obvious, the Chikoy is becoming shallow, the local population and the public are sounding the alarm. This leads to the need to introduce additional restrictions taking into account the state of the rivers. Many prohibitions and tougher penalties in the current Forest Code have hit small loggers hard, while large ones continue to increase the volume and area of logging. Chikoyans watch with bitterness how the Chikoy forest flows out of the area in a continuous stream, large timber trucks have destroyed many taiga roads, and the residents themselves, in order to collect firewood, harvest timber for the construction of a garage or bathhouse, or harvest nuts, need to seek a special permit.
We talk a lot about the urgent need to strengthen environmental education and training. Scientists, public organizations encounter indifference and connivance of the majority of the population. But first of all, a person must feel like the master of his land. From time immemorial, Chicoyans all over the world rose to extinguish forest fires. And these days it’s hard to find people to fight forest fires. “The forest is no longer ours!” - say local residents. At current state forest legislation, Chicoyans do not feel like masters of their land. And at night the timber trucks hum again strainedly. Calls to protect the forest are perceived as mockery.
The current Forest Code needs additions and modifications to the rules of felling. There is an urgent need to develop and adopt interregional rules for final felling and reforestation felling in the forests of the catchment area of the Lake Baikal basin, taking into account the natural and climatic conditions and the need to preserve the rivers of the Lake Baikal basin. Deputies of the District Council, specialists of the Administration of the Krasnochikoisky District propose to take as a basis the previously existing rules for final felling and reforestation felling in the forests of the Lake Baikal basin, which were prepared by the Main Directorate of Forest Resources and Forestry of the State Forestry Committee on the basis of a project developed by the Institute of Forest and Timber SO AN, taking into account long-term (since the 70s) results of experimental research and production experience of enterprises in the water protection zone of Lake Baikal. In the interregional rules for final felling and reforestation felling in the forests of the catchment area of the Lake Baikal basin, allocate or establish special protective forest areas (strips) from 3 to 5 km along the perimeter (borders) adjacent to cedar plantations, in order to preserve and strengthen their water protection and soil protection functions, as well as the prevention of windfall and windfall.
Chicoy should play a special role in preserving the river national park"Chikoy", an environmental and economic justification for the formation of this national park was prepared by scientists from Transbaikalia back in 2003. Over the past 10 years, the problem of the park project has moved from an environmental aspect to a political aspect, there is great resistance from officials at all levels, and in recent years there has been quiet sabotage in the form of various bureaucratic delays in the preparation and passage of documents. The last and unfortunately unfulfilled promise was made former governor region by Geniatullin R.F. about the opening of the park by the new year 2013. In general, the first mention of the protected area in Chicoy was in 1948 by the nature conservation commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences. It was proposed to take under protection 218 thousand hectares in the interfluve of the river. Burkal and the upper reaches of the river. Chikoy. An international project in 1991-1992 surveyed the Baikal territory and proposed a “Comprehensive Land Use Policy Program for the Russian territory of the basin of the island.” Baikal" (New York, 1993). This project clearly defined the need to create a national park in Chicoy with an area of about 1 million 200 thousand hectares. But there is still no park. A future park could connect several protected areas in the Trans-Baikal Territory. In the work Kirilyuk O.A. “Ecological basis for the formation of a network of specially protected natural areas the northeastern part of the ecological region “Daurian Steppe” and in the work of Baastyn Oyungerel “Ecological and geographical foundations of the functioning and prospects for the development of specially protected natural areas of Northern Mongolia”, options for creating an interconnected network of transboundary protected areas are proposed.
To coordinate environmental activities and sustainable use of natural resources, the most promising is the use of mechanisms offered by international conventions and agreements in the field of environmental protection.
The Chikoya River is also threatened by gold mining, this is what the Chikoya Asakan tributary looks like before and after the gold miners.
And at the mouth of the Zhergey River, where it flows into Chikoy, uranium mining has already been carried out. There is also an adit there. By the way, the entrance to it is not closed. Local residents know about this. The radioactive background there is elevated. All this is located next to the intermediate base of the Slyudyanka artel. “Uranium means stripping operations, radioactive contamination of the area, and therefore an end to the idea of creating a national park,” said Mikhail Konstantinov, professor, doctor of historical sciences, chairman of the Assembly of Peoples of Transbaikalia.
The time has come to dispel the myth about the inexhaustible wealth of Siberia; several years of such a situation will pass, and it will be too late to save the Chikoy River.
Strekalovskaya Svetlana Viktorovna
Municipal educational institution Maloarkhangelsk secondary school of the Krasnochikoysky district of the Trans-Baikal Territory
PART 1
R. Chicocon
At the last meeting (tourists avoid the word “last”) before the upcoming water rafting, the question on the agenda was not the first, but again, far from the last, was the question: how much vodka to take with you. Hm-hm..., excuse me, as always I start with the most important, but we should start with the main thing. Well, then, in short, this is how we decided to go on a boat trip along the Chikokonu and Chikoy rivers in Southern Transbaikalia. And they chose the most suitable time of the year for this - September, in order to kill two birds with one stone. (One hare is a fish, the other is autumn beauty). Well, we discussed all the main points: who will go (four people), the readiness of the catamaran, the casting, etc. and the most important question remains: how much to take so that it’s normal? Andrei Kalashnikov, who came up with and organized this whole idea, suggested: “Let’s take it at the rate of 0.75 per day for everyone. That is, for ten days..., in short, we take two liters each. We’re not going to drink, but to engage in creativity, and vodka is just that – for inspiration!” I immediately agreed. But I immediately warned that, just in case, I’ll take an inspirational plus liter... or better yet, plus two.
So, off we went.
We left Chita, as we had planned on the morning of September 10, in a great mood, which only improved as we moved away from the city until, after 200 kilometers, we reached Lake Arey, which -"Pearl of Transbaikalia" . From the road through the forest we made our way to the shore. And then the mood dropped. “Pearl,” despite the clear weather, looked bad through numerous stumps and heaps of garbage, comparable in height to unique huge anthills. I started taking pictures of the lake and the ant heaps, then I gave up and took some trash cards to show you this “pearl jewelry in a modern frame.”
Lake Arey
And then we drank. Everyone drank, except Kolya Nikolaev, who was driving his SURFa. Oh yes, didn’t specify, kthen this is all: Andrei Kalashnikov, Roma Kuznetsov and me. In general, we drank, the mood settled down, and we drove further to the first roadside cafe, where we had lunch and drank again, but Kolya again did not. In this mode we moved to Krasny Chikoy (which is almost 600 km....
R. Khilok
Valley of the Chikoy River
... And when in the evening, having reached the destination, they estimated the fuel consumption, it turned out: 15 liters\100 km of travel - diesel fuel and 150 ml\100 km of travel - vodka for each passenger.
We settled down for the night in the village of Maloarkhangelskoye in the house of hospitable Aunt Ulyana. Before dinner we had to replenish the amusing supplies that had been unexpectedly wasted along the way, but by nightfall they had dried up again.
And so, on a foggy early morning (September 11), without waiting for sunrise, with driver Uncle Sasha, we left the village and moved through the mountains, fords and passes to the south deep into the Chikoy district through the village. Atsu.
R. Chikoy. Morning
Oxbow Lake
R Previously, during the war, there were several mining settlements along this route, and there were bridges over rivers. Now there are only traces of everything in the dense taiga, and rare cars, mainly gold miners, ply along the mountain-taiga highway. The road to Chikokon is not long (about 200 km), but difficult even for an UAZ, so fuel consumption has increased significantly. Moreover, now there were five of us drinking, and halfway there another car with hunter-fishermen caught up with us, and Andrei almost forcibly filled their empty mugs with our joy.
Pass to the Chicocon Valley
As a result, when we reached the destination by 19 o’clock, set up camp, half assembled the catamaran and celebrated this matter strongly at dinner, it turned out that we only had a quarter of the alcohol left. And there are nine days of rafting ahead, of which at least seven are now clearly expected to be dry. But so far this has hardly bothered us, because this moment everything was just perfect. We are standing on the shore, steep ridges with treeless slopes hang over it. And Chikokon itself meanders among the yellow-green taiga mountains... Beauty all around!
Before sunset, I managed to climb onto the nearest slope and take from there a good overview map, on which the river valley with its tributaries is visible.
And after dark it became generally fun. We continued to leisurely have dinner when we heard the ominous clanging of caterpillars and a large iron all-terrain vehicle crawled out of the night (there are also plastic ones). Three people got out of its hatches, led by the senior hunting inspector of the region, Molokov. He was wearing only socks and in a good mood, so he immediately began interrogating us about our guns, licenses, and so on. Our guys were also in a good mood, so a discussion about weapons began, which turned into a skirmish (verbal, of course) and led to the inspector’s statement: “You have the wrong license, we will draw up a report.” - “What, wrong!?” - "Like this! It should be like this,” the boss took out dad and took out two of his own personalized licenses for demonstration. - “This is how it should be. But yours is not like that. You are in a completely different area! And this is my area. We will compose...”
Actually, Molokov was wrong, we had not violated anything yet and the guys were not going to agree. I did not participate in the argument and went to photograph the stars.
Finally, the inspector left without a protocol, promising to meet and check us in the lower reaches, and the all-terrain vehicle, rumbling, retreated across the river. And ten minutes later I heard a terrible laugh near the fire. "What's happened!?" - “Sanya, look what we have now: a license for a male wapiti - one piece and a license for a wild boar - one piece!!! How can we eat so much!?” In a word, the inspector, in the heat of discussion, left his papers on the ground.
In the morning we said goodbye to Uncle Sasha, completed the construction of the catamaran and launched it into the water. This day and the next (September 12 and 13) were hot. We swam a lot in the icy water.
The river is sandwiched in a narrow valley, high steep ridges crowd a winding channel with clear green water. There are many riffles and rocky rifts, but overall the river is not dangerous, although according to the tourist classification it can be classified as category 3 of difficulty. Very beautiful banks, covered with mixed forest, are full of autumn colors. The red-orange aspen trees are especially good among the yellow birches.
Almost no fish were caught, but we shot ducks and caught a couple of hazel grouse. So every dinner we had was meat.
At the mouth of this stream we caught our first lenks
Aspens
In two days we rafted down about 40 km.
Drink while you can!
As expected, by the end of the second day, that is, on the evening of September 13 (what kind of mysticism?!), we ran out of all alcohol. Immediately the weather immediately began to deteriorate, and the classic state of a dull time set in, but without any charm.
The next morning (September 14) was marked by low clouds across the sky and a premonition of rain (or, we celebrated it with tea and a premonition of complete sobriety for the rest of the hike).
But fish began to be caught. At 10:30 we sailed from our overnight stop, and half an hour later we stood in a creek filled with yellow pine needles, from under which we caught about thirty lenok and large grayling with a spinning rod. The very moment was to record this event, but... only with a camera.
The rain started at 15:00 and continued for a long time. The fish “disappeared from the river” again.
The fact that there was no more vodka created a special kind of joy. It’s not for nothing that they say that not drinking is as good as drinking. “If we meet people, we will greet them like this: “Is there vodka!? “Hello,” we laughed. This question soon turned out to be asked in reality.
